J. Kang, Francis Eriavbe, S. Girinathan, Alyazia Mohamed, Neil Doucette, Khalil Almehsin, J. A. Alloghani, A. A. Al-Ali, Faaeza Ahmed Al Katheeri, Pranjal Bhatt, J. Franquet, G. Zhunussova, Sila Uluyuz
Several challenges are associated with the characterization of organic rich unconventional plays, most significantly with the identification of sweet spots for optimum placement of horizontal wells, estimation of producible hydrocarbons and subsequent stimulation design. This paper presents the petrophysics and geomechanics integration approach from the X Formation and the important factors for the identification of sweet spots. The case study concentrates on the X Formation that consists of a succession of argillaceous limestone, mostly fine grained packstones and wackestones together with subordinate calcareous shales in the lower part. The complex carbonate lithology and fabric combined with low porosity and the requirement to evaluate total organic carbon presents a challenge to conventional logs and evaluation of them. Amid all the rock properties, the low permeability and productivity dictate the requirement to stimulate the wells effectively. Detailed integration of advanced and conventional log data, core data, mud logs and geomechanical analysis plays a critical role in the evaluation and development of these organic rich unconventional reservoirs. Extensive data gathering was done with wireline logging suite, which covered Resistivitiy/Density/Neutron/Spectral GR- Acoustic logs – Resistivity & Acoustic Images – Dielectric- NMR - Advanced Elemental Spectroscopy technologies and microfrac tests to characterize the hydrocarbon potential, sweet spots and in-situ stress contrast within the organic rich X Formation. The azimuthal and transverse acoustic anisotropies were obtained from X-dipole data to fully characterize the elastic properties of the formation. The static elastic properties were obtained using empirical core correlations as triaxial core tests were not available at the time of the study. The stress profile was calibrated against straddle packer microfrac tests to identify intervals with stress contrast for proper hydraulic fracturing interval selection. The integration of conventional and advanced logs enabled the accurate evaluation of total organic carbon (TOC), petrophysical volumes, and sweet spot selection. The advanced elemental spectroscopy data provided the mineralogy, amount of carbon presence in the rock, and consequently the associated organic carbon within the X Formation. The NMR reservoir characterization provided lithology independent total porosity. The difference between the NMR and density porosities provides additional information about organic matter. NMR data was utilized in this case study to identify and differentiate the organic matter and hydrocarbon presence within the X Formation. Acoustic and image logs provided the geomechanical properties that enable selection of the best intervals for microfrac stress measurement and proper fracture containment modeling. Geomechanical workflow allowed identification of intervals with a good stress contrast in X formation. The core data and stress measurement
{"title":"Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization for Organic Rich Unconventional Plays - A Case Study from UAE","authors":"J. Kang, Francis Eriavbe, S. Girinathan, Alyazia Mohamed, Neil Doucette, Khalil Almehsin, J. A. Alloghani, A. A. Al-Ali, Faaeza Ahmed Al Katheeri, Pranjal Bhatt, J. Franquet, G. Zhunussova, Sila Uluyuz","doi":"10.2118/197135-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197135-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Several challenges are associated with the characterization of organic rich unconventional plays, most significantly with the identification of sweet spots for optimum placement of horizontal wells, estimation of producible hydrocarbons and subsequent stimulation design. This paper presents the petrophysics and geomechanics integration approach from the X Formation and the important factors for the identification of sweet spots.\u0000 The case study concentrates on the X Formation that consists of a succession of argillaceous limestone, mostly fine grained packstones and wackestones together with subordinate calcareous shales in the lower part. The complex carbonate lithology and fabric combined with low porosity and the requirement to evaluate total organic carbon presents a challenge to conventional logs and evaluation of them. Amid all the rock properties, the low permeability and productivity dictate the requirement to stimulate the wells effectively. Detailed integration of advanced and conventional log data, core data, mud logs and geomechanical analysis plays a critical role in the evaluation and development of these organic rich unconventional reservoirs. Extensive data gathering was done with wireline logging suite, which covered Resistivitiy/Density/Neutron/Spectral GR- Acoustic logs – Resistivity & Acoustic Images – Dielectric- NMR - Advanced Elemental Spectroscopy technologies and microfrac tests to characterize the hydrocarbon potential, sweet spots and in-situ stress contrast within the organic rich X Formation. The azimuthal and transverse acoustic anisotropies were obtained from X-dipole data to fully characterize the elastic properties of the formation. The static elastic properties were obtained using empirical core correlations as triaxial core tests were not available at the time of the study. The stress profile was calibrated against straddle packer microfrac tests to identify intervals with stress contrast for proper hydraulic fracturing interval selection.\u0000 The integration of conventional and advanced logs enabled the accurate evaluation of total organic carbon (TOC), petrophysical volumes, and sweet spot selection. The advanced elemental spectroscopy data provided the mineralogy, amount of carbon presence in the rock, and consequently the associated organic carbon within the X Formation. The NMR reservoir characterization provided lithology independent total porosity. The difference between the NMR and density porosities provides additional information about organic matter. NMR data was utilized in this case study to identify and differentiate the organic matter and hydrocarbon presence within the X Formation.\u0000 Acoustic and image logs provided the geomechanical properties that enable selection of the best intervals for microfrac stress measurement and proper fracture containment modeling. Geomechanical workflow allowed identification of intervals with a good stress contrast in X formation. The core data and stress measurement","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75235766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yugay, Sergey Vorozhikhin, H. Daghmouni, Marwan Al Shamsi, Abbas Ahmed Yousef, A. S. Abdelaziz
Well Integrity issues associated with barrier degradation due to corrosion could significantly impact on production results in mature fields. Sometimes those issues may lead to the severe well control incidents during production phase affecting on the performance of the facilities nearby. This paper describes the negative trend of well control incidents, which was changed, by using innovative approach of secondary barrier evaluation for wells with compromised primary barrier envelope. The objective is to share with the audience special practice of well integrity management using multiple barrier evaluation technology to prevent loss of pressure containment (LOPC) incidents. In addition, the method allows to extend the production life of wells with sustained annulus pressure (SAP) and continue operating those wells under specific conditions and periodic monitoring instead of immediate killing and securing. This "grace period" could be granted based on the known conditions of the secondary barrier envelope until the rig become available to fix the integrity issue and restore the well barriers. Company started drilling activity in 1960's and since that time more than 4,000 wells have been drilled. All wells have carbon steel casings which serves as secondary barrier envelope in case primary barrier fail. Carbon steel easily gets corroded with time in case of insufficient protection and isolation from corrosive environment. Failure of both well barrier envelopes results in well control incidents. Uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons and other reservoir media to surface or aquifers has a strong negative HSE impact: it could be a reason for human injuries and deaths due to pressure, fire and H2S release, environment pollution, deferred production. Additionally, it is associated with unplanned increase in CAPEX and OPEX, reduction of business targets and KPI's, may cause negative impact on Company image and reputation. Innovative proactive method of secondary well barrier evaluation, successfully used to prevent well control incidents, allows Operators to find the right balance between safety and operation, and extend the production life of the wells with integrity issues without jeopardizing safety and integrity conditions in the fields. Paper illustrates how 9 well control incidents have been prevented and 14 wells with compromised primary barrier envelope were allowed to operate for a limited period of time, until the integrity issues have been fixed.
{"title":"Prevention of Well Control Incidents and Well Life Extension in Mature Fields","authors":"A. Yugay, Sergey Vorozhikhin, H. Daghmouni, Marwan Al Shamsi, Abbas Ahmed Yousef, A. S. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.2118/197474-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197474-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Well Integrity issues associated with barrier degradation due to corrosion could significantly impact on production results in mature fields. Sometimes those issues may lead to the severe well control incidents during production phase affecting on the performance of the facilities nearby. This paper describes the negative trend of well control incidents, which was changed, by using innovative approach of secondary barrier evaluation for wells with compromised primary barrier envelope. The objective is to share with the audience special practice of well integrity management using multiple barrier evaluation technology to prevent loss of pressure containment (LOPC) incidents. In addition, the method allows to extend the production life of wells with sustained annulus pressure (SAP) and continue operating those wells under specific conditions and periodic monitoring instead of immediate killing and securing. This \"grace period\" could be granted based on the known conditions of the secondary barrier envelope until the rig become available to fix the integrity issue and restore the well barriers.\u0000 Company started drilling activity in 1960's and since that time more than 4,000 wells have been drilled. All wells have carbon steel casings which serves as secondary barrier envelope in case primary barrier fail. Carbon steel easily gets corroded with time in case of insufficient protection and isolation from corrosive environment. Failure of both well barrier envelopes results in well control incidents. Uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons and other reservoir media to surface or aquifers has a strong negative HSE impact: it could be a reason for human injuries and deaths due to pressure, fire and H2S release, environment pollution, deferred production. Additionally, it is associated with unplanned increase in CAPEX and OPEX, reduction of business targets and KPI's, may cause negative impact on Company image and reputation.\u0000 Innovative proactive method of secondary well barrier evaluation, successfully used to prevent well control incidents, allows Operators to find the right balance between safety and operation, and extend the production life of the wells with integrity issues without jeopardizing safety and integrity conditions in the fields. Paper illustrates how 9 well control incidents have been prevented and 14 wells with compromised primary barrier envelope were allowed to operate for a limited period of time, until the integrity issues have been fixed.","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81071701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Awadhi, Ashok Sharma, K. Subramaniam, Saleimah Al Zeyoudi
One of the largest Air-cooled steam condensers in our plant having 16 bays & 32 fans of 4.8m diameter, was observed with high vibrations beyond 100 mm/s, resulting in equipment integrity & HSE concerns. Most importantly, 250 MT/hr of steam has to be vented to atmosphere, if the air-cooler is down. This paper presents the alternate approach adopted which resolved vibration issue, enhanced availability & improved steam system efficiency, with simple but robust solution. Performed meticulous measurement of Aircooler vibration spectrum, which includes frequency, amplitude, velocity & structural natural frequency. As motor solo-run test confirmed no inherent vibration originating from motor, analysis was imperative to find the root cause. Hence, developed ANSYS model of existing Aircooler to simulate different modes & corresponding frequencies. Analysis confirmed that high vibration was a result of resonance between structure natural frequency and motor/blade pass frequency. The results from detailed study and analysis recommended that in order to eliminate the resonance criteria, number of fan blades has to be changed from 11 to 12 and enormous amount of additional structures / bay to be added to shift the structural frequency away from its natural frequency. Total estimated cost of execution for this option is ~1 million USD for all 16 bays and require aircooler shutdown. Instead of the above ceremonial solution, a simple and easy to implement, analytical solution was recommended to locally stiffen the motor & gearbox support plates. This would minimize the vibration amplitude, reduce fatigue loading and enhance structural rigidity & integrity. The cost of this option is negligible as the modification does not involve major changes and can be executed with in-house resources. Primarily, this option can be executed without the need for Aircooler shutdown. The alternate solution has been implemented and the vibration levels have reduced considerably, ensuring aircooler Integrity. Most importantly, this approach has improved aircooler availability and avoided venting of 250T/hr of LP steam, costing ~24K USD/day. Vibrations in aircoolers not only causes HSE & integrity concerns but their unavailability leads to steam letting off. The detailed analysis and robust solution has not only improved integrity, but also avoided huge structural modification & associated cost, improved availability, eliminated steam letting down and thus enhancing steam system efficiency.
{"title":"Air Cooler Vibrations - Amplified Amplitudes, Simplified Solutions","authors":"I. A. Awadhi, Ashok Sharma, K. Subramaniam, Saleimah Al Zeyoudi","doi":"10.2118/197508-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197508-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One of the largest Air-cooled steam condensers in our plant having 16 bays & 32 fans of 4.8m diameter, was observed with high vibrations beyond 100 mm/s, resulting in equipment integrity & HSE concerns. Most importantly, 250 MT/hr of steam has to be vented to atmosphere, if the air-cooler is down. This paper presents the alternate approach adopted which resolved vibration issue, enhanced availability & improved steam system efficiency, with simple but robust solution.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Performed meticulous measurement of Aircooler vibration spectrum, which includes frequency, amplitude, velocity & structural natural frequency. As motor solo-run test confirmed no inherent vibration originating from motor, analysis was imperative to find the root cause. Hence, developed ANSYS model of existing Aircooler to simulate different modes & corresponding frequencies. Analysis confirmed that high vibration was a result of resonance between structure natural frequency and motor/blade pass frequency.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results from detailed study and analysis recommended that in order to eliminate the resonance criteria, number of fan blades has to be changed from 11 to 12 and enormous amount of additional structures / bay to be added to shift the structural frequency away from its natural frequency. Total estimated cost of execution for this option is ~1 million USD for all 16 bays and require aircooler shutdown.\u0000 Instead of the above ceremonial solution, a simple and easy to implement, analytical solution was recommended to locally stiffen the motor & gearbox support plates. This would minimize the vibration amplitude, reduce fatigue loading and enhance structural rigidity & integrity. The cost of this option is negligible as the modification does not involve major changes and can be executed with in-house resources. Primarily, this option can be executed without the need for Aircooler shutdown.\u0000 The alternate solution has been implemented and the vibration levels have reduced considerably, ensuring aircooler Integrity. Most importantly, this approach has improved aircooler availability and avoided venting of 250T/hr of LP steam, costing ~24K USD/day.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vibrations in aircoolers not only causes HSE & integrity concerns but their unavailability leads to steam letting off. The detailed analysis and robust solution has not only improved integrity, but also avoided huge structural modification & associated cost, improved availability, eliminated steam letting down and thus enhancing steam system efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74987037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Selvaraju, Viswanth Ramba, Senthilmurugan Subbiha, R. Uppaluri, P. Dubey, Amol Musale
A new system architecture is developed to provide decision aids on the prediction and prevention of downhole problems related to inadequate hole-cleaning and wellbore stability. The developed adoptive algorithm includes model calibration, real-time monitoring and alarm generation module when an anomaly is detected. An innovative approach is proposed to develop an unsteady state one-dimensional wellbore model, and model is capable do the real-time calculation of equivalent circulation density (ECD), and standpipe pressure drop (SPP). The one-dimensional wellbore model is developed by integrating different sections of the mudflow. The unsteady one-dimensional wellbore model is integrated with Hershel-Bulkley model to predict both equivalent circulation density, and standpipe pressure drop (SPP), wherein the model parameter of the empirical equations are tuned to adapt to different types of rigs, mud systems, formations, and drilling scenarios. The mathematical model is first tuned with available historical data of the same well. Henceforth, the tuned model is used for monitoring the SPP and ECD profile across different sections of the wellbore. The developed model is successfully tested in the oil field for real-time monitoring of ECD and SPP. The tuned model found to be capable of predicting the SPP below 5% error. The monitoring procedure of drilling activity was improved with a calibrated mathematical model. The system was able to detect the downhole problems related to hole-cleaning and hydraulic management, namely, excessive ECD, cutting accumulation in wellbore annulus and the possibility of stuck and kick in real-time. The false alarm generation due to sensor fault is found to be one of the challenging issues to resolve. Further, we observed that the data reconciliation and preprocessing of real-time sensor data could reduce false alarm for downhole complications. Further model accuracy can be improved by improving the accuracy of the sensors used for mud density, mud loss, and cutting size. Unlike previous research works, in this work the annulus section of wellbore is divided into many small Continuous Stirred Tanks (CST) (i.e. Dynamic lumped parameter model) and they are connected in series to improve the accuracy of cutting transport model (i.e. to consider spatial variation of cutting concentration along the depth of the wellbore). Further simplified one-dimensional unsteady state wellbore model can be used for real-time calculation
{"title":"An Innovative System Architecture for Real-Time Monitoring and Alarming for Cutting Transport in Oil Well Drilling","authors":"S. Selvaraju, Viswanth Ramba, Senthilmurugan Subbiha, R. Uppaluri, P. Dubey, Amol Musale","doi":"10.2118/197870-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197870-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new system architecture is developed to provide decision aids on the prediction and prevention of downhole problems related to inadequate hole-cleaning and wellbore stability. The developed adoptive algorithm includes model calibration, real-time monitoring and alarm generation module when an anomaly is detected. An innovative approach is proposed to develop an unsteady state one-dimensional wellbore model, and model is capable do the real-time calculation of equivalent circulation density (ECD), and standpipe pressure drop (SPP).\u0000 The one-dimensional wellbore model is developed by integrating different sections of the mudflow. The unsteady one-dimensional wellbore model is integrated with Hershel-Bulkley model to predict both equivalent circulation density, and standpipe pressure drop (SPP), wherein the model parameter of the empirical equations are tuned to adapt to different types of rigs, mud systems, formations, and drilling scenarios. The mathematical model is first tuned with available historical data of the same well. Henceforth, the tuned model is used for monitoring the SPP and ECD profile across different sections of the wellbore.\u0000 The developed model is successfully tested in the oil field for real-time monitoring of ECD and SPP. The tuned model found to be capable of predicting the SPP below 5% error. The monitoring procedure of drilling activity was improved with a calibrated mathematical model. The system was able to detect the downhole problems related to hole-cleaning and hydraulic management, namely, excessive ECD, cutting accumulation in wellbore annulus and the possibility of stuck and kick in real-time. The false alarm generation due to sensor fault is found to be one of the challenging issues to resolve. Further, we observed that the data reconciliation and preprocessing of real-time sensor data could reduce false alarm for downhole complications. Further model accuracy can be improved by improving the accuracy of the sensors used for mud density, mud loss, and cutting size.\u0000 Unlike previous research works, in this work the annulus section of wellbore is divided into many small Continuous Stirred Tanks (CST) (i.e. Dynamic lumped parameter model) and they are connected in series to improve the accuracy of cutting transport model (i.e. to consider spatial variation of cutting concentration along the depth of the wellbore). Further simplified one-dimensional unsteady state wellbore model can be used for real-time calculation","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73104662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justine Lamy, Akio Mizukami, Cécile Millet, G. Néel, Nicolas Bouchart
In recent years, Oil and Gas operators have faced new challenges with higher H2S partial pressure wells, especially in the Middle East. NACE MR 0175 part III provides guidance on the material selection for Corrosion Resistant Alloys; however, the well conditions considered by the Operator (total pressure 5526 psi, 1044 psi H2S, 279°F) are on the border of the UNS N08028 / UNS N08825 application domain, and therefore the recommendation would be to use a higher alloy, UNS N06985 material. This paper describes a methodology to perform fine material selection for such critical conditions considering the representativeness of the testing condition and specific laboratory testing to qualify a suitable material for the intended application. The objective was to evaluate the suitability of UNS N08028 and UNS N08825 material 110 ksi in the conditions described above. Based on actual reservoir conditions and fluid analysis, the test solution was defined to represent actual corrosiveness of the environment. Solution components, gas phases and in situ pH were defined using OLI® Stream Analyzer Thermodynamic software to reach the specified conditions at the test temperatures. Then, Stress Corrosion Cracking was assessed based on SSRT (Slow Strain Rate Test) as per NACE TM 0198-2016 [9], a rather conservative test as the material is stressed in its plastic domain; and C-ring as per NACE TM 0177-2016 [12], performed on rolled material to be representative of the final material surface finish. All SSRT specimens showed a high ductility ratio and the absence of secondary cracking on the gauge section on both grades. All SCC C-ring specimens exposed to the environment successfully completed 720 hours exposure on both grades. Both UNS N08028 and UNS N08825 materials successfully passed the SSRT and C-ring tests, allowing the Operator to optimize the material selection by choosing a grade specifically qualified for their application and reducing the overall tubular cost by 30%.
{"title":"Qualification of UNS N08028 and UNS N08825 Material as a Cost-Effective Solution for Extreme Sour Environment","authors":"Justine Lamy, Akio Mizukami, Cécile Millet, G. Néel, Nicolas Bouchart","doi":"10.2118/197572-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197572-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, Oil and Gas operators have faced new challenges with higher H2S partial pressure wells, especially in the Middle East. NACE MR 0175 part III provides guidance on the material selection for Corrosion Resistant Alloys; however, the well conditions considered by the Operator (total pressure 5526 psi, 1044 psi H2S, 279°F) are on the border of the UNS N08028 / UNS N08825 application domain, and therefore the recommendation would be to use a higher alloy, UNS N06985 material.\u0000 This paper describes a methodology to perform fine material selection for such critical conditions considering the representativeness of the testing condition and specific laboratory testing to qualify a suitable material for the intended application.\u0000 The objective was to evaluate the suitability of UNS N08028 and UNS N08825 material 110 ksi in the conditions described above. Based on actual reservoir conditions and fluid analysis, the test solution was defined to represent actual corrosiveness of the environment. Solution components, gas phases and in situ pH were defined using OLI® Stream Analyzer Thermodynamic software to reach the specified conditions at the test temperatures. Then, Stress Corrosion Cracking was assessed based on SSRT (Slow Strain Rate Test) as per NACE TM 0198-2016 [9], a rather conservative test as the material is stressed in its plastic domain; and C-ring as per NACE TM 0177-2016 [12], performed on rolled material to be representative of the final material surface finish.\u0000 All SSRT specimens showed a high ductility ratio and the absence of secondary cracking on the gauge section on both grades. All SCC C-ring specimens exposed to the environment successfully completed 720 hours exposure on both grades. Both UNS N08028 and UNS N08825 materials successfully passed the SSRT and C-ring tests, allowing the Operator to optimize the material selection by choosing a grade specifically qualified for their application and reducing the overall tubular cost by 30%.","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73281624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To drive optimal levels of success coupled with ensuring sustained increased levels of efficient work related performance deliverables, the Finance Directorate (FD) Leadership Team of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) conceptualized determining sufficient numbers of high performing employees to ensure of this sustainment across Finance. To this end from a successful CP (Contracts and Procurement – in Finance) pilot of 2015, high performing talented FD staff were identified through the FD Integrated Talent Management (ITM), a successful tool that provides means of identifying, selecting, developing & retaining top talent within our predominantly Finance organization. These high competent candidates are developed with essential skills and further stretched henceforth holding uniquely valued company competencies. The implementation of an end-to-end systematic approach where qualitative and in some parts quantitative data could now be determined to Plan, Assess, Develop, Mobilize & Retain our most talented employees. In summary, this methodology would ensure objective deep insights about employees, their goals & aspirations, strengths and weaknesses, abilities, likes and dislikes & what the flight risk of staff could entail. It would provide better investment decisions on where to steer employees towards learning and development. It would ensure developing of strategies to ensure retaining of employees through the possibility of more senior job opportunities, external assignments and even internal within PDO exposure to other directorates etc. henceforth ensuring a more committed engaged productive workforce. In summary and as a result of the Hackett findings (an international external benchmarking report) which concluded in 2014 noting that PDO Finance with the ITM process in place is World Class, the ITM helped tremendously in understanding/assessing the Finance Directorate staff to enable more candid feedback, identify underperformers to provide support either through development and/or reassignment, define talent pools to provide more targeted development, develop better succession plans to define career paths and develop flight risk matrixes to proactively manage retention. In effect employee engagement was significantly improved and further alignment of the PDO Leadership behaviours during the management of the ITM exercise was strengthened where staff were expected to demonstrate these as well as two other behaviours to improve performance and maximize potential and was/is paramount to facilitate organizational growth and business continuity. Furthermore understanding staffs’ potential & capabilities greatly improved the Finance Depts’ attrition rates to single digit percentage. Previous to this it had the alarmingly potential risk of attrition being and remaining in double digit numbers. The ITM’s effective systematic approach would enable us to deliver stretch business goals and world-class services for the immediate now
{"title":"Integrated Talent Management","authors":"Fatma Al Barwani","doi":"10.2118/197493-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197493-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To drive optimal levels of success coupled with ensuring sustained increased levels of efficient work related performance deliverables, the Finance Directorate (FD) Leadership Team of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) conceptualized determining sufficient numbers of high performing employees to ensure of this sustainment across Finance. To this end from a successful CP (Contracts and Procurement – in Finance) pilot of 2015, high performing talented FD staff were identified through the FD Integrated Talent Management (ITM), a successful tool that provides means of identifying, selecting, developing & retaining top talent within our predominantly Finance organization. These high competent candidates are developed with essential skills and further stretched henceforth holding uniquely valued company competencies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The implementation of an end-to-end systematic approach where qualitative and in some parts quantitative data could now be determined to Plan, Assess, Develop, Mobilize & Retain our most talented employees. In summary, this methodology would ensure objective deep insights about employees, their goals & aspirations, strengths and weaknesses, abilities, likes and dislikes & what the flight risk of staff could entail. It would provide better investment decisions on where to steer employees towards learning and development. It would ensure developing of strategies to ensure retaining of employees through the possibility of more senior job opportunities, external assignments and even internal within PDO exposure to other directorates etc. henceforth ensuring a more committed engaged productive workforce.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In summary and as a result of the Hackett findings (an international external benchmarking report) which concluded in 2014 noting that PDO Finance with the ITM process in place is World Class, the ITM helped tremendously in understanding/assessing the Finance Directorate staff to enable more candid feedback, identify underperformers to provide support either through development and/or reassignment, define talent pools to provide more targeted development, develop better succession plans to define career paths and develop flight risk matrixes to proactively manage retention.\u0000 In effect employee engagement was significantly improved and further alignment of the PDO Leadership behaviours during the management of the ITM exercise was strengthened where staff were expected to demonstrate these as well as two other behaviours to improve performance and maximize potential and was/is paramount to facilitate organizational growth and business continuity. Furthermore understanding staffs’ potential & capabilities greatly improved the Finance Depts’ attrition rates to single digit percentage. Previous to this it had the alarmingly potential risk of attrition being and remaining in double digit numbers. The ITM’s effective systematic approach would enable us to deliver stretch business goals and world-class services for the immediate now ","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77621887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waneya Abdulla Al Ktebi, S. Sajjad, Eisa Al Jenaibi
ADNOC Gas Processing, in its journey towards energy excellence, has adopted a novel in-house methodology for energy performance benchmarking. This methodology is primarily focused to unit & equipment level performance comparison, to identify gaps and highlight opportunities for improvement following the best international practices. Benchmarking is an evaluation of any aspect by comparing it with a standard or any other reference at different levels and scales. Generally, in an Oil & Gas Industry, auxiliary boilers mainly consume natural gas to produce steam for process heating. Energy performance of boilers is susceptible to decline due to several reasons and results in reduced efficiency. Owing to the significance of auxiliary boilers energy performance in the overall energy efficiency of gas processing, ADNOC Gas Processing conducted an in-house energy performance benchmarking of auxiliary boilers installed at its multiple sites. Energy performance of total twenty five (25) auxiliary boilers was analyzed and evaluated in terms of different indices, to examine their current performance and benchmark it with other boilers for potential improvements. Benchmarking also assessed overall steam and condensate systems. Opportunities for improvement were observed in areas of process optimization, best practices and CAPEX based energy efficiency initiatives. Benchmarking exercise revealed energy savings opportunities in flue gases excess oxygen optimization, make-up water management, energy recovery from pressure letdown stations, waste heat recovery and steam traps audits. Study also highlighted areas of improvement in performance monitoring encompassing metering, sustained optimization and continual improvement.
{"title":"Auxiliary Boilers Energy Performance Benchmarking","authors":"Waneya Abdulla Al Ktebi, S. Sajjad, Eisa Al Jenaibi","doi":"10.2118/197354-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197354-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ADNOC Gas Processing, in its journey towards energy excellence, has adopted a novel in-house methodology for energy performance benchmarking. This methodology is primarily focused to unit & equipment level performance comparison, to identify gaps and highlight opportunities for improvement following the best international practices. Benchmarking is an evaluation of any aspect by comparing it with a standard or any other reference at different levels and scales. Generally, in an Oil & Gas Industry, auxiliary boilers mainly consume natural gas to produce steam for process heating. Energy performance of boilers is susceptible to decline due to several reasons and results in reduced efficiency. Owing to the significance of auxiliary boilers energy performance in the overall energy efficiency of gas processing, ADNOC Gas Processing conducted an in-house energy performance benchmarking of auxiliary boilers installed at its multiple sites.\u0000 Energy performance of total twenty five (25) auxiliary boilers was analyzed and evaluated in terms of different indices, to examine their current performance and benchmark it with other boilers for potential improvements. Benchmarking also assessed overall steam and condensate systems. Opportunities for improvement were observed in areas of process optimization, best practices and CAPEX based energy efficiency initiatives. Benchmarking exercise revealed energy savings opportunities in flue gases excess oxygen optimization, make-up water management, energy recovery from pressure letdown stations, waste heat recovery and steam traps audits. Study also highlighted areas of improvement in performance monitoring encompassing metering, sustained optimization and continual improvement.","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81266646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluid PVT is crucial to production of a petroleum reservoir. A complete PVT study requires high quality experimental measurement combined with subsequent efforts in PVT modelling. In contrast with the relatively matured PVT study for conventional reservoirs, PVT study for shale has a number of challenges. It is difficult to get representative fluid samples; and there are various speculations on how porous media can influence fluid PVT. For modeling shale PVT, it is necessary to consider the wall effects of the rock, mainly in terms of capillary pressure and adsorption. This requires robust algorithms as well as adequate procedures to integrate available experimental information into PVT modeling. Previously, we developed equilibrium calculation algorithms with capillary pressure and adsorption and modelled adsorption equilibrium in shale. Here we further integrate them into a PVT tool for PVT simulation, analysis of shale production, and gas injection in shale. The core module in the PVT calculation is flash with capillary pressure and adsorption. A robust flash module forms the basis of PVT simulation. The capillary pressure is described through the Young-Laplace equation. For adsorption, it requires a proper workflow to bridge the limited experimental measurement and the final modeling covering a wider range of hydrocarbons. It is recommended to model the available adsorption data for light gases using a theoretical adsorption model, and then extrapolate the model parameters to heavier hydrocarbons. The generated data from the theoretical model is then fitted to the simplified and more computationally convenient Langmuir model. The flash module can also be integrated into a slimtube simulator to study the porous media effects on gas injection applications. Capillary pressure alone lowers the bubble point pressure and the extent is system dependent. Nevertheless, even for systems with a moderate decrease, the change in the PVT properties in the two-phase region cannot be overlooked. Selective adsorption alters the bulk fluid composition and lowers the heavy components concentration in general. Adsorption is generally more pronounced in the gas region whereas capillary pressure is usually more obvious in the liquid region. Regarding the influence of capillary pressure on gas injection, it can be shown that the recoveries at pressures below the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) are changed; however, the MMP does not seem to be affected due to the vanishing of capillarity effects. For the gas injection including adsorption, the results show that the recovery decreases if adsorption is considered. This is mainly due to adsorption of heavy components, and desorption of lighter components during the process. The heavy components stay in the adsorbed phase, and will not likely be recovered even at high injection pressures. The present study integrates our previous results on algorithms and modeling into a PVT tool for analyzing shale production. It
{"title":"Phase Equilibrium in Shale Including Porous Media Effects","authors":"D. Lemus, Wei Yan, E. Stenby","doi":"10.2118/197278-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197278-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fluid PVT is crucial to production of a petroleum reservoir. A complete PVT study requires high quality experimental measurement combined with subsequent efforts in PVT modelling. In contrast with the relatively matured PVT study for conventional reservoirs, PVT study for shale has a number of challenges. It is difficult to get representative fluid samples; and there are various speculations on how porous media can influence fluid PVT. For modeling shale PVT, it is necessary to consider the wall effects of the rock, mainly in terms of capillary pressure and adsorption. This requires robust algorithms as well as adequate procedures to integrate available experimental information into PVT modeling. Previously, we developed equilibrium calculation algorithms with capillary pressure and adsorption and modelled adsorption equilibrium in shale. Here we further integrate them into a PVT tool for PVT simulation, analysis of shale production, and gas injection in shale. The core module in the PVT calculation is flash with capillary pressure and adsorption. A robust flash module forms the basis of PVT simulation. The capillary pressure is described through the Young-Laplace equation. For adsorption, it requires a proper workflow to bridge the limited experimental measurement and the final modeling covering a wider range of hydrocarbons. It is recommended to model the available adsorption data for light gases using a theoretical adsorption model, and then extrapolate the model parameters to heavier hydrocarbons. The generated data from the theoretical model is then fitted to the simplified and more computationally convenient Langmuir model. The flash module can also be integrated into a slimtube simulator to study the porous media effects on gas injection applications. Capillary pressure alone lowers the bubble point pressure and the extent is system dependent. Nevertheless, even for systems with a moderate decrease, the change in the PVT properties in the two-phase region cannot be overlooked. Selective adsorption alters the bulk fluid composition and lowers the heavy components concentration in general. Adsorption is generally more pronounced in the gas region whereas capillary pressure is usually more obvious in the liquid region. Regarding the influence of capillary pressure on gas injection, it can be shown that the recoveries at pressures below the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) are changed; however, the MMP does not seem to be affected due to the vanishing of capillarity effects. For the gas injection including adsorption, the results show that the recovery decreases if adsorption is considered. This is mainly due to adsorption of heavy components, and desorption of lighter components during the process. The heavy components stay in the adsorbed phase, and will not likely be recovered even at high injection pressures. The present study integrates our previous results on algorithms and modeling into a PVT tool for analyzing shale production. It ","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87697349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global growing energy demand driving the industry attention towards unconventional oil/gas resources due to limited conventional resources. Huge reserves of unconventional makes them promising and draw the industry attention, however oil/gas is stored in micro to nano scale pores with poor connectivity. It is very essential however difficult to quantify the flow characteristics in porous media in unconventional reservoirs due to complex pore network, irregular geometry of pore throat and non-homogeneous pore size distribution. Various experimental techniques to determine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pore systems have been studied including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro/nano computed tomography (XCT), and fluid invasion (mercury injection capillary pressure and gas adsorption/desorption). The comparison analysis of results has been carried out that exhibited the ability of these techniques to get the information about the pore size distribution and limitations for different pore sizes. Best and reliable technique for characterizing the pore structures in unconventional has been identified. SEM and FE-SEM are only able to provide the qualitative parameters for pore morphology, distribution and connectivity of pores. Three-dimensional image of pore structure and network could be studied through micro-CT scan images however, its high expense and huge processing time due to observation of small region at certain resolution make its use limited. Nitrogen adsorption is only able to study the micropores in tight sandstones but it destructive nature limits its usage. Pressure controlled mercury porosimeter technique is not able to determine the microporosity directly and determine the throat. It does not provide pore throat distribution. Application of high pressure may damage the pore structure. However, this mercury injection constant pressure rate can be applied for yielding both pore sizes and capillary pressure of pore throats. Both small throat and large pore body can be investigated through this technique, but this technique has limitation in maximum injection pressure. NMR is able to provide the qualitative and quantitative delineation of pore structures features such as pore throat distribution, sizes, and pore fluid saturation, total and effective porosity, and permeability directly if supplemented with other techniques. Detailed analyses of different analytical techniques resulted that none of the technique is able to fully characterize the pore structure of unconventional tight rocks. Combination of more than one technique is the best solution for complete description and accurate determination of pore structure characteristics.
{"title":"A Review of Pore Structure Characterization of Unconventional Tight Reservoirs","authors":"A. Mustafa, M. Mahmoud, A. Abdulraheem","doi":"10.2118/197825-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197825-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The global growing energy demand driving the industry attention towards unconventional oil/gas resources due to limited conventional resources. Huge reserves of unconventional makes them promising and draw the industry attention, however oil/gas is stored in micro to nano scale pores with poor connectivity. It is very essential however difficult to quantify the flow characteristics in porous media in unconventional reservoirs due to complex pore network, irregular geometry of pore throat and non-homogeneous pore size distribution.\u0000 Various experimental techniques to determine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pore systems have been studied including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), micro/nano computed tomography (XCT), and fluid invasion (mercury injection capillary pressure and gas adsorption/desorption). The comparison analysis of results has been carried out that exhibited the ability of these techniques to get the information about the pore size distribution and limitations for different pore sizes. Best and reliable technique for characterizing the pore structures in unconventional has been identified.\u0000 SEM and FE-SEM are only able to provide the qualitative parameters for pore morphology, distribution and connectivity of pores. Three-dimensional image of pore structure and network could be studied through micro-CT scan images however, its high expense and huge processing time due to observation of small region at certain resolution make its use limited. Nitrogen adsorption is only able to study the micropores in tight sandstones but it destructive nature limits its usage. Pressure controlled mercury porosimeter technique is not able to determine the microporosity directly and determine the throat. It does not provide pore throat distribution. Application of high pressure may damage the pore structure. However, this mercury injection constant pressure rate can be applied for yielding both pore sizes and capillary pressure of pore throats. Both small throat and large pore body can be investigated through this technique, but this technique has limitation in maximum injection pressure. NMR is able to provide the qualitative and quantitative delineation of pore structures features such as pore throat distribution, sizes, and pore fluid saturation, total and effective porosity, and permeability directly if supplemented with other techniques.\u0000 Detailed analyses of different analytical techniques resulted that none of the technique is able to fully characterize the pore structure of unconventional tight rocks. Combination of more than one technique is the best solution for complete description and accurate determination of pore structure characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79100691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poorva Kulkarni, Saud Al Hammadi, Osama Al Zbeidi, Meera Al Marzooqi
Company conducted a Fatigue Risk Assessment Study to estimate the fatigue levels of approximately 9000 shifts and the risk of incidents occurring due to operator fatigue. The findings provided an insight into the likelihood of fatigue and risk of errors / incidents occurring for approximately 9000 shifts of control panel operators working on a 4×4, 12-hour, day and night shift pattern. The results presented in this paper are limited to the assessment conducted for day shifts in order to demonstrate the methodology. The study compared different shift patterns in order to identify shifts with higher fatigue levels and identify control measures to reduce operators’ fatigue levels and risk of incidents occurring to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). Lowest fatigue and risk levels were identified for the current 4×4 shifts in comparison to 7×7 and 28×28 shift cycles followed by other Companies. In order, to lower the risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), additional control measures such as training, campaigns, ergonomic assessments, KPIs such as tracking incidents by fatigue levels, etc. are being rolled-out for implementation. This is a novel approach on the combination of a qualitative (IOGP) and quantitative (UK HSE) fatigue risk assessment methodology that has widespread applicability, prospectively in terms of shift design and prevention of incidents caused by fatigue induced impairments and retrospectively for incident investigations. This Fatigue Risk Assessment Study fosters proactive occupational health management by promoting health of employees and preventing / reducing fatigue and thus plays a vital role in the prevention of sickness absenteeism and illnesses associated with chronic fatigue.
{"title":"Proactive Management of Occupational Health using Fatigue Risk Assessment","authors":"Poorva Kulkarni, Saud Al Hammadi, Osama Al Zbeidi, Meera Al Marzooqi","doi":"10.2118/197671-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/197671-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Company conducted a Fatigue Risk Assessment Study to estimate the fatigue levels of approximately 9000 shifts and the risk of incidents occurring due to operator fatigue.\u0000 The findings provided an insight into the likelihood of fatigue and risk of errors / incidents occurring for approximately 9000 shifts of control panel operators working on a 4×4, 12-hour, day and night shift pattern. The results presented in this paper are limited to the assessment conducted for day shifts in order to demonstrate the methodology.\u0000 The study compared different shift patterns in order to identify shifts with higher fatigue levels and identify control measures to reduce operators’ fatigue levels and risk of incidents occurring to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).\u0000 Lowest fatigue and risk levels were identified for the current 4×4 shifts in comparison to 7×7 and 28×28 shift cycles followed by other Companies. In order, to lower the risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), additional control measures such as training, campaigns, ergonomic assessments, KPIs such as tracking incidents by fatigue levels, etc. are being rolled-out for implementation.\u0000 This is a novel approach on the combination of a qualitative (IOGP) and quantitative (UK HSE) fatigue risk assessment methodology that has widespread applicability, prospectively in terms of shift design and prevention of incidents caused by fatigue induced impairments and retrospectively for incident investigations.\u0000 This Fatigue Risk Assessment Study fosters proactive occupational health management by promoting health of employees and preventing / reducing fatigue and thus plays a vital role in the prevention of sickness absenteeism and illnesses associated with chronic fatigue.","PeriodicalId":11091,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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