Energy Storage最新文献

The transportation sector is the backbone of the economic growth of any country. However, the heavy dependence of this sector on petroleum fuel is a matter of concern for sustainable development. To address this issue countries are working toward green energy-based transportation, and among all viable solutions electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as front runners. Range anxiety is one of the most prominent concerns in EV adoption. The range of a vehicle depends on the energy consumption so it becomes crucial to estimate it very precisely. There are many standard drive cycles such as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycles (WLTC) which are used for the estimation of energy consumption. However, these standard cycles fail to capture the driving behavior of real traffic. Due to this reason, these standard cycles underestimate the energy consumption compared with actual consumption. For more realistic energy requirement estimations, researchers are focusing on the development of real-world drive cycles specific to a particular geography. In this paper, a real-world drive cycle of electric two-wheeler has been developed for the city of Lucknow, India, and compared with the driving characteristics and energy consumption estimates of WLTC. The energy requirement per km for the Lucknow drive cycle and WLTC are found as 14.89 Wh/km and 11.95 Wh/km, respectively, which indicates per km energy required estimation for LDC is 24.60% higher than WLTC.

Due to some specific properties of adiponitrile (ADN) including high oxidative stability and high flash point, it is proposed as co-solvent with an ionic liquid (IL) as a promising electrolyte solvent for application in magnesium batteries. Herein, we report a flexible film of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) comprising a polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) in which a liquid electrolyte of Mg-trifluoromethane sulfonate (Mg-triflate) in the mixture of ADN:IL (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate, EMITf) is immobilized for use in Mg-batteries. The structural/morphological properties of the GPE film have been characterized via different physical techniques. The high ionic conductivity (σ_RT = 5.9 mS cm⁻¹), wide potential range of oxidative stability (~4.18 V vs. Mg/Mg²⁺), high Mg-ion transport number (t_Mg²⁺ = 0.67) and thermal stability up to ~160°C ascertain the compatibility of electrolyte film in magnesium batteries with high voltage cathode materials. The comparative studies of the interfacial-stability and Mg-stripping/plating tests on the two symmetrical cells with Mg and Mg/MWCNTs nanocomposite electrodes show the improved reversibility of the electrolyte film with Mg-MWCNTs powder as anode material, compared with pure Mg-powder. The overall results indicate that the GPE based on binary solvent mixture ADN:IL is high performance flexible electrolyte for Mg-batteries with Mg-MWCNTs powder as anode material.

Metal hydrides enable excellent thermal energy storage due to their high energy density, extended storage capability, and cost-effective operation. A metal hydride-driven storage system couples two reactors that assist in thermochemical storage using cyclic operation. Metal hydride reactors, operating at both low and high temperatures, serve for the storage of hydrogen and thermal energy, respectively. The integration of efficient thermal energy storage technology is known to enhance the efficiency of solar thermal systems. In this regard, during the peak hours of solar energy, the high-temperature supply heat can be utilized to store hydrogen gas in the low-temperature reactor, which simultaneously facilitates energy storage in the high-temperature reactor. Moreover, the temperature and energy released from the reactors are highly dependent on the pressure of the gas. As a result, installing a compressor between the low and high-temperature metal hydride reactors can help generate additional outputs, such as a cooling effect. This paper conducts a thermodynamic analysis to assess the system's performance, considering parameters such as thermal storage efficiency, coefficient of performance (COP), and COP_CCH (combined cooling and heating based COP). Moreover, the performance analysis was carried out for two cases, that is, high-temperature titanium hydride (TiH₂) and magnesium hydride (MgH₂). The results show that MgH₂ and TiH₂ achieve a maximum COP_CCH of 1.08 and 0.9, respectively, and system storage efficiency of 76.15% and 74.34%, respectively. In spite of having lower efficiency than MgH₂, the TiH₂-based system has the ability to recover heat at a very high temperature.

The goal of the current study is to determine how the SST $��k�-�\omega �$ and the standard $��k�-�\varepsilon �$ turbulence models prediction on PCM with cylindrical configuration affect AC performance and PCM discharging when coupled with an AC unit. For simulation, 308.15 K and 318.15 K, the inflow air temperature has been considered with a fixed 33.6 L/s intake air flow rate. The low outside temperature charges the PCMs during the night. During the daytime, heated ambient air is cooled by the PCM heat exchanger before passing over the unit condenser. The present outcomes show that using the standard $��k�-�\epsilon �$ model, the cylindrical PCM has the lowest time of complete melting. The temperature contours demonstrate that turbulence occurs, particularly at higher temperatures, in the PCM melting zone within the solid region. This implies that there is increased convection in this area. The maximum improved percentage in COP increases as the rising input air temperature for both turbulence models increases. The average power saving of AC at 308.15 K of an input air temperature for 83.33 min is predicted by both the standard $��k�-�\varepsilon �$ and the SST $��k�-�\omega �$ to be 14.0905 W and 14.1089 W, respectively.

This review explores the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) waste in the fabrication of graphene and its applications in hydrogen storage. Several LCB wastes, such as rice straws, coconut shells, wheat straws, and sugarcane bagasse, along with the methodology used and the characteristics of the final graphene, have been discussed in detail. It was found that the coconut shells produced crumpled multilayered graphene, rice husks (RHs) provided a mix of graphene layers and amorphous carbon, wheat straw yielded few-layered graphene, and sugarcane bagasse contributed to different graphene-like materials. This review has also focused on the various synthesis processes, such as carbonization, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), chemical activation, pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and Hummers' method for graphene fabrication from LCB waste, along with their advantages and disadvantages, for a better understanding. Various results have been discussed exploring the use of lignocellulosic biomass-derived graphene (LCB-G) and its various modified forms for hydrogen storage applications. Various challenges in graphene fabrication from LCB, such as low yield, product quality, scalability, use of expensive synthesis methods, and toxic chemicals, along with some potential solutions, have been mentioned. Finally, the review concludes with insights into the future of LCB-G and its role in hydrogen storage while identifying some gaps, such as scalability and product quality, for further research and development.

In the current work, carbon materials were used in the hydrogen adsorption process, specifically as carbons doped with platinum dispersed on ceria. The textural characterization results of the prepared samples and the starting carbon showed the presence of both micro- and mesopores. On the other hand, it has been observed that the specific areas were inversely proportional to the CeO₂ loading. In addition, the amount of adsorbed hydrogen increased after doping the carbon with platinum and, even more, when the carbon was doped with Pt dispersed on ceria (2.2 mg/g at 25°C and 30 bar). However, there was a ceria optimum from which the adsorption capacity decreased (10% wt). The results of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen indicated a high affinity between Pt and H₂ that enhanced H₂ adsorption process by establishing chemical bonds between the metal particles and H₂. Precisely, the presence of metallic Pt particles dispersed on ceria considerably promotes the spillover process of hydrogen on carbon. This can be confirmed by hydrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, that showed that complete desorption of chemisorbed hydrogen required an increase of temperature.

Despite being a cutting-edge technology, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generates a lot of heat as it works, which makes it wasteful with energy. In order to enhance energy efficiency via waste heat recovery, we provide and analyze a novel integrated energy system that utilizes PEMFC and ORC technology. There are a lot of ways to put the waste heat from fuel cells (FCs) to good use, but the most efficient one is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with the right working fluid. This research aims to find the optimal way to use the waste heat of the FC by testing several working fluids. The optimal solution is derived using a genetic algorithm by monitoring the objective functions that characterize the system's overall performance as they vary across different system parameters. The results show that the proposed efficient integration achieves high energy and exergy efficiency levels and achieves rates of total cost and environmental impact that are within acceptable limits. Since the fuel usage element's content significantly affects the system indicators in several ways, the results also demonstrate that it is quite relevant. Since the exergo-environmental metric and the exergy efficiency meter are always moving in different directions, choosing a design condition that meets several requirements is crucial. According to the results, fuel cells had the highest irreversibility rate at 12.2, making them the most energy-conserving piece of machinery.

The design and development of a 550 W non-isolated single-phase two-stage level-1 bidirectional on-board battery charger (OBC) for electric vehicles (EVs) have been discussed in this article, which is also capable of supplying the utility grid's reactive power needs. There are two stages in this topology. The first stage consists of a full bridge bidirectional AC to DC converter, and the second stage consists of a half-bridge bidirectional DC to DC converter with enhanced vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) capabilities for emergency roadside charging assistance scenarios. In an emergency, if there is not a charging station nearby and the battery is dead, EVs can use this feature to charge from other EVs. It can also work like a regular vehicle-to-grid (V2G) or grid-to-vehicle (G2V) system. The suggested charging topology has a maximum efficiency of 99.09%, a power factor of 0.99, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 6.31%. MATLAB/Simulink is used to develop and simulate the suggested EV charger, and simulation results are compared with the other on-board chargers in the literature.