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Stabilizing High-Nickel Cathodes via Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding Effects Using a Hydrofluoric Acid-Scavenging Separator 利用氢氟酸清除分离器通过界面氢键效应稳定高镍阴极
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.025

Nickel-rich layered Li transition metal oxides are the most promising cathode materials for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, they exhibit rapid capacity degradation induced by transition metal dissolution and structural reconstruction, which are associated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) generation from lithium hexafluorophosphate decomposition. The potential for thermal runaway during the working process poses another challenge. Separators are promising components to alleviate the aforementioned obstacles. Herein, an ultrathin double-layered separator with a 10 μm polyimide (PI) basement and a 2 μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) coating layer is designed and fabricated by combining a non-solvent induced phase inversion process and coating method. The PI skeleton provides good stability against potential thermal shrinkage, and the strong PI–PVDF bonding endows the composite separator with robust structural integrity; these characteristics jointly contribute to the extraordinary mechanical tolerance of the separator at elevated temperatures. Additionally, unique HF-scavenging effects are achieved with the formation of –CO···H–F hydrogen bonds for the abundant HF coordination sites provided by the imide ring; hence, the layered Ni-rich cathodes are protected from HF attack, which ultimately reduces transition metal dissolution and facilitates long-term cyclability of the Ni-rich cathodes. Li||NCM811 batteries (where “NCM” indicates LiNixCoyMn1−xyO2) with the proposed composite separator exhibit a 90.6% capacity retention after 400 cycles at room temperature and remain sustainable at 60 °C with a 91.4% capacity retention after 200 cycles. By adopting a new perspective on separators, this study presents a feasible and promising strategy for suppressing capacity degradation and enabling the safe operation of Ni-rich cathode materials.

富镍层状锂过渡金属氧化物是最有希望用于高能量密度锂离子电池的正极材料。然而,由于过渡金属的溶解和结构重构,以及六氟磷酸锂分解产生氢氟酸(HF),它们的容量会迅速下降。工作过程中可能出现的热失控是另一个挑战。分离器是有望缓解上述障碍的元件。本文结合非溶剂诱导相反转工艺和涂层方法,设计并制造了一种超薄双层分离器,其基底层为 10 μm 的聚酰亚胺(PI),涂层层为 2 μm 的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)。PI 骨架对潜在的热收缩具有良好的稳定性,PI-PVDF 的牢固粘合赋予了复合分离器坚固的结构完整性;这些特性共同造就了分离器在高温下非凡的机械耐受性。此外,由于亚胺环提供了丰富的高频配位位点,形成了-CO--H-F氢键,从而实现了独特的高频清除效应;因此,层状富镍阴极免受高频侵蚀,最终减少了过渡金属溶解,促进了富镍阴极的长期循环性。采用所提议的复合隔膜的镍钴锰酸锂 811 电池(其中 "NCM "表示镍钴锰酸锂 1-x-yO2)在室温下循环 400 次后容量保持率为 90.6%,在 60 °C、循环 200 次后容量保持率为 91.4%。本研究从分离器的新视角出发,提出了一种可行且前景广阔的策略,可用于抑制容量衰减,实现富镍阴极材料的安全运行。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Next-Generation Heterogeneous Catalysts: Empowering Surface Reactivity Prediction with Machine Learning 迈向下一代异质催化剂:利用机器学习增强表面反应预测能力
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.021

Heterogeneous catalysis remains at the core of various bulk chemical manufacturing and energy conversion processes, and its revolution necessitates the hunt for new materials with ideal catalytic activities and economic feasibility. Computational high-throughput screening presents a viable solution to this challenge, as machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its great potential in accelerating such processes by providing satisfactory estimations of surface reactivity with relatively low-cost information. This review focuses on recent progress in applying ML in adsorption energy prediction, which predominantly quantifies the catalytic potential of a solid catalyst. ML models that leverage inputs from different categories and exhibit various levels of complexity are classified and discussed. At the end of the review, an outlook on the current challenges and future opportunities of ML-assisted catalyst screening is supplied. We believe that this review summarizes major achievements in accelerating catalyst discovery through ML and can inspire researchers to further devise novel strategies to accelerate materials design and, ultimately, reshape the chemical industry and energy landscape.

异相催化仍然是各种大宗化学品生产和能源转换过程的核心,其变革要求我们寻找具有理想催化活性和经济可行性的新材料。计算高通量筛选为这一挑战提供了可行的解决方案,因为机器学习(ML)通过相对低成本的信息提供令人满意的表面反应性估计,在加速此类过程方面展现出巨大的潜力。本综述将重点介绍将 ML 应用于吸附能预测的最新进展,吸附能预测主要量化固体催化剂的催化潜力。本文对利用不同类别输入并表现出不同复杂程度的 ML 模型进行了分类和讨论。在综述的最后,还对 ML 辅助催化剂筛选当前面临的挑战和未来的机遇进行了展望。我们相信,这篇综述总结了通过 ML 加速催化剂发现的主要成就,并能激励研究人员进一步设计新颖的战略,以加速材料设计,最终重塑化学工业和能源格局。
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引用次数: 0
A New Dynamic and Vertical Photovoltaic Integrated Building Envelope for High-Rise Glaze-Facade Buildings 用于高层玻璃幕墙建筑的新型动态垂直光电一体化建筑围护结构
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.014

Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics. Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics, building energy consumption, and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades. In this study, we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope (dvPVBE) that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions, superior architectural aesthetics, and notable energy-saving potential. Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE: power generation priority (PGP), natural daylight priority (NDP), and energy-saving priority (ESP). Moreover, the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE. An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus. The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies. The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131% of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226% compared with static photovoltaic (PV) blinds. The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load, daylight penetration, and energy generation can be effectively regulated.

现代高层建筑广泛采用大面积玻璃幕墙,以达到吸引人的建筑美学效果。建筑美学、建筑能耗和玻璃幕墙的太阳能收集之间存在固有的冲突。在这项研究中,我们引入了一种新型动态垂直光电一体化建筑围护结构(dvPVBE)来解决这些矛盾,这种围护结构具有非凡的灵活性,可根据天气变化调整板条角度和百叶窗位置,具有卓越的建筑美学效果和显著的节能潜力。针对 dvPVBE 的不同应用场景,提出了三种分层控制策略:发电优先(PGP)、自然采光优先(NDP)和节能优先(ESP)。此外,还在 dvPVBE 的模拟中进一步分析了 PGP 和 ESP 策略。使用 EnergyPlus 对一个集成了 dvPVBE 的办公房间进行了建模。在 PGP 和 ESP 控制策略下,研究了 dvPVBE 对提高建筑能效的影响以及相应的最佳板条角度。结果表明,与静态光伏(PV)百叶帘相比,在北京应用 dvPVBE 可为办公用房提供高达 131% 的年能源需求,并显著提高年净能源产出至少 226%。这种新型 dvPVBE 的概念提供了一种可有效调节热负荷、日光渗透率和发电量的可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
Generation of Eco-Friendly and Disease-Resistant Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Harboring the Alligator Cathelicidin Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Engineering 通过 CRISPR/Cas9 工程培育携带鳄鱼鞘氨醇基因的环保抗病峡鲶(Ictalurus punctatus)基因
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.005

As a precise and versatile tool for genome manipulation, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) platform holds promise for modifying fish traits of interest. With the aim of reducing transgene introgression and controlling reproduction, upscaled disease resistance and reproductive intervention in catfish species have been studied to lower the potential environmental risks of the introgression of escapees as transgenic animals. Taking advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system, we succeeded in integrating the cathelicidin gene (As-Cath) from an alligator (Alligator sinensis) into the target luteinizing hormone (lh) locus of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) using two delivery systems assisted by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), respectively. In this study, high knock in (KI) efficiency (22.38%, 64/286) but low on-target events was achieved using the ssODN strategy, whereas adopting a dsDNA as the donor template led to an efficient on-target KI (10.80%, 23/213). The on-target KI of As-Cath was instrumental in establishing the lh knockout (LH_As-Cath+) catfish line, which displayed heightened disease resistance and reduced fecundity compared with the wild-type (WT) sibling fish. Furthermore, administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) can restore the reproduction of the transgenic fish line. Overall, we replaced the lh gene with an alligator cathelicidin transgene and then administered hormone therapy to move towards complete reproductive control of disease-resistant transgenic catfish in an environmentally responsible manner. This strategy not only effectively improves consumer-valued traits but also guards against unwanted introgression, providing a breakthrough in aquaculture genetics to confine fish reproduction and prevent the establishment of transgenic or domestic genotypes in the natural environment.

作为一种精确而多用途的基因组操作工具,簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(Cas9)平台有望改变鱼类的相关性状。为了减少转基因导入和控制繁殖,对鲶鱼物种的抗病性和繁殖干预进行了升级研究,以降低转基因动物逃逸者导入的潜在环境风险。利用CRISPR/Cas9介导系统的优势,我们分别采用双链DNA(dsDNA)和单链寡核苷酸(ssODNs)两种传递系统,成功地将短吻鳄(Alligator sinensis)的cathelicidin基因(As-Cath)整合到了斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的黄体生成素(lh)基因座上。在这项研究中,使用ssODN策略实现了较高的敲入(KI)效率(22.38%,64/286),但靶上事件较少,而采用dsDNA作为供体模板则实现了高效的靶上KI(10.80%,23/213)。As-Cath 的靶上 KI 在建立 lh 基因敲除(LH-_As-Cath+)鲶鱼品系中发挥了重要作用,与野生型(WT)同胞鱼相比,该品系表现出更强的抗病性,但繁殖力降低。此外,注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和促黄体生成素释放激素类似物(LHRHa)可恢复转基因鱼系的繁殖能力。总之,我们用鳄鱼鞘磷脂转基因取代 lh 基因,然后施用激素疗法,以无害环境的方式完全控制了抗病转基因鲶鱼的繁殖。这种策略不仅能有效改善消费者看重的性状,还能防止不必要的基因导入,在水产养殖遗传学方面实现了突破,限制了鱼类的繁殖,防止了转基因或家养基因型在自然环境中的建立。
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引用次数: 0
Sanhan Huashi Formula and Its Bioactive Compounds Exert Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on COVID-19 三汗化石配方及其生物活性化合物对 COVID-19 具有抗病毒和抗炎作用
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.007
Chuanxi Tian, Hang Liu, Qian Wang, Jinyue Zhao, Chensi Yao, Yanfeng Yao, Xu Zhang, Qinhai Ma, Weihao Wang, Yanyan Zhou, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaomeng Shi, Xiangyan Li, Shan Wang, Yingying Yang, Xiaowen Gou, Lijuan Zhou, Jingyi Zhao, Li Wan, Jiarui Li, Stefanie Tiefenbacher, Juntao Gao, Rudolf Bauer, Min Li, Xiaolin Tong
Sanhan Huashi formula (SHHS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical settings. However, its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification. experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation. Complementary experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice exposed to virus-like particles (VLPs) further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry. Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2, it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, C–X–C motif ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL-6, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and CXCL-11 in the lungs, suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis. Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease (3CL), a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular docking analyses. Furthermore, nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect, reducing the viral load by more than 66%. This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.
中药三味化石散(SHHS)在临床上对冠状病毒病2019(COVID-19)有显著疗效。用感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)的 Vero-E6 细胞进行的实验表明,SHHS 能有效抑制病毒的入侵和增殖。使用暴露于病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的 K18-人血管紧张素转换酶 2(hACE2)小鼠进行的补充实验进一步证实,SHHS 可阻止 SARS-CoV-2 进入。虽然 SHHS 在受到 SARS-CoV-2 挑战的 K18-hACE2 小鼠中没有显示出直接的抗病毒作用,但它显著减轻了病理损伤,并降低了肺中 C-C motif ligand (CCL)-2、CCL-3、C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-1、CXCL-6、CXCL-9、CXCL-10 和 CXCL-11 等趋化因子的表达,表明 SHHS 通过 CCL-2-CXCL 轴发挥免疫调节和抗炎作用。使用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)和 RAW264.7 细胞模型进行的其他研究验证了 SHHS 降低白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等炎症生物标志物水平的能力。利用超高效液相色谱-线性阱四极杆 Orbitrap 质谱(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)和表面等离子体共振(SPR)等先进分析技术,研究人员发现,nodakenin 是 SHHS 中一种针对 3C 样蛋白酶(3CL)的强效抗病毒成分,这一发现得到了氢氘交换质谱(HDX-MS)和分子对接分析的支持。此外,nodakenin 还具有显著的抗病毒效果,可将病毒载量降低 66% 以上。这项研究揭示了 SHHS 可以通过抑制病毒入侵和促进抗炎作用来对抗 COVID-19。
{"title":"Sanhan Huashi Formula and Its Bioactive Compounds Exert Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on COVID-19","authors":"Chuanxi Tian, Hang Liu, Qian Wang, Jinyue Zhao, Chensi Yao, Yanfeng Yao, Xu Zhang, Qinhai Ma, Weihao Wang, Yanyan Zhou, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaomeng Shi, Xiangyan Li, Shan Wang, Yingying Yang, Xiaowen Gou, Lijuan Zhou, Jingyi Zhao, Li Wan, Jiarui Li, Stefanie Tiefenbacher, Juntao Gao, Rudolf Bauer, Min Li, Xiaolin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"Sanhan Huashi formula (SHHS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical settings. However, its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification. experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation. Complementary experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice exposed to virus-like particles (VLPs) further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry. Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2, it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, C–X–C motif ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL-6, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and CXCL-11 in the lungs, suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis. Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease (3CL), a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular docking analyses. Furthermore, nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect, reducing the viral load by more than 66%. This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pesticide Engineering from Natural Vanillin: Recent Advances and a Perspective 天然香兰素的农药工程:最新进展与展望
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.015
Mingshu Lou, Sha Li, Fangru Jin, Tangbing Yang, Runjiang Song, Baoan Song
Pesticide ecological safety continues to be a hot issue. The inherent biosafety and physiological functions of vanillin, a widely used natural flavor in food additives, have unlocked numerous applications in the medical field, leading to a plethora of pharmaceutically active derivatives and commercial drugs. Despite its extensive use in pharmaceutical discovery and the food industry, vanillin’s potential in the domain of green pesticide development has only recently come to light. Significantly, its advantages of safety and low price make vanillin ideal for green pesticide research and development (R&D). In this context, this review illuminates the research on vanillin’s transformation into a suite of innovative agrochemicals. By delving into the design, synthesis, action mechanisms, and bio-safety of these vanillin-derived compounds, we uncover novel pathways for sustainable agriculture. Further possible directions for the exploration of this substance are also outlined. We believe that this story about vanillin will serve as a source of inspiration for those seeking to derive innovative ideas from natural substances, particularly in the realm of green pesticide R&D.
农药生态安全一直是一个热点问题。香兰素是一种在食品添加剂中广泛使用的天然香料,其固有的生物安全性和生理功能在医学领域得到了广泛应用,产生了大量具有医药活性的衍生物和商业药物。尽管香兰素在医药研发和食品工业中应用广泛,但其在绿色杀虫剂开发领域的潜力直到最近才被发现。值得注意的是,香兰素具有安全和价格低廉的优势,是绿色杀虫剂研发(R&D)的理想选择。在此背景下,本综述阐明了将香兰素转化为一系列创新农用化学品的研究。通过深入研究这些香兰素衍生化合物的设计、合成、作用机制和生物安全性,我们发现了可持续农业的新途径。我们还概述了探索这种物质的更多可能方向。我们相信,这个关于香兰素的故事将为那些寻求从天然物质中获得创新理念的人提供灵感,尤其是在绿色农药研发领域。
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引用次数: 0
Microfluidic Barcode Biochips for High-Throughput Real-Time Biomolecule and Single-Cell Screening 用于高通量实时生物分子和单细胞筛选的微流控条形码生物芯片
IF 12.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.016
Jiaoyan Qiu, Yanbo Liang, Chao Wang, Yang Yu, Yu Zhang, Hong Liu, Lin Han
The real-time screening of biomolecules and single cells in biochips is extremely important for disease prediction and diagnosis, cellular analysis, and life science research. Barcode biochip technology, which is integrated with microfluidics, typically comprises barcode array, sample loading, and reaction unit array chips. Here, we present a review of microfluidics barcode biochip analytical approaches for the high-throughput screening of biomolecules and single cells, including protein biomarkers, microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), single-cell secreted proteins, single-cell exosomes, and cell interactions. We begin with an overview of current high-throughput detection and analysis approaches. Following this, we outline recent improvements in microfluidic devices for biomolecule and single-cell detection, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these devices. This paper focuses on the research and development of microfluidic barcode biochips, covering their self-assembly substrate materials and their specific applications with biomolecules and single cells. Looking forward, we explore the prospects and challenges of this technology, with the aim of contributing toward the use of microfluidic barcode detection biochips in medical diagnostics and therapies, and their large-scale commercialization.
在生物芯片中对生物大分子和单细胞进行实时筛选,对于疾病预测和诊断、细胞分析和生命科学研究极为重要。条形码生物芯片技术与微流控技术相结合,通常由条形码阵列、样品装载和反应单元阵列芯片组成。在此,我们将综述用于生物大分子和单细胞高通量筛选的微流控条形码生物芯片分析方法,包括蛋白质生物标记物、微核糖核酸(miRNA)、循环肿瘤 DNA(ctDNA)、单细胞分泌蛋白、单细胞外泌体和细胞相互作用。我们首先概述了当前的高通量检测和分析方法。随后,我们概述了用于生物大分子和单细胞检测的微流控设备的最新改进,并强调了这些设备的优势和局限性。本文重点介绍微流体条形码生物芯片的研究与开发,涵盖其自组装基底材料及其在生物大分子和单细胞方面的具体应用。展望未来,我们将探讨这项技术的前景和挑战,以期为微流控条形码检测生物芯片在医学诊断和治疗中的应用及其大规模商业化做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A Hybrid Integrated and Low-Cost Multi-Chip Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier Module for 5G Massive MIMO Application 面向 5G 大规模多输入多输出应用的混合集成低成本多芯片宽带 Doherty 功率放大器模块
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.017

In this paper, a hybrid integrated broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on a multi-chip module (MCM), whose active devices are fabricated using the gallium nitride (GaN) process and whose passive circuits are fabricated using the gallium arsenide (GaAs) integrated passive device (IPD) process, is proposed for 5G massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. An inverted DPA structure with a low-Q output network is proposed to achieve better bandwidth performance, and a single-driver architecture is adopted for a chip with high gain and small area. The proposed DPA has a bandwidth of 4.4–5.0 GHz that can achieve a saturation of more than 45.0 dBm. The gain compression from 37 dBm to saturation power is less than 4 dB, and the average power-added efficiency (PAE) is 36.3% with an 8.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in 4.5–5.0 GHz. The measured adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than −50 dBc after digital predistortion (DPD), exhibiting satisfactory linearity.

本文针对 5G 大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 应用,提出了一种基于多芯片模块 (MCM) 的混合集成宽带 Doherty 功率放大器 (DPA),其有源器件采用氮化镓 (GaN) 工艺制造,无源电路采用砷化镓 (GaAs) 集成无源器件 (IPD) 工艺制造。为了实现更好的带宽性能,提出了一种具有低 Q 值输出网络的反相 DPA 结构,并采用了单驱动器架构,以实现芯片的高增益和小面积。所提出的 DPA 带宽为 4.4-5.0 GHz,可达到 45.0 dBm 以上的饱和度。从 37 dBm 到饱和功率的增益压缩小于 4 dB,平均功率附加效率(PAE)为 36.3%,4.5-5.0 GHz 的峰均功率比(PAPR)为 8.5 dB。数字预失真(DPD)后,测得的邻道功率比(ACPR)优于-50 dBc,线性度令人满意。
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引用次数: 0
Highly Efficient Broadband Achromatic Microlens Design Based on Low-Dispersion Materials 基于低色散材料的高效宽带消色差微透镜设计
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023

Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultra-compact configuration; however, they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency. In this study, we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion, an adequately designed convex surface, and a thickness profile distribution. By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration, relative focal length shift (FLS), and numerical aperture (NA), microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features. Accordingly, the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam, and precise surface profiles were obtained. The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65% at visible wavelengths of 410–680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging. Moreover, the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach, which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality, ultracompact microscopes, and biological endoscopy.

具有消色差性能的金属透镜为以超小型配置实现高质量成像提供了新的机遇;然而,它们存在制造工艺复杂和聚焦效率低的问题。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种利用低色散材料、适当设计的凸面和厚度轮廓分布,在波长尺度上设计消色差微透镜的有效方法。考虑到绝对色差、相对焦距偏移 (FLS) 和数值孔径 (NA),通过我们实现的几何特征图,可以实现具有一定焦距的微透镜。因此,利用聚焦离子束制造出了设计的消色差熔融石英微透镜,并获得了精确的表面轮廓。制造出的微透镜在 410-680 纳米的可见光波长下平均聚焦效率高达 65%,并具有出色的白光成像消色差能力。此外,该设计还具有偏振不敏感和近衍射限制的优点。这些结果证明了我们提出的消色差微型透镜设计方法的有效性,从而拓展了虚拟现实和增强现实、超小型显微镜和生物内窥镜等微型光学技术的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial for the Special Issue on Natural Medicine 自然医学特刊编辑
IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008
Jian-Dong Jiang
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Engineering
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