Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.025
Nickel-rich layered Li transition metal oxides are the most promising cathode materials for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, they exhibit rapid capacity degradation induced by transition metal dissolution and structural reconstruction, which are associated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) generation from lithium hexafluorophosphate decomposition. The potential for thermal runaway during the working process poses another challenge. Separators are promising components to alleviate the aforementioned obstacles. Herein, an ultrathin double-layered separator with a 10 μm polyimide (PI) basement and a 2 μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) coating layer is designed and fabricated by combining a non-solvent induced phase inversion process and coating method. The PI skeleton provides good stability against potential thermal shrinkage, and the strong PI–PVDF bonding endows the composite separator with robust structural integrity; these characteristics jointly contribute to the extraordinary mechanical tolerance of the separator at elevated temperatures. Additionally, unique HF-scavenging effects are achieved with the formation of –CO···H–F hydrogen bonds for the abundant HF coordination sites provided by the imide ring; hence, the layered Ni-rich cathodes are protected from HF attack, which ultimately reduces transition metal dissolution and facilitates long-term cyclability of the Ni-rich cathodes. Li||NCM811 batteries (where “NCM” indicates LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2) with the proposed composite separator exhibit a 90.6% capacity retention after 400 cycles at room temperature and remain sustainable at 60 °C with a 91.4% capacity retention after 200 cycles. By adopting a new perspective on separators, this study presents a feasible and promising strategy for suppressing capacity degradation and enabling the safe operation of Ni-rich cathode materials.
{"title":"Stabilizing High-Nickel Cathodes via Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding Effects Using a Hydrofluoric Acid-Scavenging Separator","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nickel-rich layered Li transition metal oxides are the most promising cathode materials for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, they exhibit rapid capacity degradation induced by transition metal dissolution and structural reconstruction, which are associated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) generation from lithium hexafluorophosphate decomposition. The potential for thermal runaway during the working process poses another challenge. Separators are promising components to alleviate the aforementioned obstacles. Herein, an ultrathin double-layered separator with a 10 μm polyimide (PI) basement and a 2 μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) coating layer is designed and fabricated by combining a non-solvent induced phase inversion process and coating method. The PI skeleton provides good stability against potential thermal shrinkage, and the strong PI–PVDF bonding endows the composite separator with robust structural integrity; these characteristics jointly contribute to the extraordinary mechanical tolerance of the separator at elevated temperatures. Additionally, unique HF-scavenging effects are achieved with the formation of –CO···H–F hydrogen bonds for the abundant HF coordination sites provided by the imide ring; hence, the layered Ni-rich cathodes are protected from HF attack, which ultimately reduces transition metal dissolution and facilitates long-term cyclability of the Ni-rich cathodes. Li||NCM811 batteries (where “NCM” indicates LiNi<em><sub>x</sub></em>Co<em><sub>y</sub></em>Mn<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em><sub>−</sub><em><sub>y</sub></em>O<sub>2</sub>) with the proposed composite separator exhibit a 90.6% capacity retention after 400 cycles at room temperature and remain sustainable at 60 °C with a 91.4% capacity retention after 200 cycles. By adopting a new perspective on separators, this study presents a feasible and promising strategy for suppressing capacity degradation and enabling the safe operation of Ni-rich cathode materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001528/pdfft?md5=985eae51e0a647136423dc185a9f4024&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001528-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.021
Heterogeneous catalysis remains at the core of various bulk chemical manufacturing and energy conversion processes, and its revolution necessitates the hunt for new materials with ideal catalytic activities and economic feasibility. Computational high-throughput screening presents a viable solution to this challenge, as machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its great potential in accelerating such processes by providing satisfactory estimations of surface reactivity with relatively low-cost information. This review focuses on recent progress in applying ML in adsorption energy prediction, which predominantly quantifies the catalytic potential of a solid catalyst. ML models that leverage inputs from different categories and exhibit various levels of complexity are classified and discussed. At the end of the review, an outlook on the current challenges and future opportunities of ML-assisted catalyst screening is supplied. We believe that this review summarizes major achievements in accelerating catalyst discovery through ML and can inspire researchers to further devise novel strategies to accelerate materials design and, ultimately, reshape the chemical industry and energy landscape.
异相催化仍然是各种大宗化学品生产和能源转换过程的核心,其变革要求我们寻找具有理想催化活性和经济可行性的新材料。计算高通量筛选为这一挑战提供了可行的解决方案,因为机器学习(ML)通过相对低成本的信息提供令人满意的表面反应性估计,在加速此类过程方面展现出巨大的潜力。本综述将重点介绍将 ML 应用于吸附能预测的最新进展,吸附能预测主要量化固体催化剂的催化潜力。本文对利用不同类别输入并表现出不同复杂程度的 ML 模型进行了分类和讨论。在综述的最后,还对 ML 辅助催化剂筛选当前面临的挑战和未来的机遇进行了展望。我们相信,这篇综述总结了通过 ML 加速催化剂发现的主要成就,并能激励研究人员进一步设计新颖的战略,以加速材料设计,最终重塑化学工业和能源格局。
{"title":"Toward Next-Generation Heterogeneous Catalysts: Empowering Surface Reactivity Prediction with Machine Learning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterogeneous catalysis remains at the core of various bulk chemical manufacturing and energy conversion processes, and its revolution necessitates the hunt for new materials with ideal catalytic activities and economic feasibility. Computational high-throughput screening presents a viable solution to this challenge, as machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its great potential in accelerating such processes by providing satisfactory estimations of surface reactivity with relatively low-cost information. This review focuses on recent progress in applying ML in adsorption energy prediction, which predominantly quantifies the catalytic potential of a solid catalyst. ML models that leverage inputs from different categories and exhibit various levels of complexity are classified and discussed. At the end of the review, an outlook on the current challenges and future opportunities of ML-assisted catalyst screening is supplied. We believe that this review summarizes major achievements in accelerating catalyst discovery through ML and can inspire researchers to further devise novel strategies to accelerate materials design and, ultimately, reshape the chemical industry and energy landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 25-44"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000225/pdfft?md5=9722d6140698f5ace718ab1ce8657ad7&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139112230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.014
Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics. Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics, building energy consumption, and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades. In this study, we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope (dvPVBE) that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions, superior architectural aesthetics, and notable energy-saving potential. Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE: power generation priority (PGP), natural daylight priority (NDP), and energy-saving priority (ESP). Moreover, the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE. An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus. The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies. The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131% of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226% compared with static photovoltaic (PV) blinds. The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load, daylight penetration, and energy generation can be effectively regulated.
{"title":"A New Dynamic and Vertical Photovoltaic Integrated Building Envelope for High-Rise Glaze-Facade Buildings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics. Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics, building energy consumption, and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades. In this study, we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope (dvPVBE) that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions, superior architectural aesthetics, and notable energy-saving potential. Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE: power generation priority (PGP), natural daylight priority (NDP), and energy-saving priority (ESP). Moreover, the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE. An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus. The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies. The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131% of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226% compared with static photovoltaic (PV) blinds. The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load, daylight penetration, and energy generation can be effectively regulated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209580992400064X/pdfft?md5=8d5c784f163f4cb1e5eb3668dd620433&pid=1-s2.0-S209580992400064X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.005
As a precise and versatile tool for genome manipulation, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) platform holds promise for modifying fish traits of interest. With the aim of reducing transgene introgression and controlling reproduction, upscaled disease resistance and reproductive intervention in catfish species have been studied to lower the potential environmental risks of the introgression of escapees as transgenic animals. Taking advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system, we succeeded in integrating the cathelicidin gene (As-Cath) from an alligator (Alligator sinensis) into the target luteinizing hormone (lh) locus of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) using two delivery systems assisted by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), respectively. In this study, high knock in (KI) efficiency (22.38%, 64/286) but low on-target events was achieved using the ssODN strategy, whereas adopting a dsDNA as the donor template led to an efficient on-target KI (10.80%, 23/213). The on-target KI of As-Cath was instrumental in establishing the lh knockout (LH–_As-Cath+) catfish line, which displayed heightened disease resistance and reduced fecundity compared with the wild-type (WT) sibling fish. Furthermore, administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) can restore the reproduction of the transgenic fish line. Overall, we replaced the lh gene with an alligator cathelicidin transgene and then administered hormone therapy to move towards complete reproductive control of disease-resistant transgenic catfish in an environmentally responsible manner. This strategy not only effectively improves consumer-valued traits but also guards against unwanted introgression, providing a breakthrough in aquaculture genetics to confine fish reproduction and prevent the establishment of transgenic or domestic genotypes in the natural environment.
作为一种精确而多用途的基因组操作工具,簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(Cas9)平台有望改变鱼类的相关性状。为了减少转基因导入和控制繁殖,对鲶鱼物种的抗病性和繁殖干预进行了升级研究,以降低转基因动物逃逸者导入的潜在环境风险。利用CRISPR/Cas9介导系统的优势,我们分别采用双链DNA(dsDNA)和单链寡核苷酸(ssODNs)两种传递系统,成功地将短吻鳄(Alligator sinensis)的cathelicidin基因(As-Cath)整合到了斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的黄体生成素(lh)基因座上。在这项研究中,使用ssODN策略实现了较高的敲入(KI)效率(22.38%,64/286),但靶上事件较少,而采用dsDNA作为供体模板则实现了高效的靶上KI(10.80%,23/213)。As-Cath 的靶上 KI 在建立 lh 基因敲除(LH-_As-Cath+)鲶鱼品系中发挥了重要作用,与野生型(WT)同胞鱼相比,该品系表现出更强的抗病性,但繁殖力降低。此外,注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和促黄体生成素释放激素类似物(LHRHa)可恢复转基因鱼系的繁殖能力。总之,我们用鳄鱼鞘磷脂转基因取代 lh 基因,然后施用激素疗法,以无害环境的方式完全控制了抗病转基因鲶鱼的繁殖。这种策略不仅能有效改善消费者看重的性状,还能防止不必要的基因导入,在水产养殖遗传学方面实现了突破,限制了鱼类的繁殖,防止了转基因或家养基因型在自然环境中的建立。
{"title":"Generation of Eco-Friendly and Disease-Resistant Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Harboring the Alligator Cathelicidin Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a precise and versatile tool for genome manipulation, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) platform holds promise for modifying fish traits of interest. With the aim of reducing transgene introgression and controlling reproduction, upscaled disease resistance and reproductive intervention in catfish species have been studied to lower the potential environmental risks of the introgression of escapees as transgenic animals. Taking advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system, we succeeded in integrating the cathelicidin gene (<em>As</em>-<em>Cath</em>) from an alligator (<em>Alligator sinensis</em>) into the target luteinizing hormone (<em>lh</em>) locus of channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>) using two delivery systems assisted by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), respectively. In this study, high knock in (KI) efficiency (22.38%, 64/286) but low on-target events was achieved using the ssODN strategy, whereas adopting a dsDNA as the donor template led to an efficient on-target KI (10.80%, 23/213). The on-target KI of <em>As-Cath</em> was instrumental in establishing the <em>lh</em> knockout (LH<sup>–</sup>_As-Cath<sup>+</sup>) catfish line, which displayed heightened disease resistance and reduced fecundity compared with the wild-type (WT) sibling fish. Furthermore, administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) can restore the reproduction of the transgenic fish line. Overall, we replaced the <em>lh</em> gene with an alligator cathelicidin transgene and then administered hormone therapy to move towards complete reproductive control of disease-resistant transgenic catfish in an environmentally responsible manner. This strategy not only effectively improves consumer-valued traits but also guards against unwanted introgression, providing a breakthrough in aquaculture genetics to confine fish reproduction and prevent the establishment of transgenic or domestic genotypes in the natural environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000420/pdfft?md5=44370087181758a7e38b5f9f08adfffa&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139660277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanhan Huashi formula (SHHS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical settings. However, its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification. experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation. Complementary experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice exposed to virus-like particles (VLPs) further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry. Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2, it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, C–X–C motif ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL-6, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and CXCL-11 in the lungs, suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis. Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease (3CL), a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular docking analyses. Furthermore, nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect, reducing the viral load by more than 66%. This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.
{"title":"Sanhan Huashi Formula and Its Bioactive Compounds Exert Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on COVID-19","authors":"Chuanxi Tian, Hang Liu, Qian Wang, Jinyue Zhao, Chensi Yao, Yanfeng Yao, Xu Zhang, Qinhai Ma, Weihao Wang, Yanyan Zhou, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaomeng Shi, Xiangyan Li, Shan Wang, Yingying Yang, Xiaowen Gou, Lijuan Zhou, Jingyi Zhao, Li Wan, Jiarui Li, Stefanie Tiefenbacher, Juntao Gao, Rudolf Bauer, Min Li, Xiaolin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"Sanhan Huashi formula (SHHS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical settings. However, its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification. experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation. Complementary experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice exposed to virus-like particles (VLPs) further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry. Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2, it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, C–X–C motif ligand (CXCL)-1, CXCL-6, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and CXCL-11 in the lungs, suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis. Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease (3CL), a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular docking analyses. Furthermore, nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect, reducing the viral load by more than 66%. This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticide ecological safety continues to be a hot issue. The inherent biosafety and physiological functions of vanillin, a widely used natural flavor in food additives, have unlocked numerous applications in the medical field, leading to a plethora of pharmaceutically active derivatives and commercial drugs. Despite its extensive use in pharmaceutical discovery and the food industry, vanillin’s potential in the domain of green pesticide development has only recently come to light. Significantly, its advantages of safety and low price make vanillin ideal for green pesticide research and development (R&D). In this context, this review illuminates the research on vanillin’s transformation into a suite of innovative agrochemicals. By delving into the design, synthesis, action mechanisms, and bio-safety of these vanillin-derived compounds, we uncover novel pathways for sustainable agriculture. Further possible directions for the exploration of this substance are also outlined. We believe that this story about vanillin will serve as a source of inspiration for those seeking to derive innovative ideas from natural substances, particularly in the realm of green pesticide R&D.
{"title":"Pesticide Engineering from Natural Vanillin: Recent Advances and a Perspective","authors":"Mingshu Lou, Sha Li, Fangru Jin, Tangbing Yang, Runjiang Song, Baoan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide ecological safety continues to be a hot issue. The inherent biosafety and physiological functions of vanillin, a widely used natural flavor in food additives, have unlocked numerous applications in the medical field, leading to a plethora of pharmaceutically active derivatives and commercial drugs. Despite its extensive use in pharmaceutical discovery and the food industry, vanillin’s potential in the domain of green pesticide development has only recently come to light. Significantly, its advantages of safety and low price make vanillin ideal for green pesticide research and development (R&D). In this context, this review illuminates the research on vanillin’s transformation into a suite of innovative agrochemicals. By delving into the design, synthesis, action mechanisms, and bio-safety of these vanillin-derived compounds, we uncover novel pathways for sustainable agriculture. Further possible directions for the exploration of this substance are also outlined. We believe that this story about vanillin will serve as a source of inspiration for those seeking to derive innovative ideas from natural substances, particularly in the realm of green pesticide R&D.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.016
Jiaoyan Qiu, Yanbo Liang, Chao Wang, Yang Yu, Yu Zhang, Hong Liu, Lin Han
The real-time screening of biomolecules and single cells in biochips is extremely important for disease prediction and diagnosis, cellular analysis, and life science research. Barcode biochip technology, which is integrated with microfluidics, typically comprises barcode array, sample loading, and reaction unit array chips. Here, we present a review of microfluidics barcode biochip analytical approaches for the high-throughput screening of biomolecules and single cells, including protein biomarkers, microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), single-cell secreted proteins, single-cell exosomes, and cell interactions. We begin with an overview of current high-throughput detection and analysis approaches. Following this, we outline recent improvements in microfluidic devices for biomolecule and single-cell detection, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these devices. This paper focuses on the research and development of microfluidic barcode biochips, covering their self-assembly substrate materials and their specific applications with biomolecules and single cells. Looking forward, we explore the prospects and challenges of this technology, with the aim of contributing toward the use of microfluidic barcode detection biochips in medical diagnostics and therapies, and their large-scale commercialization.
{"title":"Microfluidic Barcode Biochips for High-Throughput Real-Time Biomolecule and Single-Cell Screening","authors":"Jiaoyan Qiu, Yanbo Liang, Chao Wang, Yang Yu, Yu Zhang, Hong Liu, Lin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"The real-time screening of biomolecules and single cells in biochips is extremely important for disease prediction and diagnosis, cellular analysis, and life science research. Barcode biochip technology, which is integrated with microfluidics, typically comprises barcode array, sample loading, and reaction unit array chips. Here, we present a review of microfluidics barcode biochip analytical approaches for the high-throughput screening of biomolecules and single cells, including protein biomarkers, microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), single-cell secreted proteins, single-cell exosomes, and cell interactions. We begin with an overview of current high-throughput detection and analysis approaches. Following this, we outline recent improvements in microfluidic devices for biomolecule and single-cell detection, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these devices. This paper focuses on the research and development of microfluidic barcode biochips, covering their self-assembly substrate materials and their specific applications with biomolecules and single cells. Looking forward, we explore the prospects and challenges of this technology, with the aim of contributing toward the use of microfluidic barcode detection biochips in medical diagnostics and therapies, and their large-scale commercialization.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.017
In this paper, a hybrid integrated broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on a multi-chip module (MCM), whose active devices are fabricated using the gallium nitride (GaN) process and whose passive circuits are fabricated using the gallium arsenide (GaAs) integrated passive device (IPD) process, is proposed for 5G massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. An inverted DPA structure with a low-Q output network is proposed to achieve better bandwidth performance, and a single-driver architecture is adopted for a chip with high gain and small area. The proposed DPA has a bandwidth of 4.4–5.0 GHz that can achieve a saturation of more than 45.0 dBm. The gain compression from 37 dBm to saturation power is less than 4 dB, and the average power-added efficiency (PAE) is 36.3% with an 8.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in 4.5–5.0 GHz. The measured adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than −50 dBc after digital predistortion (DPD), exhibiting satisfactory linearity.
{"title":"A Hybrid Integrated and Low-Cost Multi-Chip Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier Module for 5G Massive MIMO Application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a hybrid integrated broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on a multi-chip module (MCM), whose active devices are fabricated using the gallium nitride (GaN) process and whose passive circuits are fabricated using the gallium arsenide (GaAs) integrated passive device (IPD) process, is proposed for 5G massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. An inverted DPA structure with a low<em>-Q</em> output network is proposed to achieve better bandwidth performance, and a single-driver architecture is adopted for a chip with high gain and small area. The proposed DPA has a bandwidth of 4.4–5.0 GHz that can achieve a saturation of more than 45.0 dBm. The gain compression from 37 dBm to saturation power is less than 4 dB, and the average power-added efficiency (PAE) is 36.3% with an 8.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in 4.5–5.0 GHz. The measured adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than −50 dBc after digital predistortion (DPD), exhibiting satisfactory linearity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924000687/pdfft?md5=b1a1a4a6f0273668c00ab9534791f9f7&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924000687-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023
Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultra-compact configuration; however, they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency. In this study, we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion, an adequately designed convex surface, and a thickness profile distribution. By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration, relative focal length shift (FLS), and numerical aperture (NA), microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features. Accordingly, the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam, and precise surface profiles were obtained. The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65% at visible wavelengths of 410–680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging. Moreover, the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach, which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality, ultracompact microscopes, and biological endoscopy.
{"title":"Highly Efficient Broadband Achromatic Microlens Design Based on Low-Dispersion Materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultra-compact configuration; however, they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency. In this study, we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion, an adequately designed convex surface, and a thickness profile distribution. By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration, relative focal length shift (FLS), and numerical aperture (NA), microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features. Accordingly, the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam, and precise surface profiles were obtained. The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65% at visible wavelengths of 410–680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging. Moreover, the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach, which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality, ultracompact microscopes, and biological endoscopy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924001516/pdfft?md5=5319440e30def6198168508c87a6ba22&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924001516-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008
Jian-Dong Jiang
{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue on Natural Medicine","authors":"Jian-Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 ","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809924003771/pdfft?md5=52a1063214cf83b650dfb0f2cc782062&pid=1-s2.0-S2095809924003771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}