Engineering最新文献_第8页

Large-Scale Surface Modification of Decellularized Matrix with Erythrocyte Membrane for Promoting In Situ Regeneration of Heart Valve 用红细胞膜对脱细胞基质进行大规模表面改性，促进心脏瓣膜的原位再生

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.019

In situ regeneration is a promising strategy for constructing tissue engineering heart valves (TEHVs). Currently, the decellularized heart valve (DHV) is extensively employed as a TEHV scaffold. Nevertheless, DHV exhibits limited blood compatibility and notable difficulties in endothelialization, resulting in thrombosis and graft failure. The red blood cell membrane (RBCM) exhibits excellent biocompatibility and prolonged circulation stability and is extensively applied in the camouflage of nanoparticles for drug delivery; however, there is no report on its application for large-scale modification of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM). For the first time, we utilized a layer-by-layer assembling strategy to immobilize RBCM on the surface of DHV and construct an innovative TEHV scaffold. Our findings demonstrated that the scaffold significantly improved the hemocompatibility of DHV by effectively preventing plasma protein adsorption, activated platelet adhesion, and erythrocyte aggregation, and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype in vitro. Moreover, RBCM modification significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and enzymatic stability of DHV. The rat models of subcutaneous embedding and abdominal aorta implantation showed that the scaffold regulated the polarization of macrophages into the anti-inflammatory and pro-modeling M2 phenotype and promoted endothelialization and ECM remodeling in the early stage without thrombosis and calcification. The novel TEHV exhibits excellent performance and can overcome the limitations of commonly used clinical prostheses.

原位再生是构建组织工程心脏瓣膜（TEHV）的一种前景广阔的策略。目前，脱细胞心脏瓣膜（DHV）被广泛用作TEHV支架。然而，脱细胞心脏瓣膜的血液相容性有限，内皮化困难，导致血栓形成和移植失败。红细胞膜（RBCM）具有良好的生物相容性和长期循环稳定性，被广泛应用于纳米颗粒的伪装给药，但目前还没有将其大规模应用于脱细胞细胞外基质（ECM）改性的报道。我们首次利用逐层组装策略将 RBCM 固定在 DHV 表面，构建了创新的 TEHV 支架。我们的研究结果表明，该支架能有效防止血浆蛋白吸附、活化血小板粘附和红细胞聚集，并在体外诱导巨噬细胞向 M2 表型极化，从而显著改善了 DHV 的血液相容性。此外，RBCM 改性还能显著提高 DHV 的机械性能和酶稳定性。大鼠皮下包埋和腹主动脉植入模型表明，该支架可调节巨噬细胞极化为抗炎和促进建模的 M2 表型，并在早期促进内皮化和 ECM 重塑，而不会导致血栓形成和钙化。新型 TEHV 性能卓越，可以克服临床常用假体的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

A Single-Sized Metasurface for Image Steganography and Multi-Key Information Encryption 用于图像隐写术和多密钥信息加密的单尺寸元表面

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.015

With the escalating flow of information and digital communication, information security has become an increasingly important issue. Traditional cryptographic methods are being threatened by advancing progress in computing, while physical encryption methods are favored as a viable and compelling avenue. Metasurfaces, which are known for their extraordinary ability to manipulate optical parameters at the nanoscale, exhibit significant potential for the revolution of optical devices, making them a highly promising candidate for optical encryption applications. Here, a single-sized metasurface with four independent channels is proposed for conducting steganography and multi-key information encryption. More specifically, plaintext is transformed into a ciphertext image, which is encoded into a metasurface, while the decryption key is discretely integrated into another channel within the same metasurface. Two different keys for steganographic image unveiling are also encoded into the metasurface and can be retrieved with different channels and spatial positions. This distributed multi-key encryption approach can enhance security, while strategically distributing images across distinct spatial zones serves as an additional measure to reduce the risk of information leakage. This minimalist designed metasurface, with its advantages of high information density and robust security, holds promise across applications including portable encryption, high-camouflaged image display, and high-density optical storage.

随着信息流和数字通信的不断升级，信息安全已成为一个日益重要的问题。传统的加密方法正受到计算技术进步的威胁，而物理加密方法作为一种可行且引人注目的途径受到青睐。元表面以其在纳米尺度上操纵光学参数的非凡能力而著称，在光学设备革命中展现出巨大的潜力，使其成为光学加密应用中极具前景的候选材料。本文提出了一种具有四个独立通道的单尺寸元表面，用于进行隐写术和多密钥信息加密。更具体地说，明文被转化为密文图像，并被编码到元表面中，而解密密钥则被分离地集成到同一元表面中的另一个通道中。用于揭示隐写图像的两个不同密钥也被编码到元表面中，并可通过不同的通道和空间位置进行检索。这种分布式多密钥加密方法可以提高安全性，而战略性地将图像分布在不同的空间区域则是降低信息泄漏风险的额外措施。这种设计简约的元表面具有信息密度高和安全性强的优点，在便携式加密、高伪装图像显示和高密度光存储等应用领域大有可为。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the Stray Current-Induced Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) Effect on Sulfate Corrosion in Concrete 揭示杂散电流引发的界面过渡区 (ITZ) 对混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀的影响

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.001

Yong-Qing Chen , Lin-Ya Liu , Da-Wei Huang , Qing-Song Feng , Ren-Peng Chen , Xin Kang

The rail transit in sulfate-rich areas faces the combined effects of stray current and salt corrosion; however, the sulfate ion transport and concrete degradation mechanisms under such conditions are still unclear. To address this issue, novel sulfate transport and mesoscale splitting tests were designed, with a focus on considering the differences between the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and cement matrix. Under the influence of stray current, the ITZ played a pivotal role in regulating the transport and mechanical failure processes of sulfate attack, while the tortuous and blocking effects of aggregates almost disappeared. This phenomenon was termed the “stray current-induced ITZ effect.” The experimental data revealed that the difference in sulfate ion transport attributed to the ITZ ranged from 1.90 to 2.31 times, while the difference in splitting strength ranged from 1.56 to 1.64 times. Through the real-time synchronization of splitting experiments and microsecond-responsive particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology, the mechanical properties were exposed to the consequences of the stray current-induced ITZ effect. The number of splitting cracks in the concrete increased, rather than along the central axis, which was significantly different from the conditions without stray current and the ideal Brazilian disk test. Furthermore, a sulfate ion mass transfer model that incorporates reactivity and electrodiffusion was meticulously constructed. The embedded finite element calculation exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental results, indicating its reliability and accuracy. Additionally, the stress field was determined utilizing analytical methods, and the mechanism underlying crack propagation was successfully obtained. Compared to the cement matrix, a stray current led to more sulfates, more microstructure degradation, and greater increases in thickness and porosity in the ITZ, which was considered to be the essence of the stray current-induced ITZ effect.

富含硫酸盐地区的轨道交通面临着杂散电流和盐腐蚀的双重影响；然而，这种条件下的硫酸根离子迁移和混凝土降解机制仍不清楚。针对这一问题，我们设计了新型硫酸盐迁移和中尺度分裂试验，重点考虑了界面过渡区（ITZ）和水泥基质之间的差异。在杂散电流的影响下，ITZ 在调节硫酸盐侵蚀的传输和机械破坏过程中发挥了关键作用，而集料的迂回和阻挡作用几乎消失。这种现象被称为 "杂散电流诱导的 ITZ 效应"。实验数据显示，ITZ 导致的硫酸根离子传输差异为 1.90 至 2.31 倍，而分裂强度差异为 1.56 至 1.64 倍。通过实时同步劈裂实验和微秒响应粒子图像测速（PIV）技术，力学性能暴露了杂散电流引起的 ITZ 效应的后果。混凝土中劈裂裂缝的数量增加了，而不是沿着中心轴线，这与没有杂散电流的条件和理想的巴西盘试验有明显不同。此外，还精心构建了一个包含反应性和电扩散的硫酸根离子传质模型。嵌入式有限元计算与实验结果非常吻合，表明其可靠性和准确性。此外，还利用分析方法确定了应力场，并成功获得了裂纹扩展的基本机制。与水泥基体相比，杂散电流导致 ITZ 中硫酸盐含量更高、微观结构退化更严重、厚度和孔隙率增加更大，这被认为是杂散电流诱导 ITZ 效应的本质。

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引用次数: 0

Digital Twins for Engineering Asset Management: Synthesis, Analytical Framework, and Future Directions 数字孪生工程资产管理：综述、分析框架和未来方向

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.006

Effective engineering asset management (EAM) is critical to economic development and improving livability in society, but its complexity often impedes optimal asset functionalities. Digital twins (DTs) could revolutionize the EAM paradigm by bidirectionally linking the physical and digital worlds in real time. There is great industrial and academic interest in DTs for EAM. However, previous review studies have predominately focused on technical aspects using limited life-cycle perspectives, failing to holistically synthesize DTs for EAM from the managerial point of view. Based on a systematic literature review, we introduce an analytical framework for describing DTs for EAM, which encompasses three levels: DT 1.0 for technical EAM, DT 2.0 for technical−human EAM, and DT 3.0 for technical−environmental EAM. Using this framework, we identify what is known, what is unknown, and future directions at each level. DT 1.0 addresses issues of asset quality, progress, and cost management, generating technical value. It lacks multi-objective self-adaptive EAM, however, and suffers from high application cost. It is imperative to enable closed-loop EAM in order to provide various functional services with affordable DT 1.0. DT 2.0 accommodates issues of human−machine symbiosis, safety, and flexibility management, generating managerial value beyond the technical performance improvement of engineering assets. However, DT 2.0 currently lacks the automation and security of human−machine interactions and the managerial value related to humans is not prominent enough. Future research needs to align technical and managerial value with highly automated and secure DT 2.0. DT 3.0 covers issues of participatory governance, organization management, sustainable development, and resilience enhancement, generating macro social value. Yet it suffers from organizational fragmentation and can only address limited social governance issues. Numerous research opportunities exist to coordinate different stakeholders. Similarly, future research opportunities exist to develop DT 3.0 in a more open and complex system.

有效的工程资产管理（EAM）对经济发展和提高社会宜居性至关重要，但其复杂性往往会阻碍资产功能的优化。数字孪生（DTs）可以实时双向连接物理世界和数字世界，从而彻底改变工程资产管理模式。工业界和学术界对用于 EAM 的 DT 都很感兴趣。然而，以往的综述研究主要集中在技术方面，采用的是有限的生命周期视角，未能从管理角度对用于企业资产管理的 DT 进行全面综合。在系统性文献回顾的基础上，我们提出了一个描述企业资产管理 DT 的分析框架，包括三个层次或类别：DT 1.0 适用于技术型企业资产管理，DT 2.0 适用于技术-人力型企业资产管理，DT 3.0 适用于技术-环境型企业资产管理。利用这一框架，我们确定了每个级别的已知信息、未知信息和未来方向。DT 1.0 解决了资产质量、进度和成本管理问题，产生了技术价值。然而，它缺乏多目标自适应 EAM，而且应用成本较高。为了以可承受的 DT 1.0 提供各种功能服务，必须启用闭环 EAM。DT 2.0 可解决人机共生、安全和灵活性管理等问题，在提高工程资产的技术性能之外还能产生管理价值。然而，DT 2.0 目前缺乏人机交互的自动化和安全性，与人相关的管理价值也不够突出。未来的研究需要将技术和管理价值与高度自动化和安全的 DT 2.0 相结合。DT 3.0 涵盖了参与式治理、组织管理、可持续发展和提高复原力等问题，产生了宏观的社会价值。然而，它存在组织分散的问题，只能解决有限的社会治理问题。在协调不同利益攸关方方面存在大量研究机会。同样，未来也有研究机会在一个更加开放和复杂的系统中开发 DT 3.0。

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引用次数: 0

Development of Direct Reduced Iron in China: Challenges and Pathways 中国直接还原铁的发展：挑战与途径

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.025

Chengzhi Wei, Xin Zhang, Jin Zhang, Liangping Xu, Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang

The steel industry is considered an important basic sector of the national economy, and its high energy consumption and carbon emissions make it a major contributor to climate change, especially in China. The majority of crude steel in China is produced via the energy- and carbon-intensive blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route, which greatly relies on coking coal. In recent years, China’s steel sector has made significant progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, driven by decarbonization policies and regulations. However, due to the huge output of crude steel, the steel sector still produces 15% of the total national CO₂ emissions. The direct reduced iron (DRI) plus scrap–electric arc furnace (EAF) process is currently considered a good alternative to the conventional route as a means of reducing CO₂ emissions and the steel industry’s reliance on iron ore and coking coal, since the gas-based DRI plus scrap–EAF route is expected to be more promising than the coal-based one. Unfortunately, almost no DRI is produced in China, seriously restricting the development of the EAF route. Here, we highlight the challenges and pathways of the future development of DRI, with a focus on China. In the short term, replacing natural gas with coke oven gas (COG) and byproduct gas from the integrated refining and chemical sector is a more economically feasible and cleaner way to develop a gas-based route in China. As the energy revolution proceeds, using fossil fuels in combination with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen will be a good alternative due to the relatively low cost. In the long term, DRI is expected to be produced using 100% hydrogen from renewable energy. Both the development of deep processing technologies and the invention of a novel binder are required to prepare high-quality pellets for direct reduction (DR), and further research on the one-step gas-based process is necessary.

钢铁工业被认为是国民经济的重要基础产业，其高能耗和高碳排放使其成为气候变化的主要因素，尤其是在中国。中国大部分粗钢都是通过高炉--碱性氧气炉（BF-BOF）这一高能耗、高碳排放的途径生产的，对炼焦煤的依赖很大。近年来，在去碳化政策法规的推动下，中国钢铁行业在节能减排方面取得了长足进步。然而，由于粗钢产量巨大，钢铁行业的二氧化碳排放量仍占全国总排放量的 15%。直接还原铁（DRI）加废钢-电弧炉（EAF）工艺目前被认为是传统工艺的良好替代品，是减少二氧化碳排放和钢铁行业对铁矿石和炼焦煤依赖的一种手段，因为基于天然气的 DRI 加废钢-电弧炉工艺预计比基于煤炭的工艺更有前途。遗憾的是，中国几乎不生产 DRI，严重制约了电炉法路线的发展。在此，我们将以中国为重点，强调 DRI 未来发展的挑战和途径。在短期内，用焦炉煤气（COG）和炼化一体化行业的副产品气替代天然气，是在中国发展天然气路线的一种更经济可行、更清洁的方式。随着能源革命的推进，化石燃料与碳捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）以及氢气的结合使用将因其相对较低的成本而成为一种很好的替代方案。从长远来看，预计 DRI 的生产将 100% 使用来自可再生能源的氢气。为制备用于直接还原（DR）的高质量颗粒，需要开发深加工技术和发明新型粘合剂，并且有必要进一步研究基于气体的一步法工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an Integrated CMUTs-Based Resonant Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of DNA with Improved Selectivity by Ethylene-Glycol Alkanethiols 利用乙二醇烷硫醇开发基于 CMUTs 的集成式共振生物传感器，用于无标记检测 DNA 并提高其选择性

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.12.015

Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-of-care applications, enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are promising tools for developing miniaturized high-performance biosensing complementary metal–oxide–silicon (CMOS) platforms. However, their operability is limited by inefficient functionalization, aggregation, crosstalk in the buffer, and the requirement for an external high-voltage (HV) power supply. In this study, we aimed to propose a CMUTs-based resonant biosensor integrated with a CMOS front–end interface coupled with ethylene–glycol alkanethiols to detect single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with large specificity. The topography of the functionalized surface was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Improved selectivity for on-chip hybridization was demonstrated by comparing complementary and non-complementary single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides using fluorescence imaging technology. The sensor array was further characterized using a five-element lumped equivalent model. The 4 mm² application-specific integrated circuit chip was designed and developed through 0.18 μm HV bipolar-CMOS-double diffused metal–oxide–silicon (DMOS) technology (BCD) to generate on-chip 20 V HV boosting and to track feedback frequency under a standard 1.8 V supply, with a total power consumption of 3.8 mW in a continuous mode. The measured results indicated a detection sensitivity of 7.943 × 10⁻³ μmol∙L⁻¹∙Hz⁻¹ over a concentration range of 1 to 100 μmol∙L⁻¹. In conclusion, the label-free biosensing of DNA under dry conditions was successfully demonstrated using a microfabricated CMUT array with a 2 MHz frequency on CMOS electronics with an internal HV supplier. Moreover, ethylene–glycol alkanethiols successfully deposited self-assembled monolayers on aluminum electrodes, which has never been attempted thus far on CMUTs, to enhance the selectivity of bio-functionalization. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of full-on-chip DNA biosensing with CMUTs.

受重力共振启发的生物传感器在工业和护理点应用中吸引了越来越多的关注，它可以对 DNA 和抗体等生物标记物进行无标记检测。电容式微机械超声换能器（CMUT）是开发微型高性能生物传感互补金属氧化物硅（CMOS）平台的理想工具。然而，由于功能化效率低、聚集、缓冲器串扰以及需要外部高压（HV）电源，它们的可操作性受到了限制。在本研究中，我们旨在提出一种基于 CMUTs 的共振生物传感器，该传感器集成了 CMOS 前端接口和乙二醇烷硫醇，可检测具有高度特异性的单链 DNA 寡核苷酸。能量色散 X 射线显微分析对功能化表面的形貌进行了表征。通过使用荧光成像技术比较互补和非互补单链 DNA 寡核苷酸，证明了芯片杂交选择性的提高。该传感器阵列使用五元素叠加等效模型进行了进一步表征。通过 0.18 μm HV 双极-CMOS-双扩散金属氧化物-硅（DMOS）技术（BCD）设计和开发了 4 mm2 特定应用集成电路芯片，在标准 1.8 V 电源下产生片上 20 V HV 升压并跟踪反馈频率，在连续模式下总功耗为 3.8 mW。测量结果表明，在 1 至 100 μmol∙L-1 的浓度范围内，检测灵敏度为 7.943 × 10-3 μmol∙L-1∙Hz-1。总之，在带有内部高压供应商的 CMOS 电子设备上使用频率为 2 MHz 的微加工 CMUT 阵列，成功地演示了在干燥条件下对 DNA 的无标记生物传感。此外，乙二醇烷硫醇成功地在铝电极上沉积了自组装单层，这是迄今为止在 CMUT 上从未尝试过的，从而提高了生物功能化的选择性。这项研究的结果表明了利用 CMUT 实现全芯片 DNA 生物传感的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

A Single-Board Integrated Millimeter-Wave Asymmetric Full-Digital Beamforming Array for B5G/6G Applications 用于 B5G/6G 应用的单板集成毫米波非对称全数字波束成形阵列

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.013

In this article, a single-board integrated millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) asymmetric full-digital beamforming (AFDBF) array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communications. The proposed integrated array effectively addresses the challenge of arranging a large number of ports in a full-digital array by designing vertical connections in a three-dimensional space and successfully integrating full-digital transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) arrays independently in a single board. Unlike the traditional symmetric array, the proposed asymmetric array is composed of an 8 × 8 Tx array arranged in a square shape and an 8 + 8 Rx array arranged in an L shape. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent elements is 0.54λ₀ for both the Tx and Rx arrays, where λ₀ is the free-space wavelength at 27 GHz. The proposed AFDBF array possesses a more compact structure and lower system hardware cost and power consumption compared with conventional brick-type full-digital arrays. In addition, the energy efficiency of the proposed AFDBF array outperforms that of a hybrid beamforming array. The measurement results indicate that the operating frequency band of the proposed array is 24.25–29.50 GHz. An eight-element linear array within the Tx array can achieve a scanning angle ranging from −47° to +47° in both the azimuth and the elevation planes, and the measured scanning range of each eight-element Rx array is –45° to +45°. The measured maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the eight-element Tx array is 43.2 dBm at 28.0 GHz (considering the saturation point). Furthermore, the measured error vector magnitude (EVM) is less than 3% when 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) waveforms are used.

本文为第五代（B5G）和第六代（6G）通信开发了一种单板集成毫米波（mm-Wave）非对称全数字波束成形（AFDBF）阵列。所提出的集成阵列通过在三维空间中设计垂直连接，有效地解决了在全数字阵列中布置大量端口的难题，并成功地将全数字发射（Tx）和接收（Rx）阵列独立集成在一块电路板上。与传统的对称阵列不同，所提出的非对称阵列由一个呈正方形排列的 8 × 8 Tx 阵列和一个呈 L 形排列的 8 + 8 Rx 阵列组成。对于 Tx 和 Rx 阵列，两个相邻元件之间的中心到中心距离均为 0.54λ0，其中 λ0 为 27 GHz 时的自由空间波长。与传统的砖式全数字阵列相比，拟议的 AFDBF 阵列结构更紧凑，系统硬件成本和功耗更低。此外，拟议的 AFDBF 阵列的能效优于混合波束成形阵列。测量结果表明，拟议阵列的工作频带为 24.25-29.50 GHz。发射阵列中的八元线性阵列可在方位角和仰角平面上实现 -47° 至 +47° 的扫描角度，每个八元接收阵列的实测扫描范围为 -45° 至 +45°。在 28.0 GHz（考虑到饱和点）频率下，八元发射机阵列的实测最大有效各向同性辐射功率（EIRP）为 43.2 dBm。此外，在使用 64 正交振幅调制（QAM）波形时，测得的误差矢量幅度（EVM）小于 3%。

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引用次数: 0

Carboxyl Ester Lipase Protects Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Binding to Fatty Acid Synthase 羧基酯脂肪酶通过与脂肪酸合成酶结合防止代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝炎

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.018

Carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), a pivotal enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, is recurrently mutated in obese mice. Here, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic potential of CEL in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Hepatocyte-specific carboxyl ester lipase gene (Cel) knockout (Cel^ΔHEP) and wildtype (WT) littermates were fed with choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD) for 16 weeks, or methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) for three weeks to induce MASH. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to identify the downstream targets of CEL. CD-HFD/MCD-fed WT mice received intravenous injections of CEL-adeno-associated viral, serotype 8 (AAV8) to induce specific overexpression of CEL in the liver. We observed a decrease in CEL protein levels in MASH induced by CD-HFD or MCD in mice. Cel^ΔHEP mice fed with CD-HFD or MCD exhibited pronounced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and liver injury compared to WT littermates, accompanied by increased hepatic nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation. Consistently, Cel knockdown in mouse primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells aggravated lipid accumulation and inflammation, whereas CEL overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, CEL directly bound to fatty acid synthase (FASN), resulting in reduced FASN SUMOylation, which in turn promoted FASN degradation through the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of FASN ameliorated hepatocyte lipid accumulation and inflammation induced by Cel knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Hepatocyte-specific CEL overexpression using AAV8-Cel significantly mitigated steatohepatitis in mice fed with CD-HFD or MCD. CEL protects against steatohepatitis development by directly interacting with FASN and suppressing its expression for de novo lipogenesis. CEL overexpression confers a therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.

羧基酯脂肪酶（CEL）是一种参与脂质代谢的关键酶，在肥胖小鼠中反复发生突变。在此，我们旨在阐明 CEL 在代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝炎（MASH）中的功能意义、分子机制和治疗潜力。用胆碱缺乏的高脂饮食（CD-HFD）或蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏的饮食（MCD）喂养肝细胞特异性羧基酯脂肪酶基因（Cel）敲除（CelΔHEP）和野生型（WT）小鼠16周，以诱导MASH。研究人员采用液相色谱-质谱法和共免疫沉淀法来确定CEL的下游靶标。CD-HFD/MCD 喂养的 WT 小鼠静脉注射 CEL 腺相关病毒血清型 8（AAV8）以诱导 CEL 在肝脏中特异性过表达。我们观察到，在 CD-HFD 或 MCD 诱导的小鼠 MASH 中，CEL 蛋白水平有所下降。与 WT 小鼠相比，用 CD-HFD 或 MCD 喂养的 CelΔHEP 小鼠表现出明显的肝脏脂肪变性、炎症、脂质过氧化和肝损伤，同时伴有肝脏核因子卡巴轻链-活化 B 细胞增强子（NF-κB）激活增加。同样，在小鼠原代肝细胞和 AML12 细胞中敲除 Cel 会加剧脂质积累和炎症，而过表达 CEL 则会产生相反的效果。从机理上讲，CEL 直接与脂肪酸合成酶（FASN）结合，导致 FASN SUMOylation 减少，进而促进 FASN 通过蛋白酶体途径降解。此外，抑制 FASN 可改善 Cel 敲除在体内和体外诱导的肝细胞脂质积累和炎症。使用AAV8-Cel过表达肝细胞特异性CEL可显著减轻以CD-HFD或MCD喂养的小鼠的脂肪性肝炎。CEL 通过直接与 FASN 相互作用并抑制其表达以促进脂肪的新生，从而防止脂肪性肝炎的发生。CEL 的过表达对脂肪性肝炎有治疗作用。

{"title":"Carboxyl Ester Lipase Protects Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Binding to Fatty Acid Synthase","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), a pivotal enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, is recurrently mutated in obese mice. Here, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic potential of CEL in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Hepatocyte-specific carboxyl ester lipase gene (<em>Cel</em>) knockout (<em>Cel</em><sup>ΔHEP</sup>) and wildtype (WT) littermates were fed with choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD) for 16 weeks, or methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) for three weeks to induce MASH. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to identify the downstream targets of CEL. CD-HFD/MCD-fed WT mice received intravenous injections of CEL-adeno-associated viral, serotype 8 (AAV8) to induce specific overexpression of CEL in the liver. We observed a decrease in CEL protein levels in MASH induced by CD-HFD or MCD in mice. <em>Cel</em><sup>ΔHEP</sup> mice fed with CD-HFD or MCD exhibited pronounced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and liver injury compared to WT littermates, accompanied by increased hepatic nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation. Consistently, <em>Cel</em> knockdown in mouse primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells aggravated lipid accumulation and inflammation, whereas CEL overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, CEL directly bound to fatty acid synthase (FASN), resulting in reduced FASN SUMOylation, which in turn promoted FASN degradation through the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of FASN ameliorated hepatocyte lipid accumulation and inflammation induced by <em>Cel</em> knockdown <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Hepatocyte-specific CEL overexpression using AAV8-<em>Cel</em> significantly mitigated steatohepatitis in mice fed with CD-HFD or MCD. CEL protects against steatohepatitis development by directly interacting with FASN and suppressing its expression for <em>de novo</em> lipogenesis. CEL overexpression confers a therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Resolution Measurement Method for Inner and Outer 3D Surface Profiles of Laser Fusion Targets Using a Laser Differential Confocal–Atomic Force Probe Technique 利用激光差分共焦-原子力探针技术高分辨率测量激光融合靶内外三维表面轮廓的方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.016

The high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer three-dimensional (3D) surface profiles of laser fusion targets is difficult to achieve. In this study, we propose a laser differential confocal (LDC)–atomic force probe (AFP) method to measure the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of laser fusion targets at a high resolution. This method utilizes the LDC method to detect the deflection of the AFP and exploits the high spatial resolution of the AFP to enhance the spatial resolution of the outer profile measurement. Nondestructive and co-reference measurements of the inner profile of a target were achieved using the tomographic characteristics of the LDC method. Furthermore, by combining multiple repositionings of the target using a horizontal slewing shaft, the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of the target were obtained, along with a power spectrum assessment of the entire surface. The experimental results revealed that the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the outer profile measurement were 0.5 and 1.3 nm, while the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the inner profile measurement were 2.0 nm and approximately 400.0 nm. The repeatabilities of the root-mean-square deviation measurements for the outer and inner profiles of the target were 2.6 and 2.4 nm, respectively. We believe our study provides a promising method for the high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer 3D profiles of laser fusion targets.

激光聚变靶内外三维（3D）表面轮廓的高分辨率无损共参照测量难以实现。在本研究中，我们提出了一种激光差分共焦（LDC）-原子力探针（AFP）方法，用于高分辨率测量激光聚变靶内外三维表面轮廓。该方法利用 LDC 方法检测原子力探针的偏转，并利用原子力探针的高空间分辨率来提高外轮廓测量的空间分辨率。利用 LDC 方法的断层扫描特性，实现了对目标内部轮廓的无损和共参照测量。此外，通过使用水平回转轴对目标进行多次重新定位，获得了目标的内外三维表面轮廓以及整个表面的功率谱评估。实验结果表明，外轮廓测量的轴向和横向分辨率分别为 0.5 和 1.3 nm，而内轮廓测量的轴向和横向分辨率分别为 2.0 nm 和大约 400.0 nm。目标外轮廓和内轮廓测量的均方根偏差重复性分别为 2.6 和 2.4 nm。我们相信，我们的研究为高分辨率和无损共参照测量激光聚变目标的内外三维轮廓提供了一种可行的方法。

{"title":"A High-Resolution Measurement Method for Inner and Outer 3D Surface Profiles of Laser Fusion Targets Using a Laser Differential Confocal–Atomic Force Probe Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer three-dimensional (3D) surface profiles of laser fusion targets is difficult to achieve. In this study, we propose a laser differential confocal (LDC)–atomic force probe (AFP) method to measure the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of laser fusion targets at a high resolution. This method utilizes the LDC method to detect the deflection of the AFP and exploits the high spatial resolution of the AFP to enhance the spatial resolution of the outer profile measurement. Nondestructive and co-reference measurements of the inner profile of a target were achieved using the tomographic characteristics of the LDC method. Furthermore, by combining multiple repositionings of the target using a horizontal slewing shaft, the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of the target were obtained, along with a power spectrum assessment of the entire surface. The experimental results revealed that the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the outer profile measurement were 0.5 and 1.3 nm, while the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the inner profile measurement were 2.0 nm and approximately 400.0 nm. The repeatabilities of the root-mean-square deviation measurements for the outer and inner profiles of the target were 2.6 and 2.4 nm, respectively. We believe our study provides a promising method for the high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer 3D profiles of laser fusion targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Intelligent Quality Control Method for Manufacturing Processes Based on a Human–Cyber–Physical Knowledge Graph 基于人-网络-物理知识图谱的制造过程智能质量控制方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.022

Shilong Wang , Jinhan Yang , Bo Yang , Dong Li , Ling Kang

Quality management is a constant and significant concern in enterprises. Effective determination of correct solutions for comprehensive problems helps avoid increased backtesting costs. This study proposes an intelligent quality control method for manufacturing processes based on a human–cyber–physical (HCP) knowledge graph, which is a systematic method that encompasses the following elements: data management and classification based on HCP ternary data, HCP ontology construction, knowledge extraction for constructing an HCP knowledge graph, and comprehensive application of quality control based on HCP knowledge. The proposed method implements case retrieval, automatic analysis, and assisted decision making based on an HCP knowledge graph, enabling quality monitoring, inspection, diagnosis, and maintenance strategies for quality control. In practical applications, the proposed modular and hierarchical HCP ontology exhibits significant superiority in terms of shareability and reusability of the acquired knowledge. Moreover, the HCP knowledge graph deeply integrates the provided HCP data and effectively supports comprehensive decision making. The proposed method was implemented in cases involving an automotive production line and a gear manufacturing process, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by the application system deployed. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to other manufacturing process quality control tasks.

质量管理是企业持续关注的重要问题。有效确定综合问题的正确解决方案有助于避免增加回测成本。本研究提出了一种基于人-机-物（HCP）知识图谱的制造过程智能质量控制方法，该方法是一种系统化的方法，包含以下要素：基于 HCP 三元数据的数据管理与分类、HCP 本体构建、构建 HCP 知识图谱的知识提取以及基于 HCP 知识的质量控制综合应用。所提出的方法实现了基于 HCP 知识图谱的病例检索、自动分析和辅助决策，实现了质量监控、检验、诊断和维护的质量控制策略。在实际应用中，所提出的模块化分层 HCP 本体在知识的可共享性和可重用性方面表现出明显的优势。此外，HCP 知识图谱还能深度整合所提供的 HCP 数据，有效支持综合决策。所提出的方法在涉及汽车生产线和齿轮制造过程的案例中得到了实施，所部署的应用系统也验证了该方法的有效性。此外，所提出的方法还可以扩展到其他制造过程质量控制任务中。

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引用次数: 0