Engineering最新文献

{"title":"GlycoPro: A High-Throughput Sample-Processing Platform for Multi-Glycosylation-Omics Analysis","authors":"Xuejiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Meng ,&nbsp;Bin Fu ,&nbsp;Haoru Song ,&nbsp;Bing Gu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Haojie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosylation-omics has emerged as a prominent field for early detection and diagnosis by identifying alterations in glycosylation patterns linked to cancer. In the realm of clinical multi-glycosylation-omics applications, there is a critical need for robust, efficient, and cost-effective preprocessing methodologies capable of handling large sample cohorts. To bridge this gap, we introduce the GlycoPro platform, an innovative solution designed to overcome the limitations of existing analysis methods. Tailored for multi-glycosylation-omics sample preprocessing, GlycoPro refines existing workflows by seamlessly integrating steps including protein extraction, desalting, digestion, derivatization, and enrichment. The GlycoPro platform employs a 96-well plate format, enabling the efficient enrichment or desalting of up to 384 samples in a single day. This capability represents a significant increase in throughput, meeting the demands of large-scale clinical sample preprocessing for mass spectrometry analysis. The GlycoPro platform was used to successfully enrich serum <em>N</em>-glycans from breast cancer patients, revealing unique glycomic signatures that distinguish malignant from benign conditions. We have developed a robust <em>N</em>-glycan biomarker panel, demonstrating a sensitivity of 88.24% and a specificity of 78.95% in diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Avenues for Human Blood Plasma Biomarker Discovery via Improved In-Depth Analysis of the Low-Abundant N-Glycoproteome","authors":"Frania J. Zuniga-Banuelos ,&nbsp;Marcus Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Udo Reichl ,&nbsp;Erdmann Rapp","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand the implications of protein glycosylation for clinical diagnostics and biopharmaceuticals, innovative glycoproteomic technologies are required. Recently, significant advances have been made in such technologies, particularly in the area of structure-focused <em>N-</em>glyco-proteomic analyses. Mass spectrometric analysis of intact <em>N-</em>glycopeptides using stepped collision fragmentation along with glycan oxonium ion profiling now makes it possible to reliably discriminate between different <em>N-</em>glycan structures. Still, current <em>N-</em>glycoproteomic approaches have weaknesses that must be overcome, namely ① the handling of incorrect identifications, ② the identification of rare and modified <em>N-</em>glycans, and ③ insufficient glycoproteomic coverage, especially in complex samples. To address these shortcomings, we have established an innovative <em>N-</em>glycoproteomic workflow that aims to provide comprehensive site-specific and structural <em>N-</em>glycoproteomic data on human blood plasma (HBP) glycoproteins. The workflow features protein depletion plus a fractionation strategy and the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry with stepped collision fragmentation. Furthermore, by including a new decision tree procedure developed for data validation, we can significantly improve the description of <em>N-</em>glycan micro-heterogeneity. Our advanced data analysis workflow allows the reliable differentiation of ambiguous <em>N-</em>glycan structures such as antenna versus core fucosylation, as well as modified and rare <em>N-</em>glycans such as sulfated and glucuronidated ones. With this workflow, we were able to achieve the detection of HBP glycoproteins with reported concentrations within the ng·mL⁻¹ level. A total of 1929 <em>N-</em>glycopeptides and 942 <em>N-</em>glycosites derived from 805 human middle- to low-abundant glycoproteins were identified. Overall, the presented workflow holds great potential to improve our understanding of protein glycosylation and to foster the discovery of blood plasma biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Modulation of Pt d Electrons to Significantly Enhance the Catalytic Dehydrogenation Performance of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers","authors":"Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Tianzuo Wang ,&nbsp;Ruijie Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Xue ,&nbsp;Chengxiang Shi ,&nbsp;Xiangwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lun Pan ,&nbsp;Ji-Jun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.07.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the intrinsic features of dehydrogenation reactions of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) is a formidable challenge due to the combined impact of electronic and geometric effects. Herein, we constructed a series of Pt/MO<em>_x</em> catalysts (CeO₂, MgO, ZrO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, or SiO₂) with similar sizes of Pt (∼1.7 nm) to investigate the effects of Pt electron structures (tuned by electronic metal–support interactions) on the catalytic dehydrogenation of LOHCs. The results revealed a volcano-shaped correlation between Pt d electrons on different supports and the turnover frequency of catalytic dehydrogenation. Importantly, the Pt/MgO catalyst exhibited the highest dehydrogenation activity. With decreasing d electron content, Pt/MgO increases the bonding orbital dominance of Pt–C bonds and leads to stable adsorption of H6-monobenzyltoluene (MBT), which facilitates subsequent C–H bond scission. This study offers insight for the strategic development of high-efficiency dehydrogenation catalysts via d electron density modulation of Pt sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms by S-Adenosylmethionine-Producing Probiotics","authors":"Peijun Tian ,&nbsp;Yuming Lan ,&nbsp;Zhiying Jin ,&nbsp;Feng Hang ,&nbsp;Xuhua Mao ,&nbsp;Xing Jin ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current first-line medications for sleep disorders often overlap with antidepressants, yet their effectiveness remains suboptimal, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies based on new mechanisms. Our study initially identified a significant reduction in serum <em>S</em>-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels in insomnia patients through a cross-sectional analysis, suggesting SAM as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for sleep disorders. We then screened 60 gut strains across seven species and identified a high-SAM-producing probiotic, <em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> CCFM1320, which improved cognitive and memory impairments caused by sleep deprivation in mice. Mechanistically, CCFM1320 enhances the methylation of <em>N</em>-acetylserotonin, a precursor of melatonin synthesis, normalizing the expression of downstream circadian rhythm genes. A subsequent four-week placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrated that CCFM1320 significantly improved sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders, as evidenced by reduced Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores, lower serum cortisol levels, and decreased prevalence of pathogenic species in the gut. Probiotic treatment also elevated the abundance of SAM synthesis and metabolism-related enzyme genes in the gut microbiome, likely due to the introduction of high-SAM-producing probiotics and subsequent SAM accumulation. This study presents a promising probiotic-based strategy for managing sleep disorders, offering a potential non-pharmacological treatment alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 250-261"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Machine Learning-Based Position Recognition in Laser Nanofabrication with Sub-Half-Wavelength Precision","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinchuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Guiyuan Cao ,&nbsp;Han Lin ,&nbsp;Baohua Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser nanofabrication with tightly focused ultrafast laser pulses enable versatile fabrication of arbitrary two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures. Accurate positioning of the laser focal spot is crucial, especially for high-resolution integrated devices in 2D materials, requiring precise placement on atomically thin surfaces. However, uneven surfaces and surface tilt poses significant challenges. Existing methods to detect focal positions often involve complex setups with additional optical components or sensors, achieving limited accuracy. This study introduces a machine learning-based method to accurately detect the focal position during laser nanofabrication by analyzing the shape and intensity of the laser focal spot. We compare four machine learning methods: rational quadratic Gaussian process regression, kernel approximation least square, quadratic support vector machine, and trilayered neural network. Our experiments show that trilayered neural network (TNN) method achieves a detection accuracy of 257 nm (half the fabrication laser wavelength), surpassing the required accuracy for tightly focused laser beam (typically larger than one wavelength). This method can map focal positions along the fabrication trajectory to compensate for surface roughness or tilt. Moreover, it can be directly implemented in any laser nanofabrication system with a camera for <em>in situ</em> monitoring, without requiring additional optical components, indicating broad applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Plasmid Conjugation with Cinnamic Acid: A Novel Approach to Combat Antibiotic Resistance","authors":"Gong Li ,&nbsp;Ang Gao ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Tian-Hong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shi-Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Li-Juan Xia ,&nbsp;Lei Wan ,&nbsp;Yu-Zhang He ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Jia-Min Zheng ,&nbsp;Hao Ren ,&nbsp;Sheng-Qiu Tang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Liao ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) continues to worsen, with plasmid-mediated conjugation serving as a major transmission route. Although developing conjugation inhibitors to block this process is a promising strategy, current options are limited by toxicity and poor <em>in vivo</em> efficacy. This study evaluated the effect of cinnamic acid (CA; 3-phenyl-2-acrylic acid), a widely abundant food additive found in cinnamon, on plasmid conjugation. CA effectively inhibited the conjugation of various resistance plasmids <em>in vitro</em>, <em>ex vivo</em>, and <em>in vivo</em>. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that CA disrupts the electron transport chain (ETC) and proton motive force (PMF) by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, leading to reduced intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—a critical factor for plasmid conjugation. Biocompatibility assays showed that CA maintains high biosafety while preserving gut microbiota homeostasis. Therefore, these findings provide new insights into ARG inhibition and highlight the potential of CA as a novel strategy to combat the global rise in antibiotic-resistant infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Mechanistic Study of Live-Cell Glycocalyx Engineering: Improving Adoptive Cell Therapies Against B Lymphoma","authors":"Yuxin Li ,&nbsp;Tao Gao ,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Han ,&nbsp;Valeria M. Stepanova ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Hongmin Chen ,&nbsp;Alexey Stepanov ,&nbsp;Senlian Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have achieved remarkable clinical success in treating cancers; however, their broader application is greatly impeded by high cost and restricted antigen specificity. Recently, engineering the glycocalyx has provided a convenient transgene-free means to design ACTs with high-avidity glycan ligands to target CD22, offering a new avenue for B lymphoma immunotherapy. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of the molecular profiles involved in metabolic or chemoenzymatic glycocalyx engineering and explore their multiplexing capability. The glycoproteomic results revealed content-dependent customization of the natural killer (NK)-92MI glycocalyx. Compared with metabolic engineering, exogenous chemoenzymatic engineering has comparable or even superior ligand-loading efficiency, with some immune synapse components modified to facilitate their spatial recognition against target cells. Next, we tested the orthogonal creation of ligands on NK-92MI cells by further engineering α2,3-sialylated <em>N</em>-acetyllactosamine moieties to produce selectin ligands that are essential for better <em>in vivo</em> eradication of mouse xenograft B lymphoma. Finally, we demonstrate that analogous engineering of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells to produce CD19/CD22 bitargeted therapy can enhance antigen targeting and tumor cell killing, offering an alternative cost-efficient agent for treating cancer relapse with decreased levels of CD19 antigens. These findings establish a mechanistic foundation for glycocalyx engineering and support the rational design of next-generation ACTs against B lymphoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgG Fucosylation: An Emerging Key Player in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19","authors":"Caiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingrong Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Baoling Shang ,&nbsp;Danna Lin ,&nbsp;Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Hong Ren ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Wen Rui ,&nbsp;Xu Zou ,&nbsp;Hudan Pan ,&nbsp;Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein glycosylation is one of the most vital modifications. Understanding the role of protein glycosylation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the key in elucidating its pathogenesis and developing therapeutic strategies. We conducted a case-control study to examine the total fucosylation levels and the levels of individual immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtypes in the serum of COVID-19 patients. Notably, we identified 13 glycosyltransferase-related and glycosidase-related genes displaying differential expression among COVID-19 patients. Our findings from the detection of serum fucosylation levels in COVID-19 patients revealed a diminished degree of glycosylation. Furthermore, the analysis of the levels of different IgG subtypes revealed an increase in IgG1 fucosylation and a decrease in IgG2 fucosylation, with the latter being linked to patients’ body temperature and disease progression. The change in COVID-19 disease severity from mild to severe may be related to fucosylation. The single-cell sequencing analysis revealed the expression of members of the fucosyltransferase family in the plasma cells and plasmablasts of COVID-19 patients. We leveraged the recommended medication for severe COVID-19, Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction (FZJDD), to confirm the importance of fucosylation in severe COVID-19. The network pharmacology analysis of FZJDD revealed that fucosylation inhibition might contribute to its antiviral effects against COVID-19. We assessed the efficacy of this compound in septic mice, by monitoring serum fucosylation levels, and found that FZJDD significantly alleviated inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic mice. Concurrently, the analysis of plasma fucosylation levels in septic mice indicated a marked decrease in total fucosylation. The glycan analysis revealed the involvement of α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) and α-<em>L</em>-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), a pair of interacting fucosidases, in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This study revealed substantial alterations in fucosylation among patients with severe COVID-19, with the primary variations observed in the IgG2 subtype. These changes are intricately coordinated by the mutual regulation of the FUT8 and FUCA1 enzymes. Furthermore, the endorsement of FZJDD as a recommended therapeutic option for severe COVID-19 underscores the promising potential of defucosylation as a viable treatment strategy for this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 72-86"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144824919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Self-Sensing Steel Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Bars: Theory and Test Validation","authors":"Zenghui Ye ,&nbsp;Zhongfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Feng Xing ,&nbsp;Yingwu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel self-sensing steel fiber-reinforced polymer composite bar (SFCB). The SFCB combines damage control, self-sensing, and structural reinforcement functions using distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology. By combining DFOS strains with theoretical and numerical models, a multilevel performance method for damage assessment is proposed from the perspectives of safety, suitability, and durability. Stiffness is a metric used to assess the complete service history of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure, which was used to define the damage variables. Initially, a basic correlation is created between the SFCB strain and several performance characteristics, such as moment, curvature, load, deflection, stiffness, and crack breadth, at characteristic points. The threshold values of damage variables for safety, serviceability, and durability were determined based on loading peak, mid-span deflection limits, and crack width limits corresponding to the damage variables. Then, a modified fiber damage model based on DFOS strain data is proposed to improve identification, quantification, and tracking for fiber damage. Finally, the reliability of the proposed theoretical and numerical models was verified by three-point flexural tests of SFCB–RC beams, and the test beams were analyzed using the proposed method. The results show that increasing the reinforcement ratio can lower the threshold at all levels and improve the ability of the flexural beams to control damage. This study contributes to advancing the intelligence of RC structures and offers valuable insights for the design of intelligent RC structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 283-301"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Space–Ground Fluid AI for 6G Edge Intelligence” [Engineering 54 (2025) 14–19]","authors":"Qian Chen, Zhanwei Wang, Xianhao Chen, Juan Wen, Di Zhou, Sijing Ji, Min Sheng, Kaibin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"The work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China under a fellowship award (HKU RFS2122-7S04), the National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Scheme (CRS_HKU702/24), the Areas of Excellence Scheme (AoE/E-601/22-R), the Collaborative Research Fund (C1009-22G), the General Research Fund (17212423), the Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Macao Technology Research Programme (Type C; SGDX20230821091559018), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62461160329 and 62371368). The authors apologize for the omission of the above funding information in the originally published article.","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}