Fitoterapia最新文献

The use of plant bioreactors for the production of medicinal proteins has emerged as a promising and cost-effective alternative to traditional microbial and mammalian cell culture systems. This review provides a focused examination of the critical role of promoters in enhancing the production of therapeutic proteins within plant-based platforms. We discuss the latest advancements in promoter discovery, modification, and optimization for the expression of medicinal proteins in plants. The review highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with various types of promoters, including constitutive, tissue-specific, and inducible promoters, and their impact on medicinal protein yield and quality. Case studies are presented to illustrate the successful application of these promoter engineering techniques in plant bioreactors, emphasizing the potential for scalable and sustainable production of pharmaceutical proteins. Additionally, we explore the strategies for improving promoter function. This review is intended to guide researchers and industry professionals in the selection and design of promoters for the enhanced production of medicinal proteins in plant bioreactors.

One new polyketide asperfuranone D (1), four new sesquiterpenes derivatives aspergillone C-F (2-5) and three known compounds (6-8) were successfully isolated from Aspergillus nidulans LZ8, a fungicolous fungi from the macrofungal Ganoderma lingzhi. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of the new compounds were evaluated using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results revealed that compound 5 showed moderate nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 13.19 ± 1.05 μM, while the IC₅₀ value of the positive control L-NMMA was 41.88 ± 0.91 μM.

A new method for the production and isolation of (+)-palitantin (1) is herein reported, from cultures of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. AMF1a. (+)-Palitantin was isolated in 160 mg/L yield, as an alternative procedure to obtain 1 at a larger scale. The complete spectroscopic characterization, including conformational analysis, is presented for (+)-palitantin (1) and for its derivatives 3-α-palitantol (2), 3-β-palitantol (3), (Z)-palinitrorin (4), (Z)-paliphenin (5), (Z)-palifluorin (6) and (E)-palifluorin (7). The absolute configuration of the palitantin portion was confirmed by X-ray analysis of compound 4. The (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-hydrazone derivatives (6 and 7) displayed moderate biological activities. (Z)-Palifluorin (6) exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity, while (E)-palifluorin (7) displayed weak antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus, while palitantin itself was inactive in the same bioassays, indicating that the semi-synthesis of nitrogenated derivatives of 1 may be of potential interest to generate bioactive palitantin derivatives.

Two undescribed C₁₇-Labdane diterpenoid alkaloids, named forsylinfenines A and B (1-2), attributable to a rare 4,4,10,13-tetramethyl-1(2),3(4),5(10),6(7)-octahydrobenzo[f]quinolin skeleton, along with three known β-carboline-type alkaloids (3-5), were isolated. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of two undescribed compounds were established by means of integrated spectroscopic techniques and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of compounds 1 and 2 was proposed. In vitro, five alkaloids (1-5), especially two undescribed alkaloids with rare skeleton (1-2), exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities due to inhibiting the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as effective anti-oxidant activities owing to preventing the production of ROS in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

The Tripleurospermum (L.) Sch.Bip, (Asteraceae) genus, comprises 30 to 40 species widely spread in the northern hemisphere, and across the Mediterranean region. Out of the seven taxa encountered in Greece, four can only be found in specific areas, with limited spread throughout the country. The current work describes the phytochemical investigation, using modern analytical techniques, of the differences between the aerial parts of T. tempskyanum and T. rosellum collected from two floristic regions of Greece (Lesvos isl. and Mt. Parnon) and the common chamomile (Matricaria recutita). GC-MS was first applied for the analysis of the essential oils and dichloromethane extracts, significantly differentiating M. recutita from the Tripleurospermum taxa. Afterwards, a fractionation of T. tempskyanum 's non-polar and polar extracts afforded their major compounds, thus assisting to the unambiguous distinction of different isomers of matricaria lactone, as well as the first-time isolation of demethyl brevisnosideyne. Finally, the polar extracts were analyzed by means of UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS/MS, revealing similarities among the species, with profiles dominated by cinnamic and flavonoid derivatives and fatty acids, with quantitative differences being observed for specific groups of compounds. Overall, the current study provides novel insight on the phytochemical differentiation between the studied genera and species.

Eight previously undescribed highly modified lanostane triterpenoids, ganoboninketals G-K (1-5), ganoboninone I (6), ganoderlactone G (7), and (24E)-3,11-dioxolanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid (8), were isolated from natural fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cf. hochiminhense. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data. Ganoboninketals G (1), H (2), and J (4) exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multidrug-resistant strain) with IC₅₀ values of 17, 16, and 5.1 μM, respectively.

Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the most common malignancies among women globally, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Despite widespread vaccination and screening programs, the incidence of cervical cancer remains high in developing countries.

Objective: This review aims to systematically summarize the existing terpenoids effective in preventing cervical cancer, elucidate their potential mechanisms in the prophylaxis and treatment of cervical cancer, and assess the limitations of current studies.

Results: Studies have shown that terpenoids can decrease the incidence of cervical cancer and promote apoptosis of cancer cells through various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway, and the mitochondria- and caspase-dependent cell death pathways. Furthermore, some terpenoids have been found to enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, thus improving patients' quality of life.

Conclusion: Terpenoids play a significant role in inhibiting the progression of cervical cancer. However, due to their diversity and complex mechanisms of action, further research is necessary to investigate their specific targets and bioactivities to advance their clinical trials and applications.

Astragalus membranaceus, a well-known traditional medicine and food, has been extensively studied for its roots. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to its stems and leaves. In this study, we successfully isolated and identified three new flavonoid glycosides (1-3), and eight known analogues (4-11) from the stems and leaves of A. membranaceus. Notably, compound 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced BV2 cells, with IC₅₀ value of 1.11 ± 0.04 μM. These findings highlight flavonoids as the key bioactive components present in the stems and leaves of A. membranaceus.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes, and inhibition of key carbohydrate digestion enzymes such as α-amylase (α-AMY) and α-glucosidase (α-GLU) is an effective therapeutic target. A potential unexplored source of inhibitory compounds of these enzymes is Brassica oleracea var. capitata L (BOCE). This study explored the in vitro inhibition mechanism of BOCE and studied in silico the interaction of its compounds identified and quantified by UPLC-QTOF-MS on α-AMY and α-GLU. BOCE demonstrated IC₅₀ values of 3.08 mg/mL for α-AMY and 22.63 mg/mL for α-GLU, indicating competitive and mixed-type inhibitions, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics identified 21 compounds, primarily phenolic acids such as t-cinnamic, sinapic, and caffeoylquinic acid. In the targeted analysis, 11 compounds were quantified, mainly phenolic acids. The most impactful biosynthetic pathways identified were phenylpropanoids and brassinosteroids. In silico analysis revealed that for α-AMY and α-GLU, castasterone and 26-hydroxybrassinolide displayed the lowest binding free energies with specific hydrogen bond patterns to catalytic residues in the binding site, respectively. B. oleracea is a promising source of compounds with the ability to modulate key enzymes related to hyperglycemia. Specifically, compounds such as castasterone and 26-hydroxybrassinolide show potential against α-AMY and α-GLU inhibition, offering a novel approach to diabetes.

Two new sesquiterpenol caffeates, bausesquitate A (1) and bausesquitate B (2), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Bauhinia brychycarpa. Structures of two compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, ECD spectra and DP4+ probability analysis. In vitro, compounds 1 and 2 showed better inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase than acarbose (IC₅₀ = 280.50 ± 6.27 μM) with the IC₅₀ values of 1.81 ± 0.12 μM and 3.79 ± 0.27 μM. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to analyze the potential binding sites.