Prakruti K. Jadav, Pinal Sukharamwala, Nirmala Mehta
Drug utilization study was observational concurrent study in which 75 pediatric patients with culture or serologically proven typhoid fever were enrolled from 5 private children hospitals of Surat region during September to December, 2021. Information like age, sex, weight, treatment history, presenting symptoms, haematological and diagnostic test data, pattern of use of antibiotic including type, route, dose, frequency, duration and response of patient to drug in term of fever clearance time were collected in patient data collection form. The typhoid fever was predominantly found in patients of age between 2 to 10 years. Ceftriaxone was used in 86.6% of patients. Only 18.3% patients had received dose of Ceftriaxone in range recommended by IAP and WHO i.e. between 75-100mg/kg. Rest patients had received drugs like cefixime, azithromycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin or chloramphenicol alone or in combination. The clinical resistance with ceftriaxone was observed in 6% of patients. Mean fever clearance time with ceftriaxone used as single therapy was found to be 3.30 days, which was not significantly different from that of those patients who received its combination with other drugs. Anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were found in 50.7%, 9.3% and 14.7% of patients respectively. The predominant features were fever (100%), anorexia (63.33%) followed by cough (25.33%), abdominal pain (24%) and diarrhea (18.6%). In Surat region, ceftriaxone is commonly used antimicrobial in hospitalized children with typhoid fever. Treatment protocol is not matched with IAP guideline but matched with trend of antibiotic used in another region. Indiscriminate use of drug is one of the important factors leading to drug resistance.
{"title":"Drug Utilization Study in Pediatric Patients with Typhoid Fever","authors":"Prakruti K. Jadav, Pinal Sukharamwala, Nirmala Mehta","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"Drug utilization study was observational concurrent study in which 75 pediatric patients with culture or serologically proven typhoid fever were enrolled from 5 private children hospitals of Surat region during September to December, 2021. Information like age, sex, weight, treatment history, presenting symptoms, haematological and diagnostic test data, pattern of use of antibiotic including type, route, dose, frequency, duration and response of patient to drug in term of fever clearance time were collected in patient data collection form. The typhoid fever was predominantly found in patients of age between 2 to 10 years. Ceftriaxone was used in 86.6% of patients. Only 18.3% patients had received dose of Ceftriaxone in range recommended by IAP and WHO i.e. between 75-100mg/kg. Rest patients had received drugs like cefixime, azithromycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin or chloramphenicol alone or in combination. The clinical resistance with ceftriaxone was observed in 6% of patients. Mean fever clearance time with ceftriaxone used as single therapy was found to be 3.30 days, which was not significantly different from that of those patients who received its combination with other drugs. Anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were found in 50.7%, 9.3% and 14.7% of patients respectively. The predominant features were fever (100%), anorexia (63.33%) followed by cough (25.33%), abdominal pain (24%) and diarrhea (18.6%). In Surat region, ceftriaxone is commonly used antimicrobial in hospitalized children with typhoid fever. Treatment protocol is not matched with IAP guideline but matched with trend of antibiotic used in another region. Indiscriminate use of drug is one of the important factors leading to drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77946452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Current treatments for psoriasis include topical corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and phototherapy, but these treatments may have limited efficacy or cause side effects. Curcumin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been shown to have potential as an alternative treatment for psoriasis. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of curcumin limit its effectiveness when administered orally or topically. Curcumin hydrogel, a topical formulation of curcumin, has been developed to address these limitations. In this review, we summarize the current research on the use of curcumin hydrogel in the treatment of psoriasis. We discuss the pharmacological properties of curcumin, the formulation of curcumin hydrogel, and the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of curcumin hydrogel in psoriasis. Overall, the available evidence suggests that curcumin hydrogel may be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis, with potential benefits in reducing inflammation, promoting wound healing, and improving overall quality of life for psoriasis patients. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of curcumin hydrogel and to optimize its formulation and delivery for maximum efficacy.
{"title":"Treatment of Psoriasis with the Help of Curcumin Hydrogel","authors":"Y. Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, A. Shukla, Vishal Rai","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.32","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Current treatments for psoriasis include topical corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and phototherapy, but these treatments may have limited efficacy or cause side effects. Curcumin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been shown to have potential as an alternative treatment for psoriasis. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of curcumin limit its effectiveness when administered orally or topically. Curcumin hydrogel, a topical formulation of curcumin, has been developed to address these limitations. In this review, we summarize the current research on the use of curcumin hydrogel in the treatment of psoriasis. We discuss the pharmacological properties of curcumin, the formulation of curcumin hydrogel, and the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of curcumin hydrogel in psoriasis. Overall, the available evidence suggests that curcumin hydrogel may be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis, with potential benefits in reducing inflammation, promoting wound healing, and improving overall quality of life for psoriasis patients. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of curcumin hydrogel and to optimize its formulation and delivery for maximum efficacy.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84022782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regarding to the self-compatibility test the 6 genotypes under the study show low self-fertilization and categorized in self-incompatible group, in evaluating the best time for hand pollination, the emasculated genotypes in the same day show significantly difference in responding to the hand pollination in the days After emasculation which the highest fruit set percentage recorded in 3 days after emasculation and decreased in other days when considering the 0 day to 8 days after emasculation the study shows the importance and emphasis of choosing the overlapping varieties in an orchard and considering the self- incompatibility of genotypes and pollinator in reform and development of new almond orchard.
{"title":"Assessment of Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) for Self-Compatibility and Stigma Receptivity Period Based on Fruit Set Index","authors":"Yasin Kawsar, Hakimullah Abid, Naseer Mukhlis, Saifullah Mangal","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding to the self-compatibility test the 6 genotypes under the study show low self-fertilization and categorized in self-incompatible group, in evaluating the best time for hand pollination, the emasculated genotypes in the same day show significantly difference in responding to the hand pollination in the days After emasculation which the highest fruit set percentage recorded in 3 days after emasculation and decreased in other days when considering the 0 day to 8 days after emasculation the study shows the importance and emphasis of choosing the overlapping varieties in an orchard and considering the self- incompatibility of genotypes and pollinator in reform and development of new almond orchard.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79366805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yash Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, Amrita Shukla, Vishal Rai
Medication errors can have serious consequences for patients in hospital settings. As medication experts, pharmacists play a critical role in preventing medication errors. This literature review examines the roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors in hospital settings. The review identified several roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors, including medication order review, medication reconciliation, providing drug information and education, and participation in interdisciplinary teams. The review also identified barriers to pharmacist involvement in preventing medication errors, such as limited access to patient information and limited communication with other healthcare professionals. Overall, the literature suggests that pharmacists can play a crucial role in preventing medication errors in hospital settings and that efforts should be made to overcome the barriers to their involvement.
{"title":"Assessment of the Role of Pharmacists in Preventing Medication Errors in Hospital Settings","authors":"Yash Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, Amrita Shukla, Vishal Rai","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.30","url":null,"abstract":"Medication errors can have serious consequences for patients in hospital settings. As medication experts, pharmacists play a critical role in preventing medication errors. This literature review examines the roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors in hospital settings. The review identified several roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors, including medication order review, medication reconciliation, providing drug information and education, and participation in interdisciplinary teams. The review also identified barriers to pharmacist involvement in preventing medication errors, such as limited access to patient information and limited communication with other healthcare professionals. Overall, the literature suggests that pharmacists can play a crucial role in preventing medication errors in hospital settings and that efforts should be made to overcome the barriers to their involvement.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76456851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grapes constitute a widely grown fruit in Afghanistan. Grapes can be grown just in anywhere but mostly in Kabul, Parwan, Kandahar, Zabul and Ghazni provinces. In Afghanistan there are three local varieties that offer the best commercial return for export: Shindokhani, Kishmishi and Taifi. New commercial varieties are also being introduced, such as Thompson Seedless and Red Globe, and are beginning to make inroads into foreign markets. The present study estimates the growth rate and instability of area, production, productivity of grape in top five provinces and Afghanistan as a whole during years 2011-12 to 2019-20. To analyse the growth rate and instability of area, production and productivity of grape, the statistical tools like Compound growth rate (CGR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) were used. The result of the study showed that, the CGR for production in the Kandahar and Ghazni provinces were found positive and significant. While negative growth rate were found in Kabul, Parwan and Zabul provinces. The instability of production and area were very high in Kandahar province compare to the other selected provinces.
{"title":"Growth and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of Grape Crop in Afghanistan","authors":"Hamidullah Younisi, Zabihullah Farid, Khalid Joya","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes constitute a widely grown fruit in Afghanistan. Grapes can be grown just in anywhere but mostly in Kabul, Parwan, Kandahar, Zabul and Ghazni provinces. In Afghanistan there are three local varieties that offer the best commercial return for export: Shindokhani, Kishmishi and Taifi. New commercial varieties are also being introduced, such as Thompson Seedless and Red Globe, and are beginning to make inroads into foreign markets. The present study estimates the growth rate and instability of area, production, productivity of grape in top five provinces and Afghanistan as a whole during years 2011-12 to 2019-20. To analyse the growth rate and instability of area, production and productivity of grape, the statistical tools like Compound growth rate (CGR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) were used. The result of the study showed that, the CGR for production in the Kandahar and Ghazni provinces were found positive and significant. While negative growth rate were found in Kabul, Parwan and Zabul provinces. The instability of production and area were very high in Kandahar province compare to the other selected provinces.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76781494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roaa M. H. Shoker, Wasan Hamza Al-Shammery, S. AL-Aidy
Free radical may be responsible of several pathophysiology disease for threatening human life, and they are produced from endogenous and exogenous sources. Using the balanced amount of nutritious diet lead to a good health, may be neutralizing or scavenging free radicals by antioxidants compounds. daily diet have large number of vitamin A, E and C, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc. as natural antioxidants, the main bases of them are fruits, cereals, vegetables, and beverages. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant substances are two different kinds that lessen the reactions of free radicals. In order to protect itself from reactive oxygen species, the human body uses an enzyme antioxidant. The two kinds of non-enzymatic antioxidants are natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants. The aim of this review is to knowledge a reasons which causes the free radical and balance them by natural antioxidant constituents, and replacement synthetic antioxidant by natural antioxidant, due to daily diet have large amounts from natural antioxidants, and natural antioxidants more effective than synthetic antioxidants, in additional they occurrence in nature and more inexpensive.
{"title":"A Review Article: Free Radical and Replacement Synthetic Antioxidant by Natural Antioxidant","authors":"Roaa M. H. Shoker, Wasan Hamza Al-Shammery, S. AL-Aidy","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"Free radical may be responsible of several pathophysiology disease for threatening human life, and they are produced from endogenous and exogenous sources. Using the balanced amount of nutritious diet lead to a good health, may be neutralizing or scavenging free radicals by antioxidants compounds. daily diet have large number of vitamin A, E and C, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc. as natural antioxidants, the main bases of them are fruits, cereals, vegetables, and beverages. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant substances are two different kinds that lessen the reactions of free radicals. In order to protect itself from reactive oxygen species, the human body uses an enzyme antioxidant. The two kinds of non-enzymatic antioxidants are natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants. The aim of this review is to knowledge a reasons which causes the free radical and balance them by natural antioxidant constituents, and replacement synthetic antioxidant by natural antioxidant, due to daily diet have large amounts from natural antioxidants, and natural antioxidants more effective than synthetic antioxidants, in additional they occurrence in nature and more inexpensive.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since ancient time in India. Celosia argentea linn. Is widely used in traditional medicine, to cure several disorders such as fever, diarrhea, mouth sores, itching wound, jaundice, gonorrhea and inflammation. Literaterature survey from books and journal of traditional Indian medicine revealed that celosia argentia linn. has a lot of medicinal properties. Leaves, stem and root have been reported for medicinal activity, the plant has pharmacologically been studied for various cativities like anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, anti-dibetes etc. However too many scientific studies have been carried out on this plant. For exploring these traditional uses. The present report is deals with traditional uses and pharmacological activity of celosia argentea linn. In the treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"Use and Phytochemical Activity of Celosia Argentea Linn","authors":"R. Sangeetha, L. Kanchana, M. Suresh","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient time in India. Celosia argentea linn. Is widely used in traditional medicine, to cure several disorders such as fever, diarrhea, mouth sores, itching wound, jaundice, gonorrhea and inflammation. Literaterature survey from books and journal of traditional Indian medicine revealed that celosia argentia linn. has a lot of medicinal properties. Leaves, stem and root have been reported for medicinal activity, the plant has pharmacologically been studied for various cativities like anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, anti-dibetes etc. However too many scientific studies have been carried out on this plant. For exploring these traditional uses. The present report is deals with traditional uses and pharmacological activity of celosia argentea linn. In the treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88457366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hekmat, Mohammad Daud Ahmadzai, Khanzad Gul Zazai, H. Ayoubi, Ahmad Javid Hekmat
Baby corn (Zea mays L.) refers to the whole, entirely edible cobs of immature corn harvested just before fertilization at 2-3 cm long silk emergence stage. The baby corn has a medium plant type and provides sweet, succulent and delicious green cobs within 65-75 days of sowing. Low quality yield of legumes and low yield of baby corn experienced due to continuous monoculture resulting from persistent soil depletion in the developing world have caused the need for a sustainable practice to improve quality and yield of aforementioned.
{"title":"Certified Organic Production of Babycorn (Zea mays L.) based Legume Intercropping System as a Substitute Pathway for Sustainable Agriculture - A Review","authors":"A. Hekmat, Mohammad Daud Ahmadzai, Khanzad Gul Zazai, H. Ayoubi, Ahmad Javid Hekmat","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Baby corn (Zea mays L.) refers to the whole, entirely edible cobs of immature corn harvested just before fertilization at 2-3 cm long silk emergence stage. The baby corn has a medium plant type and provides sweet, succulent and delicious green cobs within 65-75 days of sowing. Low quality yield of legumes and low yield of baby corn experienced due to continuous monoculture resulting from persistent soil depletion in the developing world have caused the need for a sustainable practice to improve quality and yield of aforementioned.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87086167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geopolitics means the effect of the geographical location of the region on the policies of other governments. Afghanistan, as a landlocked country, is a strategic geographical area because of its neighbors, and in principle, a country with a strategic position is inevitably part of the military strategy. Afghanistan also has this potential, so Afghanistan's geopolitical attractions have attracted the attention of superpowers from the past to the present. Understanding geopolitical codes is one of the factors that politicians of any government should try to identify to use the appropriate strategy to establish a strong diplomatic relationship with other countries.
{"title":"A Descriptive Look at the Factors Influencing the Geopolitics of Afghanistan","authors":"Ziaulhaq Amiri, Sharifullah Habibyar","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolitics means the effect of the geographical location of the region on the policies of other governments. Afghanistan, as a landlocked country, is a strategic geographical area because of its neighbors, and in principle, a country with a strategic position is inevitably part of the military strategy. Afghanistan also has this potential, so Afghanistan's geopolitical attractions have attracted the attention of superpowers from the past to the present. Understanding geopolitical codes is one of the factors that politicians of any government should try to identify to use the appropriate strategy to establish a strong diplomatic relationship with other countries.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83780651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hekmat, Mohammad Daud Ahmadzai, Nazir khan Mohammadi
A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of NPK and FYM under normal practice and system of wheat intensification (SWI). The soil of the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.4); and available N (117.3 kg ha-1), medium in available P (13.85 kg ha-1) and high in available K (270 kg ha-1). Mazar 99 variety of wheat was chosen for the study. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 24 treatments combination and three replications on a plot size of 1.5 x 3 m. Different cropping system (Broadcast method of sowing and system of wheat intensification) and different levels of NPK (50, 75 and 100%) were taken in main plot. Different levels of farm yard manure (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) were assigned to sub plot in a split plot design. Application of 100 percent RDF under system of wheat intensification significantly influenced growth and growth attributes of wheat at different crop growth stages. Application of 100% RDF under system of wheat intensification (SWI) registered significantly higher plant height (23.4, 52.3, 77.7 and 82.9 cm), and dry matter accumulation (60, 257, 753 and 964 gram) at tillering, blooming, flowering and maturity stages and number of leaves (1130.0, 1722.3 and 2020.8) and number of tillers (187.9, 280.2 and 310) of wheat was also registered higher in same treatments at tillering, blooming and flowering stages of wheat respectively as compared to rest of the treatments. Different treatments of cropping system and different levels of RDF and FYM significantly influenced yield and yield attributes of wheat. Among the cropping system, M4 (100% RDF + SWI) registered significantly higher grain yield (3794.3 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6096.8 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. Application of 100 percent farm yard manure recorded significant and maximum grain yield (3553.7 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. While, the minimum grain yield (3060.8 kg ha-1) was recorded in S1 due to application of 0% FYM. Similarly, application of 100 percent farm yard manure recorded significantly higher straw yield (5935.5 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. However, the lower grain yield (3060.8 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5373.4 kg ha-1) was observed in S1 due to application of zero percent farm yard manure. The interaction of 100% RDF + SWI with 100 % FYM showed highest grain yield (4060.0 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6450.0 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. vOn the basis of economic analysis it is concluded that wheat cv. ‘Mazar 99’ sown under system of wheat intensification treated by 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (120-60-60 kg NPK/ha) accompanied with 20% N through FYM proved to be the most remunerative dose which will increase the grain yield of wheat by 33 percent as compared to M1S1 due to application of 100% RDF + 0% FYM under broadcast method of sowing. However, SWI will increase the net return by 36 percent as compared to broadcast method of sowing.
通过田间试验，研究了氮磷钾和氮肥在常规做法和小麦集约化制度下的影响。试验区土壤为砂壤土，pH值为8.4;速效氮(117.3 kg hm -1)，速效磷中等(13.85 kg hm -1)，速效钾高(270 kg hm -1)。小麦品种Mazar 99被选为研究对象。试验采用分割小区设计，24个处理组合，3个重复，小区面积为1.5 x 3 m。主田采用不同的种植制度(撒播法和小麦集约化制度)和不同水平的氮磷钾(50%、75%和100%)。采用分块设计，将不同水平的厩肥(0、20、40、60、80和100%)分配到分地块。在小麦集约化制度下施用100% RDF对小麦不同生育期的生长和生长性状有显著影响。在小麦强化体系(SWI)下，施用100% RDF显著提高了小麦的株高(23.4、52.3、77.7和82.9 cm)，分蘖期、开花期、开花期和成熟期的干物质积累(60、257、753和964 g)，分蘖期的叶片数(1130.0、1722.3和2020.8)和分蘖数(187.9、280.2和310)。与其他处理相比，小麦的开花和开花阶段。不同的种植制度和不同的RDF和FYM水平对小麦的产量和产量属性有显著影响。其中，M4 (100% RDF + SWI)的籽粒产量(3794.3 kg ha-1)和秸秆产量(6096.8 kg ha-1)显著高于其他处理。与其他处理相比，施用100%农场厩肥的籽粒产量显著且最高(3553.7 kg hm -1)。而施0%化肥的S1籽粒产量最低，为3060.8 kg hm -1。同样，与其他处理相比，施用100%农场厩肥的秸秆产量显著提高(5935.5 kg hm -1)。然而，由于施用0%农家肥，S1的谷物产量(3060.8 kg hm -1)和秸秆产量(5373.4 kg hm -1)较低。与其他处理相比，100% RDF + SWI与100% FYM互作的籽粒产量最高(4060.0 kg ha-1)，秸秆产量最高(6450.0 kg ha-1)。在经济分析的基础上，得出了小麦产量与产量的关系。“Mazar 99”在小麦强化制度下，施用100%推荐用量(120-60-60公斤氮磷钾/公顷)和20%氮肥，经证实是最有利的施用剂量，与M1S1相比，由于施用100% RDF + 0%氮肥，在撒播法下播种，小麦产量将增加33%。然而，与播种法相比，SWI将使净收益增加36%。
{"title":"Comparing System of Wheat Intensification with Normal Practices Under Different Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer in Southeast Region of Afghanistan","authors":"A. Hekmat, Mohammad Daud Ahmadzai, Nazir khan Mohammadi","doi":"10.55544/jrasb.2.2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of NPK and FYM under normal practice and system of wheat intensification (SWI). The soil of the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.4); and available N (117.3 kg ha-1), medium in available P (13.85 kg ha-1) and high in available K (270 kg ha-1). Mazar 99 variety of wheat was chosen for the study. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 24 treatments combination and three replications on a plot size of 1.5 x 3 m. Different cropping system (Broadcast method of sowing and system of wheat intensification) and different levels of NPK (50, 75 and 100%) were taken in main plot. Different levels of farm yard manure (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) were assigned to sub plot in a split plot design. Application of 100 percent RDF under system of wheat intensification significantly influenced growth and growth attributes of wheat at different crop growth stages. Application of 100% RDF under system of wheat intensification (SWI) registered significantly higher plant height (23.4, 52.3, 77.7 and 82.9 cm), and dry matter accumulation (60, 257, 753 and 964 gram) at tillering, blooming, flowering and maturity stages and number of leaves (1130.0, 1722.3 and 2020.8) and number of tillers (187.9, 280.2 and 310) of wheat was also registered higher in same treatments at tillering, blooming and flowering stages of wheat respectively as compared to rest of the treatments. \u0000Different treatments of cropping system and different levels of RDF and FYM significantly influenced yield and yield attributes of wheat. Among the cropping system, M4 (100% RDF + SWI) registered significantly higher grain yield (3794.3 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6096.8 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. Application of 100 percent farm yard manure recorded significant and maximum grain yield (3553.7 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. While, the minimum grain yield (3060.8 kg ha-1) was recorded in S1 due to application of 0% FYM. Similarly, application of 100 percent farm yard manure recorded significantly higher straw yield (5935.5 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. However, the lower grain yield (3060.8 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5373.4 kg ha-1) was observed in S1 due to application of zero percent farm yard manure. The interaction of 100% RDF + SWI with 100 % FYM showed highest grain yield (4060.0 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6450.0 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. vOn the basis of economic analysis it is concluded that wheat cv. ‘Mazar 99’ sown under system of wheat intensification treated by 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (120-60-60 kg NPK/ha) accompanied with 20% N through FYM proved to be the most remunerative dose which will increase the grain yield of wheat by 33 percent as compared to M1S1 due to application of 100% RDF + 0% FYM under broadcast method of sowing. However, SWI will increase the net return by 36 percent as compared to broadcast method of sowing.","PeriodicalId":13755,"journal":{"name":"International Journal For Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80998620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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