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2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)最新文献

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An age-aware library for reliability simulation of digital ICs 数字集成电路可靠性仿真的年龄感知库
Pub Date : 2013-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6531973
M. Katoozi, E. Cannon, T. Dao, K. Aitken, S. Fischer, T. Amort, R. Brees, J. Tostenrude
A general method for creating an age-aware library of cells, including the impact of multiple reliability degradation mechanisms, is presented. The underlying degradation models take into account key reliability-impacting parameters such as input slew rate, output load, signal toggle rate, signal activity factor, output buffer size and age. A framework for using this age-aware library to analyze the aging of digital Integrated Circuit (IC) timing performance using existing Electronic Design Automation (EDA) methodologies is also discussed.
提出了一种用于创建年龄感知细胞库的通用方法,包括多种可靠性退化机制的影响。底层退化模型考虑了影响可靠性的关键参数,如输入摆幅率、输出负载、信号切换率、信号活动因子、输出缓冲区大小和使用时间。本文还讨论了使用该年龄感知库使用现有的电子设计自动化(EDA)方法分析数字集成电路(IC)时序性能老化的框架。
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引用次数: 4
Resistor-less power-rail ESD clamp circuit with ultra-low leakage current in 65nm CMOS process 采用65nm CMOS工艺的超低漏电流无电阻电源轨ESD箝位电路
Pub Date : 2013-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532071
C. Yeh, M. Ker
A resistor-less power-rail ESD clamp circuit realized with only thin gate oxide devices, and with SCR as main ESD clamp device, has been proposed and verified in a 65nm 1V CMOS process. Skillfully utilizing the gate leakage currents to realize the equivalent resistors in the ESD-transient detection circuit, the RC-based ESD-transient detection mechanism can be achieved without using an actual resistor to reduce the layout area in I/O cells. From the measured results, the proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit with SCR width of 45μm can achieve 5kV HBM and 400V MM ESD levels under the ESD stress event, while consuming only a standby leakage current of 1.43nA at 25°C under the normal circuit operating condition with 1V bias.
提出了一种以可控硅为主要ESD钳位器件,仅采用薄栅氧化物器件实现的无电阻电源轨ESD钳位电路,并在65nm 1V CMOS工艺上进行了验证。巧妙地利用栅极漏电流实现静电暂态检测电路中的等效电阻,可以在不使用实际电阻的情况下实现基于rc的静电暂态检测机制,从而减少I/O单元的布局面积。实验结果表明,在所设计的电源轨ESD箝位电路中,可控硅宽度为45μm的电源轨ESD箝位电路在ESD应力事件下可达到5kV HBM和400V MM的ESD水平,而在正常电路工作条件下,在25°C、1V偏置下,待机漏电流仅为1.43nA。
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引用次数: 1
Early failure model analysis and improvement of the upstream electromigration in 45nm Cu low-k interconnects 45nm Cu低k互连上游电迁移早期失效模型分析及改进
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532076
D. Wang, A. Zhao, L. Yu, J. Wu, V. Chang, W. Chien
The effect of early failure model on upstream EM reliability and its improvements are investigated in a 45nm CMOS process. The effective process optimizations of tapered via profile by organic under layer (ODL) over etch (OE) at chamfer area and enlarged trench CD have been analyzed and discussed. Recent observations shown tapered via profile at chamfer area can get much larger angle for barrier seed deposition and the trench CD enlargement can get larger deposition angle and larger process window for photo alignment process at the vertical section. With a better step coverage, the defect-free barrier seed layer will suppress via void formation and improve the upstream EM reliability.
在45nm CMOS工艺中,研究了早期失效模型对上游电磁可靠性的影响及其改进。分析和讨论了在倒角区采用有机层下(ODL)覆盖蚀刻(OE)和扩大沟槽CD的锥形通孔型材的有效工艺优化。最近的观测结果表明,在倒角区域锥形通过剖面可以获得更大的屏障种子沉积角度,而沟槽CD扩大可以获得更大的沉积角度和更大的垂直剖面光对准过程窗口。由于无缺陷屏障种子层具有较好的台阶覆盖率,可以抑制孔洞的形成,提高上游电磁可靠性。
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引用次数: 1
Reliability study of carbon-doped GST stack robust against Pb-free soldering reflow 碳掺杂GST堆抗无铅回流焊可靠性研究
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532099
S. Souiki, Q. Hubert, G. Navarro, A. Persico, C. Jahan, E. Henaff, V. Delaye, D. Blachier, V. Sousa, L. Perniola, E. Vianello, B. De Salvo
In this paper, we investigate the performances of carbon-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 films (named hereafter GST) which have been integrated together with a thin titanium capping layer into Phase-Change Memory devices. We show that the carbon content into GST and the titanium cap layer thickness can be optimized to obtain an Amorphous As-Deposited (A-AD) phase which is stable under both the typical Back End-Of-Line (BEOL) thermal budget (2 min at 400°C) and standard Pb-free soldering reflow process conditions (temperature peak at 260°C). Therefore, the material obtained at fab-out keeps its disordered phase and can be used to precode one state of information stable against the standard soldering reflow (peak at 260°C). We propose to use this high resistance state together with an electrically induced low resistance state to pre-code the memory prior to PCB manufacturing.
在本文中,我们研究了碳掺杂Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜(以下简称GST)与薄钛盖层一起集成到相变存储器件中的性能。我们发现,通过优化GST中的碳含量和钛帽层厚度,可以获得在典型的后端线(BEOL)热收支(400°C时2分钟)和标准的无铅焊接回流工艺条件(260°C时温度峰值)下稳定的非晶as沉积(A-AD)相。因此,在晶圆厂外获得的材料保持其无序相,并可用于对标准焊接回流(峰值在260°C)稳定的信息状态进行预编码。我们建议在PCB制造之前,将这种高电阻状态与电诱导的低电阻状态一起用于对存储器进行预编码。
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引用次数: 5
Ring oscillator reliability model to hardware correlation in 45nm SOI 45nm SOI环形振荡器可靠性模型与硬件相关
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532061
C. Van Dam, M. Hauser
Accurate CMOS reliability simulations are required at the circuit design stage in order to predict product lifetime. The physical mechanisms that cause transistor performance to degrade depend on operating conditions (temperature, bias), scale and technology of their design, as well as how the devices are topologically interconnected, loaded, and switched. This study investigates reliability model to hardware correlation of Cu 45nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) ring oscillators, variations of which are altogether typical of digital logic paths. The contributions from physical degradation mechanisms of Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Hot-Carrier Injection (HCI) were modeled in RelXpert to produce degraded Spectre netlists. Simulations were found to be within acceptable accuracy for estimating aging induced performance changes in hardware, quantitatively compared in terms of the %-difference in the time-slope of the power regression of frequency degradation, as well as in the actual %-frequency degradation as a function of time. The main contribution of this work is in the accurate prediction of the extent of the dominant component degradation mechanisms in what may be the smallest scale thin-oxide devices that will ever be fabricated in production, reflecting that the NBTI and HCI mechanisms are well understood across scale variation approaching the atomic limit.
为了预测产品寿命,在电路设计阶段需要精确的CMOS可靠性仿真。导致晶体管性能下降的物理机制取决于操作条件(温度,偏置),其设计的规模和技术,以及器件如何在拓扑上互连,加载和切换。本文研究了铜45nm绝缘体上硅(SOI)环形振荡器的可靠性模型与硬件相关性,其变化完全是典型的数字逻辑路径。在RelXpert中对负偏置温度不稳定性(NBTI)和热载流子注入(HCI)的物理降解机制的贡献进行了建模,以产生降解的Spectre网络列表。在估计硬件老化引起的性能变化方面,模拟被发现在可接受的精度范围内,定量地比较了频率退化的功率回归的时间斜率的%差,以及作为时间函数的实际频率退化%。这项工作的主要贡献在于准确预测了可能在生产中制造的最小尺度薄氧化物器件中主导成分降解机制的程度,反映了NBTI和HCI机制在接近原子极限的尺度变化中得到了很好的理解。
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引用次数: 3
Statistical electrical and failure analysis of electromigration in advanced CMOS nodes for accurate design rules checker 用于精确设计规则检查的先进CMOS节点电迁移的统计电气和失效分析
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532001
T. Parrassin, V. Huard, X. Federspiel, E. Pion, D. Ney, P. Larre, D. Croain, A. Mishra, R. Chevallier, A. Bravaix
This paper introduces for the first time a new test structure for electromigration which allows increased statistics and reliability tests in a testchip under typical High Temperature Operating Life experimental ranges. Following the electrical analysis, a large panel of failure analysis methodologies was suitably used to categorize defects such as size, location, resistance impact, etc. This thorough analysis allows us to confirm that silicon failures are accurately predicted by our electromigration checker, based on reliability design rules.
本文首次介绍了一种新的电迁移测试结构,它可以在典型的高温工作寿命实验范围内增加测试芯片的统计数据和可靠性测试。在电气分析之后,大量的失效分析方法被恰当地用于对缺陷进行分类,如尺寸、位置、电阻影响等。这种彻底的分析使我们能够确认,基于可靠性设计规则,我们的电迁移检查器可以准确预测硅故障。
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引用次数: 2
A new formulation of breakdown model for high-к/SiO2 stack dielectrics 高氧/SiO2堆叠介质击穿模型的新公式
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532021
E. Wu
Unlike previously accepted notions, we present the experimental evidence that the first BD events (TBD) follows a single-Weibull distribution (2-parameters) for high-κ/SiO2 stack dielectrics using large-sample size experiments and fast-time measurements. It is found that neglecting the initial failure mode can lead to a false bending at low percentiles. In contrast, a bimodality with strong bending in residual time (TRES=TFAIL-TBD) distributions is commonly observed in all cases, suggesting a universal bimodal progressive BD (PBD) distribution which plays a fundamental role in circuit reliability. Using a general Monte Carlo simulator including the multiple-spot competing PBD mode with a 5-parameter model [1] for PBD distribution, we have obtained an excellent agreement by simultaneously fitting three distributions: TBD, TRES, and TFAIL(IFAIL), thus resolving a wide range of conflicting observations in recent publications in a coherent framework.
不同于之前被接受的概念,我们通过大样本实验和快速测量,提出了实验证据,证明高κ/SiO2堆叠介质的第一个双相事件(TBD)遵循单威布尔分布(2参数)。研究发现,忽略初始破坏模式会导致低百分位数下的假弯曲。相比之下,在所有情况下,通常观察到具有强残余时间弯曲的双峰分布(TRES=TFAIL-TBD),表明普遍的双峰渐进式BD (PBD)分布在电路可靠性中起着基本作用。使用一个通用的蒙特卡罗模拟器,包括多点竞争PBD模式和PBD分布的5参数模型[1],我们通过同时拟合三个分布:TBD、TRES和TFAIL(IFAIL),获得了很好的一致性,从而在一个连贯的框架内解决了近期出版物中广泛的冲突观察结果。
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引用次数: 3
A compact SPICE model for statistical post-breakdown gate current increase due to TDDB 一个紧凑的SPICE模型统计击穿后门电流增加由于TDDB
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6531942
Soo Youn Kim, G. Panagopoulos, Chih-Hsiang Ho, M. Katoozi, E. Cannon, K. Roy
We developed a compact SPICE model capable of modeling the increases in post-breakdown (BD) gate current (IG_BD) due to time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), for circuit level simulations. IG_BD is determined by the random shape of the BD path given by the percolation model and the location of BD path. The statistical nature of our analysis provides different IG_BD for each transistor and hence, can be efficient for statistical circuit simulation. The generated gate current is fed into the proposed SPICE model incorporating transistor threshold voltage shift (VTH-SHIFT) due to bias temperature instability (BTI). We present simulation results of a ring oscillator using our model and compare the results to experimental data from an ultrathin CMOS technology. We also show that IDDQ is a more representative signature of TDDB degradation than the delay of a ring oscillator.
我们开发了一个紧凑的SPICE模型,能够模拟由于时间相关介质击穿(TDDB)而导致击穿后(BD)门电流(IG_BD)的增加,用于电路级模拟。IG_BD由渗流模型给出的BD路径的随机形状和BD路径的位置决定。我们分析的统计性质为每个晶体管提供了不同的IG_BD,因此可以有效地进行统计电路仿真。产生的栅极电流被输入到包含晶体管阈值电压漂移(VTH-SHIFT)的SPICE模型中,这是由于偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)造成的。本文给出了基于该模型的环形振荡器的仿真结果,并与超薄CMOS技术的实验数据进行了比较。我们还表明,相对于环形振荡器的延迟,IDDQ是TDDB退化的一个更有代表性的特征。
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引用次数: 19
Effects of Bosch scallops on metal layer stress of an open Through Silicon Via technology 博世扇贝对开孔硅孔工艺金属层应力的影响
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532066
A. Singulani, H. Ceric, E. Langer, S. Carniello
Through Silicon Via (TSV) is a lead topic in interconnects and 3D integration research, mainly due to numerous anticipated advantages. However, several challenges must still be overcome if large scale production is to be achieved. In this work, we have studied effects of Bosch scallops concerning mechanical reliability for a specific TSV technology. The presence of scallops on the TSV wall modifies the stress distribution along the via. By means of Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, we could assess this change and understand the process. The achieved results support experiments and give a better insight into the influence of scallops on the stress in an open TSV.
通过硅通孔(TSV)是互连和3D集成研究的前沿课题,主要是由于许多预期的优势。但是,如果要实现大规模生产,还必须克服若干挑战。在这项工作中,我们研究了博世扇贝对特定TSV技术的机械可靠性的影响。扇贝在TSV壁上的存在改变了沿通道的应力分布。通过有限元模拟,我们可以评估这种变化并了解其过程。所获得的结果支持了实验,并更好地了解了扇贝对开放TSV中应力的影响。
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引用次数: 7
Reduction of the BTI time-dependent variability in nanoscaled MOSFETs by body bias 体偏置降低纳米级mosfet中BTI随时间变化的影响
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6531958
J. Franco, B. Kaczer, M. Toledano-Luque, P. Roussel, G. Groeseneken, B. Schwarz, M. Bina, M. Waltl, P. Wagner, T. Grasser
We study the impact of individual charged gate oxide defects on the characteristics of nanoscaled pMOSFETs for varying body biases. Both a reduced time-zero variability and a reduced time-dependent variability are observed when a forward body bias is applied. In order to explain these observations, a model based on the modulation of the number of unscreened dopant atoms within the channel depletion region is proposed.
我们研究了不同体偏置下单个带电栅极氧化物缺陷对纳米级pmosfet特性的影响。当施加前向体偏置时,可以观察到时间零变异性和时间相关变异性的减小。为了解释这些观察结果,提出了一个基于通道耗尽区内未屏蔽掺杂原子数量调制的模型。
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引用次数: 24
期刊
2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)
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