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2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)最新文献

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MOS interface engineering for high-mobility Ge CMOS 高迁移率Ge CMOS的MOS接口工程
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532013
M. Takenaka, Rui Zhang, S. Takagi
In this paper, we have discussed the fundamental properties of the germanium oxides formed by thermal oxidation and plasma post-oxidation as interfacial layers for Ge MOSFETs. The germanium oxides form high-quality Ge MOS interface with interface trap density of around 1011 cm-2eV-1. High-mobility Ge n-MOSFETs and p-MOSFETs have successfully been demonstrated even with EOT of less than 0.8 nm, exhibiting that the germanium oxides are the most promising interfacial layers for future Ge CMOS.
本文讨论了热氧化和等离子体后氧化形成的锗氧化物作为锗mosfet界面层的基本性质。锗氧化物形成高质量的锗MOS界面,界面阱密度约为1011 cm-2eV-1。高迁移率的Ge n- mosfet和p- mosfet在EOT小于0.8 nm的情况下也得到了成功的证明,这表明锗氧化物是未来Ge CMOS最有前途的界面层。
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引用次数: 6
Reliability of MOL local interconnects MOL本地互连的可靠性
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6531970
T. Kauerauf, Anna Branka, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Philippe Roussel, Steven Demuynck, K. Croes, Karim Mercha, Jürgen Bömmels, T. Zsolt, kei, Guido Groeseneken, Imec Kapeldreef
From the 32nm CMOS node on, trench shaped local interconnects are introduced to connect the individual transistors on a chip. Aggressive pitch scaling and overlay errors however challenge the integrity of the SiN dielectric between the gate and the local interconnects. In this work we study the reliability of this dielectric. It is found that the current between gate and the contacts is polarity independent and the breakdown voltage shows a strong polarity dependence. While within die good uniformity is observed, due to overlay errors the spacing between the gate and the contact varies across the wafer. This results in large VBD and tBD variability and for an intrinsic TDDB lifetime extrapolation correction for this non-uniformity required.
从32nm CMOS节点开始,引入沟槽形局部互连来连接芯片上的各个晶体管。然而,严重的间距缩放和覆盖误差挑战了栅极和本地互连之间的SiN介电的完整性。在这项工作中,我们研究了这种电介质的可靠性。结果表明,栅极与触点之间的电流与极性无关,击穿电压与极性有很强的相关性。虽然在模具内观察到良好的均匀性,但由于覆盖误差,栅极和触点之间的间距在晶圆片上变化。这导致了VBD和tBD的大可变性,并且需要对这种不均匀性进行固有的TDDB寿命外推校正。
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引用次数: 34
Electromigration in advanced Bond Pad structures 先进键合垫结构中的电迁移
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532077
Ki-Don Lee
VIATOP (VT), Aluminum Via connecting the bond pad and the Top Copper level, is the critical component for Bond Pad (BP) Electromigration (EM) in advanced technology nodes, where a smaller VT or its array is employed for maximum chip-scaling. In this study, we evaluated BP EM using various dimensions of VT, investigated the scaling effect, and proposed a BP EM model for current crowding & reservoir effect in the VT.
VIATOP (VT),铝制通过连接键合垫和顶部铜位,是先进技术节点中键合垫(BP)电迁移(EM)的关键组件,其中采用较小的VT或其阵列以实现最大的芯片缩放。在本研究中,我们使用VT的不同维度来评估BP EM,研究了尺度效应,并提出了VT中电流拥挤和储层效应的BP EM模型。
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引用次数: 0
Key improvements of the MEMS switch lifetime thanks to a dielectric-free design and contact reliability investigations in hot/cold switching operations MEMS开关寿命的关键改进得益于无介电设计和热/冷开关操作中的接触可靠性研究
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532048
F. Souchon, B. Reig, C. Dieppedale, L. Thouy, A. Koszewski, H. Sibuet, G. Papaioannou
Dielectric charging and contact degradations are the two major challenges to improve the lifetime of series ohmic electrostatic MEMS switches. This paper details our approach and our main results to overcome the failures due to dielectric charging. We introduce a time predictive model for charge accumulation that we use as a design tool for reliability. The key parameters are listed and a new switch design is proposed to reduce the charging: the dielectric materials between the actuation electrodes are removed as much as possible. This dielectric-free design gives remarkable results in terms of dielectric charging sensitivity: the pull-in voltage decreases a little bit at initial times, and remains steady for longer time. The second major challenge, that remains to be considered, deals with the contact reliability. For that purpose, gold and ruthenium contacts have been investigated under several operating conditions. Gold contacts give good results in cold switching conditions whereas ruthenium suffers from surface contamination which increases quickly the contact resistance. In hot switching conditions, both materials are sensitive to material transfer mechanism, the failure rate being proportional to the open circuit voltage. Nevertheless, ruthenium seems more resistant to a material transfer than gold, and offers performances acceptable for some specific applications. A hermetic packaging at wafer level should allow to improve the contact reliability thanks to an efficient management of the surface contamination issue.
介电充电和接触退化是提高串联欧姆静电MEMS开关寿命的两大挑战。本文详细介绍了我们克服介质充电故障的方法和主要成果。我们引入了电荷积累的时间预测模型,并将其作为可靠性的设计工具。列出了关键参数,并提出了一种新的开关设计,以减少充电:尽可能地去除驱动电极之间的介电材料。这种无介电设计在介电充电灵敏度方面取得了显著的结果:拉入电压在初始时刻略有下降,并在较长时间内保持稳定。第二个主要的挑战是接触的可靠性,这仍有待考虑。为此目的,在几种操作条件下研究了金和钌的接触。金触点在冷开关条件下具有良好的效果,而钌受表面污染的影响,接触电阻会迅速增加。在热开关条件下,两种材料对材料传递机制都很敏感,故障率与开路电压成正比。尽管如此,钌似乎比金更能抵抗材料转移,并且在某些特定应用中提供了可接受的性能。由于对表面污染问题的有效管理,晶圆级的密封封装应该可以提高接触可靠性。
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引用次数: 9
Analysis on static noise margin improvement in 40nm 6T-SRAM with post-process local electron injected asymmetric pass gate transistor 后处理局部电子注入非对称通栅晶体管改善40nm 6T-SRAM静态噪声余量的分析
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6531982
K. Miyaji, D. Kobayashi, K. Takeuchi, S. Miyano
Improvement of the static noise margin (SNM) in 40nm 6T-SRAM with local electron injected asymmetric pass gate (PG) transistor is analyzed. Lower word-line voltage during injection shows higher PG VTH shift and SNM improvement. SNM variation decreases by 13.6% after injection using pseudo disturb. Pull up transistor |VTH| decrease degrades write margin. Under voltage and thermal retention stress, average SNM improvement of the worst 10 cells out of 1k cells decreases by 7.0% at 3.4×105s.
分析了局部电子注入不对称通栅晶体管对40nm 6T-SRAM静态噪声裕度的改善。注射时较低的字线电压表现出较高的PG VTH移位和SNM改善。伪扰动注入后SNM变化减小13.6%。上拉晶体管|VTH|降低降低写入余量。在电压和热保持应力下,1k电池中最差的10个电池的平均SNM提高在3.4×105s下降了7.0%。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological analysis of GaN membranes obtained by micromachining of GaN/Si GaN/Si微加工所得GaN膜的形态分析
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532090
A. Cismaru, A. Muller, F. Comanescu, M. Purica, A. Stefanescu, A. Dinescu, G. Konstantinidis, A. Stavrinidis
The morphological analysis is targeted towards a better understanding of the reliability of GaN membranes obtained by micromachining of GaN/Si. These membranes are used as support for devices like FBARs or backside-illuminated UV photodetectors. The deflection analysis is performed on 0.4 μm GaN thin membranes. As result of our investigations, focused on deflection and stress distribution in the membrane, further reducing of membrane thickness, to improve devices' electrical performances, is possible without affecting their reliability.
形态学分析的目的是为了更好地理解通过微加工GaN/Si获得的GaN膜的可靠性。这些膜用作fbar或背照紫外光电探测器等设备的支撑。在0.4 μm GaN薄膜上进行了偏转分析。由于我们的研究重点是膜中的挠度和应力分布,因此可以在不影响其可靠性的情况下进一步减少膜厚度,以提高器件的电气性能。
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引用次数: 0
A built-in BTI monitor for long-term data collection in IBM microprocessors IBM微处理器中用于长期数据收集的内置BTI监视器
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532003
P. Lu, K. Jenkins
A circuit for long-term measurement of bias temperature instability (BTI) degradation is described. It is an entirely on-chip measurement circuit, which reports measurements periodically with a digital output. Implemented on IBM's z196 Enterprise systems, it can be used to monitor long-term degradation under real-use conditions. Over 500 days worth of ring oscillator degradation data from customer systems are presented. The importance of using a reference oscillator to measure performance degradation in the field, where the supply voltage and temperature can vary dynamically, is shown.
介绍了一种长期测量偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)退化的电路。它是一个完全的片上测量电路,它定期报告与数字输出的测量。它在IBM的z196 Enterprise系统上实现,可用于监控实际使用条件下的长期退化。提供了来自客户系统的超过500天的环形振荡器退化数据。在电源电压和温度可以动态变化的情况下,使用参考振荡器来测量现场性能退化的重要性。
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引用次数: 23
Channel hot-carriers degradation in MOSFETs: A conductive AFM study at the nanoscale mosfet中通道热载流子降解:纳米尺度导电AFM研究
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532039
A. Bayerl, M. Porti, J. Martín-Martínez, M. Lanza, R. Rodríguez, V. Velayudhan, E. Amat, M. Nafría, X. Aymerich, M. B. González, E. Simoen
In this work, the gate stack electrical properties of fresh and channel-hot-carrier (CHC) stressed MOSFETs have been investigated at the nanoscale with a Conductive Atomic Force Microscope (CAFM). For the first time, by measuring on the bare oxide, the CAFM has allowed evaluation of the degradation induced along the channel by a previous CHC stress. In particular, higher gate leakage was measured close to source and drain, which has been related to NBTI and CHC degradation, respectively.
本文利用导电原子力显微镜(CAFM)在纳米尺度上研究了新鲜和通道热载流子(CHC)应力mosfet的栅堆电学特性。第一次,通过对裸氧化物的测量,CAFM允许评估由先前的CHC应力沿通道诱导的降解。特别是,靠近源极和漏极的栅极漏率较高,这分别与NBTI和CHC降解有关。
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引用次数: 5
Reliability in gate first and gate last ultra-thin-EOT gate stacks assessed with CV-eMSM BTI characterization 用CV-eMSM BTI表征方法评估栅极第一和栅极最后超薄eot栅极堆栈的可靠性
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532087
E. Bury, B. Kaczer, H. Arimura, M. T. Luque, L. Ragnarsson, P. Roussel, A. Veloso, S. Chew, M. Togo, T. Schram, G. Groeseneken
CMOS device improvements have recently been achieved by aggressive scaling of effective oxide thickness (EOT) in Gate First (GF) integration schemes using interfacial layer scavenging. Along with this scaling comes, however, a challenging reliability penalty. Therefore, to decrease the turnaround time of experimental gate stacks, we demonstrate a technique to quantitatively evaluate the long-term bias temperature instability (BTI) behavior of gate stacks on capacitors instead of transistors. We prove that this technique yields comparable results as standard extended measure-stress-measure (eMSM) IV-BTI measurements. Subsequently, we demonstrate in such a short turnaround time experiment that we can achieve scavenging in a Gate Last (GL) processing scheme. Finally, by benefitting from our proposed technique, we conclude that our Gate Last stacks are still more susceptible to BTI than our Gate First stacks with similar EOT.
近年来,利用界面层清除技术在栅极优先(GF)集成方案中有效氧化层厚度(EOT)的积极缩放已经实现了CMOS器件的改进。然而,伴随这种扩展而来的是具有挑战性的可靠性损失。因此,为了减少实验门堆的循环时间,我们展示了一种定量评估电容而不是晶体管上门堆的长期偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)行为的技术。我们证明该技术与标准扩展测量-应力测量(eMSM) IV-BTI测量结果相当。随后,我们在如此短的周转时间实验中证明,我们可以在Gate Last (GL)处理方案中实现清除。最后,从我们提出的技术中获益,我们得出结论,我们的门最后堆栈仍然比具有类似EOT的门第一堆栈更容易受到BTI的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Single-event transient measurement on a DC/DC PWM controller using Pulsed X-ray technique 脉冲x射线技术在DC/DC PWM控制器上的单事件瞬态测量
Pub Date : 2013-04-14 DOI: 10.1109/IRPS.2013.6532110
Y. Ren, L. Chen, S. Shi, G. Guo, R. Feng, S. Wen, R. Wong, N. V. van Vonno, B. Bhuva
Pulsed X-rays were used to perform Single-Event Transient (SET) measurements on a COTS DC/DC PWM controller. The results were consistent with those of the previous heavy ion and pulsed laser testings, which indicates that the pulsed X-ray technique is a complementary tool to investigate SET. However, there are some limitations, such as low energy absorption of X-rays in silicon and total ionizing dose (TID) effects due to the X-ray irradiation, which need to be considered during X-ray applications.
脉冲x射线用于在COTS DC/DC PWM控制器上执行单事件瞬态(SET)测量。结果与先前的重离子和脉冲激光测试结果一致,表明脉冲x射线技术是研究SET的补充工具。然而,在x射线应用过程中,硅对x射线的能量吸收较低,x射线辐照引起的总电离剂量(TID)效应也存在一定的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)
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