MIC (Microbiologically influenced corrosion) is an electrochemical type of corrosion enhanced by some types of micro-/ macro-organisms. However, in this paper, MIC will be used to address the corrosion enhanced by micro-organisms. In order for MIC to occur, two minimum requirements are (i) vulnerability of the material and (ii) existence of environmental factors that are favoring MIC. This type of corrosion is known to affect both metals and non-metals. On the other hand, the factors that render the environment suitable for MIC are, but not limited to, pH, temperature, systems, dynamics, and availability of chemicals such as carbon source necessary for sustaining the growth of corrosion-enhancing bacteria. Under natural conditions, bacteria are usually found in non-pure, mixed communities known as “mixed cultures” or “microbial consortia”. When a certain material is exposed to a known, in-engineering-terms “uniform” group of bacteria (such as all Desulfovibrio desulfurican s), it is easier to explain the corrosion mechanism (s) than a mixed culture will be affecting different constructing materials of a given system. In this paper, corrosive effects of some known types of bacteria (such as sulphates reducing bacteria and sulphur oxidizing bacteria) on enhancement of corrosion of carbon steel and concrete are reviewed. At the end, some general guide lines for prevention of MIC on these materials are also outlined.
{"title":"A Brief Review of General Patterns of MIC of Carbon Steel and Biodegradation of Concrete","authors":"R. Javaherdashti","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.69330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.69330","url":null,"abstract":"MIC (Microbiologically influenced corrosion) is an electrochemical type of corrosion enhanced by some types of micro-/ macro-organisms. However, in this paper, MIC will be used to address the corrosion enhanced by micro-organisms. In order for MIC to occur, two minimum requirements are (i) vulnerability of the material and (ii) existence of environmental factors that are favoring MIC. This type of corrosion is known to affect both metals and non-metals. On the other hand, the factors that render the environment suitable for MIC are, but not limited to, pH, temperature, systems, dynamics, and availability of chemicals such as carbon source necessary for sustaining the growth of corrosion-enhancing bacteria. Under natural conditions, bacteria are usually found in non-pure, mixed communities known as “mixed cultures” or “microbial consortia”. When a certain material is exposed to a known, in-engineering-terms “uniform” group of bacteria (such as all Desulfovibrio desulfurican s), it is easier to explain the corrosion mechanism (s) than a mixed culture will be affecting different constructing materials of a given system. In this paper, corrosive effects of some known types of bacteria (such as sulphates reducing bacteria and sulphur oxidizing bacteria) on enhancement of corrosion of carbon steel and concrete are reviewed. At the end, some general guide lines for prevention of MIC on these materials are also outlined.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"50 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80859486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to identify the tintinnid species living in the coastal waters of the Edremit Bay of the Aegean Sea. In this study, the samples were collected from the surface and 3 stations on seasonal basis between 2003 and 2004 using a plankton net with 55 µm pore size. In the identification of species made on the basis of Lorica shape, 16 tintinnid species belonging to 6 families and 10 genera were determined. Besides, this first study performed in the Edremit Bay on this subject also includes the basic hydrographic conditions of the environment such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen.
{"title":"Tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) species in the Edremit Bay","authors":"N. Balkıs, B. Toklu-Alicli","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.23391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.23391","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to identify the tintinnid species living in the coastal waters of the Edremit Bay of the Aegean Sea. In this study, the samples were collected from the surface and 3 stations on seasonal basis between 2003 and 2004 using a plankton net with 55 µm pore size. In the identification of species made on the basis of Lorica shape, 16 tintinnid species belonging to 6 families and 10 genera were determined. Besides, this first study performed in the Edremit Bay on this subject also includes the basic hydrographic conditions of the environment such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87276592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Boron (B) excess and deficiency on the anatomical structure of Medicago sativa L. have been investigated in hydroponic cultures (-B, Control, +B). According to the findings, it was shown that B deficiency (-B) mostly effected the root cortex parenchyma and then xylem and cambium tissues in the stem. In –B plants, the cambium increased in the stem thickness by dividing irregularly, however the differentiation to xylem decreased. Whereas the differentiation of cambium to xylem did not decrease after 25 ppm B (+B) treatment. There was a significant reduction in all tissues of plants grown in +B as compared to control, and a significant decrease was occurred in the diameter of roots and stems. The cambium tissue in the stem was the least affected one by +B treatment. As the B content in the medium increased, the number of stomata and epidermis cells per surface area (mm 2 ) increased while the size of the cells decreased in the leaves. According to the observations and the data which is obtained by calculating the Degree of Xeromorphy, it is found that M. sativa L. developed xeromorphic structure after +B treatment.
研究了硼(B)过量和缺乏对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)水培(-B、对照、+B)解剖结构的影响。结果表明，B缺乏(-B)主要影响根皮质薄壁组织，其次是茎的木质部和形成层组织。在-B植物中，形成层通过不规则分裂增加了茎粗，而向木质部的分化减少了。而在25 ppm B (+B)处理后，形成层向木质部的分化并未减少。与对照相比，+B处理的植株各组织均显著减少，根和茎的直径均显著减少。茎形成层组织受+B处理影响最小。随着培养基中B含量的增加，叶片每表面积气孔和表皮细胞数(mm 2)增加，细胞大小减小。根据观察和计算旱胚度得到的数据，发现+B处理后苜蓿萌发了旱胚结构。
{"title":"Effects of Boron Stress on the Anatomical Structure of Medicago sativa L.","authors":"Ergül Çetin","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.12037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.12037","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of Boron (B) excess and deficiency on the anatomical structure of Medicago sativa L. have been investigated in hydroponic cultures (-B, Control, +B). According to the findings, it was shown that B deficiency (-B) mostly effected the root cortex parenchyma and then xylem and cambium tissues in the stem. In –B plants, the cambium increased in the stem thickness by dividing irregularly, however the differentiation to xylem decreased. Whereas the differentiation of cambium to xylem did not decrease after 25 ppm B (+B) treatment. There was a significant reduction in all tissues of plants grown in +B as compared to control, and a significant decrease was occurred in the diameter of roots and stems. The cambium tissue in the stem was the least affected one by +B treatment. As the B content in the medium increased, the number of stomata and epidermis cells per surface area (mm 2 ) increased while the size of the cells decreased in the leaves. According to the observations and the data which is obtained by calculating the Degree of Xeromorphy, it is found that M. sativa L. developed xeromorphic structure after +B treatment.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"67 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85649098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethnobotanical study was performed in Isikli (Carpin), Dagdancik and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey. Sixty plant species belonging to 29 families and 57 different genera were collected. According to information on traditional uses of these species; 48 are used for medicine, 19 species are used for food and drink, 9 species are used for fuel, 4 species are used for dye and 14 species are used for other purposes. For the 113 plant samples, 67 uses were related to medicine (%59), 19 uses were related to food and drink (%17), 9 uses were related to fuel (%8), 4 uses were related to dye (%4) and 14 uses did not fit in any of these categories (%12). For each plant species, family names, botanical names, local names, part(s) used, manner of use, usefulness, purpose of usage and number of informants are described. Ethnobotany, Economical Plants, Medicinal Plants, Gaziantep .
{"title":"Ethnobotanic Survey of Işklı (Çarpın), Dağdancık and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey","authors":"Hasan Özgür Şığva, Özcan Seçmen","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.57485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.57485","url":null,"abstract":"An ethnobotanical study was performed in Isikli (Carpin), Dagdancik and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey. Sixty plant species belonging to 29 families and 57 different genera were collected. According to information on traditional uses of these species; 48 are used for medicine, 19 species are used for food and drink, 9 species are used for fuel, 4 species are used for dye and 14 species are used for other purposes. For the 113 plant samples, 67 uses were related to medicine (%59), 19 uses were related to food and drink (%17), 9 uses were related to fuel (%8), 4 uses were related to dye (%4) and 14 uses did not fit in any of these categories (%12). For each plant species, family names, botanical names, local names, part(s) used, manner of use, usefulness, purpose of usage and number of informants are described. Ethnobotany, Economical Plants, Medicinal Plants, Gaziantep .","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90779794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of present study was to investigate the morphological and biochemical effects of vitamin B6 on liver tissue of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitonal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in a single dose of 65 mg/kg. Vitamin B6 was administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 15 days. The degenerative changes in the liver tissue, biochemical changes in blood glucose levels and in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined. Degenerative changes observed in the diabetic animals by light microscopic investigations. Blood glucose levels, serum AST, ALT and ALP activities increased in the diabetic group. On the other hand, the treatment with vitamin B6 for 15 days reversed these effects. As a result, all of the obtained morphological and biochemical findings led to the conclusion that vitamin B6 has a protective effect against diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"The Effects of Vitamin B6 on the Liver of Diabetic Rats: A Morphological and Biochemical Study","authors":"Ş. Bolkent, O. Sacan, A. Karatuğ, R. Yanardag","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.58910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.58910","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of present study was to investigate the morphological and biochemical effects of vitamin B6 on liver tissue of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitonal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in a single dose of 65 mg/kg. Vitamin B6 was administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 15 days. The degenerative changes in the liver tissue, biochemical changes in blood glucose levels and in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined. Degenerative changes observed in the diabetic animals by light microscopic investigations. Blood glucose levels, serum AST, ALT and ALP activities increased in the diabetic group. On the other hand, the treatment with vitamin B6 for 15 days reversed these effects. As a result, all of the obtained morphological and biochemical findings led to the conclusion that vitamin B6 has a protective effect against diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87434922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nematomorpha also is known as hairworms. About 300 freshwater abd 5 marine horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) species have been described to date. They are parasitic in arthropods during their juvenile stage. When they become adult they live in an aquatic environment as free-living organisms. Most aspects of their systematics and biology of Gordius aquaticus (Nematomorpha) found in Sariyer, Istanbul. After observing the morphology, the anatomy of the specimen was investigated under light microscopy to confirm the species as Gordius aquaticus .
{"title":"An anatomical and morphological study about Gordius aquaticus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Nematomorpha) found in Sarıyer, İstanbul","authors":"F. Paçal, S. Baş","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.94311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.94311","url":null,"abstract":"Nematomorpha also is known as hairworms. About 300 freshwater abd 5 marine horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) species have been described to date. They are parasitic in arthropods during their juvenile stage. When they become adult they live in an aquatic environment as free-living organisms. Most aspects of their systematics and biology of Gordius aquaticus (Nematomorpha) found in Sariyer, Istanbul. After observing the morphology, the anatomy of the specimen was investigated under light microscopy to confirm the species as Gordius aquaticus .","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"67 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88220184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the filtration method with direct method (without filtration) for detection and enumeration of either aerobic heterotrophic bacteria or anaerobic sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). In addition we compared the results of colony morphology types of heterotrophic bacteria performed by filtration-spread plate experiments with spread plate experiments (i.e. plating on R2A agar plates). We detected that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean of SRB and heterotrophic bacteria counts from unfiltered and filtered samples. The results of the experiments comparing the cultivation and enumeration success of the filtered samples with unfiltered samples clearly demonstrate that filtration method enables the cultivation and enumeration of SRB and heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, the numbers of distinct colony types recovered from filtered samples were usually higher than unfiltered samples.
{"title":"Isolation of Aerobic Heterotrophic and Anaerobic Sulphate Reducing Bacteria from Model Water System by Filtration Method","authors":"Esra Ilhan Sungur, Bihter Minnoş, Nihal Dogruoz","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.76635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.76635","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the filtration method with direct method (without filtration) for detection and enumeration of either aerobic heterotrophic bacteria or anaerobic sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). In addition we compared the results of colony morphology types of heterotrophic bacteria performed by filtration-spread plate experiments with spread plate experiments (i.e. plating on R2A agar plates). We detected that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean of SRB and heterotrophic bacteria counts from unfiltered and filtered samples. The results of the experiments comparing the cultivation and enumeration success of the filtered samples with unfiltered samples clearly demonstrate that filtration method enables the cultivation and enumeration of SRB and heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, the numbers of distinct colony types recovered from filtered samples were usually higher than unfiltered samples.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"115 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78016087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing interest in correlating biochemical constituents of plants with their taxonomic properties. Generally the genus Ailanthus is noted for the presence of quassinoids, alkaloids, lipids, fatty acids, terpenoids and some proteins. In this study, we aimed to investigate the similarities and/or differences in the chemical constituents and protein patterns of different Ailanthus species. We assume that our parameters may be used as an additional tool for chemotaxonomic studies and molecular discriminations.
{"title":"Protein patterns and chemical constituents of Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle and Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.","authors":"G. Baycu, A. Said, A. Farag, K. Rashed","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.49435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.49435","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in correlating biochemical constituents of plants with their taxonomic properties. Generally the genus Ailanthus is noted for the presence of quassinoids, alkaloids, lipids, fatty acids, terpenoids and some proteins. In this study, we aimed to investigate the similarities and/or differences in the chemical constituents and protein patterns of different Ailanthus species. We assume that our parameters may be used as an additional tool for chemotaxonomic studies and molecular discriminations.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74453588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study is to investigate the structure of the vocal sac in males of Rana ridibunda and to detect the presence of prolactin receptor immunohistochemically under light microscopy in its components The vocal sac of Rona ridibunda were bilaterally localized on each side of the mouth and contained two different layers, namely an internal and an external sheath. External and internal sheaths were formed with multilayered squamous keratinized epithelium and single layered columnar epithelium with rarely ciliated cells, respectively. The connective tissue under the epithelium in the internal sheath possessed predominantly skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, the prolactin receptor immunoreactivity was observed in the uppermost cell layer of the epidermis in the external sheath. This paper is one of the first studies for the purpose of displaying the morphological aspects of the bilaterally located vocal sac and its hormonal interaction. In our opinion, this study also contributes to the field of amphibian reproductive biology.
{"title":"Vocal Sac of Rana ridibunda: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"M. Inceli, S. Sancar-Bas, Engin Kaptan","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.90878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.90878","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to investigate the structure of the vocal sac in males of Rana ridibunda and to detect the presence of prolactin receptor immunohistochemically under light microscopy in its components The vocal sac of Rona ridibunda were bilaterally localized on each side of the mouth and contained two different layers, namely an internal and an external sheath. External and internal sheaths were formed with multilayered squamous keratinized epithelium and single layered columnar epithelium with rarely ciliated cells, respectively. The connective tissue under the epithelium in the internal sheath possessed predominantly skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, the prolactin receptor immunoreactivity was observed in the uppermost cell layer of the epidermis in the external sheath. This paper is one of the first studies for the purpose of displaying the morphological aspects of the bilaterally located vocal sac and its hormonal interaction. In our opinion, this study also contributes to the field of amphibian reproductive biology.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85004351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of propylthiouracil on epithelial cells of the small intestine is examined by histological and cytological methods. As a result of histologic analyses an increase in PAS positive reaction was observed in the intestinal epithelium of the experimental group given PTU for 1 month. As a result of cytologic examination, administration of PTU for 1 month to rats induced marked ultrastructural changes in the small intestinal epithelium. As a result, we can conclude that PTU causes significant structural changes and stimulates its synthesis and secretion functions in the small intestinal epithelium
{"title":"The Effects of Propylthiouracil on Small Intestine of Mice: A Light and Electron Microscobical Study","authors":"Ömür Karabulut Bulan","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.05800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.05800","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of propylthiouracil on epithelial cells of the small intestine is examined by histological and cytological methods. As a result of histologic analyses an increase in PAS positive reaction was observed in the intestinal epithelium of the experimental group given PTU for 1 month. As a result of cytologic examination, administration of PTU for 1 month to rats induced marked ultrastructural changes in the small intestinal epithelium. As a result, we can conclude that PTU causes significant structural changes and stimulates its synthesis and secretion functions in the small intestinal epithelium","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83119848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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