Alpine medicinal plant growth, physiological processes and final number of metabolites are affected by elevation, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, in-depth understanding the alpine medicinal plant behaviors in responding to shift elevation has actually implications for resources protection, sustainable utilization and domestication cultivation. Currently, lots of literature detailly studied the effect of environmental factors on the synthesis and metabolism of second metabolisms in medicinal plants while the responding results of phenotype and metabolism to constrain environmental still lack systematic classification and summary. Hence, basing on previous works and literature, the adjustment of morphology and metabolism of alpine medicinal plants in responding of shift elevation were systematically outlined. The results of this reviews can know how the alpine plant adapting to shift elevation through physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptation. And this knowledge can be integrated into a framework for domesticating and protecting alpine medicinal plants, and can also serve as a quick tool to study the effects of climate warming on plateau medicinal plants.
{"title":"Morphological and physiological plasticity of alpine medicinal plants along an elevational gradient","authors":"Xuemei Wu , Liwen Zhong , Guopeng Chen , Shihong Zhong , Rui Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine medicinal plant growth, physiological processes and final number of metabolites are affected by elevation, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, in-depth understanding the alpine medicinal plant behaviors in responding to shift elevation has actually implications for resources protection, sustainable utilization and domestication cultivation. Currently, lots of literature detailly studied the effect of environmental factors on the synthesis and metabolism of second metabolisms in medicinal plants while the responding results of phenotype and metabolism to constrain environmental still lack systematic classification and summary. Hence, basing on previous works and literature, the adjustment of morphology and metabolism of alpine medicinal plants in responding of shift elevation were systematically outlined. The results of this reviews can know how the alpine plant adapting to shift elevation through physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptation. And this knowledge can be integrated into a framework for domesticating and protecting alpine medicinal plants, and can also serve as a quick tool to study the effects of climate warming on plateau medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606
Yu Wu , Zhi Yun Deng , Ming Zhu Wang , Lin Yue Liu , Yong Bao Shen
Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl., known as Chinese sassafras, is an exclusive species of tree found in China, belonging to the Sassafras genus in the Lauraceae family. Its primary mode of propagation is through seeds, which possesses a profound dormancy and irregular germination. In its natural environment, it takes approximately 2–3 years for the seeds to emerge from the ground and begin germinating. Consequently, a rapid and effective method for breaking dormancy would greatly benefitsbn edjhn the production of S. tzumu seedlings. The objective of this investigation was to identify the optimal treatment for breaking dormancy. The S. tzumu seeds were subjected to gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment and cold stratification. The findings indicated that the dormancy type of Sassafras tzumu seeds was combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy. After 6 months of cold stratification, the germination percentage of seeds treated with various concentrations of GA3 (200 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L) all exceeded 50 %. Among these treatments, the most effective method was the application of 200 mg/L GA3 in combination with 5 months of cold stratification, resulting in a germination percentage of 55 %. During the process of cold stratification, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, and fat were broken down into smaller molecules to support embryo growth. Interestingly, the content of soluble sugar exhibited an upward-downward trend, while the content of soluble protein displayed a downward-upward trend. The release of dormancy in S. tzumu seeds was jointly regulated by various endogenous hormones. The content of GA3 demonstrated an upward-downward trend, while the ABA content exhibited a continuous decline with a brief upward trend. In contrast, the IAA content displayed a continuous upward trend, and the ZR content showed no significant change. The ratios of GA3/ABA, IAA/ABA, and ZR/ABA all displayed an upward trend.
{"title":"Effect of gibberellic acid treatment and cold stratification on breaking combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy and germination in Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl seeds","authors":"Yu Wu , Zhi Yun Deng , Ming Zhu Wang , Lin Yue Liu , Yong Bao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sassafras tzumu</em> (Hemsl.) Hemsl., known as Chinese sassafras, is an exclusive species of tree found in China, belonging to the <em>Sassafras</em> genus in the Lauraceae family. Its primary mode of propagation is through seeds, which possesses a profound dormancy and irregular germination. In its natural environment, it takes approximately 2–3 years for the seeds to emerge from the ground and begin germinating. Consequently, a rapid and effective method for breaking dormancy would greatly benefitsbn edjhn the production of <em>S. tzumu</em> seedlings. The objective of this investigation was to identify the optimal treatment for breaking dormancy. The <em>S. tzumu</em> seeds were subjected to gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) treatment and cold stratification. The findings indicated that the dormancy type of <em>Sassafras tzumu</em> seeds was combined (physiological + mechanical) dormancy. After 6 months of cold stratification, the germination percentage of seeds treated with various concentrations of GA<sub>3</sub> (200 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L) all exceeded 50 %. Among these treatments, the most effective method was the application of 200 mg/L GA<sub>3</sub> in combination with 5 months of cold stratification, resulting in a germination percentage of 55 %. During the process of cold stratification, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, and fat were broken down into smaller molecules to support embryo growth. Interestingly, the content of soluble sugar exhibited an upward-downward trend, while the content of soluble protein displayed a downward-upward trend. The release of dormancy in <em>S. tzumu</em> seeds was jointly regulated by various endogenous hormones. The content of GA<sub>3</sub> demonstrated an upward-downward trend, while the ABA content exhibited a continuous decline with a brief upward trend. In contrast, the IAA content displayed a continuous upward trend, and the ZR content showed no significant change. The ratios of GA<sub>3</sub>/ABA, IAA/ABA, and ZR/ABA all displayed an upward trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100594
Mostafa Khajeh , Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam , Jamshid Piri , Afsaneh Barkhordar , Halil Şenol , Didem Saloglu
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a widely used spice that provides great potential for research in the field of natural products. In this work, the recovery of tannins from black pepper was conducted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study involves four independent variables: power (from 100 to 300 W), extraction time (from 10 to 40 minutes), temperature (from 35 to 50 °C), and the ratio of food to solvent (from 0.25 to 0.5 g/10 mL). The response variable was the extraction yield, which is the total tannin content. A total of 30 different experimental runs were completed in the MAE system. An evaluation and comparison of two non-verbal modeling approaches and artificial intelligence-based models was conducted. In order to predict design performance and results, the three SVR-RSM, M5Tree, and RM5Tree models were compared to a proposed nonlinear regression model. Evaluations were conducted using health criteria such as RMSE and NSE. With an RMSE of 0.035 and an NSE of 0.91, the SVR-RSM algorithm showed the highest level of accuracy. A RMSE of 0.048 and an NSE of 0.83 is obtained from the RM5tree model, while a RMSE of 0.055 and an NSE of 0.78 is obtained from the M5Tree model. Also, an NSE of 0.65 and a RMSE of 0.068 were obtained for the proposed nonlinear model. The SVR-RSM algorithm had maximum accuracy, but tree models for systems requiring a quick response are the right options. Using the proposed non-error model, complex relationships between variables could also be modeled.
{"title":"Using microwave-assisted extraction with advanced artificial intelligence models for predicting tannins in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)","authors":"Mostafa Khajeh , Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam , Jamshid Piri , Afsaneh Barkhordar , Halil Şenol , Didem Saloglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.) is a widely used spice that provides great potential for research in the field of natural products. In this work, the recovery of tannins from black pepper was conducted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study involves four independent variables: power (from 100 to 300 W), extraction time (from 10 to 40 minutes), temperature (from 35 to 50 °C), and the ratio of food to solvent (from 0.25 to 0.5 g/10 mL). The response variable was the extraction yield, which is the total tannin content. A total of 30 different experimental runs were completed in the MAE system. An evaluation and comparison of two non-verbal modeling approaches and artificial intelligence-based models was conducted. In order to predict design performance and results, the three SVR-RSM, M5Tree, and RM5Tree models were compared to a proposed nonlinear regression model. Evaluations were conducted using health criteria such as RMSE and NSE. With an RMSE of 0.035 and an NSE of 0.91, the SVR-RSM algorithm showed the highest level of accuracy. A RMSE of 0.048 and an NSE of 0.83 is obtained from the RM5tree model, while a RMSE of 0.055 and an NSE of 0.78 is obtained from the M5Tree model. Also, an NSE of 0.65 and a RMSE of 0.068 were obtained for the proposed nonlinear model. The SVR-RSM algorithm had maximum accuracy, but tree models for systems requiring a quick response are the right options. Using the proposed non-error model, complex relationships between variables could also be modeled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100614
Nitika Bansal , Anju Rani , Shailesh Pandey
Elaeocarpus sphaericus is one of the most important medicinal species in the ancient Indian system of medicine. In 2023, leaf spots were observed on E. sphaericus trees in Dehradun, India. Morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of combined partial actin, calmodulin, histone, internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and β-tubulin regions confirmed the association of a new fungal species of Nectriaceae, which is illustrated and described as Calonectria elaeocarpi sp. nov. In pathogenicity tests, this species caused disease symptoms on the healthy leaves of E. sphaericus and successfully re-isolated, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This study is the first confirmed report of a new Calonectria species causing foliar symptoms on E. sphaericus in India. Future studies are warranted to monitor its natural host range and understand cross infectivity potential.
{"title":"Morphology and phylogeny of Calonectria elaeocarpi sp. nov., a new foliar pathogen of Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) Heer from India","authors":"Nitika Bansal , Anju Rani , Shailesh Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Elaeocarpus sphaericus</em> is one of the most important medicinal species in the ancient Indian system of medicine. In 2023, leaf spots were observed on <em>E. sphaericus</em> trees in Dehradun, India. Morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of combined partial actin, calmodulin, histone, internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and β-tubulin regions confirmed the association of a new fungal species of <em>Nectriaceae</em>, which is illustrated and described as <em>Calonectria elaeocarpi</em> sp. nov. In pathogenicity tests, this species caused disease symptoms on the healthy leaves of <em>E. sphaericus</em> and successfully re-isolated, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This study is the first confirmed report of a new <em>Calonectria</em> species causing foliar symptoms on <em>E. sphaericus</em> in India. Future studies are warranted to monitor its natural host range and understand cross infectivity potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to optimize the process for effective extraction of polyphenolic compounds, flavanoids and antioxidant activity of rose and marigold leaf (RL, ML) and petal (RP, MP) extracts and to analyse their composition. Various drying methods, such as shade, oven (40–70 °C), and microwave (600 W) were utilized for extraction of bioactives with three solvents (water, ethanol, methanol). Microwave dried methanolic extracted samples exhibited high quantities of total phenols, flavanoids, and antioxidants for RL, ML, and MP, while aqueous extracts were found to be the best for extracting bioactives from RP. As the drying temperature increased, the colour values of the extracts decreased. Pigments (chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoids) degraded when the drying temperature increased. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the primary polyphenol compounds in rose as quercetin, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol acetyl disaccharide while in marigold they were identified as kaempferol, epicatechin gallate, and feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid). Also 126 other polyphenolic compounds were identified putatively from rose and marigold through UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS and FTIR. Marigold and rose foliage accounts for 58 % and 82 % of the entire plant's fresh weight, respectively that is usually disposed off as waste. The floral fraction is typically discarded after it has served its primary function. The process of extracting bioactive compounds from these medicinal crops can enhance their value and yield useful products having varying end-use.
本研究旨在优化玫瑰和万寿菊叶片（RL， ML）和花瓣（RP， MP）提取物中多酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物的有效提取工艺，并对其成分进行分析。采用遮阳、烘箱（40-70 °C）和微波（600 W）等多种干燥方法，以水、乙醇、甲醇三种溶剂提取生物活性物质。微波干燥的甲醇提取样品显示出大量的总酚、黄酮类化合物和抗氧化剂，用于RL、ML和MP，而水提取物被发现是提取RP中生物活性的最佳方法。随着干燥温度的升高，提取物的颜色值降低。当干燥温度升高时，色素（叶绿素、花青素、类胡萝卜素）降解。超高效液相色谱（UPLC）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析表明，玫瑰中的主要多酚类化合物为槲皮素、槲皮素3- o -芦丁苷和山奈酚乙酰二糖，万寿菊中的主要多酚类化合物为山奈酚、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和阿魏酰咖啡酰奎宁酸。另外，通过UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS和FTIR等方法从玫瑰和万寿菊中鉴定出126种多酚类化合物。金盏花和玫瑰的叶子分别占整个植物鲜重的58% %和82， %，通常作为废物处理掉。花的部分通常在完成其主要功能后被丢弃。从这些药用作物中提取生物活性化合物的过程可以提高它们的价值，并产生具有不同最终用途的有用产品。
{"title":"Extraction of polyphenolic compounds from rose and marigold, UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS, FTIR characterization and assessment of antioxidant activity","authors":"Lekshmi SG , Shruti Sethi , Aditi Kundu , Anupama Singh , Kanwar Pal Singh , Namita , Rajesh Kumar , Ram Asrey , P.M. Sindhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to optimize the process for effective extraction of polyphenolic compounds, flavanoids and antioxidant activity of rose and marigold leaf (RL, ML) and petal (RP, MP) extracts and to analyse their composition. Various drying methods, such as shade, oven (40–70 °C), and microwave (600 W) were utilized for extraction of bioactives with three solvents (water, ethanol, methanol). Microwave dried methanolic extracted samples exhibited high quantities of total phenols, flavanoids, and antioxidants for RL, ML, and MP, while aqueous extracts were found to be the best for extracting bioactives from RP. As the drying temperature increased, the colour values of the extracts decreased. Pigments (chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoids) degraded when the drying temperature increased. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the primary polyphenol compounds in rose as quercetin, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol acetyl disaccharide while in marigold they were identified as kaempferol, epicatechin gallate, and feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid). Also 126 other polyphenolic compounds were identified putatively from rose and marigold through UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS and FTIR. Marigold and rose foliage accounts for 58 % and 82 % of the entire plant's fresh weight, respectively that is usually disposed off as waste. The floral fraction is typically discarded after it has served its primary function. The process of extracting bioactive compounds from these medicinal crops can enhance their value and yield useful products having varying end-use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated effects of different chemical pre-treatments on seed propagation in musk rose (Rosa moschata Herrm.), an important Himalayan medicinal and aromatic climbing shrub. The seeds were pre-treated with potassium nitrate (150, 300, 450, 600 mM) or polyethylene glycol-PEG 8000 (12.5, 25.0 mM) for 24 or 48 hours. The seed pre-treatments were carried out at 15 °C or 25 °C in a seed germinator. The pre-treatment with potassium nitrate (300, 450 or 600 mM) for 48 h at 15 °C resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher germination than the control and other treatments. The seed germination in treatment with 600 mM potassium nitrate (39.71 %) for 48 h at 15 °C was 34 fold higher than in the control (1.16 %). Further, the rate of seed germination (Timson’s Index) was also significantly higher in the potassium nitrate treatments than the control and other treatments. The pre-treatment was found more effective in case of seeds stored for 26 months than the one stored for 13 months. Among the other treatments, pre-treatment with 12.5 mM PEG 8000 for 24 h at 25 °C resulted in significantly higher germination (21.83 %) than the control. The germinating seeds from the treatments successfully established in seedlings and mature plants subsequently. Results of the present study thus suggest the pre-germination seed treatment with 600 mM potassium nitrate solution for higher, synchronous and rapid germination in musk rose for a large scale propagation of this economically and ecologically important Himalayan plant.
{"title":"Effect of pretreatments on seed germination of musk rose (Rosa moschata Herrm.)","authors":"Vikas Yadav Patade , Nirbhay Singh , Atul Grover , Madhu Bala","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated effects of different chemical pre-treatments on seed propagation in musk rose (<em>Rosa moschata</em> Herrm.), an important Himalayan medicinal and aromatic climbing shrub. The seeds were pre-treated with potassium nitrate (150, 300, 450, 600 mM) or polyethylene glycol-PEG 8000 (12.5, 25.0 mM) for 24 or 48 hours. The seed pre-treatments were carried out at 15 °C or 25 °C in a seed germinator. The pre-treatment with potassium nitrate (300, 450 or 600 mM) for 48 h at 15 °C resulted in significantly (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) higher germination than the control and other treatments. The seed germination in treatment with 600 mM potassium nitrate (39.71 %) for 48 h at 15 °C was 34 fold higher than in the control (1.16 %). Further, the rate of seed germination (Timson’s Index) was also significantly higher in the potassium nitrate treatments than the control and other treatments. The pre-treatment was found more effective in case of seeds stored for 26 months than the one stored for 13 months. Among the other treatments, pre-treatment with 12.5 mM PEG 8000 for 24 h at 25 °C resulted in significantly higher germination (21.83 %) than the control. The germinating seeds from the treatments successfully established in seedlings and mature plants subsequently. Results of the present study thus suggest the pre-germination seed treatment with 600 mM potassium nitrate solution for higher, synchronous and rapid germination in musk rose for a large scale propagation of this economically and ecologically important Himalayan plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143275755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to develop and optimize an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction method for phenolic compounds from Erica multiflora leaves, with the primary objectives of preserving extract quality, minimizing solvent usage, and standardizing extraction conditions. A total of 15 extractions were performed, varying solvent concentration, extraction time, and ultrasonic amplitude, using a Box-Behnken design. The effects of the extraction parameters on phenolic yield were modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Both models demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for all measured responses. Among the extraction parameters, amplitude and time were identified as key factors influencing phenolic yield. The optimized conditions 50.79 % solvent concentration, 60 seconds extraction time, and 86.38 % ultrasonic amplitude resulted in a TPC of 106.42 ± 3.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight (DW), a TFC of 14.37 ± 0.51 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram DW, and a DPPH antioxidant capacity of 3.11 ± 0.85 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AE) per gram DW. The experimental results closely matched the model predictions, validating the optimization process. The methanolic extracts of Erica multiflora demonstrated significant potential for use in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
{"title":"Optimization of ultrasound phenolic extraction from Erica multiflora leaves using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks","authors":"Anfel Benmanseur , Mustapha Tacherfiout , Yacine Benguerba , Fatma Zahra Hab , Rechda Amel Tachour , Bachra Khettal , Rania Derguine , Mostapha Bachir-Bey , Abdelmalek Rezgui , Widad Sobhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop and optimize an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction method for phenolic compounds from <em>Erica multiflora</em> leaves, with the primary objectives of preserving extract quality, minimizing solvent usage, and standardizing extraction conditions. A total of 15 extractions were performed, varying solvent concentration, extraction time, and ultrasonic amplitude, using a Box-Behnken design. The effects of the extraction parameters on phenolic yield were modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Both models demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for all measured responses. Among the extraction parameters, amplitude and time were identified as key factors influencing phenolic yield. The optimized conditions 50.79 % solvent concentration, 60 seconds extraction time, and 86.38 % ultrasonic amplitude resulted in a TPC of 106.42 ± 3.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight (DW), a TFC of 14.37 ± 0.51 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram DW, and a DPPH antioxidant capacity of 3.11 ± 0.85 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AE) per gram DW. The experimental results closely matched the model predictions, validating the optimization process. The methanolic extracts of <em>Erica multiflora</em> demonstrated significant potential for use in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625
Yu Wu , Yu He , Xiaorui Sun , Qilong Hua , Qinwen Zhu , Zhiyuan Wang , Yongbao Shen
In this study, a germination test was conducted using the seeds of Tilia miqueliana, a rare tree species in China. The seeds were treated with H2SO4, H2SO4-gibberellic acid (GA3), or H2SO4-magnetically treated water (MTW)-GA3 and then incubated in wet sand at a constant temperature (i.e., 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, or 25 °C) or at alternating temperatures (i.e., 15 °C/25 °C or 5 °C/25 °C/5 °C). Additionally, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on seed germination was assessed (i.e., at 40 % or 50 % RH). These analyses revealed that the optimal temperature and RH for H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treated T. miqueliana seed germination were 15 °C and 50 % RH, respectively. T. miqueliana produces deeply dormant woody seeds. During dormancy release following H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treatment, consistent with the observed metabolic enzyme activities, the contents of protein and fat showed a downward–upward–downward trend, whereas the sugar and starch contents showed an upward–downward trend. Hence, the H2SO4-MTW-GA3 treatment enhanced the conversion of glycogen, starch, protein, and fat to nutrients and energy, while also increasing the activities of diverse metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, the abundance of different hormones promoting seed dormancy release peaked at different time points. Specifically, the GA content peaked before the trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR) content, which may be related to the different mechanisms by which various hormones induce dormancy release.
{"title":"Effect of the stratification temperature and humidity on the germination and endosperm metabolism of Tilia miqueliana seeds","authors":"Yu Wu , Yu He , Xiaorui Sun , Qilong Hua , Qinwen Zhu , Zhiyuan Wang , Yongbao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a germination test was conducted using the seeds of <em>Tilia miqueliana</em>, a rare tree species in China. The seeds were treated with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>), or H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-magnetically treated water (MTW)-GA<sub>3</sub> and then incubated in wet sand at a constant temperature (i.e., 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, or 25 °C) or at alternating temperatures (i.e., 15 °C/25 °C or 5 °C/25 °C/5 °C). Additionally, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on seed germination was assessed (i.e., at 40 % or 50 % RH). These analyses revealed that the optimal temperature and RH for H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treated <em>T. miqueliana</em> seed germination were 15 °C and 50 % RH, respectively. <em>T. miqueliana</em> produces deeply dormant woody seeds. During dormancy release following H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treatment, consistent with the observed metabolic enzyme activities, the contents of protein and fat showed a downward–upward–downward trend, whereas the sugar and starch contents showed an upward–downward trend. Hence, the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-MTW-GA<sub>3</sub> treatment enhanced the conversion of glycogen, starch, protein, and fat to nutrients and energy, while also increasing the activities of diverse metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, the abundance of different hormones promoting seed dormancy release peaked at different time points. Specifically, the GA content peaked before the trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR) content, which may be related to the different mechanisms by which various hormones induce dormancy release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large amount of residual waste biomass is generated from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) sector that needs to be utilized through effective recycling as resources and to reduce environmental load. In this study, identification of functional groups, surface morphology, nature of crystallinity, thermal property, biochemical (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), and elemental profiling (macro and micro nutrients) was carried out in residual biomasses of six aromatic and two medicinal plants to understand their best alternate use as different bio-refinery potential such as bioethanol, biochar, compost, bioactive rich extract, and growth medium. The biochemical and elemental profile provided quantitative data for primary grouping of the biomasses based on their possible usage that was supported by qualitative (or semi-quantitative) data from functional, morphological characterization, analysis of crystallinity and thermal behaviour. The biomass of MAPs like lemongrass, palmarosa, java citronella, isabgol and ashwagandha had higher cellulose and hemicellulose content (structural, crystalline and biochemical information), make them useful for preparing bioethanol. On the other hand, biomasses with high aromaticity and thermal stability in their structure like- holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol, found suitable towards development of biochar. Elemental profile showed suitability of holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol biomass for their composting potential. All biomasses seemed to be useful for growth medium preparation based on biochemical, functional and morphological analysis. Amalgamation of different characterization techniques were found rational to understand the best alternative(s) for residual biomasses. Thus, this study helps to develop a strategy for complete recycling of biomasses under model bio-refinery, which also advocate circular economy.
{"title":"Recycling of residual biomass of medicinal and aromatic plants: A valuable alternative towards bio-refinery","authors":"Rohan Sarkar , B.B. Basak , Atanu Banerjee , Elias Mosaffa , Arpan Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large amount of residual waste biomass is generated from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) sector that needs to be utilized through effective recycling as resources and to reduce environmental load. In this study, identification of functional groups, surface morphology, nature of crystallinity, thermal property, biochemical (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), and elemental profiling (macro and micro nutrients) was carried out in residual biomasses of six aromatic and two medicinal plants to understand their best alternate use as different bio-refinery potential such as bioethanol, biochar, compost, bioactive rich extract, and growth medium. The biochemical and elemental profile provided quantitative data for primary grouping of the biomasses based on their possible usage that was supported by qualitative (or semi-quantitative) data from functional, morphological characterization, analysis of crystallinity and thermal behaviour. The biomass of MAPs like lemongrass, palmarosa, java citronella, isabgol and ashwagandha had higher cellulose and hemicellulose content (structural, crystalline and biochemical information), make them useful for preparing bioethanol. On the other hand, biomasses with high aromaticity and thermal stability in their structure like- holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol, found suitable towards development of biochar. Elemental profile showed suitability of holy basil, sweet basil, menthol mint and isabgol biomass for their composting potential. All biomasses seemed to be useful for growth medium preparation based on biochemical, functional and morphological analysis. Amalgamation of different characterization techniques were found rational to understand the best alternative(s) for residual biomasses. Thus, this study helps to develop a strategy for complete recycling of biomasses under model bio-refinery, which also advocate circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are often subjected to various stressors, such as changes in gravity, heavy rainfall, pathogens, wind, herbivory, and human activities, which can result in wounding. This study investigates the effect of various mechanical wounding methods and growth regulators on the survival and vegetative growth of Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle over two years (2021–2022). In the first year (2021), we evaluated the effect of different wounding techniques, including cut, scrapes, punctures, and abrasions on rhizome to understand their impact on growth and survival. Non-wounded rhizomes (NWR) served as controls. Among different wounding methods, apical section from the whole rhizome (cut) showed superior growth performance (shoot length, increase in rhizome length and survival), when used for propagation. Hence, this was selected as a suitable method of propagation for further experiments. In the second year (2022), apical rhizome sections were treated with different auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, and Rootex PD.01) and organic fertilizers derived from Quercus, Cedrus and Salix species. Notably, treatment with Rootex PD.01 (a commercial formulation of indole-3-butyric acid at 1000 mg kg⁻¹) by powder application method and soil mixed with organic fertilizer (prepared from Salix alba) in ratio of 2:1, induced the maximum survival and vegetative growth of P. cirrhifolium. This study provides valuable insights into previously underexplored strategies, highlighting the effects of mechanical wounding and growth regulators on enhancing the vegetative propagation of P. cirrhifolium through rhizomes. The propagation method developed through this research can be applied for the mass multiplication and conservation of this endangered species.
{"title":"Vegetative propagation of Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle through rhizome cuttings","authors":"Riya Gupta , Neelu Lodhiyal , L.S. Lodhiyal , Niranjan Mishra , Sushma Tamta","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are often subjected to various stressors, such as changes in gravity, heavy rainfall, pathogens, wind, herbivory, and human activities, which can result in wounding. This study investigates the effect of various mechanical wounding methods and growth regulators on the survival and vegetative growth of <em>Polygonatum cirrhifolium</em> (Wall.) Royle over two years (2021–2022). In the first year (2021), we evaluated the effect of different wounding techniques, including cut, scrapes, punctures, and abrasions on rhizome to understand their impact on growth and survival. Non-wounded rhizomes (NWR) served as controls. Among different wounding methods, apical section from the whole rhizome (cut) showed superior growth performance (shoot length, increase in rhizome length and survival), when used for propagation. Hence, this was selected as a suitable method of propagation for further experiments. In the second year (2022), apical rhizome sections were treated with different auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, and Rootex PD.01) and organic fertilizers derived from <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Cedrus</em> and <em>Salix</em> species. Notably, treatment with Rootex PD.01 (a commercial formulation of indole-3-butyric acid at 1000 mg kg⁻¹) by powder application method and soil mixed with organic fertilizer (prepared from <em>Salix alba</em>) in ratio of 2:1, induced the maximum survival and vegetative growth of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em>. This study provides valuable insights into previously underexplored strategies, highlighting the effects of mechanical wounding and growth regulators on enhancing the vegetative propagation of <em>P. cirrhifolium</em> through rhizomes. The propagation method developed through this research can be applied for the mass multiplication and conservation of this endangered species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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