Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"WAAS-based stability analysis and identification of elite palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii [Roxb.] Wats. var. motia Burk.) lines using multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index for higher biomass and essential oil in the North-Western Himalayas","authors":"Amit Rana ,&nbsp;Ajeta Katoch ,&nbsp;Rajni Devi ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar ,&nbsp;Neha Kumari ,&nbsp;Neha Kapoor ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar ,&nbsp;Vijay Lata Pathania ,&nbsp;Sanatsujat Singh ,&nbsp;Satbeer Singh ,&nbsp;Ramesh Chauhan ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palmarosa is an important aromatic perennial grass mainly cultivated for its high-value geraniol-rich essential oil. The growing global demand for palmarosa essential oil and the limited availability of suitable cultivars in the North-Western Himalayan region highlight the need of superior planting material crucial for its production. Hence, the present endeavour was led using 25 palmarosa genotypes evaluated for 12 traits to estimate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction across four seasons (2019–23) using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) based on WAAS (weighted average of absolute scores). Results from the study showed significant genotype × environment interaction effects for most of the traits evaluated. Essential oil characterization identified 6 major compounds with geraniol being the dominant constituent. Association studies showed its significant positive association with ocimene and myrcene while negative association with geranial, neral, L-linalool and (<em>E</em>)-caryophyllene. Higher variability estimates for tillers per plant, number of leaves per stem, flower head length, flower head branches, biological yield per plant and essential oil content demonstrated their potential utilization as selection criteria for higher genetic gains. Based on mean performance, AMMI, WAAS, and genotype and genotype by environment analysis, genotypes G1, G2 and G4 were identified as the most stable with high trait performance and geraniol content. Also, based on multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, genotypes were ranked as G2, G1, G4, G14 and G8. Hence, these genotypes can be prioritized to enhance geraniol-rich essential oil production and meet the growing demand for quality planting material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of genetic variation and evolutionary dynamics in saffron through matK and rbcL barcodes","authors":"Imane Boudadi,&nbsp;Mohamed Lachheb,&nbsp;Soumaya El Merzougui,&nbsp;Khadija Lachguer,&nbsp;Mohammed Amine Serghini","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The saffron plant (<em>Crocus sativus</em> L.), renowned for its culinary and medicinal properties, faces genetic challenges due to its vegetative propagation and restricted cultivation regions. This study investigates saffron's genetic variation at the nucleotide level using DNA barcoding with two loci (<em>rbcL</em> and <em>matK</em>) across sixteen accessions from diverse geographic regions. Amplicon analysis revealed that the <em>rbcL</em> locus (720 bp) is longer than <em>matK</em> (613 bp) and exhibits greater variability. Sequence analysis identified 27 polymorphic sites in <em>rbcL</em> and 15 in <em>matK</em>, with <em>rbcL</em> showing higher insertion-deletion diversity (9.883 vs. 5.358) and more mutations (29 vs. 17). These differences resulted in 13 haplotypes for <em>rbcL</em> and 11 for <em>matK</em>, yielding a high haplotype diversity (HD = 0.95). Notably, the TH3 accession displayed distinct genetic traits, as evidenced by phylogenetic trees and PCA clustering. A positive correlation between genetic distance and altitude (Kendall’s r = 0.244, p = 0.00032) was observed for <em>matK</em>. Two-dimensional DNA barcoding provided effective visualisation of genetic markers. This study highlights the utility of <em>rbcL</em> and <em>matK</em> barcodes for exploring saffron’s genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, providing critical insights into germplasm management and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salinity and temperature on germination and post germination of Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. (Amaranthaceae): An important salt tolerant plant in Algeria","authors":"Madjda Aouache ,&nbsp;Hafida Trabelsi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Elhafed Kherraze ,&nbsp;Anouar Chafou ,&nbsp;Achouak Guerbazi ,&nbsp;Bougoutaia Youcef ,&nbsp;Marius-Nicusor Grigore ,&nbsp;Ali El-Keblawy","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Anabasis articulata</em>, a medicinal plant used in Algeria to treat various ailments, also has significant pastoral and ecological value. Assessing its tolerance to temperature changes and soil salinity is crucial for understanding its potential use in the restoration of salt-affected lands in dry and semi-arid regions. The objectives of the present work were to determine the optimal temperature for seed germination of an important medicinal species and evaluate the degree of tolerance to saline and thermal stresses during germination and early seedling stages of <em>Anabasis articulata</em>. Seeds were collected from individuals of two populations of <em>Anabasis articulata</em> located in Sed Rahal (Djelfa-Algeria) and Oued N’sa (Ouargla-Algeria). Seeds were germinated at seven salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mM) and incubated at eight temperatures (5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C). The germination attributes studied were germination kinetics, germination percentage, germination rate, and the measurement of shoot and root lengths of seedlings. The statistical analysis revealed that salinity level and temperature variations significantly affected germination and post-germination characteristics. The highest germination percentages were obtained under non-saline conditions; salt stress delayed or limited the germination process and seedling growth. High temperatures (35–45°C) have a more negative effect than lower temperatures (5–15°C). Optimum temperatures range from 20 to 30°C. At these temperatures, even at a saline concentration of 600 mM, 46 % of the seeds were able to germinate for the Sed Rahal station and 21 % for the Oued N’sa station. Sed Rahal exhibited higher final germination percentages, germination rates, and seedling growth compared to Oued N’sa, particularly under moderate temperatures and lower salinity levels, demonstrating better resilience to salinity and temperature extremes. Sed Rahal seedlings exhibited more reduction in root length at low temperatures, while Oued N’sa seedlings showed more reduction in shoot length at high temperatures. The results demonstrate that this species possesses significant ecological adaptation in germination and seedling stages, making it suitable for the restoration of damaged ecosystems and marginal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of endomycorrhizal association in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), South India","authors":"Rositta Varghese ,&nbsp;Joseph George Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are crucial root symbionts that play a significant role in nutrient absorption, crop productivity, and soil health. However, it has become essential to understand the ideal environmental conditions that can maximize AMF benefits in crop yield and soil health as a valuable biofertilizer. Accordingly, a comprehensive ecological study of AMF in black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.) fields was conducted. The study aimed to identify AMF diversity and population characteristics over a broad area of black pepper fields in Kerala, South India, and to analyse various factors influencing AMF symbiosis in crops. It also focused on identifying the agroclimatic, soil, and crop influencers that impact mycorrhizae in traditional crop fields. Altogether, nine genera and 29 AMF species are identified from the randomly sampled black pepper fields (of diverse varieties of the crop) that belong to two different soil orders and 13 different soil series in the region. Among them, three genera and 22 species were new reports from black pepper. <em>Acaulospora laevis</em> and <em>Funneliformis badius</em> were the most commonly found species. Seasonal analysis showed a significant increase in spore density during the monsoon season, while root colonization exhibited varying patterns. Correlational studies and principal component analysis enabled the identification of specific soil and plant factors individually and in combinations influencing mycorrhizal activities. Overall, the study underscores the significance of ecological research on AMF symbiosis in specific crops and specific soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsatellite marker resource creation, genetic diversity assessment and core prediction in Valeriana jatamansi Jones","authors":"Amna Devi ,&nbsp;Nirupma Kumari ,&nbsp;Mamta Masand ,&nbsp;Balraj Sharma ,&nbsp;Aasim Majeed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Saba Rahim ,&nbsp;Sanatsujat Singh ,&nbsp;Kamal Prasad Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Valeriana jatamansi</em> Jones, a potential ethno-medicinal herb of global importance faced an unprecedented threat of its habitat loss due to burgeoning global demand. Genome-wide microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker resources are advantageous, unfortunately, such larger resources have not been explored for genetic improvement in <em>V. jatamansi.</em> In the present study, transcriptome-derived functionally relevant microsatellite marker resources comprising 7957 SSR markers with significant homology (66.3 %) with public functional databases were created. Interestingly, 103 putative functional SSR markers derived from unigenes exhibited substantial annotations with secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transcription factors, and transporters were synthesized and experimentally validated in diverse genotypes. SSR loci with good marker attributes (average alleles/ locus: 7.5; PIC: 0.44; resolving power: 5.25) were successfully utilized for genetic population structure analysis of 525 genotypes representing 29 geographically diverse populations. Despite representing three genetic populations, north-western Indian Himalayan regions (wIHR) exhibited with low genetic diversity (h: 0.22) with moderate gene flow (Nm: 0.97) and high molecular variance (71 %) within population<em>.</em> Moreover, the predicted core of 53 genotypes representing 21 diverse populations was validated successfully using NJ clustering and regression correlation (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> &gt; 0.85). Additionally, future habitat suitability is predicted to decline in at least 49.89 % habitat area of <em>V. jatamansi.</em> Hence, climatic zones with improved suitability can be potential geographical areas for its conservation and sustainable cultivation. The current findings including huge molecular markers resources, diversity inferences, and identification of core collections will facilitate gene bank management, selection of potential parental groups/ cultivars for implementation of molecular breeding strategies, genetic improvement, and sustainable cultivations of <em>V. jatamansi</em> for industrial utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Rudbeckia hirta L. flowers using deep eutectic solvents: Optimization, HPLC analysis and anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Jiang-Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Yin-Long Li ,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Bao Xiang ,&nbsp;Jing Zuo ,&nbsp;Bo Peng ,&nbsp;Xing-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Hong Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A green and efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was developed to acquire flavonoids from <em>Rudbeckia hirta</em> L. flowers. Among 14 DESs synthesized from choline chloride and different hydrogen bond donors, choline chloride:ethylene glycol (1:2) was identified as the best for flavonoid extraction. Response surface methodology, adopted for parameter optimization of the DES-UAE method, revealed that the maximal total flavonoid content (TFC), at 37.41 ± 1.32 mg rutin equivalents/g dry mass, was extracted at 50 °C, a DES water content of 16 %, and 85 W ultrasonic power. DES-UAE increased the TFC and the antioxidant capacity of the extract while reducing the time, temperature, and ultrasonic power required for extraction when compared with conventional extraction techniques. HPLC analysis revealed that the replacement of DES for ethanol in UAE increased the contents of individual flavonoids of interest (quercetagitrin, patulitrin, patuletin, and quercetin) in the extracts in a range from 9.4 % to 24.4 %. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract, assessed using a lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation model, was substantially higher after using DES-UAE than after using traditional methods. The flavonoids present in the extract may be responsible for most of the anti-inflammatory activity of the <em>R. hirta</em> extract. In summary, DES-UAE is a sustainable and high-performance extraction procedure for the extraction of natural flavonoids from plants. Moreover, <em>R. hirta</em> can be regarded as a good resource for the isolation of natural anti-inflammatory agents and flavonoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity and construction of core germplasm in populations of Acorus tatarinowii based on SNP markers","authors":"Qian Qin,&nbsp;Yanjing Dong,&nbsp;Jiaqi He,&nbsp;Jialong Chen,&nbsp;Danyang Wu,&nbsp;Shouwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acorus tatarinowii</em> is a natural medicinal plant integral to traditional aromatic therapies. It is commonly employed in the treatment of depression, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease due to its significant medicinal and aromatic properties. However, the genetic diversity of wild <em>A. tatarinowii</em> resources has declined due to over-exploitation and habitat destruction. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity of the natural populations of <em>A. tatarinowii</em>, establish a core germplasm bank, explore its genetic richness and uniqueness, prevent genetic erosion, and identify beneficial genes. In this study, for the first time, 429A. tatarinowii samples from 40 populations were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using Hyper-Seq technology. A total of 4772,850 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1563,000 Insertions and Deletions (InDels) variant loci were identified, with C/T as the predominant variant type and a Ts/Tv ratio of 1.079. Annotation of these loci indicated that the majority of variants occurring in intergenic regions, accounting for 50.59 % of the total. Moreover, the heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity, and FST of <em>A. tatarinowii</em> suggested low genetic diversity within this species within the populations. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the population variation of <em>A. tatarinowii</em> is mainly caused by the variation between populations (72.06 %), while the variation within populations only contributes a small part (27.94 %) Through NJ tree, PCA, and ADMIXTURE analyses, the 429<em>A. tatarinowii</em> samples were classified into five subgroups, with some genetic exchange observed. A total of 7163 high-quality polymorphic SNPs were identified, and a core germplasm consisting of 85 samples was established, achieving genotype retention rates similar to those of the original germplasm. This indicates that a smaller number of germplasm resources can effectively represent the majority of the genetic diversity. Additionally, PCA analysis further confirmed the representativeness and validity of the constructed core germplasm resources. Furthermore, the DNA fingerprints of the 429 accessions were established using the most effective combinations of 26 SNP markers, which served as specific markers to effectively distinguish all samples. In conclusion, these findings offer valuable insights into the genetic structure of <em>A. tatarinowii</em>, facilitating the identification of high-quality genes and providing a scientific foundation for the development of breeding programs and conservation strategies for <em>A. tatarinowii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Findings on the heavy metal content in herbal drugs and essential oils – An updated database evaluation","authors":"Gerald Binder ,&nbsp;Matthias Knödler ,&nbsp;Bernhard Klier ,&nbsp;Patricia Zang ,&nbsp;Hagen Albert ,&nbsp;Alexandra Barofsky ,&nbsp;Barbara Steinhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to guarantee the safety of patients and consumers, the European legal framework restricts the content of heavy metals and further elements in plant material used for the production of medicinal and food products. This data evaluation comprises findings on seven elements between 2016 and 2021 which were assessed against the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) and the ICH Q3D guideline on elemental impurities. !5.328 herbal drug samples from 427 products and 537 essential oil samples from 25 products were included in this evaluation which demonstrates that the Ph. Eur. limits set for cadmium, lead and mercury are considered appropriate. Samples from organic production revealed a lower occurrence of cadmium, lead and mercury as compared to samples from conventional production. With regard to the ICH Q3D requirements, none of the herbal drug samples exceeded the respective limit for cobalt, nickel and vanadium<em>,</em> while for arsenic higher values were observed in individual cases. A comparison of the findings with a former period of evaluation showed an increase in positive findings and also a few more exceedances of the Ph.Eur. limits. For essential oils, it can be confirmed that independent from the production process, the probability of heavy metal contamination is low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and codification of phenological stages of the karonda (Carissa carandas L.) according to the BBCH scale","authors":"Bommanahalli Munivenkate Gowda Muralidhara ,&nbsp;Abalavadi Thammaiah Rani ,&nbsp;Gandrajapally Shivareddy Madhu ,&nbsp;Gangappa Nayan Deepak ,&nbsp;Rajendiran Selladurai ,&nbsp;Siddanna Savadi ,&nbsp;Ganeshan Karunakaran ,&nbsp;Prakash Chandra Tripathi ,&nbsp;Thandavarajan Sakthivel ,&nbsp;Polappati Mohan Mithun ,&nbsp;Damodhar Deekshith","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karonda is a nutritive and medicinally important wild fruit crop cultivated mainly in Asian countries. The plant and its produce are widely used in the Indian tribe’s medicine, Ayurveda, Unani, and Homoeopathic system of medicines. However, its phenological stages have not yet been defined systematically. In this study, the important phenological growth stages of karonda occurring during an annual growth cycle were identified and described using a three- digits extended BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale. A total of 38 secondary growth stages encompassing the 7 principal growth stages were identified and described as per the BBCH scale. The seven principal growth stages identified include three vegetative stages (bud, leaf and shoot development), two flowering stages (inflorescence emergence and flower development) and two fruiting stages (fruit development and maturity). Besides, the physicochemical changes occurring during fruit development and maturity stages were studied. The fruit weight, total soluble solids and iron content increased gradually during fruit development stages starting from 701 stage and reaching maximum at the 819 stage. Further, the important insect pests were documented from 010 to 819 stages. The insect pests such as defoliator and shoot webber cum borer were belonging to the Sphingidae and Tortricidae families respectively, were most commonly observed. The detailed description of phenological stages based on BBCH scale, information of physicochemical changes and insect pests generated in this study will help for scientific cultivation of karonda especially in scheduling crop production and crop protection practices. Besides, the developed BBCH scale can be a useful tool for characterization of germplasm in the gene banks and understanding the effect of climatic changes on karonda production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular authentication of Paeonia species for paeonia radix production using plastid and nuclear DNA markers","authors":"Jiseok Kim ,&nbsp;Jong-Soo Kang ,&nbsp;Hyun-Seung Park ,&nbsp;Jae-Hyeon Jeon ,&nbsp;Jee Young Park ,&nbsp;Eunbi Yeo ,&nbsp;Jung Hwa Kang ,&nbsp;Seung Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Do Won Jeong ,&nbsp;Young-Sik Kim ,&nbsp;Hocheol Kim ,&nbsp;Woojong Jang ,&nbsp;Goya Choi ,&nbsp;Byeong Cheol Moon ,&nbsp;Tae-Jin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Paeonia lactiflora</em> is a perennial herbaceous plant popular in oriental medicine and as an ornamental plant. Two related species, <em>P. veitchii</em> and <em>P. obovata</em>, share several medicinal uses with <em>P. lactiflora</em>. To develop a molecular authentication system for these three <em>Paeonia</em> species, which are used to produce the Chinese herbal medicine Paeonia Radix, we generated super-barcode information. This included complete plastid genomes (plastomes) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S nrDNA) from two accessions of <em>P. lactiflora</em> and one accession each of <em>P. veitchii</em> and <em>P. obovata</em>, using whole-genome sequencing data. The four plastomes range from 152,519 to 152,731 base pairs (bp) in length and have the same gene content and order. The 45S nrDNA transcriptional units range from 5879 to 6315 bp in length and show 33 SNPs among the three species. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastome and 45S nrDNA sequences clearly identified each species as a monophyletic group. Inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms were discovered among these three <em>Paeonia</em> species and <em>Paeonia suffruticosa</em>. Four molecular markers were developed to discriminate between <em>P. lactiflora</em>, <em>P. veitchii</em>, <em>P. obovata</em>, and <em>P. suffruticosa</em>, the main species used to produce Paeonia Radix in Korea and China. These markers successfully authenticated the species when applied to multiple herbal samples collected from various origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}