Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

The effect of genotype by environment interaction is one of the limiting factor for successfully identifying superior genotypes in plant breeding programs. The study aimed to identify celery genotypes with high and stable yields across different environments by assessing genotype-environment (GE) interactions, stability indices, and associations between agronomic parameters. Twenty celery genotypes were sown in randomized complete block design field trials at three locations in Punjab, India, viz., Ludhiana, Amritsar, and Gurdaspur during 2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21. Phenotypic data for thirteen agronomic parameters were collected for GE interactions study. The investigation mainly focused on the significance of GGE biplots in explaining GE interactions based on seed yield-related traits. Results revealed significant differences in genotypes, locations, years, and interactions in the studied traits. The WAASB (weighted average of absolute sScores) stability index estimation was highlighted to identify superior genotypes with maximum seed yield and high stability. The investigation specified the suitability of MTSI (multi-trait stability index), which considers multiple traits through genotype-ideotype distance, for assessing stability. Seed yield showed a positive and significant correlation with primary branches and umbels per plant that would be effective in simultaneous selection for multiple traits. Based on MTSI, three genotypes, PAU1, PAU9, and PAU10, were identified as stable and high-yielding across all three tested locations. The investigation suggests that efforts should focus on identifying location-specific genotypes using multi-location and multi-year data for varietal releases rather than emphasizing the overall performance of genotypes.

The fruits of Illicium griffithii are of medicinal and economic importance. In this study, five solvents viz. methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and water at 20–100% concentration analyzed for phenolic content (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS) of I. griffithii fruit. TPC was highest (40.06±0.48 mg GAE/g dw) in 80% MeOH, and TFC was highest (6.58±0.12 mg QE/g dw) in 100% EtOAc extracts. The antioxidant activities were higher in extract(s) with 100% of each solvent (93.35–94.27% inhibition) and highest in 100% EtOAc extracts. A total of 7 phenolic compounds, viz. gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and phloridzin, were identified in different solvent extracts. 100% MeOH extracted the highest content of gallic acid (2.54 mg/g) and catechin (2.59 mg/g). The ATR-FTIR spectra showed the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, and phenolic groups. The TGA analysis exposed volatile matter, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. The FESEM analysis also revealed the morphological changes in treated samples. The extraction efficacy of phenolic compounds was better in extracts with higher concentration of solvents (60% −100%). The fruit is a rich source of phenolics and antioxidants; thus, it can provide multiple industrial benefits.

The high accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soils is becoming a major ecological concern worldwide that negatively impacts all living organisms. Therefore, sustainable solutions are urgently needed to withstand these challenging circumstances and to maintain natural ecosystem functionality. Among the relevant solutions is to select well-adapted plant species and embed them in revegetation operations for degraded areas. In this study, the effects of different concentrations (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L^–1) of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pd) on the seed germination capacity and initial growth performance of two valuable aromatic plants (Lavandula stoechas L. and Myrtus communis L.) were tested. The germination of seeds was greatest in the control treatment (0 mg L^–1), while amplifying HM stress restricted germination. The results obtained showed that seeds of L. stoechas were unable to germinate in the presence of high doses of Cd (400 and 600 mg L^–1) and Ni (600 mg mg L^–1), and subsequently featuring increasing tolerance thresholds in the following order: Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Regardless of the HM used, M. communis seeds germinated at all concentrations, and germination increased in the following pattern of HM resistance: Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb. Seedlings of L. stoechas displayed better resistance to Ni and Pb, while M. communis seedlings were most strongly affected by Ni. Overall, the hypocotyl was typically more susceptible to different metal elements than the radicle. The ability of seeds to effectively emerge in a broad range of HM solutions indicates that both species can further establish and propagate in contaminated soils.

Eryngium planum L. known as Blue eryngo is used as fresh and dried ornamental plant along with medicinal applications. It is used in folk medicine in Europe as Eryngii plani herba and Eryngii plani radix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different natural (shade (SHD¹) and sun (SD²) drying) and artificial drying methods (oven (OD³), vacuum oven (VOD⁴), infrared (ID⁵), freeze (FD⁶) and microwave (MD⁷) drying) on the essential oil (EO) content and composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content and also antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of Blue eryngo. The energy consumption of drying in SHD, SD, FD, OD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, VOD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, ID at 125, 132 and 220 W/cm² and MD at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 W were also calculated. The isolation of EOs was done by hydro-distillation method and their components were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results disclosed that the highest (0.19 g/100 g D.M.) and lowest (0.08 g/100 g D.M.) essential oil content related to VOD at 60 ℃ and fresh plant, respectively. The highest (30.8 %) and the lowest (14.7 %) β-Elemene (as a main compound) was obtained by OD at 60 ℃ and SD, respectively. SHD needed the highest drying time (70.7 h) whereas the lowest one (0.2 h) related to MD at 500 W. The highest (44.8 kW.h) and the lowest (0.1 kW.h) energy consumption were related to FD and MD at 500 W, respectively. Different drying treatments showed different total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the highest total phenolic content related to ID at 220 W/cm² with 66.62 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract. The OD at 50 ℃ showed the highest total flavonoid content with 6.5 mg QE/g dry weight of extract and the highest antioxidant capacity related to OD 50 ℃ with IC50 192.66 µg/ml. In conclusion, the best drying methods based on energy consumption, time of drying, EO content and composition for E. planum are MD 500 W, OD 60 ℃ and VOD 50 and 60 ℃.

In the present study, developed a dependable HPLC technique to quantify asarinin and sesamin in Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. The optimal conditions for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined by conducting single-factor experiment, Plackett-Burman design experiment, and Box-Behnken response surface method. Based on actual operation factors and analysis, the optimal extraction parameters were methanol volume fraction of 80% (v/v), liquid-to-material ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), ultrasonic time of 40 min, ultrasonic temperature of 51°C, and ultrasonic power of 300 W. When subjected to these conditions, the average asarinin and sesamin content were found to be 13.40 mg/g and 2.39 mg/g, respectively, with a relative error of 1.04% and 3.46%, which was consistent with the theoretical value. This study can offer a theoretical reference for the extraction of asarinin and sesamin in Asarum.

Despite the wide medicinal use of Ajania fastigiata (C. Winkl.) Poljakov. in folk medicine, most Ajania species from Central Asia have not been explored comprehensively. Resource data revealed that A. fastigiata growing in the Zhetysu Alatau of Kazakhstan in three gorges among the Terekty river valley, Maliy Baskan, Sarkan, and the Karasyryk gorge at altitudes of 1183–1510 m. Anatomical and morphological studies were carried out on the vegetative organs of plants and results can be noted that A. fastigiata is typical for xerophytic plants growing in conditions of lack of moisture. Phytochemical investigation of the main bioactive constituents, together with the plant quality standardization were determined by the methods of State Pharmacopeia. Eleven macro-, and microelements of the A. fastigiata were identified with analysis of multi-element atomic emission spectral. Moreover, A. fastigiata demonstrated notable effectiveness against enzymes related diabetes and bacterial infections (α-glucosidase, PTP1B, BNA) and encouraging antioxidant properties. It is concluded that A. fastigiata is widely distributed and has potential ethnobotanical use with strong phytochemical composition which pharmacological active composition extraction method was determined by optimization model. The ideal parameters were identified as follows: a temperature of 50 °C, a time of 120 minutes, and a sonication power of 30 kHz for both dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of A. fastigiata. Under these optimized conditions, the DPPH-RSA values for the DCM and EtOAc extracts were determined to be 41.84% and 83.08%, respectively, and matched the anticipated results.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a vital summer season perennial semi shrub and multipurpose drought resilient flower crop of the tropical region of the Indian subcontinent. This industrially dominant crop is primarily availed as border, bedding and pot culture in landscaping; and also cultivated for its anti-cancer alkaloid compounds enriched plant parts. Hence, the present study was focused to explore diversity. Six inbred lines of periwinkle were crossed in full-diallel fashion with an objective of identifying superior cross-combinations for high general, specific and reciprocal combining ability. The analysis of variance for combining ability was highly significant for growth and flowering traits indicated existence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. However some traits showed only additive effect due to non-significant general combining ability. The parental lines of Vi-13–2 and Vi-15–2 expressed superior general combining effects for flower yield and considered as good general combiners for crossing programmes. The cross combinations Vi-15–1 × Vi-14–3 and Vi-16 × Vi-15–2 exhibited significantly positive specific combining ability effects for flower yield and considered as good specific direct combiners. High specific direct cross combiners necessitate poor × good, good × good and poor × poor parental combinations and can be contribute additive × dominance, additive × additive, dominance × dominance and epistatic gene interactions. The specific reciprocal cross combiners identified as Vi-14–3 × Vi-29 and Vi-14–3 × Vi-13–2 with superior expression in the reciprocal magnitudes for various traits might be due to cytoplasmic effects. The current investigation is designed to identify the best performing inbred lines for ornamental utilization as well as lines that can be exploited as parents in subsequent crosses.

In this study, ionic liquid microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (IL-MAHD) was employed to overcome the challenges of substantial emulsification and low extraction yield which occur in the extraction process of Angelica sinensis essential oil (AEO). Additionally, an online detection system was introduced into the AEO extractor to enable real-time monitoring during the extraction process. Optimal conditions were determined as follows: material-to-liquid of 1:10, ionic liquid concentration of 0.5%, microwave power of 400 W, extraction time of 4 h, condensation temperature of 20 °C, and cooling temperature of 40 °C. Under these optimized conditions, the AEO yield reached 0.7707%, marking a 1.4066-fold increase compared to microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and a 3.7615-fold increase compared to hydrodistillation (HD). Meanwhile, IL-MAHD exhibited the highest relative content of (Z)-ligustilide (73.424%), and the corresponding AEO displayed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at concentrations of 7.8125, 15.625, and 31.25 µg/g. The results of extraction kinetics and online monitoring suggested that the IL-MAHD achieved the fastest extraction yield of AEO. This study provides a new perspective on exploring a potential cost-efficient technology for the industrial extraction of essential oils.

In this study, the G1-Entropy method was employed together with a response surface methodology (RSM) approach to establish a multi-index-based system for evaluating and optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from Phyllanthus emblica L. Seven chemical classes' contents were evaluated, including TPC (total phenolic content), TC (tannin content), DEY (dry extract yield), GA (gallic acid), CO (corilagin), CA (chebulagic acid), and EA (ellagic acid). The resultant extracts were also assessed for their antioxidant activity, as measured based on their DPPH radical, ABTS⁺, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity levels and their capacity to reduce iron ions. The inhibition of fluorescent AGEs generation was also assessed in BSA-Fru and MGO-BSA model assays to gauge the anti-glycation activity of these extracts. In total, a comprehensive score was derived based on 13 indices and corresponding weight values, with these scores then being used to determine the extraction conditions that yielded the best outcome. Through this strategy, the ideal extraction processing parameters were found to include an ethanol concentration of 56%, a liquid-solid ratio of 8 mL/g, and an extraction duration of 100 min. Using these optimized conditions yielded a predicted comprehensive score (Y) of 94.91, while the response value based on three independent variables from the validation experiments performed using these conditions was 92.03. These results highlight the promise of leveraging Phyllanthus emblica as a resource for use in the cosmetic, food, biochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Madhunashini, Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. ex Sm. (F: Asclepiadaceae) is an important industrial medicinal plant that has various pharmacological properties like antidiabetic, antiobesity, anticarcinogenic and neuroprotective. The invasive mealybugs, i.e., Phenacoccus solenopsis and Paracoccus marginatus, are causing significant yield losses to G. sylvestre in India. The identity of the mealybug species, P. solenopsis and P. marginatus, were confirmed both morphologically and molecularly by using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with (GenBank Accession No. OQ349395 and OQ358124). The pest incidence occurs throughout the year, but its peak activity was observed during the summer months (April to August). In the current investigation, 30 genotypes were examined for their resistance against mealybugs in their natural field environment for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021 in the geographical region of Anand, Gujarat, India. The pooled analysis showed that the severity of infestation ranged between 0.41 and 3.57. Our study results revealed that 10% of the genotypes i.e. DGS-18, DGS-26, and DGS-28, were highly resistant. Furthermore, 16.66% of the genotypes, i.e. DGS-13, DGS-15, DGS-22, DGS-30, and DGS-33 were categorized as resistant. The novel resistant genotypes identified in the present study will be helpful for the management of P. solenopsis and P. marginatus, in G. sylvestre. The resistant genotypes have excellent scope for reducing the use of pesticide usage as well as help in mitigating pesticide residue.