Pub Date : 2017-10-20DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00157
SiddiqiKS, A. Rahman, Tajuddin
The authors [1] have said, with great conviction that, the exact position of absorption of silver depends on the dielectric constant of the medium without any experimental evidence. However, it is universally known that this absorption band is solely dependent on the surface plasmon vibration of silver nanoparticles and the other compounds present in the solution. It has nothing to do with dielectric constant of the solvent. As the concentration of silver nanoparticles increases, the absorbance also increases (Figure 1) without any change in the max λ [1].
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles - Green Synthesis and Misconception","authors":"SiddiqiKS, A. Rahman, Tajuddin","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00157","url":null,"abstract":"The authors [1] have said, with great conviction that, the exact position of absorption of silver depends on the dielectric constant of the medium without any experimental evidence. However, it is universally known that this absorption band is solely dependent on the surface plasmon vibration of silver nanoparticles and the other compounds present in the solution. It has nothing to do with dielectric constant of the solvent. As the concentration of silver nanoparticles increases, the absorbance also increases (Figure 1) without any change in the max λ [1].","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80568183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-12DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00156
M. Aziz
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com by the Libyan youth claiming for their freedom and took down the Libyan general’s regime which affected hugely the economical state of the country that only depends on the oil as the main resource of the country’s income alongside with the tourism which was affected too. Since this moment, the Libyan war started between different terminals. Along six years, a huge amount of gases, very fine particulates, inorganic/organic chemicals, and unknown toxic substances were spread in the environment as a result of the war. Hence, the health and environment were affected greatly.
{"title":"After Libyan War: Health and Environmental Research Exist or Not?","authors":"M. Aziz","doi":"10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00156","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com by the Libyan youth claiming for their freedom and took down the Libyan general’s regime which affected hugely the economical state of the country that only depends on the oil as the main resource of the country’s income alongside with the tourism which was affected too. Since this moment, the Libyan war started between different terminals. Along six years, a huge amount of gases, very fine particulates, inorganic/organic chemicals, and unknown toxic substances were spread in the environment as a result of the war. Hence, the health and environment were affected greatly.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88824818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-03DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00155
Sofia Babanova
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com treatment approach [1,2]. Biofuel cells can be divided into two main categories: enzymatic fuel cells (EFC) and microbial fuel cells (MFC). In both, oxidation of a given “fuel” occurs at the anode combined with a reduction of final electron acceptor at the cathode [3] . The potential difference between the two electrodes is the driving force of the processes, which leads to the transformation of chemical energy, stored in the “fuel” bonds, to electrical current [4]. Based on their operational principle these systems are classified as galvanic or fuel cells but what makes them “untraditional” is the nature of the catalysts used. In EFCs, the oxidation and reduction processes are catalyzed by the utilization of specific redox enzymes and in MFCs, the catalysts applied are microorganisms. The exploration of naturally occurring processes and phenomenon for the generation of electricity is the most beneficial feature of biofuel cells [5]. They are biocompatible, cheap, selective, and effective at mild temperatures and neutral pH. Therefore, biofuel cells can be a key technology toward the generation of clean and sustainable energy.
{"title":"Bioelectrocatalysis and More","authors":"Sofia Babanova","doi":"10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00155","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com treatment approach [1,2]. Biofuel cells can be divided into two main categories: enzymatic fuel cells (EFC) and microbial fuel cells (MFC). In both, oxidation of a given “fuel” occurs at the anode combined with a reduction of final electron acceptor at the cathode [3] . The potential difference between the two electrodes is the driving force of the processes, which leads to the transformation of chemical energy, stored in the “fuel” bonds, to electrical current [4]. Based on their operational principle these systems are classified as galvanic or fuel cells but what makes them “untraditional” is the nature of the catalysts used. In EFCs, the oxidation and reduction processes are catalyzed by the utilization of specific redox enzymes and in MFCs, the catalysts applied are microorganisms. The exploration of naturally occurring processes and phenomenon for the generation of electricity is the most beneficial feature of biofuel cells [5]. They are biocompatible, cheap, selective, and effective at mild temperatures and neutral pH. Therefore, biofuel cells can be a key technology toward the generation of clean and sustainable energy.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80012343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00154
Garima Thakur, T. Thundat
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com There is substantial progress made in the field of self-assembly of proteins and peptides in the last two decades [1]. Self-assembly of biomolecules into array of nanoor -micro structures facilitate in generation of smart biomaterials [1-3]. Biomolecules based nanostructures are extremely sensitive and using proteins as building blocks creates an opportunity to transform the functional micro-environment of the assemblies. Controlled protein self-assembly is still in its infancy but holds great potential in biotechnology.
{"title":"Designing Protein Self-Assembly for Smart Materials","authors":"Garima Thakur, T. Thundat","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00154","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com There is substantial progress made in the field of self-assembly of proteins and peptides in the last two decades [1]. Self-assembly of biomolecules into array of nanoor -micro structures facilitate in generation of smart biomaterials [1-3]. Biomolecules based nanostructures are extremely sensitive and using proteins as building blocks creates an opportunity to transform the functional micro-environment of the assemblies. Controlled protein self-assembly is still in its infancy but holds great potential in biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72781207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00153
P. Gaurav, Ey, Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Y. Agrawal
Forensic science is a wide field, which comprises of contributions of different branches such as physics, biology, chemistry, geology along with mathematics for the examination and analysis of various evidence collected from a crime scene. In recent times, Nanotechnology has enabled the fast, specific and sensitive analysis of evidence. Nanotechnology-basedtechniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have eased the detection of evidence such as explosives, human hair, line crossings and blood [1]. Various nanomaterials such as silver and gold nanoparticles have also been used for the detection as well as collection of evidence. Among various kinds of evidence, fingerprints have always served as a promising means during forensic investigations. Collection and development of latent fingerprints has always been a problem for investigators. In a literature, bentonite clay has been used for the development of latent fingerprints. The clay was loaded with cationic dyes, rhodamine 6G and methylene blue, which helped in the development of fingerprints [2]. Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) can also be used for collection and detection of various evidence during forensic investigations.
{"title":"Future Aspects of Halloysite Nanotubes in Forensic Investigations","authors":"P. Gaurav, Ey, Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Y. Agrawal","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00153","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic science is a wide field, which comprises of contributions of different branches such as physics, biology, chemistry, geology along with mathematics for the examination and analysis of various evidence collected from a crime scene. In recent times, Nanotechnology has enabled the fast, specific and sensitive analysis of evidence. Nanotechnology-basedtechniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have eased the detection of evidence such as explosives, human hair, line crossings and blood [1]. Various nanomaterials such as silver and gold nanoparticles have also been used for the detection as well as collection of evidence. Among various kinds of evidence, fingerprints have always served as a promising means during forensic investigations. Collection and development of latent fingerprints has always been a problem for investigators. In a literature, bentonite clay has been used for the development of latent fingerprints. The clay was loaded with cationic dyes, rhodamine 6G and methylene blue, which helped in the development of fingerprints [2]. Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) can also be used for collection and detection of various evidence during forensic investigations.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"348 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84862522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00151
A. Abdellatif
The ideal sustained release products should not only have a prolonged drug releasing function, but should also offer once or twice a day dose treatment and better control of therapeutic drug level; this will have two benefits: the first is fewer side effects and the second is improved disease management. Hence a good patient compliance is obtained due to reduction in the frequency of daily dosing [1,2]. The problem of patient compliance and its considerable effect on drug therapy is the great advances and extensive research work considering drug absorption and its pharmacokinetics, the rapid growth of polymer technology and some other factors are behind the interest and rationale design of prolonged action dosage forms [3]. Prolonged or controlled release drugs are classified into three basic types: (1) Sustained release, (2) Prolonged action, and (3) repeat action dosage forms [4].
{"title":"Microparticles Formulation as a Targeting Drug Delivery System","authors":"A. Abdellatif","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00151","url":null,"abstract":"The ideal sustained release products should not only have a prolonged drug releasing function, but should also offer once or twice a day dose treatment and better control of therapeutic drug level; this will have two benefits: the first is fewer side effects and the second is improved disease management. Hence a good patient compliance is obtained due to reduction in the frequency of daily dosing [1,2]. The problem of patient compliance and its considerable effect on drug therapy is the great advances and extensive research work considering drug absorption and its pharmacokinetics, the rapid growth of polymer technology and some other factors are behind the interest and rationale design of prolonged action dosage forms [3]. Prolonged or controlled release drugs are classified into three basic types: (1) Sustained release, (2) Prolonged action, and (3) repeat action dosage forms [4].","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88488770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-06DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00149
S. Mukhopadhyay, Jyoti Nautiyal, Jyotsana Bhatt, S. Durgapal
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of nanostructures with the biological system of human being. Nanotoxicity occurs when biological system induces toxic biological responses due to the interaction with the properties of nanostructures either physical properties, chemical properties or both. Nanostructures include Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Nanometals, Nanowire, Nanoballs and Nanocapsules etc [2]. In simple language, Nanotoxicology is the study of adverse effects which are caused by nanomaterial [3].
{"title":"Nanotoxicology: Assessment of Toxicological Properties of Nanomaterial","authors":"S. Mukhopadhyay, Jyoti Nautiyal, Jyotsana Bhatt, S. Durgapal","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00149","url":null,"abstract":"Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of nanostructures with the biological system of human being. Nanotoxicity occurs when biological system induces toxic biological responses due to the interaction with the properties of nanostructures either physical properties, chemical properties or both. Nanostructures include Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Nanometals, Nanowire, Nanoballs and Nanocapsules etc [2]. In simple language, Nanotoxicology is the study of adverse effects which are caused by nanomaterial [3].","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85804190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00147
C. C. Oliveira, M. Brito
Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world [1]. Nearly two thirds of myocardial infarctions occur due to rupture and thrombosis of non-flow-limiting plaques in lesions that showed only moderate stenosis. The risk of rupture in nonstenotic plaques seems to depend more on plaque composition rather than plaque size or fibrous cap thickness solely. The vulnerable plaques are morphologically characterized by outward remodeling, increased plaque neovascularity, intraplaque hemorrhage, smooth muscle cell depletion and microcalcification. It is also descried that namely intimal and adventitial inflammation play a key role in plaque vulnerability, rupture and subsequent thrombosis, exposing that the plaque instability is intrinsically related to the atherosclerotic inflammatory process [2,3]. Detection of a vulnerable plaque and subsequent rupture prevention is a remaining challenge in cardiology. Mostly because the available diagnostic tools lack the molecular information and it is now clear that based in purely anatomic imaging it is difficult to predict an ACS [4]. Among the available diagnostic tools the intravascular imaging and molecular imaging probes are emerging as possible methods for this purpose, though none is available for accurately predict plaque rupture. In this mini-review we will focus on the most promising imaging tools combinations that can finally deliver a complete diagnose of plaque vulnerability.
{"title":"How to Look Closely to Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques Using Nanoparticles","authors":"C. C. Oliveira, M. Brito","doi":"10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00147","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world [1]. Nearly two thirds of myocardial infarctions occur due to rupture and thrombosis of non-flow-limiting plaques in lesions that showed only moderate stenosis. The risk of rupture in nonstenotic plaques seems to depend more on plaque composition rather than plaque size or fibrous cap thickness solely. The vulnerable plaques are morphologically characterized by outward remodeling, increased plaque neovascularity, intraplaque hemorrhage, smooth muscle cell depletion and microcalcification. It is also descried that namely intimal and adventitial inflammation play a key role in plaque vulnerability, rupture and subsequent thrombosis, exposing that the plaque instability is intrinsically related to the atherosclerotic inflammatory process [2,3]. Detection of a vulnerable plaque and subsequent rupture prevention is a remaining challenge in cardiology. Mostly because the available diagnostic tools lack the molecular information and it is now clear that based in purely anatomic imaging it is difficult to predict an ACS [4]. Among the available diagnostic tools the intravascular imaging and molecular imaging probes are emerging as possible methods for this purpose, though none is available for accurately predict plaque rupture. In this mini-review we will focus on the most promising imaging tools combinations that can finally deliver a complete diagnose of plaque vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87773756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-29DOI: 10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00146
S. Senthilkumar, KashinathL, M. Ashok, A. Rajendran
The development of environmental dealings for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticle using plant mediated process is evolving an important branch of nano biotechnology. It offers a controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles with welldefined shape, size, composition and morphology. The present study reveals the green synthesis of gold nanoparticle that is non-toxic, novel and eco-friendly. This synthesis approach is cost effective, eco-friendly and promising method for generation of new materials which can be used for many potential applications in field of science and medical. The colour change in UV-visible spectroscopy at absorption peak of 536 nm occurred due to the surface Plasmon Resonance effect. The antimicrobial activity and mechanism of gold nanoparticles studies for the bacterial growth of gram-negative bacteria like E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis respectively. Highly crystalline nanoparticles of size 10nm are confirmed from HR-TEM which supports with d spacing of XRD analysis. Further the characteristics of the obtained gold nanoparticles were studied using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopic, and High Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy and the results are presented in detail.
{"title":"Antibacterial Properties and Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticles Obtained from Pergularia Daemia Leaf Extract","authors":"S. Senthilkumar, KashinathL, M. Ashok, A. Rajendran","doi":"10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JNMR.2017.06.00146","url":null,"abstract":"The development of environmental dealings for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticle using plant mediated process is evolving an important branch of nano biotechnology. It offers a controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles with welldefined shape, size, composition and morphology. The present study reveals the green synthesis of gold nanoparticle that is non-toxic, novel and eco-friendly. This synthesis approach is cost effective, eco-friendly and promising method for generation of new materials which can be used for many potential applications in field of science and medical. The colour change in UV-visible spectroscopy at absorption peak of 536 nm occurred due to the surface Plasmon Resonance effect. The antimicrobial activity and mechanism of gold nanoparticles studies for the bacterial growth of gram-negative bacteria like E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis respectively. Highly crystalline nanoparticles of size 10nm are confirmed from HR-TEM which supports with d spacing of XRD analysis. Further the characteristics of the obtained gold nanoparticles were studied using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopic, and High Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy and the results are presented in detail.","PeriodicalId":16465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomedicine Research","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86708087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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