Pub Date : 2002-10-30DOI: 10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9014
Y. Tokiwa
Introduction Microbial Biodegradation of Polyurethane Enzymatic Degradation of Polyurethanes Containing Polyester Segment (ES-PUR) Enzymatic Hydrolysis of ES-PUR Effect of Polyester Molecular Weight on ES-PUR Hydrolysis by R. delemar Lipase Effect of Third Component of ES-PUR on Hydrolysis by R. delemar Lipase Effect of Chemical Structure of Diisocyanate on ES-PUR Hydrolysis by Lipase Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: polyester; polycarbonate; polyamide; polyurethane; aliphatic; microbial degradation; biodegradability; hydrolysis; lipase; esterase; enzymatic degradation; environmental compatibility
{"title":"Biodegradation of Polyurethanes","authors":"Y. Tokiwa","doi":"10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Microbial Biodegradation of Polyurethane \u0000Enzymatic Degradation of Polyurethanes Containing Polyester Segment (ES-PUR) \u0000Enzymatic Hydrolysis of ES-PUR \u0000Effect of Polyester Molecular Weight on ES-PUR Hydrolysis by R. delemar Lipase \u0000Effect of Third Component of ES-PUR on Hydrolysis by R. delemar Lipase \u0000Effect of Chemical Structure of Diisocyanate on ES-PUR Hydrolysis by Lipase \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Outlook and Perspectives \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000polyester; \u0000polycarbonate; \u0000polyamide; \u0000polyurethane; \u0000aliphatic; \u0000microbial degradation; \u0000biodegradability; \u0000hydrolysis; \u0000lipase; \u0000esterase; \u0000enzymatic degradation; \u0000environmental compatibility","PeriodicalId":165163,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers Online","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133653477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-30DOI: 10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9007
D. Sullivan
Introduction Malaria Malaria Pathogenesis Hemoglobin Degradation Historical Outline Pigment Associates with Malaria Pigment Links Mosquito to Plasmodium Life Cycle Chemical Structure Occurrence Function of Hemozoin Structure of Hemozoin Analysis of Early Purifications Comparison with Schistosomal Pigment Hemozoin Lacks Protein The Iron–Oxygen Coordinate Bond Paramagnetic Hemozoin Biochemical Formation of Hemozoin Formalin Pigment Other Parasite Pigments Plasmodium Protein Initiation of Pigment Inhibition of Hemozoin Formation Immune Modulation of Hemozoin Perturbation of Leukocyte Function Leukocyte Pigment as a Prognostic Indicator Patents Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: Heme; iron; protoporphyrin IX. Plasmodium falciparum; malarial pigment; hemozoin; quinoline; chemotherapy; β-hematin; heme polymer; Schistosoma; Haemoproteus; malaria; immunity; formalin pigment
Pub Date : 2002-10-30DOI: 10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9005
R. Dieckmann, T. Schwecke
Introduction Historical Outline Erythromycin Biosynthesis The Erythromycin Gene Cluster The DEBS-Proteins The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Rapamycin Other Modular Polyketide Synthases NRPS/PKS Hybrids Generation of Novel Polyketides via Genetic Engineering Relocation of the Thioesterase Domain Domain Swapping Recombination of Modules Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: polyketide synthase; erythromycin; rapamycin; non-ribosomal peptide synthetase; combinatorial biosynthesis; hybrid system
Pub Date : 2002-10-30DOI: 10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9009
W. Hashimoto, Y. Mishima, O. Miyake, H. Nankai, K. Momma, K. Murata
Introduction Historical Outline Alginate Xanthan Gellan Alginate Depolymerization Alginate-assimilating Bacterium Genes Responsible for Uptake of Alginate Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Alginate in Sphingomonas sp. A1 Catalytic Action and Crystal Structure of Alginate Lyase A1-III Xanthan Depolymerization Xanthan-assimilating Bacterium Properties of Xanthan Lyase and its Gene Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Xanthan in Bacillus sp. GL1 Gellan Depolymerization Gellan-assimilating Bacterium Properties of Gellan Lyase and its Gene Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Gellan in Bacillus sp. GL1 Concluding Remarks Direct Uptake System for Macromolecules Common Rules for Polysaccharide Lyase Processing Structure and Evolution of Sugar-metabolizing Enzymes Functions of Bacterial Exopoly- and Oligosaccharides Outlook and Perspectives Acknowledgments Keywords: exopolysaccharide; biofilm; Sphingomonas; Bacillus; alginate; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; xanthan; Xanthomonas campestris; gellan; Sphingomonas paucimobilis; polysaccharide lyase; biodegradation; cell surface; pit; macromolecule import; ABC transporter; crystal structure; post-translational processing; autoprocessing; multiplicity of genetic information
{"title":"Biodegradation of Alginate, Xanthan, and Gellan","authors":"W. Hashimoto, Y. Mishima, O. Miyake, H. Nankai, K. Momma, K. Murata","doi":"10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Historical Outline \u0000Alginate \u0000Xanthan \u0000Gellan \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Alginate Depolymerization \u0000Alginate-assimilating Bacterium \u0000Genes Responsible for Uptake of Alginate \u0000Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Alginate in Sphingomonas sp. A1 \u0000Catalytic Action and Crystal Structure of Alginate Lyase A1-III \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Xanthan Depolymerization \u0000Xanthan-assimilating Bacterium \u0000Properties of Xanthan Lyase and its Gene \u0000Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Xanthan in Bacillus sp. GL1 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Gellan Depolymerization \u0000Gellan-assimilating Bacterium \u0000Properties of Gellan Lyase and its Gene \u0000Enzymatic Depolymerization System for Gellan in Bacillus sp. GL1 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Concluding Remarks \u0000Direct Uptake System for Macromolecules \u0000Common Rules for Polysaccharide Lyase Processing \u0000Structure and Evolution of Sugar-metabolizing Enzymes \u0000Functions of Bacterial Exopoly- and Oligosaccharides \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Outlook and Perspectives \u0000Acknowledgments \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000exopolysaccharide; \u0000biofilm; \u0000Sphingomonas; \u0000Bacillus; \u0000alginate; \u0000Pseudomonas aeruginosa; \u0000xanthan; \u0000Xanthomonas campestris; \u0000gellan; \u0000Sphingomonas paucimobilis; \u0000polysaccharide lyase; \u0000biodegradation; \u0000cell surface; \u0000pit; \u0000macromolecule import; \u0000ABC transporter; \u0000crystal structure; \u0000post-translational processing; \u0000autoprocessing; \u0000multiplicity of genetic information","PeriodicalId":165163,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers Online","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-30DOI: 10.1002/3527600035.BPOL9013
F. Kawai, Takaya Hayashi
Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structure Biodegradation of Polyacrylate Biodegradation of Acrylic Oligomers Biodegradation of PAA Biodegradation of UV-irradiated PAA Physiology Production Patents Outlook and Perspectives Acknowledgments Keywords: acrylic oligomer; acrylic polymer; polyanion; polyelectrolyte; water-soluble specialty polymer; β-oxidation; UV irradiation
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