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2019 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)最新文献

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Impacts of Channel Doping on NBTI Reliability and Variability in Nanoscale FinFETs 通道掺杂对纳米finfet中NBTI可靠性和可变性的影响
Zhe Zhang, Runsheng Wang, Yangyuan Wang, Ru Huang
In this paper, the channel doping concentration (Nch) dependence of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) reliability and variability is comprehensively studied using ‘atomistic’ TCAD simulations. The ΔVth distributions and current density distributions at different Nch are investigated. It is helpful for understanding of NBTI degradation in nanoscale devices.
本文采用“原子”TCAD模拟方法,全面研究了通道掺杂浓度(Nch)对负偏置温度不稳定性(NBTI)可靠性和可变性的依赖关系。研究了不同Nch下的ΔVth分布和电流密度分布。这有助于理解NBTI在纳米器件中的降解过程。
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引用次数: 0
The probe marker discoloration on Al pad and wafer storage 铝衬垫和晶圆存储的探针标记变色
W. Hsieh, Henry Lin, Vincent Chen, Irene Ou, Y. Lou
In this report, a novel probe marker discoloration corrosion on Al pad, with donut/circle shape, was found. This probe marker discoloration corrosion was found at the stage of blue tape. Back to check the wafer process, no clear corrosion was found before CP probing test. In order to identify the microstructure & components of this probe marker discoloration corrosion, SEM/EDS, TEM/EELS & AES analysis were applied. These structure & surface analysis results indicated this discoloration is a combination of Aluminum, Fluorine and Oxygen. No Fluoride was detected on the normal region of Al pad. All these results implied the role of fluorine element to induce this probe marker discoloration corrosion. The source of F element is critical in this case, so the testing and storage conditions would be supposed to be important for the formation of probe marker discoloration corrosion. The HAST testing with condition of temperature 130°C and RH 85% for 21 hours, all the chip samples were simulated to have been exposed in air without N2 cabinet storage or MBB bag storage for 1 year. This HAST test result showed none of exhibition of discoloration or existed discoloration chips being deteriorated. Another storage test based on regular full wafer FOSB storage showed existed discoloration chips being deteriorated. This FOSB storage test indicated the source of corrosive F element maybe come from wafer itself. The EDS element mapping data indicated the F element enriched Al pad on wafer extreme edge area was clearly identified. The source of F element was found. And the storage of processed wafer would play a key role in the formation of discoloration corrosion.
本文在Al衬垫上发现了一种新型探针标记物变色腐蚀,其形状为甜甜圈/圆形。该探针标记在蓝带阶段出现变色腐蚀。回去检查晶圆工艺,在CP探测测试前没有发现明显的腐蚀。采用SEM/EDS、TEM/EELS和AES等分析方法对该探针标记变色腐蚀的微观结构和组成进行了鉴定。这些结构和表面分析结果表明,这种变色是铝、氟和氧的结合。铝垫正常区未检出氟化物。这些结果暗示了氟元素在诱导探针标记物变色腐蚀中的作用。在这种情况下,F元素的来源至关重要,因此测试和储存条件对探针标记物变色腐蚀的形成至关重要。在温度130℃,相对湿度85%的条件下进行了21小时的HAST测试,模拟所有芯片样品在没有N2柜或MBB袋储存的情况下暴露在空气中1年。此HAST测试结果显示没有任何变色的迹象或存在的变色芯片正在恶化。另一项基于常规全晶圆FOSB存储的存储测试显示,存在的变色芯片正在变质。FOSB储存试验表明,腐蚀F元素的来源可能来自硅片本身。能谱图表明,在晶圆极缘区域可以清晰地识别出富F元素的Al衬垫。找到了F元素的来源。而加工后硅片的贮存对变色腐蚀的形成起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 3
Failure Analysis on TiAl Metallization Process for Ohmic Contact on 4H-SiC pMOSFET 4H-SiC pMOSFET欧姆接触TiAl金属化工艺失效分析
C. Hung, Jung-Chien Cheng, B. Tsui
SiC is suitable for high-power and high-temperature applications due to its’ wide energy bandgap and high thermal conductivity. Most literature focus on SiC nMOSFET due to higher electron mobility than hole. In this work, we fabricated 4HSiC pMOSFET using TiAl alloy as contact metal to reduce the contact resistivity. However, ultrahigh leakage current was measured among all terminals of the pMOSFET. By comparing with different contact schemes, the failure mechanism is attributed to Al spiking into the underneath poly-Si and SiO2 during the metallization process. Using suitable blocking layer such as LPCVD Si3N4 (300 nm) or PECVD Si3N4 (100 nm) on SiO2 (200 nm) can avoid Al spiking so that conventional pattern topology and TiAl metallization process can be used on device fabrication.
碳化硅因其宽能带隙和高导热性而适用于大功率和高温应用。由于碳化硅nMOSFET的电子迁移率比空穴高,所以大多数文献都关注碳化硅nMOSFET。在这项工作中,我们使用TiAl合金作为接触金属来制造4HSiC pMOSFET,以降低接触电阻率。然而,在pMOSFET的所有端子之间测量到超高的泄漏电流。通过对不同接触方式的比较,认为铝在金属化过程中突入到多晶硅和SiO2基体中是破坏的主要原因。在SiO2 (200 nm)上使用合适的阻挡层,如LPCVD Si3N4 (300 nm)或PECVD Si3N4 (100 nm),可以避免Al峰化,从而可以在器件制造中使用传统的图案拓扑和TiAl金属化工艺。
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引用次数: 1
Optical Failure Analysis on Pulsed Signals Embedded in Logic Cloud – A Case Study of Laser Voltage Tracing 逻辑云中嵌入脉冲信号的光学失效分析——以激光电压跟踪为例
Yuzhu Sun, Daisy Lu, D. Mark, C. Di, Jenny Fan, N. Leslie
LVx, including Laser Voltage Imaging(LVI) and Laser Voltage Probing(LVP), is an indispensable optical failure analysis tool set for design debug and yield ramp-up. Although LVI and LVP together provide a good coverage for failure analysis cases involving scan-chain functionality testing, their applicability remains limited when addressing pulsed signals from logic circuits with ever growing complexity. Laser Voltage Tracing(LVT), as a recent addition to the LVx suite, provides a global map, highlighting the active region with low duty-cycle voltage transition pattern. In this paper, we present a case study of the detection of timing abnormality for a waveform feature with <0.1% duty cycle by applying LVT. Complemented by LVP and Soft Defect Localization (SDL), the fault was localized down to two interconnected logic gates. Resistive interconnection was confirmed with Physical Failure Analysis(PFA).
LVx包括激光电压成像(LVI)和激光电压探测(LVP),是设计调试和良率提升不可或缺的光学故障分析工具集。尽管LVI和LVP一起为涉及扫描链功能测试的故障分析案例提供了很好的覆盖范围,但在处理日益复杂的逻辑电路的脉冲信号时,它们的适用性仍然有限。激光电压跟踪(LVT)作为LVx套件的新成员,提供了一个全球地图,突出显示具有低占空比电压转换模式的有源区域。在本文中,我们提出了一个应用LVT检测<0.1%占空比波形特征的时序异常的案例研究。在LVP和软缺陷定位(SDL)的辅助下,故障被定位到两个相互连接的逻辑门。通过物理失效分析(PFA)对电阻互连进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Root Cause Analysis on Analog Circuit Using TR-LADA 基于TR-LADA的模拟电路根本原因分析
Lua Winson, P. Angeline, G. Ranganathan, A. Girish, Ravikumar Venkat Krishnan
Analog circuits are traditionally harder to debug using light assisted device alteration (LADA) also known as dynamic laser stimulation (DLS), as the circuitry are too sensitive to carrier generations. This paper showcases a successful post-silicon debug on analog circuitries (start-up circuit) using nanosecond pulse-on-demand laser to perform DLS leading into root cause identification on a marginality issue in a sub-20nm FinFET technology device.
传统上,使用光辅助设备改变(LADA)(也称为动态激光刺激(DLS))来调试模拟电路比较困难,因为电路对载波世代太敏感。本文展示了在模拟电路(启动电路)上成功的后硅调试,使用纳秒脉冲按需激光对低于20nm FinFET技术器件的边缘问题执行DLS,从而找到根本原因。
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引用次数: 0
A new study of backend process on 0.18um BCD NLDMOS on-state BV characteristics 后端工艺对0.18um BCD NLDMOS on-state BV特性的新研究
Shuxian Chen, Feng Lin, Bin Yang, Chunxu Li, Yu Huang
With the continuous expansion of power ICs in various industrial and consumer levels, the requirements for Laterally-Double-Diffused MOS(LDMOS) characteristics are getting more and more aggressive. BVon characteristics of LDMOS is rather critical for wide Safe Operation Area (SOA), requesting in higher-end fields such as automotive electronics. In this paper, based on the modular design of the 0.18μm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) medium and high voltage process platform, the process platform should not only consider the impact of the introduction of high-voltage process on CMOS, but also the impact of the special Back- End-Oxide-Layer(BEOL) process customized for embeds Non-Volatile Memory (E-NVM) on high-voltage devices. For the problem of insufficient on-state breakdown voltage (BVon) and poor on-chip uniformity of NLDMOS, we studied the influence mechanism about BEOL process on NLDMOS BVon characteristic.
随着功率集成电路在各种工业和消费层面的不断扩展,对横向双扩散MOS(LDMOS)特性的要求越来越高。LDMOS的BVon特性对于汽车电子等高端领域的宽安全操作区域(SOA)要求至关重要。本文基于0.18μm双极CMOS- dmos (BCD)中高压工艺平台的模块化设计,该工艺平台不仅要考虑引入高压工艺对CMOS的影响,还要考虑为嵌入式非易失性存储器(E-NVM)定制的特殊后端氧化层(BEOL)工艺对高压器件的影响。针对NLDMOS导通击穿电压不足和片上均匀性差的问题,研究了BEOL工艺对NLDMOS导通击穿特性的影响机理。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced Method to Locate The Defect on Zener Diode to Avoid Cutting The Circuit in Failure Analysis 故障分析中齐纳二极管缺陷定位避免切断电路的先进方法
Xuejian Qian, Li Tian, Gaojie Wen, Hao Zhang, Xiaocui Li
Due to metal layers coverage, many signals couldn’t be measured by mechanical probe test to perform electrical isolation. And usually EMMI[1] (Emission Microscope) or OBIRCH[2] (Optical Beam Induced Resistor Change) analysis can’t directly highlight the real defect for function failure. It’s difficult to isolate Zener diode failure because the current path which through others device. We can’t test the Zener diode leakage directly unless to cut the circuit to isolate the Zener diode alone. In the paper we proposed one novel and effective method for locating Zener diode defect on device level to avoid the irreversible destructive test. The main idea was that if there is a defect on Zener diode in spite we can’t find a leakage effected by others circuit but we can find the voltage is abnormal. Then we can use the function EMMI[3] to location the defect instead of cut the circuit to isolate the Zener diode alone. After PFA (Physical Failure Analysis), the defect was found. Thus, we believe the advantage measurement method is novel, effective and save cycle time. It was beneficial to our FA for Zener diode on device level in electrical failure isolation.
由于金属层的覆盖,许多信号无法通过机械探头测试来进行电隔离。而通常的EMMI[1](发射显微镜)或OBIRCH[2](光束感应电阻变化)分析并不能直接突出功能失效的真正缺陷。由于齐纳二极管的电流路径会穿过其它器件,所以很难隔离其故障。我们不能直接测试齐纳二极管漏电,除非切断电路使齐纳二极管单独隔离。本文提出了一种新颖有效的齐纳二极管器件级缺陷定位方法,避免了不可逆破坏性检测。主要思想是,如果齐纳二极管上有缺陷,尽管我们不能发现其他电路影响的泄漏,但我们可以发现电压异常。然后我们可以使用功能EMMI[3]来定位缺陷,而不是切断电路单独隔离齐纳二极管。经过PFA(物理失效分析),发现了缺陷。因此,我们认为该测量方法具有新颖、有效和节省周期时间的优点。这有利于器件级齐纳二极管的故障隔离分析。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Primary Knocked-on Atoms on Conductivity Compensation in N-type 4H-SiC Irradiated by 1 MeV Electrons, 25 MeV C Ions and 40 MeV Si Ions 初敲原子对1 MeV电子、25 MeV C离子和40 MeV Si离子辐照n型4H-SiC电导率补偿的影响
Guoliang Ma, Yanqing Zhang, Heyi Li, Chaoming Liu, Chunhua Qi, Yidan Wei, Tianqi Wang, S. Dong, Mingxue Huo
The conductivity recombination mechanism of different ions irradiation was investigated in n-type 4H-SiC Schottky diode. The incident ions were selected as 1 MeV electrons, 25 MeV C and 40 MeV Si ions, respectively. The primaiy knocked-on atoms (PKAs) distribution in the irradiated 4H-SiC is calculated by SRIM code. After irradiation, the carrier concentration changed significantly. Compared with virous particles irradiation, it is indicated that the carrier removal rates under these three irradiation conditions are greatly different. Based on the theoretical analysis, different conductivity compensation brought by different defect status is the major reason for the significant difference in carrier removal rate.
研究了不同离子辐照下n型4H-SiC肖特基二极管的电导率复合机理。入射离子分别为1 MeV电子、25 MeV C离子和40 MeV Si离子。用SRIM程序计算了辐照后的4H-SiC中的主敲入原子(pka)分布。辐照后载流子浓度变化明显。与病毒颗粒辐照相比,三种辐照条件下的载体去除率差异较大。理论分析表明,不同缺陷状态带来的不同电导率补偿是导致载流子去除率显著差异的主要原因。
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引用次数: 1
Challenge and solution for characterizing NBTI-generated defects in nanoscale devices 纳米器件中nbti缺陷表征的挑战与解决方案
J. F. Zhang, R. Gao, Z. Ji, W. Zhang
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a well known ageing process for CMOS technologies. Many early works were focused on large devices where device-to-device variations (DDV) are negligible. As device sizes downscale to nanometers, DDV becomes substantial. NBTI is a stochastic process and causes a time-dependent DDV. Characterizing the NBTI-generated defects in nanoscale devices has two main challenges. First, current fluctuates with time and this introduces uncertainties in measurements. Second, the test time is long and costly: to characterize the NBTI-induced DDV, it is essential to repeat the same test on multiple devices. This work reviews recent progresses in addressing these issues. Based on the As-grown-Generation (AG) model, it will be shown that the measurement uncertainties are dominated by As-grown hole traps and can be removed by subtracting the average value. To reduce the test time, the voltage step stress (VSS) technique is combined with the Stress-Discharge -Recharge (SDR) method. This VSS-SDR technique reduces test time to within one hour per device. The model extracted by VSS-SDR is verified by comparing its prediction with the test data obtained under conventional constant voltage stress.
负偏置温度不稳定性(NBTI)是CMOS技术中众所周知的老化过程。许多早期的工作集中在大型设备上,其中设备到设备的变化(DDV)可以忽略不计。随着器件尺寸缩小到纳米级,DDV变得非常重要。NBTI是一个随机过程,引起随时间变化的DDV。表征纳米器件中nbti产生的缺陷有两个主要挑战。首先,电流随时间波动,这给测量带来了不确定性。其次,测试时间长且成本高:为了表征nbti诱导的DDV,必须在多个设备上重复相同的测试。这项工作回顾了在解决这些问题方面的最新进展。基于As-grown generation (AG)模型,测量不确定性主要由As-grown hole trap控制,可以通过减去平均值来消除。为了缩短测试时间,将电压阶跃应力(VSS)技术与应力-放电-充值(SDR)方法相结合。这种VSS-SDR技术将每个设备的测试时间缩短到一小时以内。将VSS-SDR提取的模型与常规恒压应力下的试验数据进行对比,验证了模型的正确性。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of localization capability of lock-in thermography for power semiconductor devices by searching high-emissivity films 搜索高发射率薄膜增强功率半导体器件锁定热成像的定位能力
N. Chinone, T. Matsumoto, K. Koshikawa
We will demonstrate the capability of lock-in thermography (LIT) for fault localization in a packaged power semiconductor device by using high-emissivity film. Different types of films were investigated to explore suitable type of film for LIT. Pasting the selected film on the heatsink of a packaged device increased the signal-to-noise ratio of LIT analysis, which enhanced the nondestructive localization ability of LIT.
我们将展示锁相热成像(LIT)在封装功率半导体器件中使用高发射率薄膜进行故障定位的能力。研究了不同类型的薄膜,以探索适合于LIT的薄膜类型。将选定的薄膜粘贴在封装器件的散热器上,提高了LIT分析的信噪比,从而增强了LIT的无损定位能力。
{"title":"Enhancement of localization capability of lock-in thermography for power semiconductor devices by searching high-emissivity films","authors":"N. Chinone, T. Matsumoto, K. Koshikawa","doi":"10.1109/IPFA47161.2019.8984828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPFA47161.2019.8984828","url":null,"abstract":"We will demonstrate the capability of lock-in thermography (LIT) for fault localization in a packaged power semiconductor device by using high-emissivity film. Different types of films were investigated to explore suitable type of film for LIT. Pasting the selected film on the heatsink of a packaged device increased the signal-to-noise ratio of LIT analysis, which enhanced the nondestructive localization ability of LIT.","PeriodicalId":169775,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124438276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)
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