Ultrasonics最新文献_第8页

Second-order nonlinear mixing processes involving a leaky guided acoustic wave 含漏导声波的二阶非线性混频过程

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107523

P.D. Pupyrev , I.A. Nedospasov , A.P. Mayer

Quasi-phasematched mixing processes of acoustic waves via second-order nonlinearity are analyzed with two perfectly guided waves generating a leaky wave. The efficiency of such processes is quantified by an acoustic nonlinearity parameter (ANP), defined as the linear growth rate of the leaky wave’s amplitude in the initial stage of its spatial evolution. Two approximate ways of estimating the ANP of such processes are suggested. The first starts from a stationary solution of the equation of motion and boundary conditions for the displacement field, obtained within perturbation theory. This approach requires the solution of a near-singular linear system of equations. The second is based on the resonant state expansion of the displacement field generated in the mixing process. It allows to express the ANP in the form of an overlap integral, requiring normalization of the displacement field associated with the leaky wave. For leaky output waves with a high degree of localization at the waveguide, both methods yield results in good agreement, as demonstrated for an example system with generalized (2D) plate modes. The first approach has also been applied to finite element calculations of the ANP for nonlinear mixing processes of (1D) edge waves in an elastic plate with rigid faces.

分析了两导波产生漏波的二阶非线性声波准相位匹配混频过程。这些过程的效率通过声学非线性参数（ANP）来量化，该参数定义为泄漏波在空间演化初始阶段振幅的线性增长率。提出了估计这类过程ANP的两种近似方法。第一种是从摄动理论中得到的运动方程和位移场边界条件的平稳解开始的。这种方法要求解一个近似奇异的线性方程组。第二种是基于混合过程中产生的位移场的共振状态展开。它允许以重叠积分的形式表示ANP，这需要对与漏波相关的位移场进行归一化。对于在波导处具有高度局域化的泄漏输出波，两种方法产生的结果非常一致，如一个具有广义（2D）板模的示例系统所示。第一种方法也被应用于具有刚性面的弹性板中（1D）边波非线性混合过程的ANP有限元计算。

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引用次数: 0

Acoustic emission detection and modal decomposition using a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal linear array 利用弛豫铁电单晶线性阵列进行声发射检测和模态分解。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107515

Benjamin Steven Vien , Jaslyn Gray , Eliza Baddiley , Zane Hills , Pooia Lalbakhsh , Shang Xian Matthew Lee , Crispin Szydzik , Scott David Moss , Cedric Rosalie , Nik Rajic , Arnan Mitchell , Wing Kong Chiu

This paper reports on an acoustic emission (AE) sensor based on relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (RFSC) transduction. The sensor crystal is arranged into a Linear Array for Modal Decomposition and Analysis (LAMDA), with the sensor interrogated by a bespoke high-bandwidth instrument. The efficacy of RFSC LAMDA sensors is showcased through a series of comparative experiments, which include the simultaneous acquisition of pencil lead break (PLB) AEs in a 1.6 mm thick aluminium plate using RFSC LAMDA, a wideband commercial sensor, and laser vibrometry. Subsequent modal decomposition and analysis of the PLB AE signals, as detected by RFSC LAMDA, identified the guided wave modes below 1.4 MHz. Furthermore, it was found that RFSC LAMDA exhibits, on average, 26.6 times greater improvement in sensitivity compared with polyvinylidene fluoride LAMDA variant with near-identical geometry.

本文报告了一种基于弛豫铁电单晶（RFSC）传导的声发射（AE）传感器。传感器晶体被排列成一个模态分解和分析线性阵列（LAMDA），传感器由定制的高带宽仪器进行检测。通过一系列对比实验展示了 RFSC LAMDA 传感器的功效，包括使用 RFSC LAMDA、宽带商用传感器和激光测振仪同时采集 1.6 毫米厚铝板上的铅笔芯断裂 (PLB) AE。随后对 RFSC LAMDA 检测到的铅笔芯断裂 AE 信号进行模态分解和分析，确定了低于 1.4 MHz 的导波模式。此外，还发现 RFSC LAMDA 的灵敏度比几何形状几乎相同的聚偏二氟乙烯 LAMDA 变体平均高出 26.6 倍。

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引用次数: 0

Subsurface damage identification and localization in PZT ceramics using point contact excitation and detection: An image processing framework 利用点接触激励和检测技术识别和定位 PZT 陶瓷的表层下损伤：图像处理框架。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107516

Rishant Pal , Nayanika Ghosh , Nur M.M. Kalimullah , Azeem Ahmad , Frank Melandsø , Anowarul Habib

Piezoelectric sensors hold immense potential in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. However, their performance can be deteriorated by defects and extreme weathering. Therefore, diagnosing the sensor before implementation is very crucial. Unreliable experimental methods and inaccurate damage detection algorithms are major concerns that need addressing to develop a robust damage detection framework. In this work, we propose a subsurface anomaly detection framework that uses the evolution of ultrasonic waves in spatial and temporal domains. This framework comprises three key components: a novel Coulomb coupling-based experimental approach to visualize ultrasonic wave interactions with microscale Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) subsurface defects, an advanced denoising algorithm using block matching 3D (BM3D) filtering to reduce noise, and a multiresolution dynamic mode decomposition (mrDMD) algorithm to identify subsurface defects in PZT. The results conclude that the proposed framework is robust, efficient, and can provide reliable detection and localization of damage even with significant measurement noise and without any reference damage-free counterpart of the PZT material.

压电传感器在结构健康监测（SHM）应用中具有巨大的潜力。然而，它们的性能会因缺陷和极端风化而降低。因此，在使用前对传感器进行诊断至关重要。不可靠的实验方法和不准确的损伤检测算法是开发稳健的损伤检测框架需要解决的主要问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个地下异常检测框架，该框架利用超声波在空间和时间域的演变。该框架由三个关键部分组成：基于库仑耦合的新型实验方法，用于可视化超声波与微尺度锆钛酸铅（PZT）次表层缺陷的相互作用；使用块匹配三维（BM3D）滤波的高级去噪算法，用于降低噪声；以及多分辨率动态模式分解（mrDMD）算法，用于识别 PZT 次表层缺陷。结果表明，所提出的框架既稳健又高效，即使在测量噪声很大、没有任何无损伤 PZT 材料参照物的情况下，也能提供可靠的损伤检测和定位。

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引用次数: 0

3D complex dispersion curves and attenuation characteristics based on Drude-Lorentz oscillators for Lamb wave in various metal-piezoelectric composites 基于德鲁德-洛伦兹振荡器的三维复合频散曲线和衰减特性，用于各种金属压电复合材料中的 Lamb 波。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107520

Feng Zhu , Peng Li , Zhenghua Qian , Iren Kuznetsova

Given that many micro-nano piezoelectric acoustic devices operate at very high frequencies, the dissipation caused by metal electrodes significantly affects their performance (e.g., quality factor), but these dissipation characteristics cannot be explained by conductivity at high frequencies. This study uses the Drude-Lorentz oscillator model, incorporating the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of metals, which in physics refer to electron oscillations at high frequencies, to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) complex dispersion curves and attenuation characteristics of Lamb waves in metal-piezoelectric composites. Five commonly used electrode metals (Pt, Al, Ag, Au, Cu) are analyzed to reveal the widespread attenuation characteristics. The Multidimensional Moduli Ratio Convergence Method (MMRCM) is employed, which utilizes the convergence and divergence of the moduli ratio to accurately locate zeros of complex dispersion equations. Meanwhile, multidimensional scanning is adopted to ensure comprehensive identification of minima moduli points. Two primary attenuation characteristics are identified: (1) attenuation trends related to the real part of the wavenumber for different branches, and (2) significant jumps in attenuation due to mode shape conversions in metals with veering regions. Furthermore, a size-dependent attenuation characteristic is observed, showing a quadratic increase in attenuation as the composite structure’s total thickness decreases. These findings provide crucial insights for optimizing the design and performance of micro-nano devices where precise control over wave attenuation and dispersion is essential.

鉴于许多微纳压电声学器件在非常高的频率下工作，金属电极引起的耗散会严重影响其性能（如品质因数），但这些耗散特性无法用高频率下的导电性来解释。本研究采用德鲁德-洛伦兹振荡器模型，结合金属随频率变化的介电特性（物理学中指高频电子振荡），研究金属压电复合材料中的三维（3D）复合频散曲线和兰姆波衰减特性。分析了五种常用的电极金属（铂、铝、银、金、铜），以揭示其广泛的衰减特性。采用多维模量比收敛法（MMRCM），利用模量比的收敛性和发散性精确定位复分散方程的零点。同时，采用多维扫描确保全面识别最小模量点。确定了两个主要衰减特征：(1) 不同分支的衰减趋势与文波数的实部有关，以及 (2) 具有偏转区域的金属中由于模形转换而产生的衰减显著跃变。此外，还观察到与尺寸相关的衰减特性，随着复合结构总厚度的减小，衰减呈二次方增长。这些发现为优化微纳器件的设计和性能提供了重要启示，在微纳器件中，精确控制波的衰减和色散至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Lamb wave imaging via dual-frequency fusion for grating lobe effect compensation 通过双频融合进行光栅叶效应补偿的 Lamb 波成像。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107512

Xuelian Gao , Tingxuan Yang , Dan Li, Yanyan Fang, Jianqiu Zhang, Dean Ta

In Lamb wave imaging based on a phased array, higher frequencies narrowband excitation pulses enable more precise damage detection and localization. However, due to the size constraints of individual transducer elements, the spacing between array elements may exceed half the wavelength of the excitation signal. This can lead to a grating lobe effect. To overcome this limitation, a Lamb wave imaging method via dual-frequency fusion for grating lobe effect compensation is proposed in this study. Analyses indicate that the grating lobe effect may introduce artifacts or distortions in the imaging results. This method utilizes two frequencies of narrowband excitation pulses for imaging and subsequently fuses the results. By doing so, the imaging artifacts caused by the grating lobes produced by high-frequency narrowband excitation pulses are effectively compensated. The proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments on an aluminum plate, showing superior accuracy, contrast, and imaging quality.

在基于相控阵的兰姆波成像中，高频窄带激励脉冲可实现更精确的损伤检测和定位。然而，由于单个传感器元件的尺寸限制，阵列元件之间的间距可能会超过激励信号波长的一半。这会导致光栅叶效应。为了克服这一限制，本研究提出了一种通过双频融合补偿光栅叶效应的兰姆波成像方法。分析表明，光栅叶效应可能会给成像结果带来伪影或失真。这种方法利用两种频率的窄带激励脉冲进行成像，然后将结果融合。通过这种方法，高频窄带激励脉冲产生的光栅叶引起的成像伪影得到了有效补偿。通过在铝板上进行模拟和实验，对所提出的方法进行了验证，结果表明该方法在精度、对比度和成像质量方面都非常出色。

引用次数: 0

Focused ultrasonic transducer for aircraft icing detection 用于飞机结冰探测的聚焦超声波传感器。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107509

Yan Wang , Yuan Wang , Siyu Chen , Chengxiang Zhu , Dawei Wu , Chunling Zhu , Xiyun Lu

Ultrasonic detection technique (UDT) serves as a pivotal method for monitoring aircraft icing conditions. However, the inherently porous and irregular shape of atmospheric ice leads to a pronounced attenuation of ultrasonic wave energy during propagation. Current ultrasonic transducers (UTs) fall short of meeting the requisite sensitivity and depth parameters for effective detection. This study proposes an innovative focused ultrasonic transducer (FUT) designed to extend the range of ice detection capabilities. Constructed using a 1–3 piezoelectric composite configuration, this FUT is characterized by its flexibility and slender profile. The focusing effect was accomplished through a deliberate bending mechanism. The FUT demonstrates its efficacy in detecting ice on aluminium skin surfaces. Furthermore, we validated the focusing effect and conducted a thorough optimization process. A comparative analysis between the FUT and traditional planar UTs revealed that the FUT enhances detection energy by approximately 30%, while also nearly doubling the detection range for glaze ice. These findings underscore the FUT’s promising potential for applications in the detection of substantial ice.

超声波探测技术（UDT）是监测飞机结冰状况的重要方法。然而，大气中的冰本身多孔且形状不规则，导致超声波能量在传播过程中明显衰减。目前的超声波传感器（UT）无法满足有效探测所需的灵敏度和深度参数。本研究提出了一种创新的聚焦超声波换能器 (FUT)，旨在扩大冰探测能力的范围。这种 FUT 采用 1-3 级压电复合结构，具有柔韧性和细长外形的特点。聚焦效果是通过特意的弯曲机制实现的。FUT 证明了其在检测铝皮表面的冰层方面的功效。此外，我们还验证了聚焦效果，并进行了全面优化。FUT 与传统平面 UT 的对比分析表明，FUT 可将检测能量提高约 30%，同时还将釉冰的检测范围扩大了近一倍。这些发现凸显了 FUT 在大量冰检测方面的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture focusing technique to detect submillimeter internal defects using echo array similarity 利用回波阵列相似性提高激光超声合成孔径聚焦技术的信噪比，以探测亚毫米级内部缺陷。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107513

Huabin He, Jianguo He, Zhihui Xia, Kaihua Sun, Chao Wang, Qian Liu

Laser ultrasonic imaging is a promising technique for structural health monitoring because it is noncontact and nondestructive. However, this technique will only find more industrial applications if it has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and short data acquisition time. In existing delay-and-sum algorithms, such as the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) and the total focusing method, a higher SNR requires more A-scan signals, which mean a longer data acquisition time. It is difficult for these algorithms to consider these two aspects simultaneously. Thus, in this study, we propose a post-processing algorithm that extracts neglected information from laser ultrasonic B-scan data to improve the SNR of the SAFT without increasing the data acquisition time. The SNR was increased by multiplying the SAFT image intensity with the echo array similarity defined using the directivity and echo shape information of laser ultrasound. In experiments, SNR was increased from 4.1 dB to 31.3 dB for two submillimeter defects having a diameter of 0.5 mm and depth of 15 mm. Deeper defects can be detected because of the improved SNR. In this study, two submillimeter defects with a depth of 30 mm were detected. Compared with existing delay-and-sum algorithms, the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of both SNR and data acquisition time, which can promote its use in more industrial applications.

激光超声波成像技术具有非接触和无损的特点，是一种很有前途的结构健康监测技术。然而，只有在信噪比（SNR）高和数据采集时间短的情况下，这种技术才能得到更多的工业应用。在现有的延迟和算法中，如合成孔径聚焦技术（SAFT）和全聚焦法，较高的信噪比需要更多的 A 扫描信号，这意味着较长的数据采集时间。这些算法很难同时考虑这两个方面。因此，在本研究中，我们提出了一种后处理算法，从激光超声 B 扫描数据中提取被忽略的信息，在不增加数据采集时间的情况下提高 SAFT 的信噪比。利用激光超声的指向性和回波形状信息定义的回波阵列相似度乘以 SAFT 图像强度，从而提高信噪比。在实验中，对于两个直径为 0.5 毫米、深度为 15 毫米的亚毫米缺陷，信噪比从 4.1 分贝提高到 31.3 分贝。由于信噪比的提高，可以检测到更深的缺陷。在这项研究中，检测到了两个深度为 30 毫米的亚毫米缺陷。与现有的延迟求和算法相比，所提出的算法在信噪比和数据采集时间方面都有很好的表现，可以促进其在更多工业应用中的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the second-harmonic focused ultrasonic device based on micro-bubble contrast agents 基于微气泡造影剂的二次谐波聚焦超声装置研究。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107514

Qinglei Zeng , Yuetongxu Li , Zhaoyu Deng , Gutian Zhang , Chengwei Zhang , Haifeng Huang , Xiaozhou Liu

Non-invasive, accurate diagnosis and treatment have increasingly gained attention in medical research. The nonlinear response mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and their medical application have become major topics in ultrasound imaging studies. This paper reports on a second-harmonic focused ultrasonic device based on micro-bubble contrast agents, which is designed to solve the problems associated with a weak second-harmonic intensity. A periodic array of circular holes is embedded in the center of a specifically shaped resin plate, and contrast agents are encapsulated in the circular holes using thin resin tape. The functional mechanism is theoretically explained and experimentally verified. This device enables second-harmonic ultrasound imaging with a higher ultrasonic lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than the conventional system without the device.

无创、准确的诊断和治疗越来越受到医学研究的关注。超声造影剂的非线性响应机制及其医学应用已成为超声成像研究的主要课题。本文报告了一种基于微气泡造影剂的二次谐波聚焦超声装置，旨在解决二次谐波强度较弱的相关问题。在特定形状的树脂板中心嵌入了周期性的圆孔阵列，并使用薄树脂带将造影剂封装在圆孔中。该装置的功能机制得到了理论解释和实验验证。与不使用该装置的传统系统相比，该装置能以更高的超声横向分辨率和信噪比进行二次谐波超声成像。

引用次数: 0

Optimal transport assisted full waveform inversion for multiparameter imaging of soft tissues in ultrasound computed tomography 超声计算机断层扫描中软组织多参数成像的最佳传输辅助全波形反演

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107505

Xiaoqing Wu , Yubing Li , Chang Su , Panpan Li , Weijun Lin

Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) has emerged as a promising platform for imaging tissue properties, offering non-ionizing and operator-independent capabilities. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining quantitative images of multiple acoustic parameters (sound speed and impedance) for soft tissues using full waveform inversion (FWI), which are justified with both numerical and experimental cases. A 3D reconstruction based on a series of 2D slice images is presented for the experimental case of ex vivo soft tissues. To improve the robustness of the reconstruction process, a hierarchical FWI strategy is adopted, gradually iterating from low to high frequencies. In parallel, we employ a graph-space optimal transport misfit function, avoiding convergence into local minima and minimizing inversion artifacts caused by skin-related supercritical reflections. Our method first carries out sound speed inversion based on transmitted waves in the low and middle frequency bands, and then uses all types of waves in the high frequency band for simultaneous inversion of both sound speed and impedance. Compared to conventional strategies, the proposed approach can accurately reconstruct physical models consistent with the actual soft tissue sample. These high-resolution ultrasound images of acoustic parameters are promising to allow for quantitative differentiation among different types of tissues (e.g., muscles and fats). These results have significant implications for advancing our understanding of tissue properties and for potentially contributing to disease diagnosis through USCT, which is a flexible and cost-effective alternative to X-ray computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at no significant sacrifices for resolution.

超声计算机断层扫描（USCT）已经成为一种很有前途的组织特性成像平台，提供非电离和独立于操作员的能力。在这项工作中，我们证明了使用全波形反演（FWI）获得软组织多个声学参数（声速和阻抗）定量图像的可行性，并通过数值和实验案例证明了这一点。针对离体软组织实验案例，提出了一种基于一系列二维切片图像的三维重建方法。为了提高重建过程的鲁棒性，采用分层FWI策略，从低频到高频逐步迭代。同时，我们采用了图空间最优输运错拟合函数，避免了收敛到局部极小值，并最小化了由与皮肤相关的超临界反射引起的反演伪影。我们的方法首先基于中低频段的透射波进行声速反演，然后利用高频段的所有类型的波同时反演声速和阻抗。与传统方法相比，该方法可以准确地重建与实际软组织样品一致的物理模型。这些声学参数的高分辨率超声图像有望允许在不同类型的组织（例如肌肉和脂肪）之间进行定量区分。这些结果对于提高我们对组织特性的理解具有重要意义，并可能有助于通过USCT进行疾病诊断，USCT是x射线计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像的一种灵活且经济的替代方案，且不会显著牺牲分辨率。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrafast 3D synthetic aperture imaging with Hadamard-encoded aperiodic interval codes and aperiodic sparse arrays with separate transmitters and receivers 利用哈达玛编码的非周期性间隔码和具有独立发射器和接收器的非周期性稀疏阵列进行超快三维合成孔径成像。

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107497

Tarek Kaddoura, Mohammad Hadi Masoumi, Roger Zemp

3D synthetic aperture (SA) imaging of volumes can be obtained using sparse 2D ultrasound arrays. However, even with just 256 elements, the volumetric imaging rate can be relatively slow due to having to transmit on each element in succession. Hadamard Aperiodic Interval (HAPI) codes can be used to image the full SA dataset in one extended transmit to speed up the synthetic aperture imaging, but their long nature produces large deadzones if the same elements are used as both transmitters and receivers. In this simulation study, we use a 2D Costas sparse array with separate transmitters and receivers to remedy the deadzone problem, and use it with the HAPI-coded imaging scheme to obtain fully transmit–receive focused, wide field-of-view 3D volumes with high-resolution and high SNR at ultrafast volumetric imaging rates of more than 500 volumes per second, almost nine times faster than non-coded SA imaging with the same imaging parameters. We show similar PSF performance compared to non-coded SA, and a 26 dB improvement in SNR with order-256 HAPI codes. We also present cyst simulations showing similar contrast for the HAPI-coded SA method compared to non-coded SA in the context of no noise, and improved contrast in the context of noise.

使用稀疏的二维超声阵列可以获得体积的三维合成孔径（SA）成像。然而，即使只有 256 个元素，由于必须在每个元素上连续传输，容积成像速度也会相对较慢。Hadamard Aperiodic Interval (HAPI) 编码可用于在一次扩展发射中对整个 SA 数据集成像，以加快合成孔径成像速度，但如果将相同的元素用作发射器和接收器，其长特性会产生较大的死区。在这项模拟研究中，我们使用了具有独立发射器和接收器的二维科斯塔斯稀疏阵列来解决死区问题，并将其与 HAPI 编码成像方案结合使用，以每秒超过 500 幅的超快体积成像速度获得了具有高分辨率和高信噪比的全发射-接收聚焦宽视场三维体积，其速度几乎是相同成像参数下非编码 SA 成像速度的九倍。与非编码 SA 相比，我们展示了相似的 PSF 性能，而使用阶次 256 HAPI 编码，信噪比提高了 26 分贝。我们还进行了模拟实验，结果显示在无噪声的情况下，HAPI 编码 SA 方法与非编码 SA 方法的对比度相似，而在有噪声的情况下，对比度有所提高。

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引用次数: 0