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A model of CIM CIM模型
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484358
M. Aardal
What is CIM? What is the role of CIM in manufacturing? What is the value of CIM and how can it be measured? How much CIM do we need? How can the impact of CIM be communicated to manufacturing management? SEMATECH and its member companies have been wrestling with these questions for several years. Several programs have addressed these questions and, as a result, we are in a much better position to provide the answers. Leveraging the results of SEMATECH programs and other related works, this paper introduces a new "model based" approach to the challenge of comprehensively explaining CIM and its impact on manufacturing. This CIM model is being developed at SEMATECH and is entitled the CIM Evolution Model (CEM).
什么是CIM?CIM在制造业中的作用是什么?CIM的价值是什么?如何测量它?我们需要多少CIM ?如何将CIM的影响传达给制造管理层?SEMATECH及其成员公司多年来一直在努力解决这些问题。有几个节目已经解决了这些问题,因此,我们处于一个更好的位置来提供答案。利用SEMATECH项目和其他相关工作的成果,本文介绍了一种新的“基于模型”的方法来全面解释CIM及其对制造业的影响。该CIM模型正在SEMATECH开发,并被称为CIM演进模型(CEM)。
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引用次数: 4
Development of an intelligent scheduler for semiconductor manufacturing facilities 半导体制造设备智能调度系统的开发
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484359
E. Schorn-DiSalvi, R. Liquigan, B. Peters, J.S. Smith
Considerable academic research has investigated the topic of scheduling in manufacturing systems. This research investigates the available academic literature and commercial scheduling systems with respect to their applicability in semiconductor manufacturing systems. It recommends a design of an "intelligent scheduler" that attempts to use global information about the fab status and combines the applicable analytical methods from the academic literature with a simulation based evaluation tool into a decision support environment.
学术界对制造系统中的调度问题进行了大量的研究。本研究调查了现有的学术文献和商业调度系统在半导体制造系统中的适用性。它建议设计一种“智能调度程序”,试图使用有关晶圆厂状态的全局信息,并将学术文献中的适用分析方法与基于仿真的评估工具结合到决策支持环境中。
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引用次数: 1
Process control methodology for PSG and PETEOS films in a highly interactive multiprocess CVD system PSG和PETEOS薄膜在高交互多工艺CVD系统中的过程控制方法
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484374
H. Benson-Woodward, E. Hanson, S. Moreau
A step-by-step control methodology for targeting and controlling plasma enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate (PETEOS) and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) deposition processes in a single wafer PECVD chamber has been developed. Initially, PSG and PETEOS processes were characterized using two full factorial design of experiments processed through a single CVD reaction chamber utilizing RF power, TEOS ampule temperature, electrode spacing and TMP flow as the control factors, and deprate, film uniformity, film stress, and wt%phos content of the PSG film as responses. Based upon results obtained from the RS/1 analysis of both DOEs, additional experiments were processed to investigate the interactions of significant effects for both films. Using this information, a process control hierarchy was developed for the PETEOS process in the order of adjustment electrode spacing, TEOS ampule temperature and RF power to center PETEOS uniformity, deprate and stress. A similar hierarchy was developed for PSG. Generous limits were established to control the PSG process until long-term interactions between the two processes could be defined. Once these effects were characterized, a combined process methodology for both processes was developed, and PSG control limits for deprate were reduced by +/-50%. The final step was the organization of the combined methodology into a step-by-step procedure for targeting both PETEOS and PSG processes simultaneously. Benefits of this method of process control include increased compliance to SPC limits for both processes and a reduction in the amount of time required for problem troubleshooting.
一种针对和控制等离子体增强四乙基硅酸盐(PETEOS)和磷酸硅酸玻璃(PSG)沉积过程的分步控制方法已经被开发出来。首先,采用两个全因子设计,在单个CVD反应室中处理PSG和PETEOS过程,以RF功率、TEOS样品温度、电极间距和TMP流量为控制因素,并以退化、膜均匀性、膜应力和PSG膜的wt%phos含量为响应因素。基于RS/1对两种do的分析结果,我们进行了额外的实验来研究两种膜的显著效应的相互作用。利用这些信息,建立了PETEOS过程的过程控制层次,按照调整电极间距、TEOS样品温度和RF功率的顺序来调节PETEOS均匀性、退化和应力。PSG也有类似的层次结构。建立了慷慨的限制来控制PSG过程,直到两个过程之间的长期相互作用可以定义。一旦确定了这些影响,就开发了两种工艺的联合工艺方法,并将乙酸的PSG控制限值降低了+/-50%。最后一步是将组合方法组织成一个分步程序,以同时针对PETEOS和PSG过程。这种过程控制方法的好处包括增加了对两个过程的SPC限制的遵从性,并减少了问题排除所需的时间。
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引用次数: 1
Capital productivity-challenge and opportunity 资本生产率——挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484332
W. Rowe
Summary form only given. Controlling the rapidly increasing costs of semiconductor wafer fabricators presents a serious challenge to the semiconductor industry. SEMATECH, in cooperation with its members and SEMI/SEMATECH suppliers has developed a methodology to maintain the historic price per function decline rate for semiconductor products. A series of 0.25 micron generation fab cost models were developed at SEMATECH. The models incorporated advanced logic and DRAM processes, operational and financial inputs and equipment cost and performance goals. Wafer processing costs from the model were compared to affordable costs developed by the SEMATECH Competitive Analysis Group. The result of this process has been a set of mutually agreed upon cost and performance targets for the 0.25 micron generation of equipment. Equipment meeting those targets will be more cost effective than that currently available. High operating efficiency as measured by overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is essential to achieving improved capital productivity goals.
只提供摘要形式。控制半导体晶圆制造商快速增长的成本是半导体行业面临的严峻挑战。SEMATECH与其成员和SEMI/SEMATECH供应商合作,开发了一种方法,以保持半导体产品的每个功能的历史价格下降率。SEMATECH开发了一系列0.25微米晶圆代工厂成本模型。这些模型结合了先进的逻辑和DRAM流程、运营和财务投入以及设备成本和性能目标。该模型的晶圆加工成本与SEMATECH竞争分析小组开发的可负担成本进行了比较。这一过程的结果是为0.25微米一代设备制定了一套双方商定的成本和性能目标。满足这些目标的设备将比目前可用的设备更具成本效益。以整体设备效率(OEE)衡量的高运行效率对于实现提高资本生产率的目标至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Avoiding the pitfalls in the use of surface analysis in the IC industry 避免在IC工业中使用表面分析的陷阱
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484343
Scott Edward Beck, A. G. Gilicinski
A variety of surface analytical tools are currently available. With each of these tools come hidden pitfalls that one map encounter in the process of doing surface analysis. Examples of the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the development of a novel vapor phase cleaning methodology are used to illustrate many of these pitfalls. Suggestions are made to assist users of these techniques in avoiding these pitfalls.
目前有多种表面分析工具可用。这些工具中的每一个都有隐藏的陷阱,这是一个地图在进行表面分析的过程中遇到的。使用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)、全反射x射线荧光(TXRF)和原子力显微镜(AFM)开发一种新型气相清洁方法的例子被用来说明许多这些陷阱。本文提出了一些建议,以帮助这些技术的用户避免这些陷阱。
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引用次数: 1
A semiconductor device manufacturer's efforts for controlling and evaluating atmospheric pollution 半导体设备制造商为控制和评估大气污染所做的努力
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484369
K. Kanzawa, J. Kitano
Pollutants which are said to affect LSI yields include not only particles, but also gaseous chemicals. As semiconductor devices are recently miniaturized and highly integrated, great importance is placed on the control and elimination of chemicals, such as a trace of ions and organic substances, that arise from clean rooms, manufacturing equipment components, agents, gases, people, and whatever exists in manufacturing environments. As an example, let us consider the NH/sub 3/ component in clean rooms. Since this component raises problems with the use of chemically amplified resists (hereinafter referred to as CA resists) and could cause the generation of post-process particles in some film forming equipment, the NH/sub 3/ concentration in the process environment must be reduced. The use of chemical filters is of help as a means for removing such gaseous chemicals. However, since the clean room environment is in a wide range of variety, it is necessary to understand various characteristics of chemical filters as used in various conditions (including the pollutant concentration, humidity, and other factors in the clean room). It is expected that local measures, including a means for satisfying cost reduction requirements, will be necessary for cleaning process environments. This means that greater importance will be placed on atmospheric pollution control technology that is aimed to assure stable operation of manufacturing equipment. This paper discusses our efforts for evaluating NH/sub 3/ eliminating filters and controlling ion pollution using these filters.
据说影响大规模集成电路产量的污染物不仅包括颗粒,还包括气态化学物质。随着半导体器件的小型化和高度集成化,对化学物质的控制和消除变得非常重要,例如来自洁净室、制造设备组件、试剂、气体、人员和制造环境中存在的任何物质的微量离子和有机物质。例如,让我们考虑洁净室中的NH/sub /分量。由于该组分会对化学放大抗蚀剂(以下简称CA抗蚀剂)的使用产生问题,并可能在某些成膜设备中产生加工后的颗粒,因此必须降低工艺环境中的NH/sub - 3/浓度。使用化学过滤器作为一种清除这种气态化学物质的手段是有帮助的。但是,由于洁净室环境是多种多样的,因此有必要了解在各种条件下使用的化学过滤器的各种特性(包括洁净室中的污染物浓度、湿度和其他因素)。预计当地措施,包括满足降低成本要求的手段,将是清洁工艺环境所必需的。这意味着将更加重视大气污染控制技术,以确保制造设备的稳定运行。本文讨论了我们在评价nh3 /sub - 3/去除过滤器和利用这些过滤器控制离子污染方面所做的努力。
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引用次数: 11
Customer linking: A Motorola/Du Pont Photomasks supply chain assessment 客户链接:摩托罗拉/杜邦光掩膜供应链评估
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484391
D. Abercrombie, R. Jacob, R. Meredorf, J. Warner, S. Murthy
Customer Linking, also known as Supply Chain Assessment, provides the opportunity to evaluate the entire supply chain, from the customer's needs through delivery and follow up of the final product. This type of assessment identifies imperfections that add unnecessary cost and cycle time to the entire supply chain. By eliminating redundant steps or redesigning steps to improve efficiencies, cost and cycle time can be reduced. Most supply chain assessment activities are internal. That is, they infrequently extend past the boundaries of a manufacturing or service organization. In order to fully understand what opportunities exist, it is key to look "outside the box" at each customer/supplier interface throughout the entire chain. For example, Du Pont Photomasks and Motorola are both suppliers and customers to each other, as far as flow of information and products are concerned. Motorola design groups supply circuit data to Du Pont Photomasks and Du Pont Photomasks supplies photomasks containing the circuit data images to Motorola fabs. As part of Du Pont Photomasks' re-engineering activities, a Customer Linking exercise was conducted with Motorola in December of 1993. This exercise attempted to examine the flow of information and products from Motorola's High Performance Embedded Systems Division in Oak Hill, TX, through Du Pont Photomasks' mask facilities and into Motorola's MOS-8 wafer fab in Austin, TX. This paper will share the procedures, results and findings of this assessment to illustrate the extreme need for improved customer/supplier relationships in critical path situations within the semiconductor industry.
客户链接,也称为供应链评估,提供了评估整个供应链的机会,从客户的需求到最终产品的交付和跟踪。这种类型的评估可以识别给整个供应链增加不必要成本和周期时间的缺陷。通过消除冗余步骤或重新设计步骤来提高效率,可以减少成本和周期时间。大多数供应链评估活动都是内部的。也就是说,它们很少扩展到制造或服务组织的边界之外。为了充分了解存在的机会,关键是要在整个供应链的每个客户/供应商界面上“跳出框框”。例如,就信息流和产品流而言,杜邦Photomasks和摩托罗拉既是对方的供应商又是对方的客户。摩托罗拉设计组向杜邦Photomasks提供电路数据,杜邦Photomasks向摩托罗拉的工厂提供包含电路数据图像的Photomasks。作为杜邦光电掩膜公司重新设计活动的一部分,于1993年12月与摩托罗拉公司进行了一次客户联系活动。本练习试图检查信息和产品从摩托罗拉高性能嵌入式系统部门在德克萨斯州奥克希尔,通过杜邦光电掩模工厂进入摩托罗拉在德克萨斯州奥斯汀的MOS-8晶圆厂的流动。本文将分享该评估的程序,结果和发现,以说明在半导体行业的关键路径情况下改善客户/供应商关系的迫切需要。
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引用次数: 1
IBM alternate work schedules (AWS) IBM备用工作时间表(AWS)
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484405
K. Floyd
In early 1990, the IBM Microelectronics Division Semiconductor Manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont was operating eight-hour shifts around-the-clock. To reduce cost and fulfill an ever increasing demand for its products, it became imperative that this traditional three-shift operation be refocused to more efficiently maximize the use of the facility's physical assets and the effectiveness of its people. After studying the work schedules of numerous companies in the United States and Europe, it was determined that a 12-hour shift schedule would result in a significant reduction in overtime and increased productivity, both key goals of site management. To implement such a dramatic change of schedules, however, would require an in-depth understanding of its effect on employees and their families. To achieve such an understanding, manufacturing employees were asked to participate in round table discussions, opinion surveys and discussions with middle and first-level managers. Some of the areas examined were travel time to work, arrangements for child care, spousal work schedules, sleeping habits and the overall status of an individual's health. A pilot program was launched before actually changing schedules. Compensation adjustments were reviewed during this program to determine the most flexible and attractive approach for employees, one that: also contributed to overall savings for the corporation. This approach to compensation has been changed only once since its inception. During the first half of 1990, IBM's semiconductor fabricators began their migration to the 12-hour, alternate work schedules (AWS). Productivity improvements and overall benefits of an alternate work schedule relative to the IBM manufacturing community will also be reviewed.
1990年初,位于佛蒙特州埃塞克斯交界处的IBM微电子部门半导体制造工厂24小时轮班工作。为了降低成本并满足对其产品不断增长的需求,必须重新调整这种传统的三班倒作业,以更有效地最大化利用设施的实物资产和人员的效率。在研究了美国和欧洲许多公司的工作时间表后,确定了12小时轮班时间表将导致加班时间的显著减少和生产力的提高,这两个都是现场管理的关键目标。然而,要实施如此巨大的时间表变化,就需要深入了解它对员工及其家庭的影响。为了达到这样的理解,制造业员工被要求参加圆桌讨论、意见调查以及与中层和一级管理人员的讨论。调查的一些领域包括上班的旅行时间、照顾孩子的安排、配偶的工作时间表、睡眠习惯和个人的整体健康状况。在实际改变时间表之前,已经启动了一个试点项目。在这个项目中,我们对薪酬调整进行了审查,以确定对员工来说最灵活、最具吸引力的方法,这也有助于公司的整体节省。这种补偿方法自开始以来只改变过一次。在1990年上半年,IBM的半导体制造商开始向12小时交替工作时间表(AWS)迁移。还将审查相对于IBM制造社区的替代工作时间表的生产力改进和总体好处。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring VLSIC fabrication processes: a Bayesian approach 监控VLSIC制造过程:贝叶斯方法
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484375
Suraj Rao, Andrzej J. Strojwas, John Lehoczky, Schervish
We have developed a process monitoring system, in a Bayesian framework, which is designed to be used for monitoring VLSIC and other multi-stage manufacturing processes. For a single step process, the Bayesian monitor is at least as good as the Shewhart-CUSUM combination charts for detecting changes in the distribution of the in-lines collected from the step. For a multi-stage process, however, the Bayesian monitor can significantly reduce the detection time by using in-line correlation information from earlier stages.
我们在贝叶斯框架中开发了一个过程监控系统,该系统旨在用于监控VLSIC和其他多阶段制造过程。对于单步流程,在检测从该步骤收集的内联分布的变化方面,贝叶斯监视器至少与shehart - cusum组合图一样好。然而,对于一个多阶段的过程,贝叶斯监测器可以通过使用来自早期阶段的在线相关信息来显着减少检测时间。
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引用次数: 1
Closed-loop measurement of equipment efficiency and equipment capacity 设备效率和设备容量的闭环测量
Pub Date : 1995-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/ASMC.1995.484352
R. Leachman
Formal definitions for the components of efficiency and capacity, mathematical formulas for computing overall efficiency, and data collection strategies are proposed for rigorous measurement of equipment efficiency and equipment capacity. Measurement of overall equipment efficiency (OEE) under the TPM paradigm is extended to support the maintenance of capacity parameters for production planning. The weaknesses of equipment analyses based on utilization and aggregate UPH (units per hour) figures are contrasted against the robustness of the proposed approach. Implementation in semiconductor factories is described.
提出了效率和容量组成部分的正式定义、计算总效率的数学公式和数据收集策略,以便严格测量设备效率和设备容量。在TPM模式下的整体设备效率(OEE)的测量被扩展到支持生产计划的能力参数的维护。基于利用率和累计UPH(每小时单位)数据的设备分析的弱点与所提议方法的稳健性形成了对比。描述了在半导体工厂中的实现。
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引用次数: 56
期刊
Proceedings of SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop
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