Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123369
Fang Ren , Lin Ma , Chunjie Li , Tong Wu , Jiale Zhang , Lu Pei , Yanling Jin , Zhenfeng Sun , Zhengzheng Guo , Ping Song , Penggang Ren
Metal−organic framework (MOF)-derived magnetic porous carbon not only have excellent magnetic loss, but also can construct various nanostructures through appropriate design to enhance electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorption. Herein, magnetic porous carbon (Co/Ni@C) derived from rod-shaped Co/Ni-MOFs was selected as magnetic components and MXene was regarded as conductive materials to construct the three-dimensional porous Co/Ni@C/MXene/cellulose-derived carbon foams via a simple solution mixing-regeneration, freeze-drying process and a facile pyrolysis strategy. Due to the electric/magnetic coupling loss and the interfacial polarization loss caused by multi-interface architecture, the synthesized carbon foam achieves an absorption coefficient of 0.54 and a high EMI SE of 70.4 dB, which enhances the electromagnetic shielding performance without damaging the high absorption coefficient. This work provides a basis for the preparation of electromagnetic shielding composite materials with multi-interface structures to achieve efficient EMI SE and superior absorption coefficients.
{"title":"Bimetallic MOF-derived Co/Ni@C and MXene co-decorated cellulose-derived carbon foams for absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Fang Ren , Lin Ma , Chunjie Li , Tong Wu , Jiale Zhang , Lu Pei , Yanling Jin , Zhenfeng Sun , Zhengzheng Guo , Ping Song , Penggang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal−organic framework (MOF)-derived magnetic porous carbon not only have excellent magnetic loss, but also can construct various nanostructures through appropriate design to enhance electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorption. Herein, magnetic porous carbon (Co/Ni@C) derived from rod-shaped Co/Ni-MOFs was selected as magnetic components and MXene was regarded as conductive materials to construct the three-dimensional porous Co/Ni@C/MXene/cellulose-derived carbon foams via a simple solution mixing-regeneration, freeze-drying process and a facile pyrolysis strategy. Due to the electric/magnetic coupling loss and the interfacial polarization loss caused by multi-interface architecture, the synthesized carbon foam achieves an absorption coefficient of 0.54 and a high EMI SE of 70.4 dB, which enhances the electromagnetic shielding performance without damaging the high absorption coefficient. This work provides a basis for the preparation of electromagnetic shielding composite materials with multi-interface structures to achieve efficient EMI SE and superior absorption coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123369"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123367
Weihao Zhang , Hanyan Luo , Wingshan Keung , Yuiman Chan , Kamchun Chan , Xiang Xiao , Fangfei Li , Aiping Lyu , Caixia Dong , Jun Xu
Pectins have demonstrated significant prebiotic potential in modulating gut microbiota and enhancing microbial metabolic functions. Nevertheless, the exact relationship between pectin structure and related properties on gut microbiota regulation is yet to be fully elucidated. To explore this, the interactions between four purified pectins with specific structural characteristics and gut microbiota were examined and compared through in vitro fecal fermentation, followed by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomics, and bioinformatic analysis. The result shows that the pectins selectively modulated the composition of gut microbiota while being degraded into different levels of SCFAs. Moreover, the metabolite profiles in the pectin groups were also qualitatively and quantitatively different, suggesting that the structural variations in pectins further impacted the metabolic functionality of gut microbiota. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that various structural parameters of pectins, including the α-(1 → 4)-linked galacturonic acid composed linear chain in smooth region, arabinose residue determined hair region contribution, conjugated protein content, and molecular weight, are crucial factors in controlling their interaction with gut microbiota, the bacterial cross-feeding, and finally the microbial metabolic outcomes. This research advances our current understanding of the connection between pectin structure and its regulatory properties on gut microbiota at the level of purified pectin molecules.
{"title":"Impact of pectin structural diversity on gut microbiota: A mechanistic exploration through in vitro fermentation","authors":"Weihao Zhang , Hanyan Luo , Wingshan Keung , Yuiman Chan , Kamchun Chan , Xiang Xiao , Fangfei Li , Aiping Lyu , Caixia Dong , Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pectins have demonstrated significant prebiotic potential in modulating gut microbiota and enhancing microbial metabolic functions. Nevertheless, the exact relationship between pectin structure and related properties on gut microbiota regulation is yet to be fully elucidated. To explore this, the interactions between four purified pectins with specific structural characteristics and gut microbiota were examined and compared through <em>in vitro</em> fecal fermentation, followed by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomics, and bioinformatic analysis. The result shows that the pectins selectively modulated the composition of gut microbiota while being degraded into different levels of SCFAs. Moreover, the metabolite profiles in the pectin groups were also qualitatively and quantitatively different, suggesting that the structural variations in pectins further impacted the metabolic functionality of gut microbiota. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that various structural parameters of pectins, including the <em>α</em>-(1 → 4)-linked galacturonic acid composed linear chain in smooth region, arabinose residue determined hair region contribution, conjugated protein content, and molecular weight, are crucial factors in controlling their interaction with gut microbiota, the bacterial cross-feeding, and finally the microbial metabolic outcomes. This research advances our current understanding of the connection between pectin structure and its regulatory properties on gut microbiota at the level of purified pectin molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 123367"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123365
Yuanyuan Zhao , Pan Wang , Dan Wang , Wenting Zhao , Junjuan Wang , Zhiwen Ge , Ye Liu , Xiaoyan Zhao
This study aimed to investigate in vitro rat fecal fermentation behavior of pectic polymers and glycans that constitute typical pectic fragments, i.e. homogalacturonan (HG), arabinan (AB), arabinogalactan (AG), rhamnogalacturonan (RG), and xyloglucan (XG). Results showed that galacturonic acid proportion of HG (73.85 mol%) was the highest, followed by pectin (67.99 mol%), whereas arabinose (70.23 mol%) and galactose (86.22 mol%) enriched in AB and AG, respectively. Absolute quantitative microbiome revealed that Bacteroides showed dramatic growth in RG and AG; higher absolute abundances of Bifidobacterium (5.06E+09 and 3.36E+09 copies/g feces, respectively) were found in AB and XG; Escherichia Shigella, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella were inhibited after fermentation with pectin and HG by >95 %. Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the differential metabolite in AG and RG were 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, respectively, both of which were positively related to arabinose and galactose (p < 0.001). Besides, another characteristic monosaccharide, rhamnose was positively correlated with succinic acid (p < 0.05), and Parvibacter (p < 0.001). Overall, this work help to understand the interactions among pectin structure, gut microbiota and metabolites, thereby guiding the targeted design of the nutrient-directed pectins in future personalized diets.
{"title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic profile affected by pectic domains during in vitro rat fecal fermentation: A comparative study between different glycans rich in pectic monosaccharides","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhao , Pan Wang , Dan Wang , Wenting Zhao , Junjuan Wang , Zhiwen Ge , Ye Liu , Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate in vitro rat fecal fermentation behavior of pectic polymers and glycans that constitute typical pectic fragments, i.e. homogalacturonan (HG), arabinan (AB), arabinogalactan (AG), rhamnogalacturonan (RG), and xyloglucan (XG). Results showed that galacturonic acid proportion of HG (73.85 mol%) was the highest, followed by pectin (67.99 mol%), whereas arabinose (70.23 mol%) and galactose (86.22 mol%) enriched in AB and AG, respectively. Absolute quantitative microbiome revealed that <em>Bacteroides</em> showed dramatic growth in RG and AG; higher absolute abundances of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> (5.06E+09 and 3.36E+09 copies/g feces, respectively) were found in AB and XG; <em>Escherichia Shigella</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Klebsiella</em> were inhibited after fermentation with pectin and HG by >95 %. Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the differential metabolite in AG and RG were 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, respectively, both of which were positively related to arabinose and galactose (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Besides, another characteristic monosaccharide, rhamnose was positively correlated with succinic acid (<em>p</em> < 0.05), and <em>Parvibacter</em> (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Overall, this work help to understand the interactions among pectin structure, gut microbiota and metabolites, thereby guiding the targeted design of the nutrient-directed pectins in future personalized diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123365"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123366
Peng Ding , Kai Zhao , Chi Wang , Ren'ai Li , Guangxue Chen , Zheng Jia , Minghui He
Solid-state ionic conductors are integral to flexible electronics, addressing the shortcomings of hydrogels and ionic liquid-based ionic gels. However, the current reliance on petroleum-based materials challenges environmental conservation and sustainable development. Biomass-based solid-state ionic conductors present a viable solution to these concerns but often fall short in mechanical performance. Among various available biomass, xylan is a kind of hemicellulose widely present in plant cell walls with exceptional physicochemical attributes. To solve the problems above, we proposed a high-xylan-content scheme to design a solid-state ionic conductor that leveraged the deep eutectic solvents (DES)-mediated dissolution of xylan to help convert this surplus into high-value-added material for flexible electronics. With the poly(LiTFSI-Acrylic Acid(AA)) DES network containing up to 60 wt% xylan, our ultra-high xylan content liquid-free lithium-salt elastomers (LFLSEs) showed outstanding mechanical performance, with the strain at break of 2604 %, the tensile strength of 10.38 MPa, and the toughness up to 156.02 MJ·m−3. In addition, the LFLSEs also displayed promising ionic conductivity (3.70 × 10−4 S m−1, 25 °C), self-healing properties, and transparency, verifying our approach. The development of LFLSEs facilitates the practical exploration of xylan and contributes to advancements in biomass-based liquid-free ionic conductors.
{"title":"Ultra-high xylan content solid-state ionic conductors with mechanical excellence","authors":"Peng Ding , Kai Zhao , Chi Wang , Ren'ai Li , Guangxue Chen , Zheng Jia , Minghui He","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state ionic conductors are integral to flexible electronics, addressing the shortcomings of hydrogels and ionic liquid-based ionic gels. However, the current reliance on petroleum-based materials challenges environmental conservation and sustainable development. Biomass-based solid-state ionic conductors present a viable solution to these concerns but often fall short in mechanical performance. Among various available biomass, xylan is a kind of hemicellulose widely present in plant cell walls with exceptional physicochemical attributes. To solve the problems above, we proposed a high-xylan-content scheme to design a solid-state ionic conductor that leveraged the deep eutectic solvents (DES)-mediated dissolution of xylan to help convert this surplus into high-value-added material for flexible electronics. With the poly(LiTFSI-Acrylic Acid(AA)) DES network containing up to 60 wt% xylan, our ultra-high xylan content liquid-free lithium-salt elastomers (LFLSEs) showed outstanding mechanical performance, with the strain at break of 2604 %, the tensile strength of 10.38 MPa, and the toughness up to 156.02 MJ·m<sup>−3</sup>. In addition, the LFLSEs also displayed promising ionic conductivity (3.70 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S m<sup>−1</sup>, 25 °C), self-healing properties, and transparency, verifying our approach. The development of LFLSEs facilitates the practical exploration of xylan and contributes to advancements in biomass-based liquid-free ionic conductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123366"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlled release systems (CRSs) have been sought after as a compelling platform for site-specific delivery of bioactive compounds (BCs), including traditional drugs and food supplements. However, their potential is often hindered by challenges such as non-uniformity and structural instability. This study utilized an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) process to synthesize composites of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (in two forms: colloidal (c) and crosslinked (x)) and alginate (ALG) to produce uniformly shaped hydrogel microspheres (HMs), serving as pH-sensitive CRSs for BC encapsulation. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes, as model BCs, were loaded in HMs. Bead shapes were assessed by sphericity factors (values ≤0.05). Size depended on applied voltage, as it ranged from ∼1200 μm (voltage-OFF) to 300 μm (voltage-ON). Release mechanism of dye-loaded HMs was studied at pH 2.4 and pH 8.2 (to mimic acidic conditions in stomach and basic conditions in small intestine) using Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Release exponents (n) of dyes for different compositions indicated pH-dependent delivery through non–Fickian diffusion (0.43 ≤ n ≤ 0.85) and case–II transport (n ≥ 0.85) mechanisms. BC-loaded cCNC-ALG and xCNC-ALG composites, prepared via EHDs, demonstrated potential for designing efficient pH-sensitive CRSs for applications in various industries, ranging from nutraceutical and pharmaceutical to food and agriculture.
{"title":"Cellulose nanocrystal-based hydrogel microspheres prepared via electrohydrodynamic processes for controlled release of bioactive compounds","authors":"Joseph Batta-Mpouma , Gurshagan Kandhola , Jaspreet Kaur , Kayla Foley , Keisha Bishop Walters , Nalinikanth Kotagiri , Jin-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlled release systems (CRSs) have been sought after as a compelling platform for site-specific delivery of bioactive compounds (BCs), including traditional drugs and food supplements. However, their potential is often hindered by challenges such as non-uniformity and structural instability. This study utilized an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) process to synthesize composites of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (in two forms: colloidal (c) and crosslinked (x)) and alginate (ALG) to produce uniformly shaped hydrogel microspheres (HMs), serving as pH-sensitive CRSs for BC encapsulation. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes, as model BCs, were loaded in HMs. Bead shapes were assessed by sphericity factors (values ≤0.05). Size depended on applied voltage, as it ranged from ∼1200 μm (voltage-OFF) to 300 μm (voltage-ON). Release mechanism of dye-loaded HMs was studied at pH 2.4 and pH 8.2 (to mimic acidic conditions in stomach and basic conditions in small intestine) using Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Release exponents (<em>n</em>) of dyes for different compositions indicated pH-dependent delivery through non–Fickian diffusion (0.43 ≤ <em>n</em> ≤ 0.85) and case–II transport (<em>n</em> ≥ 0.85) mechanisms. BC-loaded cCNC-ALG and xCNC-ALG composites, prepared via EHDs, demonstrated potential for designing efficient pH-sensitive CRSs for applications in various industries, ranging from nutraceutical and pharmaceutical to food and agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123355"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123361
Estefanía Delgado-Pinar , Gianluca Utzeri , Artur J.M. Valente , J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo , Alberto A.A.C. Pais
In this study, we exploit the confinement effect of cyclodextrin-based polymers to achieve highly enhanced fluorescence properties of luminogens like tetraphenylethene (TPE) and 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (TPC) in the solid state. The resulting materials achieving values of fluorescence quantum yields, ϕF = 60 % and 81 % respectively, have potential applications in fields such as chemistry, biology and more interestingly, materials science, particularly where high concentrations of fluorophores are required without loss of photophysical properties, due to aggregation-caused quenching. The strategy developed allows both modulation of vessel morphology and control over the photophysical properties of the final material by i) controlling the solvent or solvent mixture used for the luminogen transport within the polymer matrix and ii) varying the cross-linking ratio in the polymeric synthesis. Detailed morphological and photophysical characterisations of these materials are presented, confirming their enhanced luminescence performance in the solid state without requiring external input such as temperature, pH or pressure.
{"title":"Vessels based on cyclodextrin polymers promote aggregation induced emission","authors":"Estefanía Delgado-Pinar , Gianluca Utzeri , Artur J.M. Valente , J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo , Alberto A.A.C. Pais","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we exploit the confinement effect of cyclodextrin-based polymers to achieve highly enhanced fluorescence properties of luminogens like tetraphenylethene (TPE) and 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (TPC) in the solid state. The resulting materials achieving values of fluorescence quantum yields, ϕ<sub>F</sub> = 60 % and 81 % respectively, have potential applications in fields such as chemistry, biology and more interestingly, materials science, particularly where high concentrations of fluorophores are required without loss of photophysical properties, due to aggregation-caused quenching. The strategy developed allows both modulation of vessel morphology and control over the photophysical properties of the final material by i) controlling the solvent or solvent mixture used for the luminogen transport within the polymer matrix and ii) varying the cross-linking ratio in the polymeric synthesis. Detailed morphological and photophysical characterisations of these materials are presented, confirming their enhanced luminescence performance in the solid state without requiring external input such as temperature, pH or pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123361"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123356
Lukas Pachernegg-Mair , Jana B. Schaubeder , Carina Waldner , Anna Mayrhofer , Markus Damm , Roland Kalb , Anna Maria Coclite , Ali Khodayari , David Seveno , Ulrich Hirn , Stefan Spirk
The efficient processing of cellulosic materials with ionic liquids heavily relies on the initial contact and wetting phase, which are crucial yet poorly understood in many ionic liquid/cellulose interactions. In this study, we explore these interactions through comprehensive wetting experiments and a robust mathematical framework. By leveraging molecular-kinetic theory (MKT), we illuminate the key factors affecting these interactions, such as viscosity and ion pair volume, and identify specific cellulose chain groups involved in the process. Our findings confirm that ionic liquids selectively adsorb on active sites of cellulose, facilitating a dynamic adsorption-desorption mechanism crucial for forward movement. Notably, we have identified these adsorption sites to be approximately 5 to 20 Å apart, e.g., distances between neighboring C6-hydroxyl groups within a cellulose molecule. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the dynamics of jump frequencies are intrinsically linked to the properties of ionic liquids, yet influenced by a complex array of parameters. This study provides significant insights into manipulating the interaction mechanisms to enhance spreading efficiency on surfaces. Our research underscores the pivotal role of cellulose's chemical structure and order, offering valuable implications for improving high-throughput processing techniques in various industrial applications.
{"title":"Probing interfacial interactions: Ionic liquids and cellulose thin films","authors":"Lukas Pachernegg-Mair , Jana B. Schaubeder , Carina Waldner , Anna Mayrhofer , Markus Damm , Roland Kalb , Anna Maria Coclite , Ali Khodayari , David Seveno , Ulrich Hirn , Stefan Spirk","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient processing of cellulosic materials with ionic liquids heavily relies on the initial contact and wetting phase, which are crucial yet poorly understood in many ionic liquid/cellulose interactions. In this study, we explore these interactions through comprehensive wetting experiments and a robust mathematical framework. By leveraging molecular-kinetic theory (MKT), we illuminate the key factors affecting these interactions, such as viscosity and ion pair volume, and identify specific cellulose chain groups involved in the process. Our findings confirm that ionic liquids selectively adsorb on active sites of cellulose, facilitating a dynamic adsorption-desorption mechanism crucial for forward movement. Notably, we have identified these adsorption sites to be approximately 5 to 20 Å apart, e.g., distances between neighboring C<sub>6</sub>-hydroxyl groups within a cellulose molecule. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the dynamics of jump frequencies are intrinsically linked to the properties of ionic liquids, yet influenced by a complex array of parameters. This study provides significant insights into manipulating the interaction mechanisms to enhance spreading efficiency on surfaces. Our research underscores the pivotal role of cellulose's chemical structure and order, offering valuable implications for improving high-throughput processing techniques in various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123356"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Bacillus species display various biological activities and characteristics such as anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and bioadhesive effects. These attributes confer Bacillus species broad potential applications in diverse fields such as food, medicine, environment, and agriculture. Moreover, Bacillus-derived EPS are easier to produce and yield higher quantities than plant-derived polysaccharides. Despite these advantages, Bacillus-derived EPS still encounter numerous obstacles in industrial production and commercial applications, including elevated costs, the absence of mature fermentation tank production procedures, and the lack of systematic in vivo and in vitro activity and metabolic evaluation. Therefore, it is essential to gain insight into the current status of structure, production, and applications of Bacillus-derived EPS for facilitating their future broader application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on the production, separation, characteristics and applications of these related biological products. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the current challenges impeding industrial production of Bacillus-derived EPS, along with potential solutions, and their prospective applications in enhancing the attributes of beneficial biofilms, laying a solid scientific foundation for the applications of Bacillus-derived EPS in industry and agriculture.
{"title":"Structural characteristics, biotechnological production and applications of exopolysaccharides from Bacillus sp.: A comprehensive review","authors":"Xiaolong Yang, Yufei Mao, Lan Chen, Xiong Guan, Zixuan Wang, Tianpei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by <em>Bacillus</em> species display various biological activities and characteristics such as anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and bioadhesive effects. These attributes confer <em>Bacillus</em> species broad potential applications in diverse fields such as food, medicine, environment, and agriculture. Moreover, <em>Bacillus</em>-derived EPS are easier to produce and yield higher quantities than plant-derived polysaccharides. Despite these advantages, <em>Bacillus</em>-derived EPS still encounter numerous obstacles in industrial production and commercial applications, including elevated costs, the absence of mature fermentation tank production procedures, and the lack of systematic in vivo and in vitro activity and metabolic evaluation. Therefore, it is essential to gain insight into the current status of structure, production, and applications of <em>Bacillus</em>-derived EPS for facilitating their future broader application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on the production, separation, characteristics and applications of these related biological products. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the current challenges impeding industrial production of <em>Bacillus</em>-derived EPS, along with potential solutions, and their prospective applications in enhancing the attributes of beneficial biofilms, laying a solid scientific foundation for the applications of <em>Bacillus</em>-derived EPS in industry and agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 123363"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123364
Jiang Tu , Tao Mao , Suhui Xie , Hang Xiao , Peng Wang
Cellulose cryogel shows great application potential as a thermal insulation material because of its eco-friendliness, lightweight, high porosity and highly-efficient thermal insulation property. However, the high flammability and hydrophilicity have become bottlenecks to restrict its application in the thermal insulation field. Herein, we synthesized an amylose derivative with ammonium phosphate groups (AM), and reported a dual chemical crosslinking strategy to fabricate lightweight, flame-retardant, high-modulus and hydrophobic cellulose cryogel with AM and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) via baking-crosslinking and chemical vapor deposition techniques. The dual crosslinking structure endowed the composite cryogel (AM30Si) with a high specific modulus of 47.0 MPa/(g/cm3), which enabled it to sustain 12,500 times its own weight. The thermal conductivity of AM30Si was only 28.7 mW/(m·K), which benefited from its anfractuous three-dimensional porous network structure. The P/N/Si synergy enhanced the flame retardancy of AM30Si, and its UL-94 rating and LOI value reached V-0 and 39.2%, respectively. Moreover, AM30Si possessed satisfactory hydrophobicity, oil absorption and continuous oil-water separation ability. This study provides not only an insight into the syntheses of reactive polysaccharide derivatives with high flame-retardant activity, but also an innovative solution to simultaneously address the inflammability, hydrophilicity and inadequate strength of cellulose cryogel while largely maintaining its lightweight feature.
{"title":"Dual chemical crosslinking strategy to fabricate lightweight, flame-retardant, high-modulus and hydrophobic cellulose cryogel","authors":"Jiang Tu , Tao Mao , Suhui Xie , Hang Xiao , Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose cryogel shows great application potential as a thermal insulation material because of its eco-friendliness, lightweight, high porosity and highly-efficient thermal insulation property. However, the high flammability and hydrophilicity have become bottlenecks to restrict its application in the thermal insulation field. Herein, we synthesized an amylose derivative with ammonium phosphate groups (AM), and reported a dual chemical crosslinking strategy to fabricate lightweight, flame-retardant, high-modulus and hydrophobic cellulose cryogel with AM and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) via baking-crosslinking and chemical vapor deposition techniques. The dual crosslinking structure endowed the composite cryogel (AM30Si) with a high specific modulus of 47.0 MPa/(g/cm<sup>3</sup>), which enabled it to sustain 12,500 times its own weight. The thermal conductivity of AM30Si was only 28.7 mW/(m·K), which benefited from its anfractuous three-dimensional porous network structure. The P/N/Si synergy enhanced the flame retardancy of AM30Si, and its UL-94 rating and LOI value reached V-0 and 39.2%, respectively. Moreover, AM30Si possessed satisfactory hydrophobicity, oil absorption and continuous oil-water separation ability. This study provides not only an insight into the syntheses of reactive polysaccharide derivatives with high flame-retardant activity, but also an innovative solution to simultaneously address the inflammability, hydrophilicity and inadequate strength of cellulose cryogel while largely maintaining its lightweight feature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 123364"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, chitosan has been functionalized with four nucleobases to investigate its mucoadhesive properties in the hydrogel form. These nucleobase-modified polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, EDAX, TGA and evaluated for its ROS responsive degradation, cytocompatibility, mucoadhesion, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and biofilm inhibitory properties. All the conjugated polymers have shown superior mucoadhesion along with the cyto- and hemo- compatibility as compared to chitosan. These functionalized polymers have shown excellent anti-bacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In particular, the guanine-conjugated polymer (P4) showcased excellent mucoadhesive properties. This finding corroborated the in-silico prediction of the interaction of chitosan and conjugated chitosan polymers with the mucin. All modified chitosans possess potent anti-fungal activity for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata along with the anti-biofilm properties for Candida tropicalis. P4 was found to reduce the multilayer polymicrobial biofilms consisting of bacterial and fungal species to a single layer. In addition, P4 as hydrogel scaffold has demonstrated excellent mucoadhesion and tissue adhesion. P4 hydrogel was found to release the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in ROS responsive manner. Hydrogel P4 displayed effectiveness in oral wound healing properties in-vivo in the case of an oral mucositis rat model.
{"title":"ROS-responsive nucleobase conjugated chitosan: Synthesis and evaluations for biomedical applications","authors":"Neeraj Kulkarni , Govinda Shivaji Jadhav , Pranav Ravindra Kombe , Bhaskar Dewangan , Cherukuri Venkata Apparao , Srimanta Patra , Akash P. Sakla , Sapan Borah , Bichismita Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, chitosan has been functionalized with four nucleobases to investigate its mucoadhesive properties in the hydrogel form. These nucleobase-modified polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, EDAX, TGA and evaluated for its ROS responsive degradation, cytocompatibility, mucoadhesion, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and biofilm inhibitory properties. All the conjugated polymers have shown superior mucoadhesion along with the cyto- and hemo- compatibility as compared to chitosan. These functionalized polymers have shown excellent anti-bacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. In particular, the guanine-conjugated polymer (P4) showcased excellent mucoadhesive properties. This finding corroborated the <em>in-silico</em> prediction of the interaction of chitosan and conjugated chitosan polymers with the mucin. All modified chitosans possess potent anti-fungal activity for <em>Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis</em> and <em>Candida glabrata</em> along with the anti-biofilm properties for <em>Candida tropicalis</em>. P4 was found to reduce the multilayer polymicrobial biofilms consisting of bacterial and fungal species to a single layer. In addition, P4 as hydrogel scaffold has demonstrated excellent mucoadhesion and tissue adhesion. P4 hydrogel was found to release the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in ROS responsive manner. Hydrogel P4 displayed effectiveness in oral wound healing properties <em>in-vivo</em> in the case of an oral mucositis rat model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 123353"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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