Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124941
Ting Wang , Yifeng Wang , Chunyu Ji , Qian Ding , Han Yang
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a widely available and sustainable cellulose derivative, can self-assemble into cholesteric structures, exhibiting dynamic structural color tunable by concentration or mechanical stress. However, preserving this dynamic optical response in the solid state remains challenging. Here, we report free-standing, humidity-responsive photonic actuators that integrate structural color change and deformation by co-assembling methacrylate functionalized HPC with acrylamide through covalently double cross-linked networks. This approach anchors the cholesteric structures within polymeric networks, enabling reversible structural color responses to humidity. Furthermore, the mechanical modulus and moisture absorption capacity of the resulting films can be tuned through controlled UV irradiation duration. Patterned HPC films with regions of varied modulus and moisture absorption capacity were fabricated using predesigned photomasks, exhibit reversible deformations (including bending, twisting, mimicking the blooming of flowers, and walking motion) coupled with visible structural color changes in response to humidity changes. These multifunctional HPC-based actuators are promising for applications in sustainable photonic robotics, biomimetic devices, and intelligent sensing applications.
{"title":"Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based photonic actuators coupling structural color and programmable deformation","authors":"Ting Wang , Yifeng Wang , Chunyu Ji , Qian Ding , Han Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a widely available and sustainable cellulose derivative, can self-assemble into cholesteric structures, exhibiting dynamic structural color tunable by concentration or mechanical stress. However, preserving this dynamic optical response in the solid state remains challenging. Here, we report free-standing, humidity-responsive photonic actuators that integrate structural color change and deformation by co-assembling methacrylate functionalized HPC with acrylamide through covalently double cross-linked networks. This approach anchors the cholesteric structures within polymeric networks, enabling reversible structural color responses to humidity. Furthermore, the mechanical modulus and moisture absorption capacity of the resulting films can be tuned through controlled UV irradiation duration. Patterned HPC films with regions of varied modulus and moisture absorption capacity were fabricated using predesigned photomasks, exhibit reversible deformations (including bending, twisting, mimicking the blooming of flowers, and walking motion) coupled with visible structural color changes in response to humidity changes. These multifunctional HPC-based actuators are promising for applications in sustainable photonic robotics, biomimetic devices, and intelligent sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124941"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124937
Feng Zhao , Jingyan Miao , Songnan Li , Andreas Blennow , Yu Tian , Xingxun Liu
Emulsion electrospinning offers a versatile approach to fabricating core-shell nanofibers, enabling effective encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive components. This study investigated the effects of oil type (sunflower oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and palm oil) and concentration of Tween 80 (0–2%) on the octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) starch based emulsion properties and electrospinning performance. All oil-in-water emulsions exhibited shear-thinning behavior and were successfully electrospun into core-shell structured nanofibers. Sunflower oil emulsions showed the highest stability, producing thin and uniform fibers with the greatest oil loading, attributed to the low interfacial tension, high zeta potential, and high conductivity. In contrast, saturated fatty acid–based oils (MCT and palm oil) resulted in less stable emulsions, yielding thicker fibers with reduced encapsulation efficiency. The incorporation of Tween 80 improved emulsion stability by decreasing droplet size, lowering interfacial tension, and enhancing zeta potential, but simultaneously decreased conductivity, resulting in larger fiber diameters. These results provide valuable guidance for designing OSA starch-based electrospun nanofibers for food and functional delivery applications.
{"title":"Effects of oil type and surfactant content on the electrospinning of octenylsuccinic anhydride modified starch-based emulsions","authors":"Feng Zhao , Jingyan Miao , Songnan Li , Andreas Blennow , Yu Tian , Xingxun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emulsion electrospinning offers a versatile approach to fabricating core-shell nanofibers, enabling effective encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive components. This study investigated the effects of oil type (sunflower oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and palm oil) and concentration of Tween 80 (0–2%) on the octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) starch based emulsion properties and electrospinning performance. All oil-in-water emulsions exhibited shear-thinning behavior and were successfully electrospun into core-shell structured nanofibers. Sunflower oil emulsions showed the highest stability, producing thin and uniform fibers with the greatest oil loading, attributed to the low interfacial tension, high zeta potential, and high conductivity. In contrast, saturated fatty acid–based oils (MCT and palm oil) resulted in less stable emulsions, yielding thicker fibers with reduced encapsulation efficiency. The incorporation of Tween 80 improved emulsion stability by decreasing droplet size, lowering interfacial tension, and enhancing zeta potential, but simultaneously decreased conductivity, resulting in larger fiber diameters. These results provide valuable guidance for designing OSA starch-based electrospun nanofibers for food and functional delivery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124937"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are promising bio-based nanomaterials for sustainable packaging, yet their high water affinity compromises their barrier performance. While the addition of clay fillers to improve moisture resistance is well established, the role of drying conditions in shaping the mechanical and barrier properties of CNF/clay composites remains underexplored. Herein, TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TCNFs) were reinforced with bentonite (BT) clay at 8, 15, and 23 wt% and the effect of drying rate on the structural, mechanical and moisture barrier properties of films with the highest clay content was investigated. A fast drying rate (>300 g/m2/h) promoted exfoliated clay structures, and a 65% reduction in water vapor transmission rate compared to neat TCNF films. In contrast, slow drying (~55 g/m2/h) resulted in intercalated and flocculated clay structures with surface agglomerates. Notably, slow drying enhanced mechanical performance, yielding a higher tensile index and specific Young's modulus. The differences can be attributed to the interplay between drying kinetics, colloidal stability, and internal stress development during film formation. This work demonstrates the critical role of processing parameters in determining structure-property relationships and underscores the importance of balancing filler content with drying conditions to tailor the mechanical strength and moisture barrier of CNF/clay composites.
{"title":"Variation of drying rate for structural tuning of cellulose nanofibril–clay composite films: Implications for mechanical and barrier performance","authors":"Chisom Umeileka , Dalinska Garcia , Martin Hubbe , Nathalie Lavoine","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are promising bio-based nanomaterials for sustainable packaging, yet their high water affinity compromises their barrier performance. While the addition of clay fillers to improve moisture resistance is well established, the role of drying conditions in shaping the mechanical and barrier properties of CNF/clay composites remains underexplored. Herein, TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TCNFs) were reinforced with bentonite (BT) clay at 8, 15, and 23 wt% and the effect of drying rate on the structural, mechanical and moisture barrier properties of films with the highest clay content was investigated. A fast drying rate (>300 g/m<sup>2</sup>/h) promoted exfoliated clay structures, and a 65% reduction in water vapor transmission rate compared to neat TCNF films. In contrast, slow drying (~55 g/m<sup>2</sup>/h) resulted in intercalated and flocculated clay structures with surface agglomerates. Notably, slow drying enhanced mechanical performance, yielding a higher tensile index and specific Young's modulus. The differences can be attributed to the interplay between drying kinetics, colloidal stability, and internal stress development during film formation. This work demonstrates the critical role of processing parameters in determining structure-property relationships and underscores the importance of balancing filler content with drying conditions to tailor the mechanical strength and moisture barrier of CNF/clay composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124926"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124922
E. Bullier-Marchandin , L. Rossignol , A. Echalard , S. Morin-Grognet , J. Maucotel , A. Arabo , D. Barritault , G. Ladam , B. Labat
Biomimetic surfaces are increasingly needed to enhance the effectiveness of biomaterials in bone tissue repair. The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique is a particularly attractive method due to its versatility and ability to incorporate a wide range of bioactive molecules under mild conditions. While numerous LbL systems have been developed, those integrating glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are often reported to rapidly degrade, which limits their potential in tissue integration. To address this limitation, we investigated the incorporation of ReGeneraTing Agents® (RGTA®) into LbLs. RGTA® are glycanase-resistant analogues of heparan sulfate, designed to protect and stabilize growth factors. To date, their use is restricted to soluble formulations or adsorptions onto biomaterial surfaces. Here, we propose a novel approach to immobilize two RGTA® (OTR4120 and OTR4131) within LbL architectures to produce bone extracellular matrix-like microenvironments. We revealed that OTR4120 potentiated much more in vitro bone formation over OTR4131, with the synthesis of a mature mineralized hydroxyapatite-rich matrix only atop OTR4120 films. Subsequent in vivo translation of OTR4120 LbL films validated the osteogenic potentializing effect. This new strategy aimed at combining the regenerative potential of OTR4120 with the structural and functional advantages of the LbL assemblies, offering a new avenue for the development of biomimetic osteogenic materials.
{"title":"Integrating heparan sulfate mimetics into LbL nanofilms as extracellular matrix-like architectures to promote bone tissue regeneration","authors":"E. Bullier-Marchandin , L. Rossignol , A. Echalard , S. Morin-Grognet , J. Maucotel , A. Arabo , D. Barritault , G. Ladam , B. Labat","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomimetic surfaces are increasingly needed to enhance the effectiveness of biomaterials in bone tissue repair. The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique is a particularly attractive method due to its versatility and ability to incorporate a wide range of bioactive molecules under mild conditions. While numerous LbL systems have been developed, those integrating glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are often reported to rapidly degrade, which limits their potential in tissue integration. To address this limitation, we investigated the incorporation of ReGeneraTing Agents® (RGTA®) into LbLs. RGTA® are glycanase-resistant analogues of heparan sulfate, designed to protect and stabilize growth factors. To date, their use is restricted to soluble formulations or adsorptions onto biomaterial surfaces. Here, we propose a novel approach to immobilize two RGTA® (OTR4120 and OTR4131) within LbL architectures to produce bone extracellular matrix-like microenvironments. We revealed that OTR4120 potentiated much more <em>in vitro</em> bone formation over OTR4131, with the synthesis of a mature mineralized hydroxyapatite-rich matrix only atop OTR4120 films. Subsequent <em>in vivo</em> translation of OTR4120 LbL films validated the osteogenic potentializing effect. This new strategy aimed at combining the regenerative potential of OTR4120 with the structural and functional advantages of the LbL assemblies, offering a new avenue for the development of biomimetic osteogenic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124922"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ionic polysaccharides improve gelation and hydration in meat systems, yet their structure-function relationships remain poorly defined. This study compared κ-carrageenan (CAR, anionic), agar (weakly anionic), curdlan (CUR, neutral), and chitosan (CHI, cationic) using a dual-system strategy integrating minced chicken gels with purified myofibrillar proteins. Concentration screening (1–2%) identified 1.75% as optimal for CAR, CUR, and CHI, and 1.25% for agar. At these levels, CAR and agar produced high gel strength (∼4.0 × 103 g × mm) and storage modulus above 10 kPa, while CUR maximized water-holding capacity (∼68%). In contrast, CHI showed limited improvement due to charge incompatibility. To elucidate these differential outcomes, mechanistic analyses revealed charge-dependent effects across treatments: CAR maintained controlled protein aggregation (ζ-potential −29.45 mV) enabling organized networks, whereas agar preserved protein structure with highest β-sheet content (∼52%). Conversely, CUR induced spontaneous aggregation (particle size 2.3 μm), and CHI formed stable complexes preventing gelation (solubility ∼83%). Notably, molecular force analysis further demonstrated multi-modal interactions involving electrostatic, hydrophobic, and potentially hydrogen-bonding contributions varying by polysaccharide type. Overall, anionic polysaccharides, especially CAR, provided the most effective network formation. Collectively, these findings establish that charge compatibility is critical for protein gelation, thereby offering practical guidance for formulating structured meat products.
{"title":"Charge-dependent mechanisms of ionic polysaccharides modulating myofibrillar protein gelation: A dual-system evaluation from minced chicken gel to protein system","authors":"Chenhui Li , Xorlali Nunekpeku , Qiaoqiao Jia , Yiping Chen , Wei Zhang , Md Mehedi Hassan , Huanhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic polysaccharides improve gelation and hydration in meat systems, yet their structure-function relationships remain poorly defined. This study compared κ-carrageenan (CAR, anionic), agar (weakly anionic), curdlan (CUR, neutral), and chitosan (CHI, cationic) using a dual-system strategy integrating minced chicken gels with purified myofibrillar proteins. Concentration screening (1–2%) identified 1.75% as optimal for CAR, CUR, and CHI, and 1.25% for agar. At these levels, CAR and agar produced high gel strength (∼4.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> g × mm) and storage modulus above 10 kPa, while CUR maximized water-holding capacity (∼68%). In contrast, CHI showed limited improvement due to charge incompatibility. To elucidate these differential outcomes, mechanistic analyses revealed charge-dependent effects across treatments: CAR maintained controlled protein aggregation (ζ-potential −29.45 mV) enabling organized networks, whereas agar preserved protein structure with highest β-sheet content (∼52%). Conversely, CUR induced spontaneous aggregation (particle size 2.3 μm), and CHI formed stable complexes preventing gelation (solubility ∼83%). Notably, molecular force analysis further demonstrated multi-modal interactions involving electrostatic, hydrophobic, and potentially hydrogen-bonding contributions varying by polysaccharide type. Overall, anionic polysaccharides, especially CAR, provided the most effective network formation. Collectively, these findings establish that charge compatibility is critical for protein gelation, thereby offering practical guidance for formulating structured meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124925"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124918
Yucheng Ma , Shulei Pan , Tao Yang , Banghua Liao , Mengzhu Yang , Yang Fu , Xi Jin , Dongxue Yang , Chuanmin Chu , Kunjie Wang , Min Zhao
Polygonum aviculare L., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is widely used to treat urinary stones. In this work, a novel rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), PAPN1, was isolated from the plant, and its anti-nephrolithiatic effects were assessed through integrated multi-omics approaches. Structural analysis revealed that PAPN1 is an RG-I pectin with a backbone of alternating →4)-α-GalpA-(1 → 2,4)-α-Rhap-(1 → residues, where the C4 position of →2,4)-α-Rhap-(1 → is linked to arabinans (composed of T/1,5/1,3,5-linked α-Araf residues) and galactans (composed of T/1,4/1,6/1,4,6/1,3,4-linked β-Galp residues). In vivo, oral administration of PAPN1 (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition in a dose-dependent manner and improved renal function. 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling revealed that PAPN1 reshaped the gut microbiota composition, markedly increasing taurine levels. Bulk RNA sequencing showed that PAPN1 suppressed the TNFα expression in renal tissue, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses and crystal adhesion. Collectively, PAPN1 modulates the gut microbiota to enhance taurine production, which inhibits the TNFα expression in kidneys, alleviating local inflammation and crystal retention to exert anti-nephrolithiatic effects. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of PAPN1 as a natural anti-inflammatory agent and elucidates the critical role of the gut–kidney axis in nephrolithiasis prevention.
{"title":"Multi-omics analyses reveal a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) from Polygonum aviculare ameliorates nephrolithiasis through regulation of the gut–kidney axis","authors":"Yucheng Ma , Shulei Pan , Tao Yang , Banghua Liao , Mengzhu Yang , Yang Fu , Xi Jin , Dongxue Yang , Chuanmin Chu , Kunjie Wang , Min Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Polygonum aviculare</em> L., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is widely used to treat urinary stones. In this work, a novel rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), PAPN1, was isolated from the plant, and its anti-nephrolithiatic effects were assessed through integrated multi-omics approaches. Structural analysis revealed that PAPN1 is an RG-I pectin with a backbone of alternating →4)-α-Gal<em>p</em>A-(1 → 2,4)-α-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → residues, where the C4 position of →2,4)-α-Rhap-(1 → is linked to arabinans (composed of T/1,5/1,3,5-linked α-Ara<em>f</em> residues) and galactans (composed of T/1,4/1,6/1,4,6/1,3,4-linked β-Gal<em>p</em> residues). In vivo, oral administration of PAPN1 (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition in a dose-dependent manner and improved renal function. 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling revealed that PAPN1 reshaped the gut microbiota composition, markedly increasing taurine levels. Bulk RNA sequencing showed that PAPN1 suppressed the TNFα expression in renal tissue, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses and crystal adhesion. Collectively, PAPN1 modulates the gut microbiota to enhance taurine production, which inhibits the TNFα expression in kidneys, alleviating local inflammation and crystal retention to exert anti-nephrolithiatic effects. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of PAPN1 as a natural anti-inflammatory agent and elucidates the critical role of the gut–kidney axis in nephrolithiasis prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124918"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124917
Yanjing Liu, Sitong Che, Jing Xu, Yuanqiang Guo
Functional food polysaccharides (FFPs) offer significant health benefits, but their development is hampered by the limitations of cell-based models and the high cost of mammalian studies. The zebrafish model has emerged as a powerful screening platform, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research by combining whole-organism biology with high-throughput capabilities. This review details a systematic zebrafish screening framework, covering model selection, polysaccharide administration routes, and multi-level activity assessment. We consolidate evidence of its utility in evaluating FFPs across key areas: immunomodulation, metabolic homeostasis, gut health, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor activity. While acknowledging translational challenges like anatomical differences, we summarize an integrated validation pipeline combining zebrafish, human cell models, and rodent studies to de-risk clinical development. Finally, we highlight how emerging technologies such as AI and CRISPR will further enhance mechanistic studies. We conclude that zebrafish are a cost-effective and efficient tool for accelerating the discovery of evidence-based functional foods derived from bioactive polysaccharides.
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of functional food polysaccharides: The zebrafish model as a revolutionary high-throughput screening platform","authors":"Yanjing Liu, Sitong Che, Jing Xu, Yuanqiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional food polysaccharides (FFPs) offer significant health benefits, but their development is hampered by the limitations of cell-based models and the high cost of mammalian studies. The zebrafish model has emerged as a powerful screening platform, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research by combining whole-organism biology with high-throughput capabilities. This review details a systematic zebrafish screening framework, covering model selection, polysaccharide administration routes, and multi-level activity assessment. We consolidate evidence of its utility in evaluating FFPs across key areas: immunomodulation, metabolic homeostasis, gut health, neuroprotection, and anti-tumor activity. While acknowledging translational challenges like anatomical differences, we summarize an integrated validation pipeline combining zebrafish, human cell models, and rodent studies to de-risk clinical development. Finally, we highlight how emerging technologies such as AI and CRISPR will further enhance mechanistic studies. We conclude that zebrafish are a cost-effective and efficient tool for accelerating the discovery of evidence-based functional foods derived from bioactive polysaccharides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124917"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124923
Haiyan Wang , Chenyang Ding , Chenjun Liu , Wenjun Sun , Ben Wu , Huali Nie , Haiyan Li , Xiao Feng , Linyuan Shu , Hui Sun , Siyu Ni
The engineering of multifunctional injectable hydrogels that dynamically address phase-specific requirements during infected wound healing represents a pivotal challenge in advanced wound care. Here, a series of carboxymethyl-modified curdlan (CRc)-based hydrogels were developed via multiple physical interactions with divalent metal ions. Specifically, the carboxyl groups on the CRc molecular chains formed dynamic bonds with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+, effectively facilitating hydrogel formation. These composite systems demonstrated rapid gelation (within 2 min), outstanding injectability, good self-healing ability, suitable tissue adhesion properties, and distinct release behaviors of various ions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Cu/Zn@CRc system exhibited dual-phase therapeutic efficacy: the initial rapid release of Cu2+ achieved potent antibacterial and biofilm-disruption capabilities while also promoting macrophage recruitment and enhancing microbial clearance. Subsequent sustained Zn2+ release orchestrated anti-inflammatory responses, efferocytosis potentiation, and macrophage polarization toward regenerative phenotypes. In staphylococcus aureus - infected acute and diabetic wound models, Cu/Zn@CRc hydrogel accelerated infection control while synchronously mitigating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration through demand-driven ion delivery. Histological analyses confirmed enhanced collagen deposition and neovascularization. In conclusion, this study not only developed a novel CRc-based hydrogel carrier system for treating infectious wounds but also established a simple and efficient manufacturing procedure for CRc composite hydrogels.
{"title":"Injectable curdlan-derived hydrogel with differential release of copper and zinc ions for synergistic therapy of infected wounds","authors":"Haiyan Wang , Chenyang Ding , Chenjun Liu , Wenjun Sun , Ben Wu , Huali Nie , Haiyan Li , Xiao Feng , Linyuan Shu , Hui Sun , Siyu Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The engineering of multifunctional injectable hydrogels that dynamically address phase-specific requirements during infected wound healing represents a pivotal challenge in advanced wound care. Here, a series of carboxymethyl-modified curdlan (CRc)-based hydrogels were developed via multiple physical interactions with divalent metal ions. Specifically, the carboxyl groups on the CRc molecular chains formed dynamic bonds with Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, effectively facilitating hydrogel formation. These composite systems demonstrated rapid gelation (within 2 min), outstanding injectability, good self-healing ability, suitable tissue adhesion properties, and distinct release behaviors of various ions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Cu/Zn@CRc system exhibited dual-phase therapeutic efficacy: the initial rapid release of Cu<sup>2+</sup> achieved potent antibacterial and biofilm-disruption capabilities while also promoting macrophage recruitment and enhancing microbial clearance. Subsequent sustained Zn<sup>2+</sup> release orchestrated anti-inflammatory responses, efferocytosis potentiation, and macrophage polarization toward regenerative phenotypes. In <em>staphylococcus aureus</em> - infected acute and diabetic wound models, Cu/Zn@CRc hydrogel accelerated infection control while synchronously mitigating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration through demand-driven ion delivery. Histological analyses confirmed enhanced collagen deposition and neovascularization. In conclusion, this study not only developed a novel CRc-based hydrogel carrier system for treating infectious wounds but also established a simple and efficient manufacturing procedure for CRc composite hydrogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124923"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124921
Muhammad Khan , Mohamed Hassan Eisa , Abdul Hameed , Xiaohui Sun , Suleiman M. Suleiman , Muffarih Shah , Noor Majeed , Xiangsheng Chen , Nasir A. Ibrahim , Ashraf A. Qurtam , Katabathini Narasimharao , Zainuriah Hassan
MXene Chitosan (MX-CS) composites have emerged as a promising class of material for wastewater treatment, capitalizing on the synergy between 2D MX's high surface area, conductivity, CS's abundant functional groups, and biocompatibility. This review briefly outlines their synthesis to yield stable, homogenous MX-CS composites and highlights the versatile applications in water remediation. In dye-laden effluents, MX-CS adsorbent efficiently binds and removes organic dyes, while in heavy metals contaminated streams, they sequester metal ions through chelation and electrostatic interaction. The composites also enable oil-in-water emulsion separation, antifouling membrane barriers, achieving high separation efficiency, and serve as a high-performance electrode in capacitive deionization systems for desalination by leveraging MX conductivity to enhance salt removal. Additionally, MX-CS composites show potential in mitigating pharmaceutical pollutants via adsorption or catalytic degradation. This review concludes with an outlook on future research direction and emphasizes the need to improve long-term stability, reusability, and scalability of these composites from laboratory study to real-world wastewater treatment applications.
{"title":"Mxene-chitosan composites in wastewater treatment: From adsorption and separation to catalytic remediation","authors":"Muhammad Khan , Mohamed Hassan Eisa , Abdul Hameed , Xiaohui Sun , Suleiman M. Suleiman , Muffarih Shah , Noor Majeed , Xiangsheng Chen , Nasir A. Ibrahim , Ashraf A. Qurtam , Katabathini Narasimharao , Zainuriah Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXene Chitosan (MX-CS) composites have emerged as a promising class of material for wastewater treatment, capitalizing on the synergy between 2D MX's high surface area, conductivity, CS's abundant functional groups, and biocompatibility. This review briefly outlines their synthesis to yield stable, homogenous MX-CS composites and highlights the versatile applications in water remediation. In dye-laden effluents, MX-CS adsorbent efficiently binds and removes organic dyes, while in heavy metals contaminated streams, they sequester metal ions through chelation and electrostatic interaction. The composites also enable oil-in-water emulsion separation, antifouling membrane barriers, achieving high separation efficiency, and serve as a high-performance electrode in capacitive deionization systems for desalination by leveraging MX conductivity to enhance salt removal. Additionally, MX-CS composites show potential in mitigating pharmaceutical pollutants via adsorption or catalytic degradation. This review concludes with an outlook on future research direction and emphasizes the need to improve long-term stability, reusability, and scalability of these composites from laboratory study to real-world wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124921"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124919
Oriana Sacco , Emilie Louise Johansen , Yu Tian , Jesper Holck , Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard , Andreas Blennow , Federica De Lise , Ali Shaikh-Ibrahim , Marco Moracci , Nicola Curci , Birte Svensson , Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano , Yu Wang
High-amylose starch (HAS) is gaining attention in biotechnology for its thermal stability, structural resilience and health benefits. Its dense crystalline structure hinders hydrolysis by human gut enzymes, making it a promising source of type 2 resistant starch for hydro-thermal and enzymatic upgrading. 4-α-Glucanotransferases (4αGTs) of glycoside hydrolase family 77 catalyse disproportionation of α-1,4-glucan chains in HAS, enhancing functionality and nutritional properties. Here, a 4αGT, ParGT from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum arsenaticum, identified in a metagenomic dataset from Pisciarelli hot spring (85 °C, pH 5.5; Naples, Italy), showed highest activity at 100 °C and pH 5.5, and specific activity of maltotriose disproportionation at 75 °C of 1170 U/mg. ParGT effectively modified HAS granules under controlled heating (annealing) at 75 °C, altering crystallinity, surface order and chain length. Comparative analysis of native, heat-treated and ParGT-modified HAS granules from wheat, potato, maize, and barley revealed distinct effects of botanical source, enzymatic modification, and heating. Notably, ParGT increased the resistant starch (RS) contents in wheat and potato HASs subjected to in vitro digestion. Interfacial kinetics correlated the increased resistance to decreased density of glucoamylase attack sites. Overall, ParGT showed strong potential in enzyme- and hydro-thermal modifications developing starch-based ingredients for health and food applications.
{"title":"Biochemical characterisation of the 4-α-glucanotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum arsenaticum and its formation of high-amylose resistant starch","authors":"Oriana Sacco , Emilie Louise Johansen , Yu Tian , Jesper Holck , Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard , Andreas Blennow , Federica De Lise , Ali Shaikh-Ibrahim , Marco Moracci , Nicola Curci , Birte Svensson , Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano , Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-amylose starch (HAS) is gaining attention in biotechnology for its thermal stability, structural resilience and health benefits. Its dense crystalline structure hinders hydrolysis by human gut enzymes, making it a promising source of type 2 resistant starch for hydro-thermal and enzymatic upgrading. 4-α-Glucanotransferases (4αGTs) of glycoside hydrolase family 77 catalyse disproportionation of α-1,4-glucan chains in HAS, enhancing functionality and nutritional properties. Here, a 4αGT, <em>Par</em>GT from the hyperthermophilic archaeon <em>Pyrobaculum arsenaticum,</em> identified in a metagenomic dataset from Pisciarelli hot spring (85 °C, pH 5.5; Naples, Italy), showed highest activity at 100 °C and pH 5.5, and specific activity of maltotriose disproportionation at 75 °C of 1170 U/mg. <em>Par</em>GT effectively modified HAS granules under controlled heating (annealing) at 75 °C, altering crystallinity, surface order and chain length. Comparative analysis of native, heat-treated and <em>Par</em>GT-modified HAS granules from wheat, potato, maize, and barley revealed distinct effects of botanical source, enzymatic modification, and heating. Notably, <em>Par</em>GT increased the resistant starch (RS) contents in wheat and potato HASs subjected to <em>in vitro</em> digestion. Interfacial kinetics correlated the increased resistance to decreased density of glucoamylase attack sites. Overall, <em>Par</em>GT showed strong potential in enzyme- and hydro-thermal modifications developing starch-based ingredients for health and food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124919"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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