Hyperuricemia is a significant health concern worldwide. It is important to identify pregnant women who may be at risk to enhance pregnancy care. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and identify some factors associated with hyperuricemia among Vietnamese pregnant women.
In this cross-sectional study, 340 pregnant women were enrolled from May 2021 to December 2021. Demographic information, anthropometric data, and food frequency consumption (within 1 month before delivery) were collected from the participants. In addition, the biochemical indices of the participants were collected from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was deployed to identify associated factors (p < 0.05).
The prevalence of hyperuricemia was estimated at 20.3 %. Factors associated with hyperuricemia risk among Vietnamese pregnant women include eating red meat (aOR: 2.3), eating animal organs (aOR: 2.5), not meeting vegetable recommendations (aOR: 6.7), hyper-total cholesterol (aOR: 2.4), disease during pregnancy (aOR: 3.5) and gestational weight gain below recommendations (aOR: 0.2).
The prevalence of hyperuricemia among pregnant women was relatively high at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Consuming red meat and animal organs, not meeting vegetable recommendations, having high total cholesterol, and experiencing pregnancy-related diseases are the major factors associated with higher rates of hyperuricemia in this study.
Menstruating young women experience twice as much iron loss as young men. One alternative effort that can be made is to provide functional drinks that are useful for overcoming anemia. Functional beverages must provide nutritional intake and sensory satisfaction, such as good taste and good texture, using sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea Batatas L). Sweet potato leaves are chosen as raw material because, besides being abundantly available and accessible to cultivate, they are also very cheap, so that they can reduce production costs. Pancalang Health Center is one of the Health Centers in the Kuningan Regency Area with reasonably high sweet potato cultivation.
This study aims to determine the level of compliance with functional drink consumption, determine hemoglobin levels before and after functional drink intervention, describe anemia status before and after functional drink intervention, describe the effects of functional drink consumption, and nutritional status picture before and after consuming functional drink products.
The study was conducted by quasi-experiment in one group (nonrandomized pre-test and post-test without control group design). Purposive sampling was carried out by Purposive Sampling on adolescents at the Pancalang Health Center, Kuningan Regency. Data collection was done by checking HB levels before the intervention and after the intervention. The intervention is carried out for 52 days.
and Conclussion: The majority of respondents were compliant in consuming functional drinks, and only 7.5 % were non-compliant. The median before the intervention is 11 and after the intervention is 12 and a p value of <0,001 is obtained, meaning that statistically there is a significant difference between HB before the intervention and after the intervention.
There was a significant difference between Hb levels before the intervention and after the intervention, obtaining a p-value of <0.001.
Hypertension is a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. However, there is a lack of hypertension research at the local level, particularly in the Rangpur region of Bangladesh.
The study aims to estimate the prevalence of hypertension as well as the specific association of hypertension with overweight and obesity among adults in the Rangpur region of Bangladesh.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rangpur division of Bangladesh from July to September 2021. A total of 1302 individual data were collected by the simple random sampling method. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with hypertension. To show the strength of association, both the unadjusted Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).
The overall prevalence of hypertension, overweight, and obesity in the sample population were 23.0 %, 40.6 %, and 7.0 %, respectively. The study identified a significant association between hypertension and overweight and obesity (p-value <0.001). Overweight adults had a 61 % higher risk of hypertension (AOR: 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.22–2.14), while the risk was 2.35 times higher for obese individuals (AOR: 2.35; 95 % CI: 1.43–3.87), compared to those with normal weight.
Given the high prevalence of hypertension in the study area, immediate public health initiatives are imperative. It is crucial to prioritize overweight and obesity as key factors in designing effective interventions for hypertension prevention and control.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases and poses significant challenges for the healthcare sector and the community. Distress in patients with T2DM leads to severe physical and mental consequences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between distress and the nutritional status of T2DM patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from October to December 2022. Of the participants, 54.2 % were female with an average age of 62.1 (±12.4). The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly different between genders (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high at 46.7 %, with females having a 2.3 times higher WC and a 1.5 times higher WHR compared to males. The study identified several factors related to the nutritional status and distress in T2DM patients, including age, gender, residence, family history of T2DM, lifestyle habits, and nutritional status (p < 0.05). Early and comprehensive evaluation of T2DM patients is essential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
This study aimed to evaluate the on-diagnosis nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer via different nutritional assessment tools and their association with three-year mortality.
In the present prospective study, 303 participants with GC, aged≥18 years old were included. The nutritional status assessment was performed after diagnosis and before initiation of any treatment using PG-SGA, NRS-2002, and MUST tests. All patients were followed up every six months for three years. The overall survival (OS) was calculated from the diagnosis date to the date of death or last visit.
The prevalence of malnutrition was 74.6 %, 66.7 %, and 64.2 % according to NRS-2002, MUST, and PG-SGA tools respectively. There was a slight agreement between PG-SGA and NRS2002 and MUST; and NRS2002 and MUST. Considering the PG-SGA as a reference tool, the sensitivity for NRS2002 was high (83.5 %), but MUST showed low sensitivity (71.6 %). The specificity for both tests was low. There was a significant association between three-year mortality and patients at risk of malnutrition based on the PG-SGA tool (P = 0.04).
The present study showed the high prevalence of malnutrition in GC patients on admission. At diagnosis, PG-SGA should be applied to screen nutritional status, and based on this tool results, proper nutritional interventions should be implemented to improve nutritional status in patients with GC.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2022, nearly 8 in 10 individuals who suffered from a stroke showed a history of hypertension, and over 60 % of those with Diabetes have hypertension with high triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, bad cholesterol). Both high LDL and Diabetes double the threat of CVD incidence, with the probability of all the previous risk factors being higher in adults who are overweight and obese. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is critical to developing metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The elaboration of the mechanisms by which n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids operate and convert to the essential fatty acids in the body will allow us to clearly understand the significance of the optimum ratio of the two. According to research, the human body can maintain optimum health with an intake ratio of n-6/n-3 of 5:1; however, the current ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is 20:1 in the Western diet. As the intake of n-6 PUFA heavy diet increases, we notice an incline in the incidence rate of metabolic syndromes through activating the inflammatory pathways. Omega 6 and omega 3 compete for the same enzyme binding site, and depending on which is bound, the resulting essential fatty acid signals a cascade of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. This review discusses the importance of the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in preventing, developing, and progressing cardiovascular disease.
The reliance on ultra-processed foods (UPF) as a source of energy has increased over the last decade. Consumption of UPF is associated with increased calorie intake and increased risk for chronic disease. An intentional increase of a variety of non-ultra-processed plant foods may decrease UPF intake and reduce risk for chronic disease.
The objective of this study was to determine whether an intervention to increase in the number of varieties of non-ultra-processed plant foods consumed each week along with grocery reimbursement was associated with reduced intake of UPF and reduced risk of chronic disease. An 8-week dietary intervention with the intention for subjects (22 were recruited and started the study, while 19 subjects completed the study) to consume at least 30 varieties of non-ultra-processed plant foods per week was conducted. Subjects watched a weekly educational module, received recipes and grocery lists, and received reimbursement for non-ultra-processed plant foods that were purchased. Diet assessments were conducted by 24-h recall and 3-day diet records. Fasting plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and anthropomorphic measurements were assessed at four time points.
The number of different types of non-ultra-processed plant foods consumed each week was significantly increased after the 8-week intervention compared to before (34.7 ± 10.8 vs 23.1 ± 12.1; p < 0.001). The number of ultra-processed foods consumed per day was significantly lower during the intervention compared to the control period (5.32 ± 1.65 vs 6.54 ± 2.04; p = 0.02). There were no significant changes to biochemical or anthropomorphic following the 8-week intervention.
Educating individuals on the importance of the variety of plant foods intake along with reducing the financial barrier for purchasing plant foods may be an effective way to reduce reliance on ultra-processed foods. More research is needed to determine whether an increase in varieties of plant foods and reduction in ultra-processed food intake impacts risk for chronic disease.
The global rise in obesity, particularly among black Africans in developing nations experiencing nutritional transitions, underscores the importance of exploring Overweight/Obesity Perception (OP) as a crucial factor in maintaining an optimal body weight. Incorrect body image perception may impede efforts to achieve the desired body weight, leading to adverse outcomes related to Cardiometabolic Diseases (CMD). This cross-sectional study investigated the interplay between overweight/obesity perception, actual body weight, and CMD risk in a cohort of healthy Ghanaian adults.
A total of 302 apparently healthy adults, aged 25–60 years, with Dagomba ancestry, were recruited from three communities. Participants were screened based on age, ancestry, history of communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), and use of antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs. Anthropometric assessments and blood sample collections for biochemical analysis were conducted. Body image perception was measured using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (SFRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis.
Participants had a mean age of 38.28 ± 10.88, with 61.6% being women. While 47% accurately perceived their body weight, 53% had incorrect perceptions. Notably, 47.2% underestimated and 8.5% overestimated their weight status. Among overweight individuals, 33% underestimated and 9.4% overestimated their weight, whereas among the obese, 66.7% and 33.3% respectively had inaccurate perceptions. Gender, serum triglyceride levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with weight perception. About 55% of overweight/obese participants and 62.1% with high waist circumference did not express a desire to lose weight. Multiple logistic regression revealed that both overweight (AOR = 6, 95% CI (1.8–20.2), p < 0.05) and obesity (AOR = 20.5, 95% CI (5–84.9), p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of CMD.
The findings underscore the association between overweight/obesity and an elevated risk of CMD. This emphasizes the imperative for public health interventions aimed at promoting an ideal body weight and highlighting the impact of overweight/obesity on CMD risk factors.
Despite its prevalence in the media, uncertainty surrounds the effectiveness of the paleolithic diet for the management of type 2 diabetes. Our scoping review aims to assess the efficacy of the paleolithic diet in managing body weight, glycemia, and lipidemia in comparison to recommended diets for type 2 diabetes management.
We conducted searches in Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL to identify pertinent randomized controlled trials up to Mar 2024. Our review incorporated 3 reports from 2 randomized controlled trials involving 37 Caucasian participants. Comparative analysis of the paleolithic diet against recommended diabetic diets revealed encouraging outcomes, manifesting in the improvement of glycemic and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes patients. However, there were mixed results in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Paleolithic diet hints at potentially favorable effects on type 2 diabetes, but evidence is severely limited. Rigorously designed larger trials evaluating distinct paleolithic diets on clinical outcomes while monitoring safety and feasibility are critically needed before making recommendations.
This scoping review has been registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42021226788.
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