Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.08
Y. Zerihun
Overshot gates, such as the Lay-flat gate, have been used extensively as a flow-measuring structure in open-channel irrigation conveyance systems. Despite their simple geometric shape, the free flow over such structures possesses a substantial curvature of streamline and a steep free-surface slope, thereby making the assumption of a hydrostatic pressure distribution invalid. Accordingly, the shallow-water approach becomes inapplicable for analyzing their discharge characteristics. Using the depth-averaged Boussinesq-type model, the critical flow conditions based on this lower-order approach were extended, leading to an equation for the free-flow coefficient of discharge that implicitly incorporates the flow’s dynamic effects. The developed model was tested for free-flow cases, with a satisfactory agreement between computational results and experimental data. Overall, it was shown that the proposed model is capable of accurately simulating a sharply-curved flow over an overshot gate. The study found that the relative overflow depth prominently affects the characteristics of the curvilinear transcritical flow and hence the free-flow coefficient of discharge. Furthermore, the angle of inclination has a moderate influence on the discharge characteristics of a full-width overshot gate with a face slope flatter than 56°.
{"title":"Free-flow discharge characteristics of an overshot gate: A non-hydrostatic numerical modeling approach","authors":"Y. Zerihun","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.08","url":null,"abstract":"Overshot gates, such as the Lay-flat gate, have been used extensively as a flow-measuring structure in open-channel irrigation conveyance systems. Despite their simple geometric shape, the free flow over such structures possesses a substantial curvature of streamline and a steep free-surface slope, thereby making the assumption of a hydrostatic pressure distribution invalid. Accordingly, the shallow-water approach becomes inapplicable for analyzing their discharge characteristics. Using the depth-averaged Boussinesq-type model, the critical flow conditions based on this lower-order approach were extended, leading to an equation for the free-flow coefficient of discharge that implicitly incorporates the flow’s dynamic effects. The developed model was tested for free-flow cases, with a satisfactory agreement between computational results and experimental data. Overall, it was shown that the proposed model is capable of accurately simulating a sharply-curved flow over an overshot gate. The study found that the relative overflow depth prominently affects the characteristics of the curvilinear transcritical flow and hence the free-flow coefficient of discharge. Furthermore, the angle of inclination has a moderate influence on the discharge characteristics of a full-width overshot gate with a face slope flatter than 56°.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43111263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.09
Libor Ansorge, L. Stejskalová, P. Soldán
Water pollution by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) causes risks to both the environment and human health. We assessed water pollution by CECs in the Sava River basin in two monitoring campaigns carried out in May and July 2017. The grey water footprint (GWF) is a tool that converts the level of pollution by particular substances into the volume of water needed for dilution to a harmless level. Therefore, it can serve as an indicator for comparing various pollutants. The results show that substances that determine the GWF differ in individual locations. The highest value of the GWF was associated with 17β-estradiol, however, found only in one wastewater sample. The study showed that the value of the GWF in individual locations fluctuates and does not depend on the size of the wastewater treatment plant from which the wastewater is discharged. At selected wastewater treatment plants, a sustainability assessment was carried out using the Water Pollution Level indicator. The values in all cases were below the level of 1.0, indicating sustainable discharge; only in two cases did values reach the defined threshold to question the potential of non-sustainable discharge. The study contributes to earlier studies on the GWF and enlarges knowledge regarding the GWF of CECs.
{"title":"Grey Water Footprint of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wasterwater in Sava River Basin","authors":"Libor Ansorge, L. Stejskalová, P. Soldán","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.09","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) causes risks to both the environment and human health. We assessed water pollution by CECs in the Sava River basin in two monitoring campaigns carried out in May and July 2017. The grey water footprint (GWF) is a tool that converts the level of pollution by particular substances into the volume of water needed for dilution to a harmless level. Therefore, it can serve as an indicator for comparing various pollutants. The results show that substances that determine the GWF differ in individual locations. The highest value of the GWF was associated with 17β-estradiol, however, found only in one wastewater sample. The study showed that the value of the GWF in individual locations fluctuates and does not depend on the size of the wastewater treatment plant from which the wastewater is discharged. At selected wastewater treatment plants, a sustainability assessment was carried out using the Water Pollution Level indicator. The values in all cases were below the level of 1.0, indicating sustainable discharge; only in two cases did values reach the defined threshold to question the potential of non-sustainable discharge. The study contributes to earlier studies on the GWF and enlarges knowledge regarding the GWF of CECs.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.04
Davor Kvočka, D. Žagar
Breakwaters are hydraulic structures designed to protect coastlines and coastal infrastructure, which are constantly exposed to the forces of the sea. Breakwaters are consequently subjected to a variety of hydrodynamic loads, wherefore breakwater stability must be prioritized during the breakwater design process. In this study, we examined the difference in the safety factor against overturning and sliding when the commonly used approach for calculating breakwater stability specified in BS 6349 was updated with the partial safety factors outlined in Eurocode 7. Our comparative analysis employed three different methods to calculate the hydrodynamic loads: the Sainflou method, the extended Goda method without the breakwater overtopping, and the extended Goda method with consideration of breakwater overtopping. The breakwater stability was calculated and compared for different breakwater widths, with constant wave parameters being used in all stability calculations. Within the stability calculations, we considered only overturning and sliding instability mechanisms. The obtained results show that there is no significant difference in the calculated breakwater stability coefficient between the two considered calculation procedures regardless of the method used for the calculation of the hydrodynamic loads. In order to develop a comprehensive approach for the calculation of breakwater stability based on the rules outlined in the Eurocodes, it would be necessary to determine the key processes and numerical models for calculating the stability of the foundation soil and to consider more precisely the impacts related to the breakwater shape and construction technique, construction materials, and local characteristics of the seabed.
{"title":"Stability of vertical breakwaters by applying the general rules of Eurocode 7","authors":"Davor Kvočka, D. Žagar","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Breakwaters are hydraulic structures designed to protect coastlines and coastal infrastructure, which are constantly exposed to the forces of the sea. Breakwaters are consequently subjected to a variety of hydrodynamic loads, wherefore breakwater stability must be prioritized during the breakwater design process. In this study, we examined the difference in the safety factor against overturning and sliding when the commonly used approach for calculating breakwater stability specified in BS 6349 was updated with the partial safety factors outlined in Eurocode 7. Our comparative analysis employed three different methods to calculate the hydrodynamic loads: the Sainflou method, the extended Goda method without the breakwater overtopping, and the extended Goda method with consideration of breakwater overtopping. The breakwater stability was calculated and compared for different breakwater widths, with constant wave parameters being used in all stability calculations. Within the stability calculations, we considered only overturning and sliding instability mechanisms. The obtained results show that there is no significant difference in the calculated breakwater stability coefficient between the two considered calculation procedures regardless of the method used for the calculation of the hydrodynamic loads. In order to develop a comprehensive approach for the calculation of breakwater stability based on the rules outlined in the Eurocodes, it would be necessary to determine the key processes and numerical models for calculating the stability of the foundation soil and to consider more precisely the impacts related to the breakwater shape and construction technique, construction materials, and local characteristics of the seabed.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47655404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.07
Parasto Karimi, P. Safaval, S. Behzadi, Zahra Azizi, Mir Zarkash, H. Kalashami
Today, there are varieties of methods for determining the risk of flooding in different areas of a catchment. However, the use of GIS-based weighting is receiving increasing attention among researchers. In early 2019, severe and continuous floods occurred in some provinces of Iran. Khorramabad was one of the cities most affected by the floods. Regrettably, during the construction development of Khorramabad city, the minimum distance from roads was violated. In this study, flood risks in the area were zoned using a GIS-weighted overlay algorithm. Flood zoning was done based on various maps indicating factors such as rainfall, distance from the waterway, soil composition, waterway density, slope, soil permeability, land use, and vegetation. The flooding area then was parceled into six categories with return periods of 10, 30, and 50 years. As a result, the city was divided into three critical areas in terms of flood risk. The results indicate that the confluence of the Karganeh and Khorram–Rud rivers lacks sufficient capacity to withstand and repel floods. As a result, the city will suffer severe damage in future floods.
{"title":"Flood Risk Zoning Using Geographical Information System Case Study: Khorramabad Flood in April 2019","authors":"Parasto Karimi, P. Safaval, S. Behzadi, Zahra Azizi, Mir Zarkash, H. Kalashami","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there are varieties of methods for determining the risk of flooding in different areas of a catchment. However, the use of GIS-based weighting is receiving increasing attention among researchers. In early 2019, severe and continuous floods occurred in some provinces of Iran. Khorramabad was one of the cities most affected by the floods. Regrettably, during the construction development of Khorramabad city, the minimum distance from roads was violated. In this study, flood risks in the area were zoned using a GIS-weighted overlay algorithm. Flood zoning was done based on various maps indicating factors such as rainfall, distance from the waterway, soil composition, waterway density, slope, soil permeability, land use, and vegetation. The flooding area then was parceled into six categories with return periods of 10, 30, and 50 years. As a result, the city was divided into three critical areas in terms of flood risk. The results indicate that the confluence of the Karganeh and Khorram–Rud rivers lacks sufficient capacity to withstand and repel floods. As a result, the city will suffer severe damage in future floods.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49387259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.06
Sabina Kolbl Repinc
This article outlines our investigation into the methane production of wastewater sludge (WWS) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a mixture of WWS with food waste (FW) and green cutting (GC). To determine the optimal mixture, two methane potential experiments were performed using the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II). In the first experiment, WWS and FW were used. The highest methane potential was measured in FW, and the lowest in WWS. The combination of both substrates did not approach the methane potential of FW (241.5 ± 15.7 mL CH4/g VS). In second experiment, we combined WWS and GC. The highest methane potential was obtained at 5.1% addition of GC to the WWS (relative to the organic load). This methane potential was 7.5% higher than the methane potential of WWS, which was 470 ± 17 mL CH4/g VS. We calculated the optimal mixture of both experiments using the simplex lattice design method. In experiment one, the model had relatively good fit to the measured values, however in the second experiment the differences were significant.
本文概述了我们对废水处理厂（WWTP）废水污泥（WWS）以及WWS与食物垃圾（FW）和绿色切割（GC）的混合物产生甲烷的调查。为了确定最佳混合物，使用自动甲烷电位测试系统（AMPTS II）进行了两次甲烷电位实验。在第一个实验中，使用WWS和FW。FW测得的甲烷潜能最高，WWS测得的最低。两种底物的组合没有接近FW的甲烷电位（241.5±15.7 mL CH4/g VS）。在第二个实验中，我们将WWS和GC相结合。在向WWS中加入5.1%的GC（相对于有机负载）时获得最高的甲烷潜力。该甲烷电位比WWS的甲烷电位（470±17 mL CH4/g VS）高7.5%。我们使用单纯形格设计方法计算了两个实验的最佳混合物。在第一个实验中，模型与测量值具有相对较好的拟合性，但在第二个实验中差异显著。
{"title":"Co-digestion of wastewater sludge with food waste and green cuttings: optimization of methane production","authors":"Sabina Kolbl Repinc","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines our investigation into the methane production of wastewater sludge (WWS) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a mixture of WWS with food waste (FW) and green cutting (GC). To determine the optimal mixture, two methane potential experiments were performed using the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II). In the first experiment, WWS and FW were used. The highest methane potential was measured in FW, and the lowest in WWS. The combination of both substrates did not approach the methane potential of FW (241.5 ± 15.7 mL CH4/g VS). In second experiment, we combined WWS and GC. The highest methane potential was obtained at 5.1% addition of GC to the WWS (relative to the organic load). This methane potential was 7.5% higher than the methane potential of WWS, which was 470 ± 17 mL CH4/g VS. We calculated the optimal mixture of both experiments using the simplex lattice design method. In experiment one, the model had relatively good fit to the measured values, however in the second experiment the differences were significant.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.02
A. Benamara, Sihem Hedjal, H. Bouguerra, Eddine Tachi Salah
This study was carried out to assess the state and quality of Hammam Meskoutine's thermal mineral water and its suitability for irrigation. To accomplish this, water samples from ten different thermal mineral springs were evaluated in February and June of 2016, respectively, in the region of Hammam Meskoutine in northeastern Algeria. The analyzed parameters are the water’s physical and chemical characteristics (temperature, pH and electrical conductivity) as measured in situ, and the dosing of the major components (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in the laboratory. Based on the chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters were calculated, e.g. the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), the percent of sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard (MH). The results showed the spring water there to be generally unsuitable for irrigation practices during the two sampling periods.
{"title":"Hydrochemical assessment of the quality of thermal mineral water for irrigation: The case of Hammam Meskoutine (northeast Algeria)","authors":"A. Benamara, Sihem Hedjal, H. Bouguerra, Eddine Tachi Salah","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to assess the state and quality of Hammam Meskoutine's thermal mineral water and its suitability for irrigation. To accomplish this, water samples from ten different thermal mineral springs were evaluated in February and June of 2016, respectively, in the region of Hammam Meskoutine in northeastern Algeria. The analyzed parameters are the water’s physical and chemical characteristics (temperature, pH and electrical conductivity) as measured in situ, and the dosing of the major components (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in the laboratory. Based on the chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters were calculated, e.g. the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), the percent of sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard (MH). The results showed the spring water there to be generally unsuitable for irrigation practices during the two sampling periods.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49218636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.01
Mateja Škerjanec
An automated approach to hydrologic and water quality modeling on a catchment scale is presented, one that automatically produces suitable models from domain modeling knowledge and measured data. An essential component of the methodology is the domain knowledge library, comprising knowledge on hydrological and nutrient loading processes and containing alternative formulations for some of them. The library is written in a formalism compatible with the equation discovery tool ProBMoT. Given a user specification of a modeling task, ProBMoT searches the space of alternative candidate models encoded in the library. The generated models are optimized against the provided measured data, and the best-fitted model is proposed as the most suitable for modeling the observed system. The methodology was applied to the Quarteira River catchment (Algarve, Portugal). Analysis of the average annual water balance, sediment yields, and nutrient loadings in the Quarteira River support the findings of the previous research work, while the ProBMoT results are comparable or better than the results obtained with the SWAT model.
{"title":"Automated catchment scale modelling of hydrological phenomena and water quality","authors":"Mateja Škerjanec","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"An automated approach to hydrologic and water quality modeling on a catchment scale is presented, one that automatically produces suitable models from domain modeling knowledge and measured data. An essential component of the methodology is the domain knowledge library, comprising knowledge on hydrological and nutrient loading processes and containing alternative formulations for some of them. The library is written in a formalism compatible with the equation discovery tool ProBMoT. Given a user specification of a modeling task, ProBMoT searches the space of alternative candidate models encoded in the library. The generated models are optimized against the provided measured data, and the best-fitted model is proposed as the most suitable for modeling the observed system. The methodology was applied to the Quarteira River catchment (Algarve, Portugal). Analysis of the average annual water balance, sediment yields, and nutrient loadings in the Quarteira River support the findings of the previous research work, while the ProBMoT results are comparable or better than the results obtained with the SWAT model.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.03
O. Bonacci
This paper discusses the highly topical issue of forming and using hydrological models. Their significance in water resource management and achieving sustainable development goals is underlined, particularly in the context of climate change. Some shortcomings in hydrological process modelling are pointed out, ones that can significantly affect the probability of achieving reliable results. Given the important role water plays, it is necessary to understand the complexity of producing hydrological models. Indeed, hydrological models themselves play an important role, and they must as such meet several important assumptions. Above all, they must consistently follow the basic principles of hydrology. We find that contemporary modelling technology (computer use, rapid development of numerical methods, use of state-of-the-art monitoring techniques) has strongly surpassed the level of our knowledge regarding physical hydrological processes and their interactions with the living and non-living environments that we aim to model. The complexity of the procedures and the problem of transferring information from one dimension to another in space and/or time have been highlighted. The need for further development of hydrological models, involving strict verification of the results provided by these models, has been underlined.
{"title":"Hydrological Models","authors":"O. Bonacci","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the highly topical issue of forming and using hydrological models. Their significance in water resource management and achieving sustainable development goals is underlined, particularly in the context of climate change. Some shortcomings in hydrological process modelling are pointed out, ones that can significantly affect the probability of achieving reliable results. Given the important role water plays, it is necessary to understand the complexity of producing hydrological models. Indeed, hydrological models themselves play an important role, and they must as such meet several important assumptions. Above all, they must consistently follow the basic principles of hydrology. We find that contemporary modelling technology (computer use, rapid development of numerical methods, use of state-of-the-art monitoring techniques) has strongly surpassed the level of our knowledge regarding physical hydrological processes and their interactions with the living and non-living environments that we aim to model. The complexity of the procedures and the problem of transferring information from one dimension to another in space and/or time have been highlighted. The need for further development of hydrological models, involving strict verification of the results provided by these models, has been underlined.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.05
Lea Kostevc, M. Kobold, M. Šraj
The fluctuations between minimum, mean, and high flows in Slovenia are significant, and in recent decades the influence of climate variability is also evident. Due to the lack of precipitation and its uneven temporal and spatial distribution, drought is a growing problem in Slovenia, while on the other hand, the number of extreme flood events is increasing. In the study, the regional diversity and seasonality of characteristic flows, namely mean low (sQnp), mean (sQs), and peak flows (vQvk) from 50 gauging stations are analyzed for the period 1960–2018, applying both an annual and monthly time scale. The ratios between the characteristic flows are calculated, and the results are evaluated both temporally and spatially. The range of values of the ratio vQvk/sQnp varies from about 20 to 1000, while the range of values of the ratio sQs/sQnp is between 2 and 20. Hierarchical clustering of gauging stations for mean low (sQnp) and mean flows (sQs) gave similar results, i.e. gauging stations were clustered into five equal groups in both cases. In the case of hierarchical clustering of gauging stations according to the values of peak flows (vQvk), four groups were formed. However, we can conclude that individual groups are difficult to define spatially in all cases.
{"title":"Analysis of seasonal and spatial variability of river flow characteristics in Slovenia","authors":"Lea Kostevc, M. Kobold, M. Šraj","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"The fluctuations between minimum, mean, and high flows in Slovenia are significant, and in recent decades the influence of climate variability is also evident. Due to the lack of precipitation and its uneven temporal and spatial distribution, drought is a growing problem in Slovenia, while on the other hand, the number of extreme flood events is increasing. In the study, the regional diversity and seasonality of characteristic flows, namely mean low (sQnp), mean (sQs), and peak flows (vQvk) from 50 gauging stations are analyzed for the period 1960–2018, applying both an annual and monthly time scale. The ratios between the characteristic flows are calculated, and the results are evaluated both temporally and spatially. The range of values of the ratio vQvk/sQnp varies from about 20 to 1000, while the range of values of the ratio sQs/sQnp is between 2 and 20. Hierarchical clustering of gauging stations for mean low (sQnp) and mean flows (sQs) gave similar results, i.e. gauging stations were clustered into five equal groups in both cases. In the case of hierarchical clustering of gauging stations according to the values of peak flows (vQvk), four groups were formed. However, we can conclude that individual groups are difficult to define spatially in all cases.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46547870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15292/acta.hydro.2021.09
M. Klun, D. Zupan, A. Kryzanowski
The ageing of dams is one of the major challenges in specifically Slovenian and generally global dam engineering. Dams are exposed to environmental (climate) changes, as well as time-dependent effects, such as changes in the operating schedules of dams intended primarily for hydroelectric production. These changes can accelerate dams’ ageing and lead to a decrease in their structural and operational safety. Dams are an important part of the infrastructure, as they bring about numerous benefits and at the same time they are also sources of risk. For example, in the event of partial or total failure they pose significant risk to downstream areas. Aging of dams, preserving their functionality, and maintaining their structural health are currently the main challenges of dam engineering. The mean age of Slovenian dams is already over 40 years, although Slovenia is not unique in this situation. In this paper there is presented a novel methodology to monitor structural health of concrete dams, with the use of noncontact and contact measurements through observation of structural vibrations. We present the in-situ experiment on the Brežice dam that began during the dam’s construction and continued into the first year of its operation.
{"title":"Structural health monitoring of concrete gravity dams","authors":"M. Klun, D. Zupan, A. Kryzanowski","doi":"10.15292/acta.hydro.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"The ageing of dams is one of the major challenges in specifically Slovenian and generally global dam engineering. Dams are exposed to environmental (climate) changes, as well as time-dependent effects, such as changes in the operating schedules of dams intended primarily for hydroelectric production. These changes can accelerate dams’ ageing and lead to a decrease in their structural and operational safety. Dams are an important part of the infrastructure, as they bring about numerous benefits and at the same time they are also sources of risk. For example, in the event of partial or total failure they pose significant risk to downstream areas. Aging of dams, preserving their functionality, and maintaining their structural health are currently the main challenges of dam engineering. The mean age of Slovenian dams is already over 40 years, although Slovenia is not unique in this situation. In this paper there is presented a novel methodology to monitor structural health of concrete dams, with the use of noncontact and contact measurements through observation of structural vibrations. We present the in-situ experiment on the Brežice dam that began during the dam’s construction and continued into the first year of its operation.","PeriodicalId":36671,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrotechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41792108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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