HardwareX最新文献_第8页

Design and implementation of three-phases energy storage system using DSP F28379D for laboratory research 基于DSP F28379D的三相储能系统的设计与实现进行了实验室研究

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00675

Hoai Phong Nguyen , Thuan Thanh Nguyen , Minh Phuong Le , Minh Tan Tran , Cong Duy Pham

This paper presents the hardware design for a three-phases energy storage system connected to the grid through a safe isolation transformer, suitable for use in university laboratory experiments. The power hardware configuration includes a bidirectional DC/DC buck-boost converter and a bidirectional 3-phase 6-switch DC/AC converter. Additionally, the control board uses the Texas Instruments DSP F28379D with a charging-discharging control program written in C programming language and compiled with Code Composer Studio (CCS v12). The current and voltage sensing circuits use Hall-effect sensors to isolate the power circuit from the control circuit. A unique aspect of this research is the modular design, allowing for quick and easy upgrades and changes to the configuration and power capacity, facilitating the testing of control algorithms for the storage system. Experiments were conducted on a 3-phase 380(V) power grid through an isolation transformer and a simulated battery bank powered by the APS1000 amplifier, with a 100(V) output voltage controlled in charging mode from the grid and discharging mode to the grid at a controlled power of 230(W). The results show that the hardware model can be used effectively in laboratory settings to serve educational needs.

本文介绍了一种适用于高校实验室实验的、经安全隔离变压器并网的三相储能系统的硬件设计。电源硬件配置包括双向DC/DC降压-升压转换器和双向三相6开关DC/AC转换器。此外，控制板采用德州仪器DSP F28379D，采用C语言编写充放电控制程序，并使用Code Composer Studio （CCS v12）编译。电流和电压传感电路使用霍尔效应传感器将电源电路与控制电路隔离开来。本研究的一个独特方面是模块化设计，允许快速轻松地升级和更改配置和功率容量，促进存储系统控制算法的测试。实验通过隔离变压器和APS1000放大器供电的模拟蓄电池组在三相380(V)电网上进行，控制输出电压为100(V)，从电网充电模式和向电网放电模式，控制功率为230(W)。结果表明，该硬件模型可以有效地用于实验室环境，以满足教学需求。

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引用次数: 0

Open-source tubing-free impeller pump platform for controlled recirculating fluid flow for microfluidics and organs-on-chip 开源无管叶轮泵平台，用于微流体和芯片上器官的受控再循环流体流动

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00673

Sophie R. Cook , Erin E. Lawrence , Parastoo Sakinejad , Rebecca R. Pompano

Fluid flow is utilized in many microscale technologies, including microfluidic chemical reactors, diagnostics, and organs-on-chip (OOCs). In particular, OOCs may rely on fluid flow for nutrient delivery, cellular communication, and application of shear stress. In order for microscale flow systems to be readily adopted by non-experts, a tubing-free, user-friendly pump would be useful, particularly one that is simple to use, affordable, and compatible with cell culture incubators. To address these needs, here we share the design and fabrication of an impeller pump platform that provides recirculating fluid flow through a microfluidic loop without the need for tubing connections. Flow is driven by rotating a magnetic stir bar or 3D-printed impeller in a pump well, using magnets mounted on a DC motor. The DC motors used produce negligible heat output in a compact system, making it compatible with cell culture incubators. The pump platform accommodates user-defined microfluidic or OOC device geometries, which may be easily customized by 3D printing. Furthermore, the system is easily assembled from low-cost materials and simple circuitry by someone with no prior training. We demonstrate the ability of the platform to drive recirculating fluid flow in a microfluidic device at well-characterized flow velocities ranging from µm/s to mm/s for use with microfluidic technologies. Though designed with OOCs in mind, we envision that this platform will enable users from ranging disciplines to incorporate fluid flow in customized microscale technologies.

流体流动在许多微尺度技术中都有应用，包括微流体化学反应器、诊断和器官芯片（ooc）。特别是，OOCs可能依赖流体流动来输送营养物质、细胞通讯和施加剪切应力。为了使微流量系统易于被非专家采用，无管，用户友好的泵将是有用的，特别是使用简单，价格合理，并与细胞培养孵化器兼容的泵。为了满足这些需求，我们在这里分享了叶轮泵平台的设计和制造，该平台可以在不需要管道连接的情况下通过微流体回路提供再循环流体流动。流动是通过旋转泵井中的磁性搅拌棒或3d打印叶轮来驱动的，使用安装在直流电机上的磁铁。在一个紧凑的系统中使用的直流电机产生可忽略不计的热量输出，使其与细胞培养孵化器兼容。泵平台可容纳用户定义的微流体或OOC设备几何形状，可以通过3D打印轻松定制。此外，该系统很容易由低成本的材料和简单的电路组装而成，无需事先培训。我们展示了该平台在微流控设备中驱动再循环流体流动的能力，其特征流速范围从µm/s到mm/s，用于微流控技术。虽然在设计时考虑到了ooc，但我们设想该平台将使来自不同学科的用户能够将流体流动融入定制的微尺度技术中。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature string device (TSD): A new low-cost instrument for sea ice observations in remote areas 温度串仪（TSD）：一种用于偏远地区海冰观测的新型低成本仪器

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00668

Lasse Alexander Nissen Pedersen , Jeppe Don , Claus Melvad , Søren Rysgaard

Warmer conditions in the Arctic regions are causing sea ice to melt. Sea ice plays critical roles in reflecting solar radiation, mitigating heat absorption and slowing temperature rise. However, the reduction in annual sea ice formation, driven by rising temperatures, contributes to a positive feedback loop that accelerates further warming. This underscores the importance of monitoring seasonal sea ice growth. To address this need, a Temperature String Device has been developed. This innovative, low-cost, compact, and customizable solution is designed for easy deployment, requiring just one person or even a robot for non-human deployment. The device measures temperature throughout the sea ice and transmits data in real-time to the cloud, enabling immediate analysis to estimate sea ice thickness. Its default configuration collects 30 data points over a 3-meter depth at 30-minute intervals and remains operational for up to one year. Its affordability allows production of multiple units, enabling widespread deployment and enhancing spatial resolution. Furthermore, its suitability for robotic deployments makes it ideal for remote, inaccessible locations, facilitating simultaneous monitoring.

北极地区气候变暖导致海冰融化。海冰在反射太阳辐射、减少热量吸收和减缓温度上升方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在气温上升的推动下，每年海冰形成的减少促成了一个加速进一步变暖的正反馈循环。这强调了监测季节性海冰增长的重要性。为了满足这一需求，开发了一种温度串装置。这种创新的、低成本的、紧凑的、可定制的解决方案是为易于部署而设计的，只需要一个人，甚至一个机器人就可以进行非人工部署。该设备测量整个海冰的温度，并将数据实时传输到云端，从而可以立即分析估算海冰厚度。它的默认配置是每隔30分钟收集3米深度的30个数据点，并保持运行长达一年。其可负担性允许生产多个单元，从而实现广泛部署并提高空间分辨率。此外，它对机器人部署的适用性使其成为远程，难以接近的位置的理想选择，便于同时监控。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost, LoRa GNSS tracker for wildlife monitoring 用于野生动物监测的低成本LoRa GNSS追踪器

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00669

Adam F. Parlin , Ned A. Horning , Jason P. Alstad , Bradley J. Cosentino , James P. Gibbs

The advent of GNSS tracking has allowed researchers to obtain detailed information on animal movement, which informs basic natural history and conservation management decisions. However, many devices are tailored to specific taxa thus limiting broader applicability. We present an open-source LoRaWAN (long range wide area network) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tracker, and an alternative commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) development board global positioning system (GPS) tracker, a subset of the GNSS system. The COTS development board tracker provides a pathway for designing and implementing a general purpose LoRaWAN tracking unit, while the advantages of the Wildlife Movement Institute (WMI) tracker permit specific animal tracking and additional information to be collected, such as battery voltage, estimated precision error, and received signal strength intensity. Both units have documentation for setting up a LoRa application and network server and can be easily programmed using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment. To test the utility of these trackers in a LoRa data transmission application, we pilot tested the units on Eastern gray squirrels in Syracuse, New York, USA. Our trackers highlight the capability for customizable, open-source tracking technology that can be tailored to a suite of study organisms allowing researchers to design, develop, and deploy low-cost, specialized wildlife tracking equipment.

全球导航卫星系统追踪的出现使研究人员能够获得动物运动的详细信息，从而为基本的自然历史和保护管理决策提供信息。然而，许多设备是为特定的分类群量身定制的，因此限制了更广泛的适用性。我们提出了一个开源的LoRaWAN（远程广域网）全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）跟踪器，以及一个可替代的商用现货（COTS）开发板全球定位系统（GPS）跟踪器，这是GNSS系统的一个子集。COTS开发板跟踪器为设计和实现通用的LoRaWAN跟踪单元提供了一条途径，而野生动物运动研究所（WMI）跟踪器的优点是允许特定的动物跟踪和收集额外的信息，如电池电压、估计精度误差和接收信号强度。这两个单元都有关于设置LoRa应用程序和网络服务器的文档，可以使用Arduino集成开发环境轻松编程。为了测试这些跟踪器在LoRa数据传输应用中的实用性，我们在美国纽约州锡拉丘兹的东部灰松鼠身上进行了试点测试。我们的跟踪器突出了可定制的、开源的跟踪技术的能力，可以针对一套研究生物进行定制，使研究人员能够设计、开发和部署低成本的专业野生动物跟踪设备。

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引用次数: 0

Respiratory pressure and flow data collection device providing a framework for closed-loop mechanical ventilation 提供闭环机械通气框架的呼吸压力和流量数据采集装置

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00671

Samuel Hastings, Jacob Mildenhall, Kayla Sinclair, Ella F.S. Guy, Jaimey A. Clifton, Jordan F. Hill, Yunpeng Su, J. Geoffrey Chase

This article details a pressure and flow sensor system device which enables a framework for the research and development of personalized mechanical ventilator support in a closed-loop or semi-closed-loop control system, where the measurements from this device could be hooked to digital twin models and any ventilator allowing open control.

In current practice, patient response to mechanical ventilation is highly variable. Furthermore, current weaning best-practice relies on clinical experience which can lead to variability and inequality in both care and health outcomes. Personalized care can improve these inequalities in care due to patient variability when combined with digital twin models, which simulate physiology based on patient specific data, by improving the level of care possible in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit), regardless of clinician experience and/or patient variability.

The device consists of two 3D printed custom Venturis and a Y-piece, with differential pressure sensors measuring gauge, inhalation, and exhalation pressure at the patient. The sensor system has an operating range of ±50.8 cmH₂O and a mean error in flow data of 3.2%. The system uses BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication between ESP32-S3 development boards to facilitate the closed loop framework. Within this loop, pressure data is sent to a digital beside sheet, which runs digital twin protocols and sends commands to a BLE controlled ventilator. Overall, this device allows the future development and validation of personalized mechanical ventilation treatment through integration with digital twin models.

本文详细介绍了一种压力和流量传感器系统设备，该设备为研究和开发闭环或半闭环控制系统中的个性化机械呼吸机支持提供了框架，其中该设备的测量可以连接到数字孪生模型和任何允许开放控制的呼吸机。在目前的实践中，患者对机械通气的反应是高度可变的。此外，目前的断奶最佳做法依赖于临床经验，这可能导致护理和健康结果的可变性和不平等。当与数字孪生模型（基于患者特定数据模拟生理）相结合时，个性化护理可以通过提高ICU（重症监护病房）的护理水平，而不考虑临床医生经验和/或患者的可变性，从而改善由于患者可变性而导致的护理不平等。该设备由两个3D打印定制文丘里管和一个y形片组成，带有差压传感器，可测量患者的压力表、吸气和呼气压力。传感器系统的工作范围为±50.8 cmH2O，流量数据的平均误差为3.2%。系统在ESP32-S3开发板之间采用BLE （Bluetooth Low Energy）通信，实现闭环框架。在这个循环中，压力数据被发送到一个数字侧表，该侧表运行数字孪生协议，并向BLE控制的呼吸机发送命令。总体而言，该设备通过与数字双胞胎模型集成，允许个性化机械通气治疗的未来发展和验证。

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引用次数: 0

MDT: A simple tool to facilitate dropcasting on in situ TEM MEMS chips MDT：一种简单的工具，可以方便地在原位TEM MEMS芯片上进行投影

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00666

Matthias Quintelier, Joke Hadermann

In situ transmission electron microscopy with holders based on the use of micro-electromechanical systems provides valuable insights into material kinetics, yet sample preparation remains complex due to fragile silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) windows and the risk of leaks and contamination during dropcasting. This results in failed experiments and increases experimental costs. This paper introduces the MEMS Dropcasting Tool (MDT), a cost-effective, in-house 3D-printable solution that confines the droplet to a specific area, preventing particle migration under the O-ring and reducing contamination risks at the inlet and outlet ports of closed cell chip holders.

基于使用微机电系统的固定器的原位透射电子显微镜提供了对材料动力学的有价值的见解，但由于易碎的氮化硅（Si3N4）窗口以及在铸造过程中泄漏和污染的风险，样品制备仍然很复杂。这导致实验失败，增加了实验成本。本文介绍了MEMS投影工具（MDT），这是一种具有成本效益的内部3d打印解决方案，可将液滴限制在特定区域，防止o形环下的颗粒迁移，并降低封闭单元芯片支架进出口端口的污染风险。

引用次数: 0

Exoskeleton for Upper Limb Rehabilitation (EULR) with 3D printing technology based on force sensor 基于力传感器的3D打印外骨骼上肢康复（EULR）

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00665

Triwiyanto Triwiyanto , Levana Forra Wakidi , I. Putu Alit Pawana

The paper addresses the significant challenge of limited accessibility and high costs associated with commercial exoskeletons for hand rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with low to middle incomes. The aim of this study is to design and develop a low-cost, 3D-printed hand exoskeleton that integrates force sensor technology, providing a more adaptable solution for rehabilitation. The methodology involves creating a prototype that combines 3D printing with real-time monitoring of upper limb (elbow) movements and forces, ensuring personalized treatment for patients. The design incorporates a lightweight structure, powered by a rechargeable LiPo battery, and utilizes mini ESP32 microcontrollers to collect the sensor parameters and drive the servo motor, enhancing user experience and functionality. Results indicate that the proposed exoskeleton significantly reduces costs to approximately 98.4 US$ per unit, compared to existing products priced above 1,500 USD. The mean root mean square error (RMSE) for the exoskeleton’s finger movements was measured at 0.498° ± 0.709°, demonstrating high accuracy in tracking hand movements. The mean linearity error of load cell across all data points was 0.2292 %. These results indicate that the load cell maintains good linearity and accuracy within the calibrated range, and is suitable for precise force measurements in static applications. Additionally, the integration of force sensors allows for precise feedback during rehabilitation exercises, promoting better outcomes. The study concludes that this innovative approach not only makes hand rehabilitation more accessible but also encourages further research and development in the field. By providing an open-source design, the research fosters collaboration among researchers and developers, paving the way for future enhancements and adaptations of the exoskeleton to meet diverse patient needs. Overall, this work contributes to advancing rehabilitation technology, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals recovering from neuromuscular disorders.

本文解决了与商业外骨骼相关的手部康复的有限可及性和高成本的重大挑战，特别是对于低收入到中等收入的个人。本研究的目的是设计和开发一种低成本的3d打印手外骨骼，该外骨骼集成了力传感器技术，为康复提供了更具适应性的解决方案。该方法包括创建一个原型，将3D打印与上肢（肘部）运动和力量的实时监测相结合，确保患者的个性化治疗。该设计采用轻量级结构，由可充电的LiPo电池供电，并利用迷你ESP32微控制器收集传感器参数并驱动伺服电机，从而增强用户体验和功能。结果表明，与现有价格在1,500美元以上的产品相比，拟议的外骨骼显着降低了大约98.4美元/单位的成本。外骨骼手指运动的均方根误差（RMSE）为0.498°±0.709°，具有较高的手部运动跟踪精度。测压元件在所有数据点上的平均线性误差为0.2292%。结果表明，该传感器在标定范围内保持了良好的线性度和精度，适用于静态应用中的精确力测量。此外，力传感器的集成允许在康复训练期间精确反馈，促进更好的结果。这项研究的结论是，这种创新的方法不仅使手部康复更容易实现，而且还鼓励了该领域的进一步研究和发展。通过提供开源设计，该研究促进了研究人员和开发人员之间的合作，为未来外骨骼的增强和适应铺平了道路，以满足不同患者的需求。总的来说，这项工作有助于推进康复技术，最终提高从神经肌肉疾病中恢复的个体的生活质量。

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引用次数: 0

Open Lab Starter Kit Small Laser V2–an open source Fab lab produced laser cutter 开放实验室入门套件小型激光v2 -一个开源Fab实验室生产的激光切割机

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00664

Daniele Ingrassia , Gaia Di Martino , J.C. Mariscal-Melgar , Mohammed Omer , Liane Sayuri Honda , Luisa Lange , Marc Kohlen , Manuel Moritz , Tobias Redlich

The rise of Open Source manufacturing ecosystems is a multifaceted phenomenon, fueled by the proliferation of digital fabrication technologies, the collaborative spirit of the Open Source movement, and the creation of spaces like hackerspaces, and fab-labs. Part of the efforts is the Open Lab Starter Kit (OLSK), a set of machines designed to lower the barriers to entry for everyone. The OLSK Small Laser V2, an integral component of the OLSK, represents the second phase of design and prototyping within the scope of an Open Source Laser Cutter initiative. Being reproducibility and accessibility central goal of the OLSK, great attention was given not only to the design of the hardware, but also to the development of comprehensive documentation. The documentation, encompassing repositories and assembly manuals, assumes a pivotal role within the project framework, aiming to facilitate swift reproduction and user-friendly accessibility. Functionally, the OLSK Small Laser V2 is comparable with mainstream off-the-shelf laser cutters, demonstrating proficient cutting capabilities across commonly processed materials compatible with a 40 W CO₂ laser cutter, such as plywood, acrylics and Medium-Density Fiberboard (MFD), with a cutting area of 400 mm x 600 mm.

开源制造生态系统的兴起是一个多方面的现象，由数字制造技术的扩散、开源运动的协作精神以及黑客空间和fab-labs等空间的创建推动。开放实验室入门工具包（OLSK）是这些努力的一部分，这是一套旨在降低每个人进入门槛的机器。OLSK小型激光V2是OLSK的一个组成部分，代表了开源激光切割机倡议范围内的设计和原型设计的第二阶段。作为OLSK的再现性和可访问性的中心目标，不仅对硬件的设计给予了极大的关注，而且对全面文档的开发也给予了极大的关注。文档，包括存储库和汇编手册，在项目框架中扮演着关键角色，旨在促进快速复制和用户友好访问。在功能上，OLSK小型激光V2可与主流的现成激光切割机相媲美，展示了与40w CO2激光切割机兼容的常见加工材料的熟练切割能力，例如胶合板，丙烯酸和中密度纤维板（MFD），切割面积为400mm x 600mm。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost 3D-printed mask system for versatile selective sample deposition on in situ TEM chips 低成本的3d打印掩膜系统，用于多用途的选择性样品沉积在原位TEM芯片上

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00663

Deema Balalta, Sara Bals

In situ liquid electron microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for studying dynamic processes at the nanoscale. However, selective deposition of samples on in situ biasing MEMS chips is far from straightforward due to the relatively small area of the electron-transparent window and the compact design of the three electrodes. This is particularly challenging for samples dispersed in solvents or those fabricated through physical vapor deposition. Here, we address these challenges by proposing a simple, low-cost, 3D-printed loading stage with an integrated mask system. Our design enables controlled deposition, as demonstrated by the successful deposition of AuPdPt nanoparticles from liquid suspension, sputtered Au clusters, and a cluster-based Au thin film onto the working electrode. The design can be easily fabricated in any electron microscopy lab, making it accessible and adaptable to various MEMS in situ chips and sample types.

原位液体电子显微镜已经成为研究纳米尺度动态过程的一种强有力的技术。然而，由于电子透明窗口的面积相对较小以及三个电极的紧凑设计，在原位偏置MEMS芯片上选择性沉积样品远非直截了当。这对于分散在溶剂中的样品或通过物理气相沉积制备的样品尤其具有挑战性。在这里，我们通过提出一个简单的，低成本的，3d打印的装载阶段与集成的掩模系统来解决这些挑战。我们的设计实现了可控的沉积，成功地从液体悬浮液中沉积了AuPdPt纳米颗粒，溅射了金簇，并在工作电极上形成了基于簇的金薄膜。该设计可以在任何电子显微镜实验室中轻松制造，使其易于访问并适应各种MEMS原位芯片和样品类型。

引用次数: 0

Naturalight: A controlled illuminated environment to study light exposure impact on behavior and cognition in freely moving rats 自然光：一个受控的照明环境，研究光照对自由运动大鼠行为和认知的影响

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00662

Christophe Hecquet , Maylis Etcheberry , Nadine Ravel , Philippe Litaudon , Frédéric Pain

In humans, scientific studies have shown that the increased use of screens at night and prolonged exposure to artificial light, particularly blue light, can significantly disrupt the organization of sleep-wake cycles and the functions that depend on them like memory. In rodents, moderate and even weak exposures to light have been shown to have various and either detrimental or beneficial effects on circadian rhythms, behavior, cognition. Yet, scattered and sometimes opposite effects are reported in the literature, which is largely attributed to differences in experimental conditions, especially on the definition and evaluation of the actual dose of light received. To address this issue, we have built an enclosure with controlled and characterized illumination. It can be used as a standalone experimental environment or eventually connected to naturalistic environment where several animals live constantly and interact freely within several housing modules, including the controlled illumination one.

对人类来说，科学研究表明，夜间使用屏幕的时间增加，以及长时间暴露在人造光（尤其是蓝光）下，会严重破坏睡眠-觉醒周期的组织，以及依赖于这些周期的功能，比如记忆。在啮齿类动物中，适度甚至微弱的光照已被证明对昼夜节律、行为和认知产生各种有害或有益的影响。然而，文献中报道了散射效应，有时是相反的效应，这在很大程度上归因于实验条件的差异，特别是对实际接收光剂量的定义和评估。为了解决这个问题，我们建立了一个具有控制和特征照明的外壳。它可以作为一个独立的实验环境，也可以最终连接到一个自然的环境中，在这个环境中，几只动物不断地生活在几个住房模块中，自由地相互作用，包括控制照明的一个。

引用次数: 0