Materials & Design最新文献

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Microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of Cr1-xNbx and (Cr1-xNbx)Ny coatings for harsh-environment applications Cr1-xNbx和（Cr1-xNbx）Ny涂层在恶劣环境下的显微组织、力学和腐蚀性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115620

Sagar Jathar , Chaimaa Fikry , Olivier Donzel-Gargand , Sanath Kumar Honnali , Alireza Farhadizadeh , Arnaud le Febvrier , Rebecka Lindblad , Magnus Odén , Leif Nyholm , Per Eklund

Chromium-based coatings are of interest for applications in harsh environments due to their high hardness and excellent resistance to corrosion. However, coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering often exhibit columnar microstructure which can compromise their performance by promoting porosity and reducing mechanical integrity. In this work, we present an approach to overcome this limitation by alloying Cr with Nb and N, forming (Cr_1-xNb_x)N_y films. Increasing Nb content in Cr_1-xNb_x films (0.19 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) led to an X-ray amorphous microstructure, confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, while hardness remains ∼8 to 11 GPa regardless of Nb content. Adding N to Nb-containing films (0.19 < x < 0.55) produced a nanocrystalline, denser microstructure with reduced column width, resulting in a ∼66 % higher hardness (∼15 GPa) than the metallic films. Electrochemical measurements show enhanced passivity of Nb-containing coatings above 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, attributed to the suppression of soluble Cr⁶⁺ species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that Nb₂O₅ could oxidize soluble species in the electrolyte forming NbO₂ on the surface. These findings show how Nb and N additions can tailor the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of (Cr_1-xNb_x)N_y films.

铬基涂层由于其高硬度和优异的耐腐蚀性而在恶劣环境中应用。然而，磁控溅射沉积的涂层通常呈现柱状微观结构，这可能会通过增加孔隙率和降低机械完整性而影响其性能。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种克服这一限制的方法，通过将Cr与Nb和N合金化，形成（Cr1-xNbx）Ny薄膜。通过x射线衍射和高分辨率透射电镜证实，增加Cr1-xNbx薄膜中Nb含量（0.19≤x≤0.55），导致x射线无定形微观结构，而无论Nb含量如何，硬度保持在~ 8至11 GPa。在含铌薄膜（0.19 < x < 0.55）中添加N，可以产生纳米晶，更致密的微观结构，柱宽减小，导致硬度比金属薄膜高约66%（约15 GPa）。电化学测量表明，与Ag/AgCl相比，1 V以上含nb涂层的钝化性增强，这是由于抑制了可溶性Cr6+物质。x射线光电子能谱结果表明，Nb2O5可以氧化电解质中的可溶性物质，在表面形成NbO2。这些发现表明Nb和N的添加可以改变（Cr1-xNbx）Ny薄膜的微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀性。

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引用次数: 0

New understanding on the pearlite-induced brittle failure of bimetal composite interface 双金属复合界面珠光体脆性破坏新认识

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115549

Lisong Zhu , Fanghui Jia , Hao Liu , Daiyan Zhao , Muyuan Zhou , Sihai Jiao , Haibo Xie , Jian Han , Jingru Yan , Zhengyi Jiang

The pearlite–austenite interface is the primary cause of brittle failure of the Mn8/SS400 bimetal composite. Here, we present new microstructural understandings on this interfacial brittle failure. The transformation-induced stress from pearlite formation, coupled with thermal stress during cooling, generates complex stacking fault (SF) configurations within adjacent austenite grains. Specifically, V-shape, Z-shape, W-shape, and mesh-shape SFs are observed near grain boundaries, while multi-directional stresses in the grain interior promote the formation of multi-layer nanotwins, X-shape, and U-shape SFs. These intricate SF configurations form locking structures that severely restrict plastic deformation and enhance local stress concentration. Consequently, widespread intergranular fracture dominates, accompanied by a few cleavage fractures. These findings reveal a critical microstructural mechanism underlying brittle failure and provide new insights into interface design strategies for improving composite toughness.

珠光体-奥氏体界面是导致Mn8/SS400双金属复合材料脆性破坏的主要原因。在此，我们对这种界面脆性破坏提出了新的微观结构理解。珠光体形成的相变诱发应力，加上冷却过程中的热应力，在邻近的奥氏体晶粒中产生复杂的层错（SF）构型。其中，晶界附近形成了v形、z形、w形和网格形的纳米孪晶，而晶粒内部的多向应力促进了多层纳米孪晶、x形和u形纳米孪晶的形成。这些复杂的SF结构形成了锁紧结构，严重限制了塑性变形并增强了局部应力集中。因此，以广泛分布的晶间断裂为主，并伴有少量解理断裂。这些发现揭示了脆性破坏的关键微观结构机制，并为提高复合材料韧性的界面设计策略提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of grain size on impact and bonding behavior of metallic microparticles 晶粒尺寸对金属微粒冲击和结合行为的影响

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115615

Jianxiong Li , Gil-Ju Na , Yuji Ichikawa , Mostafa Hassani

Extrinsic parameters such as particle size influence the impact-induced bonding behavior of metallic microparticles, with larger particles generally exhibiting lower critical bonding velocities than smaller ones. However, the impact of intrinsic parameters such as particle grain size on impact and bonding behavior for a given particle size remains unclear. In this work, we study this effect using laser-induced microparticle impact tests (LIPIT), where similar-sized Al particles with two distinct initial grain sizes—single-crystal (SC) and polycrystalline (∼4.5 µm grain size)—were impacted onto a SC Al substrate. The results indicate that, although rebound mechanics at low velocities are influenced by the initial grain size, the critical conditions for bonding remain largely unaffected. This finding is counterintuitive, as variations in the initial grain size would be expected to alter material strength and, consequently, the extent of plastic deformation in both the particle and substrate. Instead, we find that extensive impact-induced microstructural evolution near the interface dominates the response, erasing the differences between the two initial states at the critical bonding velocity. This finding is confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) studies, which reveal similar bonding quality and comparable microstructural evolution near the bonded interfaces.

颗粒尺寸等外部参数影响金属微粒的碰撞诱导键合行为，较大的颗粒通常比较小的颗粒具有更低的临界键合速度。然而，对于给定的颗粒尺寸，内部参数如颗粒粒度对冲击和键合行为的影响尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们使用激光诱导微粒冲击试验（LIPIT）研究了这种效应，其中具有两种不同初始晶粒尺寸的相似尺寸的Al颗粒-单晶（SC）和多晶（~ 4.5 μ m晶粒尺寸）-被冲击到SC Al衬底上。结果表明，虽然低速回弹力学受到初始晶粒尺寸的影响，但键合的临界条件基本不受影响。这一发现是违反直觉的，因为预计初始晶粒尺寸的变化会改变材料的强度，从而改变颗粒和基体的塑性变形程度。相反，我们发现界面附近广泛的冲击引起的微观结构演变主导了响应，消除了临界键合速度下两种初始状态之间的差异。透射电镜（TEM）和透射菊池衍射（TKD）研究证实了这一发现，它们显示出相似的键合质量和键合界面附近相似的微观结构演变。

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引用次数: 0

Interface engineering of Pt–ZnO–CeO2 by atomic layer deposition for advanced applications 原子层沉积Pt-ZnO-CeO2的界面工程

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115640

Anastasiia Efremova , Gergő Ballai , Ákos Szamosvölgyi , Imre Szenti , Bence Kutus , János Kiss , András Sápi , Ákos Kukovecz , Zoltán Kónya

The precise design of metal-oxide interfaces in heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for optimizing activity and selectivity in reactions such as ethanol decomposition. In this study, Pt_ZnO_CeO₂ composite catalysts were synthesized via atomic layer deposition (ALD) with systematically varied ZnO loadings to investigate the influence of support structure on platinum nucleation, interfacial properties, and catalytic performance. High-resolution TEM, XPS, ICP-MS reveal that ZnO strongly affects Pt growth, leading to non-monotonic trends in nanoparticle size, dispersion, and loading. These structural effects translate into distinct electronic interactions at Pt/CeO₂, ZnO/CeO₂ and Pt/ZnO interfaces, as reflected by XPS analysis. To probe the catalytic relevance of these interfaces, ethanol decomposition was employed as an interface-sensitive reaction. The results demonstrated that moderate ZnO loading (3–5 cycles) generated a Pt/ZnO/CeO₂ interface, that significantly increased ethanol conversion and promoted C₁-product formation. At higher ZnO coverage (30 cycles), the catalyst surface was dominated by Pt/ZnO interactions, resulting in reduced C–C bond cleavage activity. These trends were supported by in situ DRIFTS by identifying the suppression of acetate formation and promotion of aldehyde intermediates at Pt-ZnO surfaces. These findings underscore the critical role of interfacial engineering via ALD in modulating catalyst structure, metal-support interactions, and reaction pathways.

非均相催化剂中金属-氧化物界面的精确设计对于优化乙醇分解等反应的活性和选择性至关重要。本研究采用原子层沉积（ALD）法制备了不同ZnO负载的Pt_ZnO_CeO2复合催化剂，研究了载体结构对铂成核、界面性能和催化性能的影响。高分辨率TEM， XPS， ICP-MS显示ZnO强烈影响Pt的生长，导致纳米颗粒尺寸，分散和负载的非单调趋势。XPS分析表明，这些结构效应在Pt/CeO2、ZnO/CeO2和Pt/ZnO界面上转化为不同的电子相互作用。为了探究这些界面的催化相关性，采用乙醇分解作为界面敏感反应。结果表明，适量的ZnO负载（3-5次循环）产生Pt/ZnO/CeO2界面，显著提高了乙醇转化率，促进了c1产物的形成。在较高的ZnO覆盖率下（30次循环），催化剂表面以Pt/ZnO相互作用为主，导致C-C键裂解活性降低。这些趋势得到了原位漂移的支持，通过发现在Pt-ZnO表面抑制醋酸形成和促进醛中间体。这些发现强调了通过ALD进行界面工程在调节催化剂结构、金属-载体相互作用和反应途径中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of abnormal cellular growth in CVD-ZnS under multifactorial coupling effects and its hierarchical suppression strategies 多因子耦合作用下CVD-ZnS细胞异常生长机制及其分级抑制策略

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115613

Dongxu Lee , Naiguang Wei , Jianchun Yang , Hai Yang , Bo Cao , Hongchun Shi , Li Wang , Yuanqing Li

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-synthesized zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a key material for high-performance infrared optical systems. However, the process is prone to Abnormal Cellular Growth defects, which compromise material uniformity and optical performance. This study systematically investigates the formation mechanism and suppression pathways of Abnormal Cellular Growth in CVD ZnS through multiscale experimental analysis and theoretical modeling. Experiments employed high-purity zinc and hydrogen sulfide reacting in a graphite deposition chamber to produce polycrystalline ZnS, followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment. Results indicate that Abnormal Cellular Growth is primarily driven by interface instability, influenced by temperature gradients, solute segregation, and interfacial energy coupling. Temperature non-uniformity within the deposition chamber and high deposition rates exacerbate solute enrichment, inducing cellular structures. The study further proposes a three-tiered synergistic control strategy—“root-cause prevention, process regulation, and end-of-line treatment”—significantly suppressing defect generation by optimizing substrate conditions, purifying the gas phase environment, and adjusting process parameters and post-treatment. The resulting material exhibits over 70% transmittance in the visible-infrared spectrum with markedly enhanced reliability. This research provides a theoretical framework and practical process pathway for understanding and controlling anomalous CVD ZnS growth, holding significant value for advancing the fabrication of high-performance infrared materials.

化学气相沉积（CVD）合成的硫化锌（ZnS）是高性能红外光学系统的关键材料。然而，该工艺容易产生异常细胞生长缺陷，从而影响材料的均匀性和光学性能。本研究通过多尺度实验分析和理论建模，系统探讨了CVD ZnS细胞异常生长的形成机制和抑制途径。实验采用高纯度锌和硫化氢在石墨沉积室中反应生成多晶ZnS，然后进行热等静压（HIP）后处理。结果表明，异常细胞生长主要受界面不稳定性驱动，受温度梯度、溶质偏析和界面能耦合的影响。沉积室内温度的不均匀性和高沉积速率加剧了溶质富集，诱发了细胞结构。该研究进一步提出了一种三层协同控制策略——“根本原因预防、工艺调节和生产线末端处理”——通过优化衬底条件、净化气相环境、调整工艺参数和后处理来显著抑制缺陷的产生。所得材料在可见-红外光谱中透光率超过70%，可靠性显著提高。本研究为理解和控制CVD ZnS异常生长提供了理论框架和实践途径，对推进高性能红外材料的制备具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Suppressing torsional deformation in MEX 3D-printed metal and ceramic components via printing process optimization 通过优化打印工艺，抑制MEX 3d打印金属和陶瓷部件的扭转变形

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115616

Tim Dreier , Ahmad Mezrab , Abdullah Riaz , Philip Töllner , Armin Springer , Hermann Seitz

Material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEX) of ceramics and metals enables fabrication of complex geometries. However, residual stresses during 3D printing cause torsional distortions during post-processing, compromising dimensional accuracy. This study systematically analyses the occurrence and mechanisms of torsional distortion in additively manufactured ceramic and metallic components. Ceramic and metallic feedstocks were selected due to their pronounced differences in thermophysical properties and sintering behavior, including thermal conductivity, binder content, and shrinkage anisotropy, which can influence residual stress development during MEX. The influence of key process parameters such as layer height, printing speed, and printing direction of the print head on torsional distortion is quantified. Experimental results demonstrate that distortions occur in both material systems but can be effectively controlled through printing process optimization. While increasing the layer height leads to a reduction in distortion, changes in printing speed had no significant effect on the degree of deformation. Alternating the printing direction between layers almost completely eliminated deformations, proving to be the most effective strategy across both material systems. These findings provide valuable insights for improving dimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing of highly filled polymers, and offer practical strategies for enhanced dimensional accuracy of final sintered parts.

陶瓷和金属的材料挤压增材制造（MEX）可以制造复杂的几何形状。然而，3D打印过程中的残余应力会在后处理过程中引起扭转扭曲，从而影响尺寸精度。本研究系统地分析了增材制造陶瓷和金属部件中扭转畸变的发生及机理。选择陶瓷和金属原料是因为它们在热物理性质和烧结行为上的显著差异，包括导热性、粘结剂含量和收缩各向异性，这些都会影响MEX过程中的残余应力发展。量化了打印头的层高、打印速度、打印方向等关键工艺参数对扭转畸变的影响。实验结果表明，两种材料体系都存在变形，但通过优化印刷工艺可以有效地控制变形。增加层高可以减少变形，而改变印刷速度对变形程度没有显著影响。在层与层之间交替打印方向几乎完全消除了变形，这被证明是两种材料系统中最有效的策略。这些发现为提高高填充聚合物增材制造的尺寸精度提供了有价值的见解，并为提高最终烧结零件的尺寸精度提供了实用的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of pure Cu and Cu friction stirred with W and Gr reinforcements for wear strength and hardness under its varying parameters maintaining low electrical resistivity 比较纯Cu和纯Cu摩擦搅拌与W和Gr增强剂在不同参数下保持低电阻率的耐磨强度和硬度

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115579

Mohammed Yunus , Rami Alfattani , Turki Alamro

High electrical conductivity materials like copper (Cu) are utilized for resistance welding electrodes and heavy-duty electrical connections, among other things. It is not appropriate for applications requiring high strength and strong wear resistance because of its low mechanical and wear qualities. The study sought to increase Cu’s surface wear resistance and hardness by reinforcing Tungsten (W) and Graphene (Gr) particles by maintaining low electrical resistivity utilizing friction stir processing (FSP) by altering the tool’s traverse speed (TS). To optimize the process parameters, with groove breadth (GB), TS and volume (Vf) % of reinforcement (W, Gr) being the selected parameters. The optical micrographs demonstrated that reinforcement was equally distributed across the treated zone, resulting in an 85% greater hardness than the base metal. Commercial pure Cu was first treated at one rotating speed and different GB, TS and %Vf using single pass FSP. FSP increased wear resistance and hardness by 58%, while there was a minor decline in electrical resistivity (2.3% Ωm) at the 900 rpm–150 mm/min speed, Using single pass FSP, copper-tungsten (Cu-W) and copper-graphene (Cu-Gr) composites were made in the second phase to create Cu surface composites with good electrical resistivity and strength. Cu-W and Cu-Gr composites showed 130% and 64% increases in hardness. The composites’ wear rate was reduced yet their electrical resistivity (3.3% Ωm) was simply pacified by rise.

像铜（Cu）这样的高导电性材料被用于电阻焊电极和重型电气连接等。由于其机械和磨损质量低，因此不适合要求高强度和强耐磨性的应用。该研究试图通过利用搅拌摩擦处理（FSP）通过改变工具的横移速度（TS）来保持低电阻率，从而增强钨(W)和石墨烯（Gr）颗粒，从而提高铜的表面耐磨性和硬度。以槽宽（GB）、补强率（TS）和补强量（Vf） % （W, Gr）为优选工艺参数。光学显微照片显示，强化均匀分布在整个处理区域，导致硬度比母材高85%。首先用单次FSP在一个转速下处理不同GB、TS和%Vf的商品纯铜。在900 rpm-150 mm/min速度下，FSP的耐磨性和硬度提高了58%，而电阻率略有下降（2.3% Ωm）。第二阶段采用单道FSP制备了铜钨（Cu- w）和铜石墨烯（Cu- gr）复合材料，制备出具有良好电阻率和强度的Cu表面复合材料。Cu-W和Cu-Gr复合材料的硬度分别提高了130%和64%。复合材料的磨损率降低，但其电阻率（3.3% Ωm）只是升高而已。

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引用次数: 0

Compositionally grading alloy stacking fault energy using autonomous path planning and additive manufacturing with elemental powders 基于自主路径规划和元素粉末增材制造的合金层错能成分分级

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115547

James Hanagan , Nicole Person , Daniel Salas , Marshall Allen , Wenle Xu , Daniel Lewis , Cafer Acemi , Brady Butler , James D. Paramore , George M. Pharr , Ibrahim Karaman , Raymundo Arróyave

Whereas compositionally graded alloys (CGAs) are often proposed for use in structural components where the combination of alloys within a single part can substantially improve performance, this work proposes and demonstrates the rapid design, synthesis, and characterization of CGAs for the purpose of alloy space exploration. To illustrate this, a composition gradient in the CoCrFeNi alloy space was planned between the maximum and minimum stacking fault energy (SFE) predicted by an existing state-of-the-art machine learning model. One of the goals of this study was to investigate the applicability of this model across a large range of output values and compositions. The compositional gradient path was designed to be monotonic in the SFE and to avoid regions that did not meet constraints predicted via CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CALPHAD). Compositions were selected to produce a linear gradient in SFE and were built using laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) with elemental powders. The resulting gradient was characterized for microstructure and mechanical properties, including hardness, elastic modulus, and strain rate sensitivity. More broadly, the results of this investigation demonstrate the ability of the methods employed to expose blind spots in alloy models and gain knowledge about alloy design spaces in a high-throughput manner.

虽然成分梯度合金（CGAs）经常被提议用于结构部件，其中合金在单个部件内的组合可以大大提高性能，但本工作提出并展示了用于合金空间探索目的的成分梯度合金的快速设计，合成和表征。为了说明这一点，在CoCrFeNi合金空间中，根据现有最先进的机器学习模型预测的最大和最小层错能（SFE）之间规划了一个成分梯度。本研究的目标之一是研究该模型在大范围输出值和组合物中的适用性。组成梯度路径在SFE中被设计为单调的，并避免了不满足通过相图计算（CALPHAD）预测的约束的区域。选择了在SFE中产生线性梯度的成分，并使用元素粉末的激光定向能沉积（L-DED）建立了SFE。对所得到的梯度进行了微观结构和力学性能表征，包括硬度、弹性模量和应变速率敏感性。更广泛地说，这项调查的结果表明，所采用的方法能够揭示合金模型中的盲点，并以高通量的方式获得有关合金设计空间的知识。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective field-based collaborative design of multi-layer IWP lattice enhancement mechanisms and mechanical properties 多层IWP晶格增强机制与力学性能的多目标协同设计

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115588

Mingzhi Yao , Penghuan Wang , Senlin Wang , Minzheng Zhu , Mingkai Tang

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures face challenges in balancing lightweighting with mechanical performance. This study proposes a multi-objective field-driven design strategy. Using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, we fabricated multi-layer lattice structures from 316 L stainless steel, including isotropic (IWP-IWP) and anisotropic (IWP-D) configurations. Through quasi-static compression experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical predictions, their compressive behavior, energy absorption characteristics, and deformation mechanisms were systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that multi-layer structures exhibit significant performance enhancements over primary structures at equivalent densities. Specifically, the heterogeneous IWP-D-21% structure achieved maximum increases of 57.46% and 64.72% in yield strength and elastic modulus, respectively. While the IWP-IWP-27% structure achieved maximum increases of 76.11% and 59.87% in plateau stress and energy absorption per unit volume, respectively. The deformation mechanisms differ markedly: IWP-IWP exhibits “drum-shaped” deformation, while IWP-D demonstrates uniform overall deformation. The established finite element model based on Johnson-Cook constitutive mechanics accurately predicts mechanical properties with an error below 9.82%. This strategy opens new avenues for designing high-performance multifunctional lattice structures in fields such as aerospace critical load-bearing components.

三周期最小表面（TPMS）结构在平衡轻量化和力学性能方面面临着挑战。本研究提出了一种多目标领域驱动设计策略。采用激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）技术，制备了316l不锈钢的多层晶格结构，包括各向同性（IWP-IWP）和各向异性（IWP-D）两种构型。通过准静态压缩实验、有限元模拟和理论预测，系统地研究了其压缩行为、能量吸收特性和变形机制。结果表明，在同等密度下，多层结构比初级结构表现出显著的性能增强。其中，非均相IWP-D-21%结构的屈服强度和弹性模量分别提高了57.46%和64.72%。而IWP-IWP-27%结构的高原应力和单位体积能量吸收最大增幅分别为76.11%和59.87%。变形机制明显不同：IWP-IWP表现为“鼓形”变形，而IWP-D表现为均匀的整体变形。基于Johnson-Cook本构力学建立的有限元模型准确预测力学性能，误差在9.82%以下。该策略为在航空航天关键承重部件等领域设计高性能多功能点阵结构开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

LPBF-processed high-density Nd-Fe-B Magnets: From gas atomized powders lpbf加工的高密度钕铁硼磁体：来自气体雾化粉末

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115610

Sudha Krishnan , Qilin Guo , Balamurugan Balasubramanian , Jeffrey E. Shield

Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are crucial for high-performance applications, yet their fabrication by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is limited by defects, microstructural instability, and degradation of magnetic properties. This work examines printability, microstructure evolution, and defect formation in two Nd-rich gas-atomized Nd–Fe–B powders (Alloy A and Alloy B) as a function of laser power, scan speed, and hatch spacing. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) reveals that Alloy A consistently achieves > 99% relative density but attains a maximum coercivity of 0.58 kOe, whereas a specific processing condition for Alloy B reaches ∼99.99% density with a coercivity of 0.49 kOe at higher energy input. These results demonstrate that the optimal LPBF processing window is strongly composition dependent, and the resulting insights provide practical guidelines for tailoring process parameters to improve the performance and reliability of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets.

Nd-Fe-B永磁体对于高性能应用至关重要，但其通过激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）制造受到缺陷，微观结构不稳定和磁性退化的限制。本研究考察了两种富nd气体雾化Nd-Fe-B粉末（合金A和合金B）的可打印性、微观结构演变和缺陷形成与激光功率、扫描速度和hatch间距的关系。x射线计算机断层扫描（XCT）显示，合金A始终达到>； 99%的相对密度，但最大矫顽力为0.58 kOe，而合金B在特定的加工条件下，在更高的能量输入下达到~ 99.99%的密度，矫顽力为0.49 kOe。这些结果表明，最佳LPBF加工窗口与成分密切相关，由此得出的见解为定制工艺参数以提高Nd-Fe-B永磁体的性能和可靠性提供了实用指南。

引用次数: 0

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