Materials & Design最新文献_第8页

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113365

Kiran Michael , Lukas Greiner , Matthias Putzer , Jodok Weixler , Timo Schudeleit , Markus Bambach , Konrad Wegener

This research investigates the anisotropic behavior of single crystalline diamonds (SCD) during ultra-short pulse (USP) laser machining. The ablation behavior of SCD synthesized by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods is studied on their primary crystallographic planes: {100}, {110}, and {111}. The results show different ablation thresholds for each plane, with the {100} plane having the highest threshold for both SCD types. CVD diamonds exhibit higher ablation thresholds than HPHT diamonds, indicating synthesis methods influence USP laser machining. The anisotropy of material removal, breakouts, and cracks, dependent on the in-plane machining angle, is investigated by machining grooves on the {100}, {110}, and {111} planes. Each plane shows unique characteristics, with varying anisotropic behavior at different in-plane angles. The material removal rate (MRR) differs between planes and even between grooves at different in-plane angles on the same plane. Distinct cracking behaviors are also observed, emphasizing the relationship between the crystallographic plane and the in-plane angle. The ideal in-plane angle for stable and clean ablation on each plane is determined. Temporal beam shaping, with MHz burst pulses, effectively minimizes detrimental effects such as cracks during SCD processing, enhancing machining quality and expanding USP laser machining applicability.

本研究调查了单晶金刚石（SCD）在超短脉冲（USP）激光加工过程中的各向异性行为。研究了通过高压高温（HPHT）和化学气相沉积（CVD）方法合成的单晶金刚石（SCD）在其主要晶面：{100}、{110}和{111}上的烧蚀行为。结果显示，每个平面的烧蚀阈值不同，{100}平面对两种 SCD 类型的烧蚀阈值最高。CVD 金刚石的烧蚀阈值高于 HPHT 金刚石，这表明合成方法会影响 USP 激光加工。通过在{100}、{110}和{111}平面上加工沟槽，研究了材料去除、断裂和裂纹的各向异性与平面内加工角度的关系。每个平面都显示出独特的特性，在不同的面内角度下具有不同的各向异性。不同平面的材料去除率（MRR）不同，甚至同一平面上不同面内角度的沟槽的材料去除率也不同。此外，还观察到了不同的开裂行为，强调了晶体平面与面内角度之间的关系。确定了在每个平面上实现稳定和清洁烧蚀的理想面内角度。使用 MHz 突发脉冲的时间光束整形能有效减少 SCD 加工过程中的裂纹等有害影响，从而提高加工质量并扩大 USP 激光加工的适用范围。

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引用次数: 0

Inverse-designed 3D sequential metamaterials achieving extreme stiffness 反向设计三维连续超材料实现极高刚度

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113350

Jiacheng Han , Xiaoya Zhai , Lili Wang , Di Zhang , Junhao Ding , Winston Wai Shing Ma , Xu Song , Wei-Hsin Liao , Ligang Liu , Jun Wu , Xiao-Ming Fu

Mechanical metamaterials signify a groundbreaking leap in material science and engineering. The intricate and experience-dependent design process poses a challenge in uncovering architectural material sequences with exceptional mechanical properties. This study introduces inverse-designed 3D sequential metamaterials with outstanding mechanical attributes, achieved through a novel computational framework. The explored sequences based on Schoen's I-graph–wrapped package (IWP) and Schwarz Primitive (Schwarz P) surpass the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound of Young's modulus at relative densities of 0.24 and 0.43, outperforming previous records. Optimized Body-Centered-Cubic (BCC) truss-based sets outperform traditional ones by 72.7%. This innovative approach can be extended for metamaterial customization, involving the optimization of multi-directional Young's modulus, total stiffness, and the addition of isotropy constraints. The paper explores the characteristics and implications of this innovation, emphasizing the impact of geometric and topological variations on mechanical performance. These metamaterial sequences offer unparalleled adaptability, and hold significant potential in structural engineering and adaptive mechanical systems, opening avenues for technological advancements.

机械超材料标志着材料科学和工程学的一次突破性飞跃。错综复杂且依赖经验的设计过程对发现具有卓越机械特性的建筑材料序列提出了挑战。本研究通过一个新颖的计算框架，介绍了具有出色机械属性的反向设计三维序列超材料。所探索的序列基于 Schoen 的 I 形图包裹包（IWP）和 Schwarz 原始材料（Schwarz P），在相对密度为 0.24 和 0.43 时，其杨氏模量超过了 Hashin-Shtrikman 上限，超越了之前的记录。优化后的体心立方（BCC）桁架集比传统集高出 72.7%。这种创新方法可扩展用于超材料定制，包括优化多方向杨氏模量、总刚度和增加各向同性约束。论文探讨了这一创新的特点和意义，强调了几何和拓扑变化对机械性能的影响。这些超材料序列具有无与伦比的适应性，在结构工程和自适应机械系统方面具有巨大潜力，为技术进步开辟了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing polydispersity in three-dimensional random fibrous based sound absorbing materials 利用三维无规纤维吸音材料中的多分散性

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113375

Quang Vu Tran , Camille Perrot , Raymond Panneton , Minh Tan Hoang , Ludovic Dejaeger , Valérie Marcel , Mathieu Jouve

The distribution of fiber diameters plays a crucial role in the transport and sound absorbing properties of a three-dimensional random fibrous (3D-RF) medium. Conventionally, volume-weighted averaging of fiber diameters has been utilized as an appropriate microstructural descriptor to predict the static viscous permeability of 3D-RF media. However, the long wavelength acoustical properties of a 3D-RF medium are also sensitive to the smallest fibers, this is particularly true in the high-frequency regime. In our recent research, we demonstrated that an inverse volume-weighted averaging of fiber diameters can effectively serve as a complementary microstructural descriptor to capture the high-frequency behavior of polydisperse fibrous media. In the present work, we reexamine the identification of two representative volume elements (RVEs) which relies on the reconstruction of 3D-RF microstructures having volume-weighted and inverse-volume weighted averaged fiber diameters, respectively in the low-frequency and high frequency regimes. We investigate the implication of such a weighting procedure on the transport and sound absorbing properties of polydisperse fibrous media, highlighting their potential advantages. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with this research field. Finally, we provide a brief perspective of the future directions and opportunities for advancing this area of study.

纤维直径的分布对三维无规纤维介质（3D-RF）的传输和吸声特性起着至关重要的作用。传统上，纤维直径的体积加权平均值被用作预测三维无规纤维介质静态粘性渗透性的适当微结构描述符。然而，三维射频介质的长波长声学特性对最小纤维也很敏感，这在高频情况下尤为明显。在我们最近的研究中，我们证明了纤维直径的反体积加权平均值可以有效地作为微结构描述符的补充，以捕捉多分散纤维介质的高频行为。在本研究中，我们重新研究了两个代表性体积元素（RVE）的识别问题，这两个代表性体积元素依赖于在低频和高频情况下分别对具有体积加权和反体积加权平均纤维直径的三维射频微结构进行重建。我们研究了这种加权程序对多分散纤维介质的传输和吸音特性的影响，并强调了其潜在优势。此外，我们还讨论了与这一研究领域相关的挑战。最后，我们简要展望了推进这一研究领域的未来方向和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on Hajra et al.: “High-temperature phase stability and phase transformations of Niobium-Chromium Laves phase: Experimental and first-principles calculation” 评论 Hajra 等人"铌铬拉维斯相的高温相稳定性和相变：实验和第一原理计算"

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113373

Andreas Leineweber , Frank Stein

This work comments on a recent publication by Hajra et al. (Mater. Design 236 (2023) 112483), which claims to have presented compelling experimental and theoretical evidence in favour of the existence of an equilibrium C14-NbCr₂ high-temperature Laves phase in the Cr-Nb system. In the present comment, evidence and conclusions reported in the paper of Hajra et al. are critically put into context of insight from previous works. From this it is concluded here, that the evidence in favour of an equilibrium C14-NbCr₂ high-temperature Laves phase is, by far, not that compelling as claimed by Hajra et al.. Instead, the most direct evidence presented in the literature does not support the existence of an equilibrium C14-NbCr₂ high-temperature Laves phase. Alternative interpretations of Hajra et al.’s evidence and conclusions are offered, and it is elaborated, which true gaps in knowledge exist concerning the Laves phases in the Cr-Nb system.

本研究对 Hajra 等人最近发表的论文（Mater.Design 236 (2023) 112483）的评论，该论文声称提出了令人信服的实验和理论证据，证明在铬-铌体系中存在平衡的 C14-NbCr2 高温拉维斯相。在本评论中，我们将 Hajra 等人论文中报告的证据和结论与之前工作中的见解进行了批判性对比。由此得出的结论是，到目前为止，支持 C14-NbCr2 高温拉维斯相平衡的证据并不像 Hajra 等人所说的那样令人信服。相反，文献中提出的最直接证据并不支持平衡 C14-NbCr2 高温拉维斯相的存在。本文对 Hajra 等人的证据和结论提出了其他解释，并详细说明了在 Cr-Nb 系统中存在哪些真正的拉维斯相知识空白。

引用次数: 0

Multi-scale ceramic TiC solves the strength-plasticity equilibrium problem of high entropy alloy 多尺度陶瓷 TiC 解决了高熵合金的强度-塑性平衡问题

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113374

Hao Qi , Siruo Zhang , Chenghao Liu , Rongde Li , Shulin Dong , Guanglong Li , Yingdong Qu

High entropy alloys (HEAs) with single FCC structure exhibits unique structure and properties. However, lack of strength hinds the engineering application ability seriously. Therefore, it is urgent to propose effective methods and theories to enhance the strength while maintaining favorable plasticity. Introducing reinforced phases is one crucial research approach for improving the mechanical properties of HEAs. However, the resulting reduction in ductility has been neglected. In this work, we propose a novel multi-scale TiC coupling reinforced alloy which preserves the high plasticity while increasing the strength. The results demonstrate that TiC (μm) hinders the dislocations movement and improves strength through the second phase strengthening mechanism. Apart from acting as barriers to dislocation motion, the TiC (nm) also provides more dislocation sources in the distortion area at the junction with the matrix, which increasing the number of movable dislocations and enhancing the plastic strain capacity. Compared with the Al_0.4 alloy, the tensile yield strength of the Al_0.4-TiC (μm + nm) alloy is increased by 145 %, the ultimate tensile strength is up to 574 MPa, while maintaining a high plastic strain by 30.1 %. The addition of multi-scale ceramic phase TiC provides a novel approach to obtain high strength and high plasticity HEAs.

具有单一 FCC 结构的高熵合金（HEAs）具有独特的结构和性能。然而，强度不足严重影响了其工程应用能力。因此，亟需提出有效的方法和理论，在提高强度的同时保持良好的塑性。引入增强相是改善 HEA 机械性能的一个重要研究方法。然而，由此导致的延展性降低却一直被忽视。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新型多尺度 TiC 耦合增强合金，它在提高强度的同时保持了高塑性。研究结果表明，TiC（μm）可阻碍位错运动，并通过第二相强化机制提高强度。除了阻碍位错运动，TiC（nm）还在与基体交界的变形区域提供了更多的位错源，从而增加了可移动位错的数量，提高了塑性应变能力。与 Al0.4 合金相比，Al0.4-TiC（μm + nm）合金的拉伸屈服强度提高了 145%，极限拉伸强度高达 574 兆帕，同时保持了 30.1% 的高塑性应变。添加多尺度陶瓷相 TiC 为获得高强度和高塑性 HEA 提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Microneedles integrated with crystallinity control for poorly water-soluble drugs: Enhanced bioavailability and innovative controlled release system 微针与结晶度控制相结合，适用于水溶性差的药物：提高生物利用率和创新型控释系统

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113371

Mi Ran Woo , Jung Suk Kim , Seunghyun Cheon , Sang Hun Ji , Seonghyeon Park , Sanghyun Woo , Jong Oh Kim , Sung Giu Jin , Han-Gon Choi

The purpose of this study was to develop innovative microneedles with drug crystallinity control for the fast or sustained release of poorly water-soluble drugs. Povidone was determined as a suitable polymer following hydrophilic polymer testing using solubilization screening technique. Microneedles were fabricated by altering the drug-to-polymer weight ratios. Their mechanical properties, crystallinity, solubility, release, skin permeability and transdermal pharmacokinetics in rats were assessed. The optimal crystalline and amorphous microneedles were composed of drug/polymer at weight ratios of 1:0.03 and 1:2.5, respectively. They showed excellent insertion in rat skin with a puncture rate above 80%. Compared to drug powder or solution, they increased drug solubility, release and skin permeability. Crystalline microneedles gave sustained release and plasma concentration profiles, while amorphous microneedles provided a fast profile. Amorphous microneedles offered significantly faster T_max and two-fold higher area under the concentration–time curve (AUC), indicating better transdermal bioavailability. In the safety test, microneedle-treated rat skin was recovered to normal within three days without any irritations. Thus, the drug crystallinity could play a significant role in the release of microneedles, suggesting their potential as a transdermal drug delivery system for controlling the release of poorly water-soluble drugs and improving their transdermal bioavailability.

本研究旨在开发具有药物结晶度控制功能的创新型微针，用于快速或持续释放水溶性较差的药物。在使用增溶筛选技术对亲水性聚合物进行测试后，确定聚维酮是一种合适的聚合物。通过改变药物与聚合物的重量比，制造出了微针。对微针的机械性能、结晶度、溶解度、释放、皮肤渗透性和大鼠的透皮药代动力学进行了评估。最佳结晶微针和无定形微针的药物/聚合物重量比分别为 1:0.03 和 1:2.5。这些微针在大鼠皮肤上的插入效果极佳，穿刺率超过 80%。与药物粉末或溶液相比，它们提高了药物的溶解度、释放度和皮肤渗透性。晶体微针具有持续释放和血浆浓度分布，而非晶体微针则具有快速分布。无定形微针的Tmax明显更快，浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）高出两倍，表明其透皮生物利用率更高。在安全性测试中，经过微针处理的大鼠皮肤在三天内恢复正常，没有出现任何刺激症状。因此，药物结晶度在微针的释放过程中起着重要作用，这表明微针有可能成为一种透皮给药系统，用于控制水溶性差的药物的释放并提高其透皮生物利用度。

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引用次数: 0

Biophotonic composite scaffolds for controlled nitric oxide release upon NIR excitation 用于在近红外激发下控制一氧化氮释放的生物光子复合支架

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113369

S. Ghanavati , E. Santos Magalhaes , C. Nguyen , B. Bondzior , M. Lastusaari , J.N. Anker , A. Draganski , L. Petit , J. Massera

For the first time, the preparation of 3D biophotonic scaffolds is reported. Scaffolds are prepared using the porogen burn-off technique and are capable of converting NIR to green emission, used to release nitric oxide from S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine. NIR to green conversion is obtained by mixing CaWO₄ crystals (codoped with Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺) with bioactive borosilicate glass prior to the sintering process. The scaffold fabrication process has a detrimental impact on the upconversion properties of the crystals embedded in the porous scaffold due to the formation of internal/surface crystalline defects and surface chemical bonds in the crystals. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that the brightness of the green emission, under 980 nm pumping, is sufficient to release nitric oxide from the scaffold covered with S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine. Addition of upconverter crystals, in the bioactive scaffold, has no impact on porosity, mechanical properties, reactivity in simulated body fluid nor cytocompatibility. The progressive dissolution of the scaffold, associated with the precipitation of a reactive layer (HA), has no noticeable influence on the green emission under 980 nm pumping, showing that the development of such biophotonic scaffolds opens the path to light actuated drug release in a spatial–temporal manner, in vivo. Degradation of the up-converter particles does not lead to differences in cells viability.

本研究首次报道了三维生物光子支架的制备方法。该支架采用多孔烧结技术制备，能够将近红外转换为绿色发射，用于从 S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺中释放一氧化氮。在烧结过程之前，将 CaWO4 晶体（掺杂 Yb3+ 和 Er3+）与生物活性硼硅玻璃混合，可实现近红外到绿色的转换。由于晶体内部/表面晶体缺陷和表面化学键的形成，支架制造过程会对嵌入多孔支架中的晶体的上转换特性产生不利影响。尽管如此，我们还是证明了在 980 纳米泵浦条件下，绿色发射的亮度足以从覆盖有 S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺的支架中释放出一氧化氮。在生物活性支架中加入上转换晶体对孔隙率、机械性能、在模拟体液中的反应性和细胞相容性没有影响。支架的逐渐溶解与反应层（HA）的沉淀有关，但对 980 纳米泵浦下的绿色发射没有明显影响，这表明这种生物光子支架的开发为在体内以空间-时间方式释放药物开辟了道路。上转换粒子的降解不会导致细胞存活率的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic densification mechanism of irregular Ti powder during CIP: 3D MPFEM simulation with real-shape particles CIP 过程中不规则钛粉末的协同致密化机制：使用真实形状颗粒的 3D MPFEM 仿真

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113368

Bao Wang , Kejia Pan , Shuai Gao , Shixing Wu , Chao Zhao , Xuan Luo , Qi Peng , Minghan Sun , Dongdong Li , Ning Li , Yuanyuan Li

Achieving high green density is essential for ensuring the mechanical properties of powder metallurgy workpieces. However, the densification behavior of irregular ductile powders remains unclear due to oversimplification in current numerical simulations. To address this, a three-dimensional multi-particle finite element method model incorporating realistic powder morphology, size distribution, and stacking structure is constructed. It is found that a pivotal motion-deformation synergistic stage exists between the conventional particle rearrangement and elastic–plastic deformation stages. In this stage, plastic deformation is driven by the spheroidization of coarse powders, whereas the resulting vacancies in the stacking structure facilitate slight particle motion. Thereafter, plastic deformation is dominated by the flattening of fine particles, and the pore-filling capacity decreases due to the reduction in non-contact surface area. This synergistic and complementary interaction between the spheroidization of coarse powders and the flattening of fine powders enhances mechanical interlocking and promotes micropore closure. As a result, the micropores exhibit a tendency of downsizing and homogenization, substantially boosting the potential for achieving full densification during sintering. Based on these findings, a method for determining the optimal forming pressure is proposed, considering the manufacturing costs of powder compacts and the characteristics of the micropores in both green and sintered bodies.

实现高生坯密度对于确保粉末冶金工件的机械性能至关重要。然而，由于目前的数值模拟过于简化，不规则韧性粉末的致密化行为仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们构建了一个三维多粒子有限元法模型，其中包含了真实的粉末形态、粒度分布和堆积结构。研究发现，在传统的颗粒重排阶段和弹塑性变形阶段之间存在一个关键的运动变形协同阶段。在这一阶段，塑性变形是由粗粉的球化驱动的，而由此产生的堆积结构中的空位促进了微粒的轻微运动。此后，塑性变形主要由细颗粒的扁平化引起，而孔隙填充能力则由于非接触表面积的减少而降低。粗粉的球化和细粉的扁平化之间的这种协同互补作用增强了机械互锁，促进了微孔的闭合。因此，微孔呈现出缩小和均匀化的趋势，大大提高了在烧结过程中实现完全致密化的潜力。基于这些发现，考虑到粉末密实物的制造成本以及生坯和烧结体中微孔的特性，提出了一种确定最佳成型压力的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Silicon carbide nanowire-reinforced micro-Ag joint based on pinning effect for power electronics packaging 基于引脚效应的碳化硅纳米线增强微银接头用于电力电子器件封装

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113364

Mulan Li, Shijun Huang, Zehao Chen, Jingwen Liu, Longlong Yan, Cai-Fu Li

Low-temperature sintering Ag technology is a feasible approach employed in power electron devices. In this study, the influence of the different amounts (0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.20 wt%) of silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) on the properties and microstructure of micro-Ag paste sintered at 250 °C without pressure has been investigated. The results exhibit that the bonding strength of the Ag-SiC joint reaches a maximum of 43.57 MPa after doping 0.07 wt% SiC NWs, with an increase of 13 % compared with pure Ag joint. This enhancement mechanism can be owed to the Orowan mechanism and the pinning effect of SiC NWs, which nail at grain boundaries that will restrain the dislocation motion of Ag grains. Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity of Ag-0.07SiC shows a minimum value of 5.20 μΩ cm, approximately 10.65 % lower than pure Ag joint. This is attributed to the well-sintered Ag network and the bridging effect of SiC NWs distributed in Ag particles. Thus, incorporating appropriate content of SiC NWs into micro-Ag paste can strengthen the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of sintered Ag joint. It is hoped that this research could develop a new micro-Ag paste with outstanding properties that could be employed in high-power electronic devices.

低温烧结 Ag 技术是功率电子器件中采用的一种可行方法。本研究探讨了不同掺量（0、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10、0.20 wt%）的碳化硅纳米线（SiC NWs）对 250 °C 无压烧结微银浆的性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明，掺入 0.07 wt% 的碳化硅纳米线后，Ag-SiC 接头的结合强度达到了 43.57 MPa 的最大值，与纯 Ag 接头相比提高了 13%。这种增强机制可归因于奥罗旺机制和 SiC 纳米晶的钉扎效应，钉扎在晶界上的 SiC 纳米晶会抑制 Ag 晶粒的位错运动。同时，Ag-0.07SiC 的电阻率最小值为 5.20 μΩ cm，比纯银焊点低约 10.65%。这归因于烧结良好的 Ag 网络和分布在 Ag 颗粒中的 SiC 纳米晶的桥接效应。因此，在微银浆中加入适量的碳化硅纳米线可增强烧结银接头的机械性能和导电性能。希望这项研究能开发出一种性能优异的新型微银浆，以应用于大功率电子设备。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the impacts of surface roughness and microstructure on the size effect in two additively manufactured stainless steels 评估表面粗糙度和微观结构对两种快速成型不锈钢尺寸效应的影响

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113346

Paul K. Lambert , Bianca K. Piloseno , Justin D. Warner , Edwin B. Gienger , Ann Choi , Michael Presley , Justin Rettaliata , Brendan P. Croom

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) enables direct manufacturing of components with complex geometries and thin walls, but many authors report size-dependent mechanical properties that may complicate design. Size effects are commonly attributed to surface roughness, microstructure, and/or internal defects, but the relative importance of each is still not fully understood. To systematically study these effects, L-PBF specimens made of two microstructurally-distinct stainless steels (17-4PH and 316L) were manufactured and mechanically tested, in varied heat-treatment conditions and across a range of thicknesses and build angles. It was found that the size-dependent mechanical properties are efficiently predicted by the ratio of surface roughness to specimen thickness,

R_{a} / t

, in a way that is relatively microstructure-agnostic. This metric is particularly useful for predicting ultimate strength and elongation, while microstructure moderates its predictive power for yield strength, especially in the more processing-sensitive 17-4PH. When considered in isolation, thickness or surface roughness had weaker correlations with mechanical properties and, importantly, tended to correlate much more strongly with one steel's properties than the other's. Comparing this comprehensive dataset with summary data from other researchers highlights the utility of

R_{a} / t

, and provides semi-quantitative estimates of the relative impacts of porosity, microstructure, and

R_{a} / t

on size-dependent properties.

激光粉末床熔融（L-PBF）可直接制造具有复杂几何形状和薄壁的部件，但许多学者报告说，尺寸与机械性能有关，可能会使设计复杂化。尺寸效应通常归因于表面粗糙度、微观结构和/或内部缺陷，但对每种效应的相对重要性尚不完全了解。为了系统地研究这些效应，我们制造了由两种微观结构不同的不锈钢（17-4PH 和 316L）制成的 L-PBF 试样，并在不同的热处理条件下、在一定的厚度和构建角度范围内进行了机械测试。结果发现，表面粗糙度与试样厚度之比 Ra/t 可以有效地预测与尺寸相关的机械性能，而且与微观结构相对无关。该指标尤其适用于预测极限强度和伸长率，而微观结构则会降低其对屈服强度的预测能力，尤其是对加工更为敏感的 17-4PH 材料。如果单独考虑，厚度或表面粗糙度与机械性能的相关性较弱，重要的是，它们与一种钢材性能的相关性往往比与另一种钢材性能的相关性更强。将这一综合数据集与其他研究人员的汇总数据进行比较，突出了 Ra/t 的实用性，并提供了孔隙率、微观结构和 Ra/t 对尺寸相关性能的相对影响的半定量估计。

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引用次数: 0