Materials & Design最新文献_第9页

Biomineralized manganese-based cascade nanosystem for augmented combinational therapy of oral cancer and dual-modal imaging-guided diagnosis 基于生物矿化锰级联纳米系统的口腔癌增强联合治疗和双模态成像引导诊断

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115575

Jinhuan Li , Ling Cai , Zhen Fu , Xiaodong Zhu , Yanqiang Huang , Yuan Wu , Jin Chen

Due to the spatiotemporal specificity and high efficacy, tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanozyme catalytic therapy has attracted considerable attentions. Nevertheless, it remained challenging to remodel TME for improving therapeutic benefits. Here, a TME-responsive nanozyme termed p-GOx-MnO₂-ICG (p-GMI) was synthesized via biomimetic mineralization using ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL) as the template. The obtained p-GMI comprised glucose oxidase (GOx), MnO₂ nanoparticles, and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG), which exhibited prominent triple-enzyme activities (glucose oxidase, catalase-like, and peroxidase-like) enabling multimodal therapy. Specifically, starvation therapy (ST) was initiated through glutathione peroxidase-mediated glucose depletion. The released Mn²⁺ in TME utilized the produced H₂O₂ and gluconic acid to initiate Fenton-like reaction, enhancing chemodynamic therapy (CDT) efficacy. Meanwhile, the generated O₂ by catalase-like nanozyme can not only activate GOx but serve as the photodynamic therapy (PDT) substrate, leading to synergistically improved ST and PDT outcomes. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated p-GMI nanozyme enabled fluorescence imaging/magnetic resonance imaging-guided ST/CDT/PDT combinational therapy, while also exhibiting favorable biosafety in the CAL-27 xenograft mouse model. Therefore, the built TME-responsive and dual-modal imaging guided p-GMI nanozymes as integrated cascade nanosystem held potentials in dealing with oral cancer.

肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment， TME）反应性纳米酶催化治疗因其时空特异性和高效性而备受关注。然而，改造TME以提高治疗效果仍然具有挑战性。本文以ε-聚l -赖氨酸（EPL）为模板，通过仿生矿化合成了对tme响应的纳米酶p-GOx-MnO2-ICG （p-GMI）。获得的p-GMI由葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）、二氧化锰纳米颗粒和吲哚菁绿光敏剂（ICG）组成，具有突出的三酶活性（葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化氢酶样和过氧化物酶样），可实现多模式治疗。具体来说，饥饿疗法（ST）是通过谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶介导的葡萄糖消耗开始的。TME中释放的Mn2+利用产生的H2O2和葡萄糖酸引发fenton样反应，提高CDT疗效。同时，过氧化氢酶样纳米酶产生的O2不仅可以激活GOx，还可以作为光动力治疗（PDT）底物，从而协同改善ST和PDT结果。体外和体内实验均表明，p-GMI纳米酶能够实现荧光成像/磁共振成像引导的ST/CDT/PDT联合治疗，同时在CAL-27异种移植小鼠模型中也表现出良好的生物安全性。因此，构建的tme响应和双模成像引导的p-GMI纳米酶作为集成级联纳米系统在口腔癌治疗中具有潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving ultrahigh modulus of resilience and enhanced thermal stability in ZnOx/SU-8 interpenetrating network polymer nanocomposite nanopillars 在ZnOx/SU-8互穿网络聚合物纳米复合纳米柱中实现超高弹性模量和增强的热稳定性

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115577

Zhongyuan Li , Won-Il Lee , Nikhil Tiwale , Kyle P. Wade , Mark Aindow , Chang-Yong Nam , Seok-Woo Lee

The modulus of resilience, a mechanical property that quantifies the maximum strain energy density a material can store during elastic deformation, is a crucial parameter for materials used in flexible displays, micro/nano-electro-mechanical system (M/NEMS) actuators, and ultra-sensitive pressure sensors. In this study, ZnO_x/SU-8 nanocomposite nanopillars with a diameter of 300 nm, fully infiltrated with a uniformly distributed, interpenetrating amorphous ZnO_x filler network, were synthesized via vapor-phase infiltration (VPI). In-situ uniaxial nano-compression tests revealed that the modulus of resilience of ZnO_x/SU-8 reaches ∼ 12 MJ/m³, which is an ultrahigh value among all engineering materials with comparable strength. In addition, the synthesis fidelity, inorganic infiltration depth, and mechanical performance were all significantly improved compared to VPI-synthesized AlO_x nanocomposites. Thermal stability, another key requirement for M/NEMS device materials operating under extreme environments, was also notably enhanced. Furthermore, partial crystallization of the amorphous ZnO_x fillers during annealing contributed to an additional increase in modulus of resilience, reaching up to ∼ 13.9 MJ/m³. This work presents an effective fabrication strategy for producing nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites with ultrahigh modulus of resilience and superior thermal stability, paving the way for their integration into next-generation flexible displays and high-performance M/NEMS devices working under harsh environments.

弹性模量是一种量化材料在弹性变形过程中可以存储的最大应变能密度的力学性能，是柔性显示器、微/纳米机电系统（M/NEMS）致动器和超灵敏压力传感器中使用的材料的关键参数。在本研究中，采用气相渗透（VPI）法制备了直径为300 nm的ZnOx/SU-8纳米复合材料纳米柱，该纳米柱被均匀分布、互穿的非晶ZnOx填料网络完全浸润。原位单轴纳米压缩试验结果表明，ZnOx/SU-8的弹性模量达到了~ 12 MJ/m3，在同等强度的工程材料中是超高的。此外，与vpi合成的AlOx纳米复合材料相比，合成保真度、无机浸润深度和力学性能均有显著提高。热稳定性是M/NEMS器件材料在极端环境下工作的另一个关键要求，也得到了显著提高。此外，在退火过程中，非晶态ZnOx填料的部分结晶有助于回弹性模量的额外增加，达到~ 13.9 MJ/m3。这项工作提出了一种有效的制造策略，用于生产具有超高弹性模量和优异热稳定性的纳米结构有机-无机杂化纳米复合材料，为其集成到下一代柔性显示器和在恶劣环境下工作的高性能M/NEMS设备中铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of Si accumulation in a 7108 Al–Zn–Mg alloy in the context of recycling 7108 Al-Zn-Mg合金中Si积累对回收利用的影响

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115578

Calin D. Marioara , Constantinos Hatzoglou , Yngve Langsrud , Grethe Waterloo

Recycled 7108 alloys were simulated by additions of 0.2–0.3 wt% Si, alone or in combination with Mn or Cu. Si had a negative impact on mechanical properties by slowing precipitation kinetics and reducing the overall hardness due to the formation of L-phase needle/laths of the Al–Mg–Si-Cu alloy system co-existing with typical metastable η precipitates of the Al–Zn–Mg(–Cu) alloys, which led to a coarsening of the later. Annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a new type of metastable η consisting of overlapping and laterally intertwined ORR⁻¹ and OR⁻¹R sequences of stacked R and O units across the platelet thickness. Most L-phase precipitates contained C sub-units with Zn replacing Cu positions, associated with a local Zn enrichment of adjacent {1 0 0}Al planes at the interface. Adding 0.29 wt% Mn to a 7108 alloy with 0.20 wt% Si led to partial removal of Si from solid solution into α-AlSi(Fe + Mn) dispersoids. This increased the hardness, although at levels below the standard alloy with no Si added. The addition of 0.17 wt% Cu to the same alloy enhanced the precipitation of L-phase leading to the highest peak hardness and a shift of the hardening curve to longer aging times.

通过添加0.2-0.3 wt%的Si，单独或与Mn或Cu结合来模拟回收的7108合金。由于Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金体系中l相针/板条的形成与Al-Zn-Mg （-Cu）合金的典型亚稳η析出相共存，导致Al-Zn-Mg （-Cu）合金的粗化，Si对al - mg （-Cu）合金的力学性能产生了负面影响，减缓了析出动力学，降低了整体硬度。环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜证实了一种新型亚稳η的存在，该亚稳η由重叠和横向缠绕的ORR - 1和OR - 1R序列组成，这些序列由堆叠的R和O单元组成，横跨血小板厚度。大多数l相沉淀含有C亚基，Zn取代Cu的位置，与界面附近{1 0 0}Al面局部富集Zn有关。在Si含量为0.20 wt%的7108合金中加入0.29 wt%的Mn，可以使Si从固溶体中部分析出，形成α-AlSi（Fe + Mn）分散体。这增加了硬度，尽管在没有添加Si的标准合金的水平之下。当Cu含量为0.17 wt%时，合金中l相的析出增强，峰值硬度最高，时效时间延长。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring interfacial reactive layer for high-strength maraging steel/high-entropy alloy dissimilar joints 高强度马氏体时效钢/高熵合金异种接头的裁剪界面反应层

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115540

Qianning Dai , Bijun Xie , Bin Xu , Yujie Song , Honglin Zhang , Zhengwang Zhu , Mingyue Sun , Dianzhong Li

Joining ultra-high-strength maraging steels and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is crucial for advanced applications. However, the formation of brittle intermetallics often limits interfacial performance. Here, we demonstrate a rapid hot-compression bonding strategy that uses a niobium (Nb) interlayer to control interfacial reactions and produce a high-strength joint between 18Ni350 maraging steel and AlNbTi₃Zr_1.5 HEA. The effects of bonding temperatures on the interfacial microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms were systematically investigated. An exceptional joint tensile strength exceeding 1 GPa was achieved at an optimal bonding temperature of 850 °C. This is attributed to the formation of a continuous, ultra-thin nanocrystalline Fe₂Nb reactive layer (RL) at the 18Ni350/Nb interface, coupled with a well-bonded, intermetallic-free HEA/Nb interface. However, increasing the temperature to 1000 °C thickens the Fe₂Nb RL to over 300 nm and promotes grain coarsening, reducing the joint strength to 747 MPa. Correspondingly, the fracture mode transitions from a complex path involving both interfaces and the interlayer at low temperatures to preferential fracture along the thickened Fe₂Nb RL at 1000 °C. These findings reveal the central role of intermetallic design in governing interfacial performance, demonstrating that controlling interfacial nanostructures is a critical strategy for fabricating high-strength dissimilar joints.

连接超高强度马氏体时效钢和高熵合金（HEAs）对于先进应用至关重要。然而，脆性金属间化合物的形成往往限制了界面性能。在这里，我们展示了一种快速热压缩键合策略，该策略使用铌（Nb）中间层来控制界面反应，并在18Ni350马氏体时效钢和AlNbTi3Zr1.5 HEA之间产生高强度接头。系统地研究了结合温度对界面显微组织、力学性能和断裂机制的影响。在850°C的最佳结合温度下，接头的抗拉强度超过1 GPa。这是由于在18Ni350/Nb界面处形成了一个连续的超薄纳米晶Fe2Nb反应层（RL），加上一个键合良好的无金属间化合物HEA/Nb界面。然而，当温度升高到1000℃时，Fe2Nb RL增厚至300 nm以上，晶粒粗化，接头强度降至747 MPa。相应的，断裂模式由低温时的界面和夹层复合断裂转变为1000℃时沿增厚的Fe2Nb RL优先断裂。这些发现揭示了金属间设计在控制界面性能方面的核心作用，表明控制界面纳米结构是制造高强度异种接头的关键策略。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced anti-plasticizer migration in GO/EPDM insulation for composite solid propellants: Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation 复合固体推进剂在氧化石墨烯/三元乙丙橡胶绝缘中增强抗增塑剂迁移：实验研究和分子动力学模拟

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115622

Zhehong Lu , Fuyao Chen , Baoying Liu , Yuanqing Xu , Xiaomin Fang , Wei Zhao , Tao Ding , Jiantong Li , Yubing Hu , Yiqing Xue , Wei Jiang

Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used as an insulation in composite solid propellants. However, the migration of plasticizers from the propellant into the insulation seriously affects the long-term reliability. In this study, graphene oxide (GO)/EPDM insulation were prepared and their anti-migration behavior against typical plasticizers, including dioctyl sebacate (DOS), N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxyethyl) nitramine (Bu-NENA), and nitroethyl nitrate (En), was systematically investigated. The incorporation of GO significantly reduced the migration of plasticizers through nanobarrier mechanism. Migration experiments showed that the overall performance was optimized at a GO content of 3 phr. Compared with pure EPDM, the equilibrium migration amount of DOS decreased to 37.17%, Bu-NENA to 24.69%, and En to 41.86%. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed higher storage modulus and lower tan δ, while contact angle tests revealed reduced wettability to plasticizers, both evidencing stronger interfacial interactions and weaker thermodynamic compatibility. SEM and XRD demonstrated that GO nanosheets were well dispersed, constructing tortuous diffusion pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD simulations) further verified the mechanism, showing that the diffusion coefficient of DOS decreased by ∼ 32% in GO/EPDM, and binding energy analysis indicated reduced compatibility between plasticizers and the GO/EPDM. This research provide a practical route for designing high-performance anti-migration insulation.

三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）是一种广泛应用于复合固体推进剂的绝缘材料。然而，增塑剂从推进剂向绝缘体的迁移严重影响了绝缘体的长期可靠性。在本研究中，制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)/EPDM绝热材料，并系统地研究了其对典型增塑剂（包括癸二酸二辛酯（DOS）、n -丁基-n -（2-硝基乙基）硝胺（Bu-NENA）和硝酸硝基乙酯（En））的抗迁移行为。氧化石墨烯的掺入显著减少了增塑剂通过纳米屏障机制的迁移。迁移实验表明，当氧化石墨烯含量为3 phr时，整体性能最优。与纯EPDM相比，DOS的平衡迁移量降至37.17%，Bu-NENA降至24.69%，En降至41.86%。动态力学分析证实了较高的存储模量和较低的tan δ，而接触角测试表明增塑剂的润湿性降低，两者都表明界面相互作用更强，热力学相容性更弱。SEM和XRD分析表明，氧化石墨烯纳米片具有良好的分散性，形成了弯曲的扩散路径。分子动力学模拟（MD模拟）进一步验证了这一机制，表明DOS在GO/EPDM中的扩散系数降低了~ 32%，结合能分析表明增塑剂与GO/EPDM之间的相容性降低。本研究为设计高性能抗迁移绝缘材料提供了一条实用途径。

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引用次数: 0

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs)-based optogenetic platform reprogramming the tumor microenvironment of MSS colorectal cancer 基于共轭聚合物纳米粒子（CPNs）的光遗传平台重编程MSS结直肠癌的肿瘤微环境

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115611

Miaomiao Gou , Xuancheng Fu , Gang Song , Chang Liu , Yong Zhang , Fengting Lv , Guanghai Dai

Microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors, characterized by an immune-desert tumor microenvironment (TME), are notoriously resistant to systemic immunotherapies. Herein, near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoplatform based on donor–acceptor structured conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) coupled with a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-driven plasmid co-encoding IFN-γ, IL-2, and EGFP was developed to reprogramme the TME. CPN-mediated photothermal heating induces localized plasmid transcription, enabling paracrine release of IFN-γ and IL-2. These cytokines are predicted to drive macrophage repolarization toward an M1-like phenotype and enhance T cell proliferation via JAK–STAT signaling, thereby converting immunologically “cold” MSS tumors into “hot” lesions amenable to immune attack. This strategy offers a spatially controlled approach to bypass systemic toxicity while potentiating antitumor immunity.

微卫星稳定（MSS）肿瘤以免疫荒漠肿瘤微环境（TME）为特征，对全身免疫治疗具有耐药性。在此，基于供体-受体结构共轭聚合物纳米颗粒（CPNs）的近红外（NIR）响应纳米平台与热休克蛋白70 （HSP70）驱动的质粒共同编码IFN-γ、IL-2和EGFP，开发了对TME进行重编程的纳米平台。cpn介导的光热加热诱导局部质粒转录，使旁分泌释放IFN-γ和IL-2。据预测，这些细胞因子驱动巨噬细胞向m1样表型再极化，并通过JAK-STAT信号增强T细胞增殖，从而将免疫上的“冷”MSS肿瘤转化为可接受免疫攻击的“热”病变。这种策略提供了一种空间控制的方法来绕过全身毒性，同时增强抗肿瘤免疫。

引用次数: 0

Pd-free activation for low-loss silver-coated polymer waveguides in millimeter-wave transmission 毫米波传输中低损耗镀银聚合物波导的无钯活化

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115607

Yongliu Yu , Jin Leng , Liang-Hui Du , Zhao-Hui Zhai , Peng Chen , Yuxi Liu , Liying Chen , Li-Guo Zhu , Qiwu Shi

Waveguides are crucial components for enabling stable signal links in rapidly developing millimeter-wave and terahertz applications. Among various configurations, metal-coated polymeric hollow waveguides offer a compelling combination of low transmission loss, lightweight flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, yet their reliable fabrication remains challenging. The conventional approaches, which typically rely on palladium-based activation to achieve metal-polymer adhesion, suffer from high cost, limited scalability, and environmental concerns. This work proposes a disruptive Pd-free surface modification strategy using a silane coupling agent to address the intrinsic adhesion issue between polycarbonate substrates and silver coatings. The introduced aminosilane layer forms chemical bonds onto the inner surface of a polymer hollow tube, enabling the further growth of silver layer. Through systematic parameter optimization, we fabricated polymer hollow-core waveguide with a silver-plated inner surface, achieving lengths of up to 4 m and a transmission loss as low as 0.73 dB/m at 220 GHz—a value approaching the theoretical limit. Furthermore, we demonstrated a prototype automotive millimeter-wave radar system incorporating the fabricated waveguide for ranging applications. This work establishes a scalable, low-cost, and efficient pathway to high-performance hollow waveguides, suitable for advanced millimeter-wave and terahertz systems in communications, data center interconnects, sensing, and beyond.

在快速发展的毫米波和太赫兹应用中，波导是实现稳定信号链路的关键部件。在各种配置中，金属涂层聚合物中空波导提供了低传输损耗、轻量化灵活性和成本效益的引人注目的组合，但其可靠的制造仍然具有挑战性。传统的方法通常依赖于钯基活化来实现金属-聚合物的粘附，存在成本高、可扩展性有限和环境问题。本研究提出了一种使用硅烷偶联剂的破坏性无pd表面改性策略，以解决聚碳酸酯基材与银涂层之间的内在粘附问题。引入的氨基硅烷层在聚合物中空管的内表面形成化学键，使银层进一步生长。通过系统的参数优化，我们制作了内表面镀银的聚合物空心波导，在220 ghz下，波导长度可达4 m，传输损耗低至0.73 dB/m，接近理论极限。此外，我们展示了一个原型汽车毫米波雷达系统，该系统包含用于测距应用的制造波导。这项工作建立了一种可扩展、低成本和高效的高性能空心波导途径，适用于通信、数据中心互连、传感等领域的先进毫米波和太赫兹系统。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-based polyamide 1012 powder with strengthened hydrogen bonding interactions for sustainable laser additive manufacturing 增强氢键相互作用的生物基聚酰胺1012粉末用于可持续激光增材制造

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115659

Siying Xiang , Yi Luo , Jiebin Wen , Minzhe Peng , Guangxian Li , Yajiang Huang

Bio-based polyamide powders, such as polyamide 1012 (PA1012), are promising materials for sustainable laser additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. However, they generally exhibit poor processability and high moisture sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate that the AM behavior and water resistance of PA1012 could be enhanced by regulating intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Stronger hydrogen bonds formed in PA1012 powders upon incorporating a thermoplastic phenolic resin (PF), leading to broader processing windows and lower melt viscosities, allowing the fabrication of parts with fewer defects and superior mechanical performance. Incorporating 5–15 wt% PF reduced the water absorption of PA1012 parts by 54–57 %, thereby largely improving their mechanical and dimensional stabilities in humid conditions. Moreover, PF suppressed the post-condensation and deterioration of unfused powders. Therefore, strengthening the hydrogen bonding interactions in polyamide powder offers a simple strategy to enhance the part performance in humid conditions and promote the sustainability of laser additive manufacturing.

生物基聚酰胺粉末，如聚酰胺1012 (PA1012)，是一种有前途的可持续激光增材制造（AM）技术材料。然而，它们通常表现出较差的加工性和高水分敏感性。在此，我们证明了PA1012的AM行为和耐水性可以通过调节分子间氢键相互作用来增强。在加入热塑性酚醛树脂（PF）后，PA1012粉末中形成了更强的氢键，导致更宽的加工窗口和更低的熔体粘度，允许制造缺陷更少、机械性能更好的零件。加入5-15 wt%的PF可使PA1012部件的吸水性降低54 - 57%，从而大大提高其在潮湿条件下的机械和尺寸稳定性。此外，PF还抑制了未熔合粉末的后冷凝和变质。因此，增强聚酰胺粉末中的氢键相互作用为提高潮湿条件下的零件性能和促进激光增材制造的可持续性提供了一种简单的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature and humidity effects on moisture diffusion in epoxy molding compound based on Fickian, dual-stage and Langmuir models 基于Fickian、dual-stage和Langmuir模型的温度和湿度对环氧成型复合材料中水分扩散的影响

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115550

Yang Yang , Rui Ma , Chen Peng , Haoning Dong , Jingyi Zhao , Hualong Fu , Meiying Su , Qidong Wang , Liqiang Cao

Epoxy molding compound (EMC) is a critical material in advanced packaging, as its moisture diffusion behavior significantly impacts the long-term reliability of packaged devices. The moisture diffusion behavior of EMC was investigated under varying temperature and humidity conditions through moisture absorption experiments, and the corresponding diffusion mechanisms were analyzed using the Fickian, dual-stage, and Langmuir models. The results showed that the Fickian model was only applicable under low humidity and temperature conditions. Although the dual-stage model fit well, its assumption of “independent diffusion of bound water” contradicted experimental observations. The Langmuir model also achieved high fitting accuracy. This study also established temperature–humidity-dependent functions for EMC moisture-related parameters. As the temperature increased, the bound water content increased exponentially, along with the transformation probability of free-bound water and the diffusion coefficient. Under medium humidity, the moisture content increased linearly with humidity, while the transformation probability and diffusion coefficient decreased linearly. At high humidity, capillary condensation became the dominant process, leading to a sharp increase in saturated moisture content, diffusion coefficient, and conversion probability. Low-temperature liquid-nitrogen adsorption experiments confirmed the occurrence of capillary condensation.

环氧成型复合材料（EMC）是先进封装中的关键材料，其水分扩散行为对封装器件的长期可靠性有重要影响。通过吸湿实验研究了不同温度和湿度条件下电磁相容材料的水分扩散行为，并采用Fickian、双阶段和Langmuir模型分析了相应的扩散机制。结果表明，菲克模型仅适用于低湿度和低温度条件。虽然双阶段模型拟合良好，但其“束缚水独立扩散”的假设与实验观测相矛盾。Langmuir模型也取得了较高的拟合精度。本研究还建立了EMC湿度相关参数的温度-湿度相关函数。随着温度的升高，束缚水含量呈指数增长，自由束缚水的转变概率和扩散系数也呈指数增长。在中等湿度条件下，含水率随湿度线性增加，而转化概率和扩散系数线性降低。在高湿条件下，毛细凝结成为主导过程，导致饱和含水率、扩散系数和转化概率急剧增加。低温液氮吸附实验证实了毛细管冷凝的发生。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene/MXene modified polyurethane flexible nanomembrane for dual-functional pressure-temperature sensing 双功能压力-温度传感用石墨烯/MXene改性聚氨酯柔性纳米膜

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115606

Xue Zhang , Shengbin Cao , Xiaosong Liu , Tianchan Jia , Kai Dong

Flexible sensors have shown significant potential for applications in smart wearable devices, electronic skin, and health monitoring. However, developing high-performance sensors with a wide sensing range and high sensitivity using simple and cost-effective fabrication methods remains a challenge. Unlike traditional single-function sensors that can only detect strain, a flexible wearable pressure–temperature dual-functional sensor based on an electrospun nanofiber platform was developed in this study. A resistive pressure sensor was fabricated by spraying a graphene/MXene composite solution onto polyurethane (PU) nanofibers film. Additionally, a resistive temperature sensor was also coupled onto the pressure sensor by combining graphene/MXene with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), forming a dual-functional sensor. The fabricated sensors exhibit ultra-high sensitivity (GF ≈ 1200), fast response times (110 ms), high durability, and stable performance without degradation even after up to 5,000 cycles of motion. This dual-functional sensor can achieve precise temperature detection with a resolution of 1 °C. In practical applications, the sensor can be comfortably worn on the wrist, enabling real-time monitoring of subtle strain changes such as pulse beats and large strain variations like finger bending, as well as temperature fluctuations such as body temperature.

柔性传感器在智能可穿戴设备、电子皮肤和健康监测方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。然而，使用简单和经济的制造方法开发具有宽传感范围和高灵敏度的高性能传感器仍然是一个挑战。与传统的单功能传感器只能检测应变不同，本研究开发了一种基于静电纺纳米纤维平台的柔性可穿戴压力-温度双功能传感器。在聚氨酯（PU）纳米纤维薄膜上喷涂石墨烯/MXene复合溶液，制备了一种电阻式压力传感器。此外，通过将石墨烯/MXene与聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸盐）（PEDOT:PSS）结合，将电阻式温度传感器耦合到压力传感器上，形成双功能传感器。制造的传感器具有超高灵敏度（GF≈1200），快速响应时间（110 ms），高耐久性和稳定的性能，即使在高达5000次的运动循环后也不会下降。这种双功能传感器可以实现精确的温度检测，分辨率为1°C。在实际应用中，该传感器可以舒适地佩戴在手腕上，可以实时监测脉搏跳动等细微的应变变化和手指弯曲等大应变变化，以及体温波动等温度波动。

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