Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113851
N.Y. Kim , N.H. Kim , M.K. Razali , H.M. Lee , M.S. Joun
Cylindrical tensile testing is critically reviewed focusing on the gage length per diameter (GLPD) and its effect on the elongation. Flow behaviors and patterns of representative cold forging materials of SCM435, SWCH45F, S25C, SWCH10A, SUS304, A6061, and ESW105 are revealed focusing on accurately predicting their tensile tests with various GLPDs using the combined elastoplastic FEM and tensile test method (EP_CFTM). A GLPD-elongation curve, called numerical elongation calibration curve, is numerically constructed, revealing that the elongation of ESW105 changes around 22.1% when the GLPD changes from 3.98 to 5. A concept of cyber standard tensile test (CSTT) of the numerical specimen with a fixed GLPD of five, based on finite element method (FEM) with accurate flow functions, is proposed to improve the objectivity of tensile testing of circular specimens. The CSTT removes the effect of the gage length of the cylindrical tensile test on the tensile testing results. A novel analytical elongation calibration function is presented and numerically validated. This function simply maps an experimental tensile test to the analytical tensile test of the specimen with arbitrary GLPD.
{"title":"Analytical and numerical evaluation of the relationship between elongation calibration function and cyber standard tensile tests for ductile materials","authors":"N.Y. Kim , N.H. Kim , M.K. Razali , H.M. Lee , M.S. Joun","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cylindrical tensile testing is critically reviewed focusing on the gage length per diameter (GLPD) and its effect on the elongation. Flow behaviors and patterns of representative cold forging materials of SCM435, SWCH45F, S25C, SWCH10A, SUS304, A6061, and ESW105 are revealed focusing on accurately predicting their tensile tests with various GLPDs using the combined elastoplastic FEM and tensile test method (EP_CFTM). A GLPD-elongation curve, called numerical elongation calibration curve, is numerically constructed, revealing that the elongation of ESW105 changes around 22.1% when the GLPD changes from 3.98 to 5. A concept of cyber standard tensile test (CSTT) of the numerical specimen with a fixed GLPD of five, based on finite element method (FEM) with accurate flow functions, is proposed to improve the objectivity of tensile testing of circular specimens. The CSTT removes the effect of the gage length of the cylindrical tensile test on the tensile testing results. A novel analytical elongation calibration function is presented and numerically validated. This function simply maps an experimental tensile test to the analytical tensile test of the specimen with arbitrary GLPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113851"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113841
Jinpeng Gao , Chuanjie Zhang , Jiyu Zhao , Qingbo Guo , Dake Wang , Zhenkun Fu , Sen Lin , Xifan Mei , Shurui Chen
The surge in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a key factor in making this injury irreversible. How to intervene effectively is the basis of therapeutic strategy design. In our study, we explored the potential of Prussian blue nanase, which has catalase and superoxide dismutase-like activity. However, given their high immunogenicity, we chose to leverage the low immunogenicity and biosafety of exosomes to enhance the delivery of these nanase. Recognizing the prevalence of M1 microglia in local inflammation, we used exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as vectors. These exosomes are further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form nanoplatforms (EXO/PB) that specifically target inflammation. HA binding enables EXO/PB to locate on M1 microglia, promoting ROS clearance and facilitating the transition from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Our results show that EXO/PB not only targets M1 microglia, but also leverages the ROS clearance capabilities of Prussian blue nanozymes to influence this phenotypic transition. Finally, EXO/PB provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.
{"title":"Exosome coated with Prussian blue mediated microglial polarization for spinal cord injury","authors":"Jinpeng Gao , Chuanjie Zhang , Jiyu Zhao , Qingbo Guo , Dake Wang , Zhenkun Fu , Sen Lin , Xifan Mei , Shurui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surge in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a key factor in making this injury irreversible. How to intervene effectively is the basis of therapeutic strategy design. In our study, we explored the potential of Prussian blue nanase, which has catalase and superoxide dismutase-like activity. However, given their high immunogenicity, we chose to leverage the low immunogenicity and biosafety of exosomes to enhance the delivery of these nanase. Recognizing the prevalence of M1 microglia in local inflammation, we used exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as vectors. These exosomes are further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form nanoplatforms (EXO/PB) that specifically target inflammation. HA binding enables EXO/PB to locate on M1 microglia, promoting ROS clearance and facilitating the transition from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Our results show that EXO/PB not only targets M1 microglia, but also leverages the ROS clearance capabilities of Prussian blue nanozymes to influence this phenotypic transition. Finally, EXO/PB provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113841"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113842
Haifeng Wang , Wencan Zhang , Yiming Ren , Jincheng Lu , Shen Liu , Liang Liu , Peng Zhang , Zhijian Wei , Dachuan Wang , Liang Chen
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a formidable clinical challenge due to the central nervous system’s limited regenerative capacity and the hostile microenvironment characterized by impaired axonal regeneration. Emerging therapeutic strategies employing co-transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) have shown promise through dual mechanisms of cellular replacement and neurotrophic factor delivery. However, suboptimal cell survival, incomplete neuronal differentiation, and the lack of endogenous electrophysiological cues persistently undermine therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, we developed an innovative piezoelectric hydrogel-based platform integrating ultrasound-driven bioelectrical stimulation with three-dimensional cellular co-delivery. This system leverages the unique properties of piezoelectric hydrogels to generate localized electrical fields under non-invasive ultrasound actuation, while simultaneously serving as a biomimetic scaffold for NSCs/SCs co-culture. In vitro analyses revealed that the piezoelectric stimulation significantly enhanced neuronal differentiation efficiency and promoted robust remyelination. In murine models of complete spinal cord transection, the synergistic system demonstrated multifaceted therapeutic effects: 1) enhanced NSCs-derived neuron survival, 2) increased synaptic density, and 3) accelerated motor function recovery. These findings establish a paradigm-shifting approach that orchestrates biophysical (electrical) and biochemical (cellular) regulatory cues to reconstruct spinal cord circuitry, offering new insights into developing multimodal neuroregenerative therapies for SCI.
{"title":"Ultrasound-driven piezoelectric hydrogel enhances Schwann/neural stem cells Co-transplantation for spinal cord injury repair","authors":"Haifeng Wang , Wencan Zhang , Yiming Ren , Jincheng Lu , Shen Liu , Liang Liu , Peng Zhang , Zhijian Wei , Dachuan Wang , Liang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a formidable clinical challenge due to the central nervous system’s limited regenerative capacity and the hostile microenvironment characterized by impaired axonal regeneration. Emerging therapeutic strategies employing co-transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) have shown promise through dual mechanisms of cellular replacement and neurotrophic factor delivery. However, suboptimal cell survival, incomplete neuronal differentiation, and the lack of endogenous electrophysiological cues persistently undermine therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, we developed an innovative piezoelectric hydrogel-based platform integrating ultrasound-driven bioelectrical stimulation with three-dimensional cellular co-delivery. This system leverages the unique properties of piezoelectric hydrogels to generate localized electrical fields under non-invasive ultrasound actuation, while simultaneously serving as a biomimetic scaffold for NSCs/SCs co-culture. In vitro analyses revealed that the piezoelectric stimulation significantly enhanced neuronal differentiation efficiency and promoted robust remyelination. In murine models of complete spinal cord transection, the synergistic system demonstrated multifaceted therapeutic effects: 1) enhanced NSCs-derived neuron survival, 2) increased synaptic density, and 3) accelerated motor function recovery. These findings establish a paradigm-shifting approach that orchestrates biophysical (electrical) and biochemical (cellular) regulatory cues to reconstruct spinal cord circuitry, offering new insights into developing multimodal neuroregenerative therapies for SCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113842"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113838
Viktor Wessely , Indranil Basu , Jeffrey M. Wheeler , Robin E. Schäublin , Ueli Töpfer , Stephan S.A. Gerstl , Stefan Pogatscher , Peter J. Uggowitzer , Jörg F. Löffler
While dispersoid-modified Al–Zn–Mg alloys have improved thermal stability compared to their unmodified variants, they generally exhibit a reduced age-hardening potential. In the current work, Al–Zn–Mg alloys with Hf and Zr additions below 1 wt% were systematically studied with respect to the influence of the induced Hf–Zr-rich Al3X dispersoids on the Mg–Zn precipitation hardening response. A multiscale analysis was applied using correlative instrumented indentation, electron microscopy and atom probe tomography to derive the microstructure-property relationships in these alloys, with a focus on the precipitation behavior during the aging process. The results are compared to a reference dispersoid-free Al–Zn–Mg alloy subjected to the same aging treatment. A heterogeneous microstructure consisting of dispersoid-rich dendritic regions surrounded by dispersoid-free interdendritic regions was identified, with coarser Mg–Zn precipitation in the former. Via indentation mapping, we show that these local composition gradients correlate with spatial fluctuations in hardness. Related quantitative analysis indicates that the observed reduced macroscopic hardening potential during a 140 °C aging treatment of the dispersoid-modified alloys results from the coarser precipitates in the dispersoid-rich regions.
{"title":"A multiscale investigation of hardening behavior in dispersoid-modified AlZnMg alloys","authors":"Viktor Wessely , Indranil Basu , Jeffrey M. Wheeler , Robin E. Schäublin , Ueli Töpfer , Stephan S.A. Gerstl , Stefan Pogatscher , Peter J. Uggowitzer , Jörg F. Löffler","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While dispersoid-modified Al–Zn–Mg alloys have improved thermal stability compared to their unmodified variants, they generally exhibit a reduced age-hardening potential. In the current work, Al–Zn–Mg alloys with Hf and Zr additions below 1 wt% were systematically studied with respect to the influence of the induced Hf–Zr-rich Al<sub>3</sub>X dispersoids on the Mg–Zn precipitation hardening response. A multiscale analysis was applied using correlative instrumented indentation, electron microscopy and atom probe tomography to derive the microstructure-property relationships in these alloys, with a focus on the precipitation behavior during the aging process. The results are compared to a reference dispersoid-free Al–Zn–Mg alloy subjected to the same aging treatment. A heterogeneous microstructure consisting of dispersoid-rich dendritic regions surrounded by dispersoid-free interdendritic regions was identified, with coarser Mg–Zn precipitation in the former. Via indentation mapping, we show that these local composition gradients correlate with spatial fluctuations in hardness. Related quantitative analysis indicates that the observed reduced macroscopic hardening potential during a 140 °C aging treatment of the dispersoid-modified alloys results from the coarser precipitates in the dispersoid-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113838"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113837
Prithwish Tarafder , Jinghao Xu , Anton Wiberg , Johan Moverare
Different electron beam path patterns realized in eight varying scanning strategies were adopted in an electron beam powder bed fusion machine to understand the effect of scan patterns on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel. Results showed that variation in localized microstructure is principally determined by the beam path length and the extent of melting-remelting cycles. Sporadic dislocation sub-structures were observed in scan strategies where thermal conditions were more turbulent than the reference raster scan, eventually leading to a different mechanical response despite their lower measured densities. Average yield strength and ultimate tensile strength surpassed the conventionally produced and subsequently annealed 316L; and were very close to the standards set forward for nuclear applications. This therefore opens up the possibility of using different scan strategies in an electron beam powder bed fusion system that can exploit the scan path design freedom and achieve localized microstructural and property differences. A proof-of-concept scaled-down version of an industrial component was fabricated with varying scan patterns at different areas and mechanically tested to showcase the feasibility of the presented approach.
{"title":"Assessing the effect of scan strategies on the structure-property relationship in electron beam powder bed fusion processed 316L stainless steel","authors":"Prithwish Tarafder , Jinghao Xu , Anton Wiberg , Johan Moverare","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different electron beam path patterns realized in eight varying scanning strategies were adopted in an electron beam powder bed fusion machine to understand the effect of scan patterns on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel. Results showed that variation in localized microstructure is principally determined by the beam path length and the extent of melting-remelting cycles. Sporadic dislocation sub-structures were observed in scan strategies where thermal conditions were more turbulent than the reference raster scan, eventually leading to a different mechanical response despite their lower measured densities. Average yield strength and ultimate tensile strength surpassed the conventionally produced and subsequently annealed 316L; and were very close to the standards set forward for nuclear applications. This therefore opens up the possibility of using different scan strategies in an electron beam powder bed fusion system that can exploit the scan path design freedom and achieve localized microstructural and property differences. A proof-of-concept scaled-down version of an industrial component was fabricated with varying scan patterns at different areas and mechanically tested to showcase the feasibility of the presented approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113837"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113828
Yuan Ye , Yuyong Chen , Yu Zhang , Shuzhi Zhang , Jianfei Sun
TiAl alloys are lightweight, high-strength, and have good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, rendering them appealing for high-temperature applications. However, their difficult processing, and limited ductility at ambient temperatures have hindered their widespread application. Here, we report fabrication of a Ti-43Al-9 V-0.3Y alloy with a novel lamellar-network two-scale structure comprising an inner α2/γ lamellar colony + outer β0/γ phases via semi-solid forging process. The formation of this lamellar-network two-scale structure is elucidated from the perspective of the solute diffusion and redistribution occurring, and occurs due to liquid segregation and a non-equilibrium transition of L → β(β0) + α at late solidification. Compared to the as-cast alloy, the semi-solid forged alloy exhibits significant increases in elongation and tensile strength at room temperature and 800°C. The high density of dislocations and mechanical twins in the β0/γ phases and special α2/γ lamellae during tensile deformation effectively release the plastic deformation potential of the TiAl alloy at room temperature. Moreover, the abundant nano-twins in the β0/γ phase and γ dynamic recrystallization behavior at 800 ℃ significantly enhance the high-temperature plasticity. This approach and microstructure offer a promising solution to the engineering challenges posed by the low room-temperature ductility and limited hot-working ability of TiAl alloys.
{"title":"High-performing TiAl alloy with lamellar-network two-scale structure via semi-solid forging and its non-equilibrium solidification mechanism","authors":"Yuan Ye , Yuyong Chen , Yu Zhang , Shuzhi Zhang , Jianfei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiAl alloys are lightweight, high-strength, and have good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, rendering them appealing for high-temperature applications. However, their difficult processing, and limited ductility at ambient temperatures have hindered their widespread application. Here, we report fabrication of a Ti-43Al-9 V-0.3Y alloy with a novel lamellar-network two-scale structure comprising an inner α<sub>2</sub>/γ lamellar colony + outer β<sub>0</sub>/γ phases via semi-solid forging process. The formation of this lamellar-network two-scale structure is elucidated from the perspective of the solute diffusion and redistribution occurring, and occurs due to liquid segregation and a non-equilibrium transition of L → β(β<sub>0</sub>) + α at late solidification. Compared to the as-cast alloy, the semi-solid forged alloy exhibits significant increases in elongation and tensile strength at room temperature and 800°C. The high density of dislocations and mechanical twins in the β<sub>0</sub>/γ phases and special α<sub>2</sub>/γ lamellae during tensile deformation effectively release the plastic deformation potential of the TiAl alloy at room temperature. Moreover, the abundant nano-twins in the β<sub>0</sub>/γ phase and γ dynamic recrystallization behavior at 800 ℃ significantly enhance the high-temperature plasticity. This approach and microstructure offer a promising solution to the engineering challenges posed by the low room-temperature ductility and limited hot-working ability of TiAl alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113828"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113833
Apratim Chakraborty , Manvinder Lalh , Étienne Martin , Heidar Karimialavijeh , Adam Bejarano , Andrew Wessman , Yu Zou , Mahdi Habibnejad-Korayem
The focus of this work was to determine the effect of carbon blending on powder-part properties of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. To assess this, carbon blends of both grade 5 and grade 23 from 0.1-1.0 wt% C were prepared. Part printability using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was assessed by measuring the segregation, flowability, rheology, and spreadability of the powder. Blend quality was assessed chemically and visually via computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Carbon blends above 0.25 wt% C produced significant segregation of carbon particles. Agglomerated carbon segregates acted as barriers to flow causing the reduction in dynamic flow by 40–60% compared to the virgin powders. High carbon contents also limited powder spreadability by promoting large streaks during powder spreading. Below 0.25 wt% C, the deleterious effects of segregation, flowability, and spreadability were reduced and the powder characteristics were comparable to the processable virgin powders. Printed parts exhibited very small effect of carbon blending on the density and micro-hardness of the material. The grade 23 powder is more suitable for carbon blending and offers the highest part densities and lowest variation in material hardness. This is attributed to lesser carbon agglomeration, better powder flow, and fewer interstitial elements.
{"title":"Influence of carbon on the rheology and additive manufacturability of Ti-6Al-4V powders","authors":"Apratim Chakraborty , Manvinder Lalh , Étienne Martin , Heidar Karimialavijeh , Adam Bejarano , Andrew Wessman , Yu Zou , Mahdi Habibnejad-Korayem","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this work was to determine the effect of carbon blending on powder-part properties of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. To assess this, carbon blends of both grade 5 and grade 23 from 0.1-1.0 wt% C were prepared. Part printability using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was assessed by measuring the segregation, flowability, rheology, and spreadability of the powder. Blend quality was assessed chemically and visually via computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Carbon blends above 0.25 wt% C produced significant segregation of carbon particles. Agglomerated carbon segregates acted as barriers to flow causing the reduction in dynamic flow by 40–60% compared to the virgin powders. High carbon contents also limited powder spreadability by promoting large streaks during powder spreading. Below 0.25 wt% C, the deleterious effects of segregation, flowability, and spreadability were reduced and the powder characteristics were comparable to the processable virgin powders. Printed parts exhibited very small effect of carbon blending on the density and micro-hardness of the material. The grade 23 powder is more suitable for carbon blending and offers the highest part densities and lowest variation in material hardness. This is attributed to lesser carbon agglomeration, better powder flow, and fewer interstitial elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113833"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113836
Bobo Lu, Kai Tang, Mingxia Wu, Yi Yang, Gang Yang
Electric pulse treatment (EPT) effectively enhances material plasticity but typically compromises strength, and the combined mechanisms of pulsed current on dislocation evolution and grain rotation remain unclear. Here, HAl66-6–3-2 alloy was subjected to EPT, and the results revealed that the EPT sample achieved an increase in plasticity without compromising the strength, with an elongation rate enhancement of 69.89 %. The changes in performance are mainly attributed to three aspects: grain refinement, slight decrease in dislocation density, and the formation of strong {632}<223> texture during the EPT. Unlike the untreated (UT) samples with entangled dislocations, under the coupling effect of Joule heating and non-thermal effect, the dislocations in EPT samples exhibited directionality, primarily composed of a series of parallel dislocation pairs. The formation of the strong {632}<223> texture primarily relied on grain boundary migration and grain rotation, with both Joule heating and non-thermal effect facilitating rapid grain boundary migration. At low-angle grain boundaries, the pulsed current facilitated grain rotation, transforming low-angle grain boundaries in the β phase into high-angle grain boundaries. The study demonstrates EPT can promote the movement of atoms and regulate the microstructure, which is of great significance for the subsequent control of alloy properties.
{"title":"Electric pulse improving the plasticity of the HAl66-6-3-2 alloy by promoting the formation of specific oriented texture","authors":"Bobo Lu, Kai Tang, Mingxia Wu, Yi Yang, Gang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric pulse treatment (EPT) effectively enhances material plasticity but typically compromises strength, and the combined mechanisms of pulsed current on dislocation evolution and grain rotation remain unclear. Here, HAl66-6–3-2 alloy was subjected to EPT, and the results revealed that the EPT sample achieved an increase in plasticity without compromising the strength, with an elongation rate enhancement of 69.89 %. The changes in performance are mainly attributed to three aspects: grain refinement, slight decrease in dislocation density, and the formation of strong {632}<223> texture during the EPT. Unlike the untreated (UT) samples with entangled dislocations, under the coupling effect of Joule heating and non-thermal effect, the dislocations in EPT samples exhibited directionality, primarily composed of a series of parallel dislocation pairs. The formation of the strong {632}<223> texture primarily relied on grain boundary migration and grain rotation, with both Joule heating and non-thermal effect facilitating rapid grain boundary migration. At low-angle grain boundaries, the pulsed current facilitated grain rotation, transforming low-angle grain boundaries in the <em>β</em> phase into high-angle grain boundaries. The study demonstrates EPT can promote the movement of atoms and regulate the microstructure, which is of great significance for the subsequent control of alloy properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113836"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113834
Qiang Lang , Taotao Li , Muhammad Shehryar Khan , Gang Song , Liming Liu
Achieving coherent interface matching between immiscible Mg and Fe alloys is a significant challenge due to significant differences in their lattice constants and structures. Although the introduction of a third element into the interfacial metallurgical reaction has been explored before, it has been difficult to avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds with poor mechanical properties. This study presents a groundbreaking method that, for the first time in published literature, leverages in-situ Ni alloying with a flexible laser-arc hybrid heat source to create an exceptionally high-performing nanoscale double solid solution interface between immiscible Mg and Fe alloys. This processing approach enables the high metallurgical reaction temperatures required for immiscible and nonreactive systems. The resulting lattice formation, driven by localized elemental diffusion at elevated interfacial temperatures, fosters adaptive coherent matching across the entire Mg-Fe interface. This process successfully transforms the non-coherent lattice that is generally observed at the Mg/Fe interface into a coherent double solid solution interface with the bulk matrix on both sides, significantly enhancing bonding efficiency and performance. This study provides detailed advanced characterization of the nanoscale double solid solution structures observed at the interfaces of these immiscible dissimilar metals which has been previously unexplored in the literature.
{"title":"Characterizing nanoscale coherent double-solid-solution interfaces between non-reactive Mg and steel alloys","authors":"Qiang Lang , Taotao Li , Muhammad Shehryar Khan , Gang Song , Liming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving coherent interface matching between immiscible Mg and Fe alloys is a significant challenge due to significant differences in their lattice constants and structures. Although the introduction of a third element into the interfacial metallurgical reaction has been explored before, it has been difficult to avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds with poor mechanical properties. This study presents a groundbreaking method that, for the first time in published literature, leverages in-situ Ni alloying with a flexible laser-arc hybrid heat source to create an exceptionally high-performing nanoscale double solid solution interface between immiscible Mg and Fe alloys. This processing approach enables the high metallurgical reaction temperatures required for immiscible and nonreactive systems. The resulting lattice formation, driven by localized elemental diffusion at elevated interfacial temperatures, fosters adaptive coherent matching across the entire Mg-Fe interface. This process successfully transforms the non-coherent lattice that is generally observed at the Mg/Fe interface into a coherent double solid solution interface with the bulk matrix on both sides, significantly enhancing bonding efficiency and performance. This study provides detailed advanced characterization of the nanoscale double solid solution structures observed at the interfaces of these immiscible dissimilar metals which has been previously unexplored in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113834"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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