The definition of corruption, as well as the set of problems that corruption raises, are fundamentally changing due to the different angle from which we perceive it. Usually we cite sociological, legal, economic, political, psychological, ethical as the most common dimensions of this general social problem. This phenomenon is represented by the elementary definition of corruption as an abuse of public office for personal interest. At the heart of this phenomenon is a conflict between the general interest and the self-interest, in circumstances where the priority of self-interest is illegitimate. In this paper, we have provided the background of the most significant causes and consequences of corruption, emphasizing the possible problems with legal mechanisms. Corruption is a criminal offense and thus subject to legal regulation. This regulation is not sufficient to eradicate corruption. Corruption today is devastating and threatens the functioning of the society as a regulated system. We provided an analysis of this process and pointed out its ethical dimensions. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of the anti-corruption standpoint as an absolute duty. If every individual adopted Do Not Bribe!, on a personal level, as a perfect duty, corruption would stand no chance. Therefore, we should decentralize attention from the legal and other dimensions to the ethical dimension of the problem of corruption. We have shown in the paper that a clear decision not to participate in corruption due to its moral wrong is a necessary condition if it aims at weakening entrenched bribery practices. That decision is the matter of moral integrity. The conclusion is that any social anti-corruption strategy must start from the analysis of corruption as an action which is subject to ethical analysis.
{"title":"The moral condemnation of corruption","authors":"Katarina Majstorovic","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076599m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076599m","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of corruption, as well as the set of problems that corruption raises, are fundamentally changing due to the different angle from which we perceive it. Usually we cite sociological, legal, economic, political, psychological, ethical as the most common dimensions of this general social problem. This phenomenon is represented by the elementary definition of corruption as an abuse of public office for personal interest. At the heart of this phenomenon is a conflict between the general interest and the self-interest, in circumstances where the priority of self-interest is illegitimate. In this paper, we have provided the background of the most significant causes and consequences of corruption, emphasizing the possible problems with legal mechanisms. Corruption is a criminal offense and thus subject to legal regulation. This regulation is not sufficient to eradicate corruption. Corruption today is devastating and threatens the functioning of the society as a regulated system. We provided an analysis of this process and pointed out its ethical dimensions. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of the anti-corruption standpoint as an absolute duty. If every individual adopted Do Not Bribe!, on a personal level, as a perfect duty, corruption would stand no chance. Therefore, we should decentralize attention from the legal and other dimensions to the ethical dimension of the problem of corruption. We have shown in the paper that a clear decision not to participate in corruption due to its moral wrong is a necessary condition if it aims at weakening entrenched bribery practices. That decision is the matter of moral integrity. The conclusion is that any social anti-corruption strategy must start from the analysis of corruption as an action which is subject to ethical analysis.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90819123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serbia and the world are facing the largest health-cum-financial crisis in the living memory. By utilizing the novel class of macroeconomic SIR models, we demonstrate that neither its origin nor its transmission is fully exogenous, but crucially depends on the complicated interaction of governments, firms and individuals? economic behavior. Hence, COVID-19 epidemics and provoked public health response exhibit profound economic and financial consequences that may well be mutually reinforcing. Paper dismisses neoliberal approach to pandemics, but also criticizes Serbian public policy as palliative and erroneously obsessed with amassing life-support machines. In fact, we argue that small open economies should focus on providing obligatory epidemiological gear and disinfectants to their population for public use while awaiting more effective medical treatment, especially after quarantines get called off. In terms of macroprudential policy and measures aimed at mitigating the economic crisis, even though reasonable at the onset, they would have to be fine-tuned and more sector specific as pandemics subsides. Instead of numerical guesswork with regards to the key macroeconomic stats, we inspected Serbian constellation in terms of likely growth trajectories without and with the second wave of contagion. From purely macroeconomic perspective, much depends upon the size and probability of capital flow reversals which so often additionally worsen the initial financial havoc. Thus, on top of conventional policy instruments, capital controls should play a greater role and must be deployed counter-intuitively to ongoing practice.
{"title":"Macroeconomic implications of public policies in the pandemic-borne crisis","authors":"Marko Malovic","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076611m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076611m","url":null,"abstract":"Serbia and the world are facing the largest health-cum-financial crisis in the living memory. By utilizing the novel class of macroeconomic SIR models, we demonstrate that neither its origin nor its transmission is fully exogenous, but crucially depends on the complicated interaction of governments, firms and individuals? economic behavior. Hence, COVID-19 epidemics and provoked public health response exhibit profound economic and financial consequences that may well be mutually reinforcing. Paper dismisses neoliberal approach to pandemics, but also criticizes Serbian public policy as palliative and erroneously obsessed with amassing life-support machines. In fact, we argue that small open economies should focus on providing obligatory epidemiological gear and disinfectants to their population for public use while awaiting more effective medical treatment, especially after quarantines get called off. In terms of macroprudential policy and measures aimed at mitigating the economic crisis, even though reasonable at the onset, they would have to be fine-tuned and more sector specific as pandemics subsides. Instead of numerical guesswork with regards to the key macroeconomic stats, we inspected Serbian constellation in terms of likely growth trajectories without and with the second wave of contagion. From purely macroeconomic perspective, much depends upon the size and probability of capital flow reversals which so often additionally worsen the initial financial havoc. Thus, on top of conventional policy instruments, capital controls should play a greater role and must be deployed counter-intuitively to ongoing practice.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90888942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main subject of this research are doctoral studies of Bishop Irinej Ciric in Vienna at the Faculty for Philosophy (department for oriental studies and semitic phylology) from 1906 to 1908, as a contribution to the history of formation of the Serbian Old Testament biblical studies. Having in mind that the course of the highest academic education of one of the most renowned Serbian biblical scholars has not been a subject of the inquiry, this paper will analyze the documents from the Archive and the Library of Vienna University which present curriculum of subjects, notes on the rigorous exams at the and of the promotion and review of his doctoral dissertation. Special attention is dedicated to the analysis of content and to the literary-historical criticism as the main methodological framework of his dissertation. The paper will present some of his most influential teachers as well as the broader historical and academic context of studying in the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this research is to give insight into the implementation and transmission of academic patterns acquired in Vienna into the developing the Serbian Old Testament studies and further impact on its formation.
{"title":"Doctoral studies of Bishop Irinej Ciric in Vienna (1906-1908): A contribution to the formation of the history of the Serbian old testament biblical studies","authors":"Nenad Božović","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076543b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076543b","url":null,"abstract":"The main subject of this research are doctoral studies of Bishop Irinej Ciric in Vienna at the Faculty for Philosophy (department for oriental studies and semitic phylology) from 1906 to 1908, as a contribution to the history of formation of the Serbian Old Testament biblical studies. Having in mind that the course of the highest academic education of one of the most renowned Serbian biblical scholars has not been a subject of the inquiry, this paper will analyze the documents from the Archive and the Library of Vienna University which present curriculum of subjects, notes on the rigorous exams at the and of the promotion and review of his doctoral dissertation. Special attention is dedicated to the analysis of content and to the literary-historical criticism as the main methodological framework of his dissertation. The paper will present some of his most influential teachers as well as the broader historical and academic context of studying in the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this research is to give insight into the implementation and transmission of academic patterns acquired in Vienna into the developing the Serbian Old Testament studies and further impact on its formation.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80009813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In th? contribution, we will deal with an immanent textual analysis of the dynamics of the relationship between the Grand Inquisitor and Jesus in Karamazov Brothers. We will be primarily interested in the problem of the ironical dialectics that reverses the relationship between the originator of Christianity, the God Man, and His historical successor, the Church, so that the latter, strictly formally observerd, following the ultimate goal set by Jesus, ie. God Himself - reaches the very opposite side, obeying totally contrary principles. The matrix by which we will investigate this problem is the question of the author?s/establisher?s right for disposition of the sense, that is, the historical continuance of his work, to which the Inquisitor refers in his ingenious defense of his initially crypto-apostate, and finally fully apostate position.
{"title":"The Grand Inquisitor - a psycho-historical dialectics of a rebeled follower","authors":"Časlav D. Koprivica","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076471k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076471k","url":null,"abstract":"In th? contribution, we will deal with an immanent textual analysis of the dynamics of the relationship between the Grand Inquisitor and Jesus in Karamazov Brothers. We will be primarily interested in the problem of the ironical dialectics that reverses the relationship between the originator of Christianity, the God Man, and His historical successor, the Church, so that the latter, strictly formally observerd, following the ultimate goal set by Jesus, ie. God Himself - reaches the very opposite side, obeying totally contrary principles. The matrix by which we will investigate this problem is the question of the author?s/establisher?s right for disposition of the sense, that is, the historical continuance of his work, to which the Inquisitor refers in his ingenious defense of his initially crypto-apostate, and finally fully apostate position.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the first world classifications of Serbian wines based on Andr? Jullien?s famous Topographie de tous les Vignobles connus? published as early as 1816 (18222, 18323). It points to the far-reaching importance of Jullien?s work, clarifies the circumstances of its creation, its methodology, the significance and types of data presented, and, which is particularly important, identifies most of the sources used by the author. Jullien?s Topographie is not a perfect book free of geographical and historical errors, nor does it cover all winegrowing regions in the world. However, it is the first general classification of all wines, both French and ?foreign?, based on fairly clear criteria and written by an experienced and, as it seems, unprejudiced connoisseur. Its importance was recognized immediately after publication, and the global nature of its classification made it the basis for all similar undertakings. The analytical focus in the article is restricted to the territory of the present-day Serbia. In the Ottoman ?province? of Serbia, he singled out the environs of Belgrade as the most important winegrowing region, adding to it the environs of Pristina in the third edition. Wines produced in the eastern Srem (Karlovci) stand out in terms of quality. This overview also includes the winegrowing region of Banat with Vrsac and Bela Crkva (Weisskirchen). In the wine world of that time wines from Srem and Banat were classified as the wines of the Austrian Empire or, more narrowly, as Hungarian wines. Andr? Jullien obviously did not taste any of the mentioned Serbian wines personally. He relied above all on the information available in encyclopaedias, statistic records, geographies and travel accounts. The search for and identification of his sources has shown how thorough, consistent and honest he was in using such data. Undoubtedly, the best Serbian wines were made in and around Karlovci. A sweet red wine, Ausbruch, gained a high repute around the mid-18th century, retaining it into the 20th century. At first, Jullien classified it into the third and then into the exceptionally high second class of all world?s sweet red wines. For example, of all Hungarian wines, only Tokay was rated above it. Karlovci?s semi-sweet and dry wines received the same high second-class rating. Jullien?s classifications of Serbian wines confirmed the continued existence of high-quality winegrowing areas in what is now Serbia, from Roman times to the beginning of the 19th century.
{"title":"André Jullien and the first world classifications of Serbian wines(1816, 1822, and 1832)","authors":"Aleksandar Fotić","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076519f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076519f","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the first world classifications of Serbian wines based on Andr? Jullien?s famous Topographie de tous les Vignobles connus? published as early as 1816 (18222, 18323). It points to the far-reaching importance of Jullien?s work, clarifies the circumstances of its creation, its methodology, the significance and types of data presented, and, which is particularly important, identifies most of the sources used by the author. Jullien?s Topographie is not a perfect book free of geographical and historical errors, nor does it cover all winegrowing regions in the world. However, it is the first general classification of all wines, both French and ?foreign?, based on fairly clear criteria and written by an experienced and, as it seems, unprejudiced connoisseur. Its importance was recognized immediately after publication, and the global nature of its classification made it the basis for all similar undertakings. The analytical focus in the article is restricted to the territory of the present-day Serbia. In the Ottoman ?province? of Serbia, he singled out the environs of Belgrade as the most important winegrowing region, adding to it the environs of Pristina in the third edition. Wines produced in the eastern Srem (Karlovci) stand out in terms of quality. This overview also includes the winegrowing region of Banat with Vrsac and Bela Crkva (Weisskirchen). In the wine world of that time wines from Srem and Banat were classified as the wines of the Austrian Empire or, more narrowly, as Hungarian wines. Andr? Jullien obviously did not taste any of the mentioned Serbian wines personally. He relied above all on the information available in encyclopaedias, statistic records, geographies and travel accounts. The search for and identification of his sources has shown how thorough, consistent and honest he was in using such data. Undoubtedly, the best Serbian wines were made in and around Karlovci. A sweet red wine, Ausbruch, gained a high repute around the mid-18th century, retaining it into the 20th century. At first, Jullien classified it into the third and then into the exceptionally high second class of all world?s sweet red wines. For example, of all Hungarian wines, only Tokay was rated above it. Karlovci?s semi-sweet and dry wines received the same high second-class rating. Jullien?s classifications of Serbian wines confirmed the continued existence of high-quality winegrowing areas in what is now Serbia, from Roman times to the beginning of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79290558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we analyze the reactions collected in a word association test. A total of 654 respondents participated. The test included twelve stimuli related to Oriental peoples, languages and countries. The test was done through an online survey. The respondents cited words or word groups that first came to their minds while reading the given stimuli. We aimed to answer the question: what our knowledge of Oriental peoples is based on and what stereotypesand prejudices we hold about them. The attention is paid to two of the stimuli from the test - Persians and Persian. We look at the frequency and the variety of respondents? reactions. Furthermore, we analyze groups of reactions that belong to the same thematic field. Our results were compared with other ethnonymsfrom the same association test, which had previously been analyzed in other research papers. The most frequent reaction was carpet/carpets, due to the common collocation Persian carpet. Frequent reactions to Iran/Iranians, history and historical figures were also found. The most significant thematic fields are the following: war, history, intellectual and cultural heritage, religion, politics and numerous positive and neutral judgments and attitudes. Therefore, it seems that our stereotypes, judgments, and attitudes about Persians are based on secondary sources, rather than primary. As a result, they lack affective meanings and negative connotations. According to respondents? reactions, Persians are seen as ancient warriors, founders of an old culture and civilization, a nation with a rich cultural and intellectual heritage, descendants of significant historical figures and holders of many qualities, such as wit, wisdom, dignity, nobility, and other.
{"title":"Common Serbian stereotypes about Persians","authors":"I. Gligorijevic","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn2076579g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076579g","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the reactions collected in a word association test. A total of 654 respondents participated. The test included twelve stimuli related to Oriental peoples, languages and countries. The test was done through an online survey. The respondents cited words or word groups that first came to their minds while reading the given stimuli. We aimed to answer the question: what our knowledge of Oriental peoples is based on and what stereotypesand prejudices we hold about them. The attention is paid to two of the stimuli from the test - Persians and Persian. We look at the frequency and the variety of respondents? reactions. Furthermore, we analyze groups of reactions that belong to the same thematic field. Our results were compared with other ethnonymsfrom the same association test, which had previously been analyzed in other research papers. The most frequent reaction was carpet/carpets, due to the common collocation Persian carpet. Frequent reactions to Iran/Iranians, history and historical figures were also found. The most significant thematic fields are the following: war, history, intellectual and cultural heritage, religion, politics and numerous positive and neutral judgments and attitudes. Therefore, it seems that our stereotypes, judgments, and attitudes about Persians are based on secondary sources, rather than primary. As a result, they lack affective meanings and negative connotations. According to respondents? reactions, Persians are seen as ancient warriors, founders of an old culture and civilization, a nation with a rich cultural and intellectual heritage, descendants of significant historical figures and holders of many qualities, such as wit, wisdom, dignity, nobility, and other.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87819151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conceptualization of strategic culture, as a relatively new field of study, is a challenge for contemporary scientific thought. The complexity of strategic culture factors and their complex interdependence make the process of its understanding and definition extremely hard and almost elusive. However, the fact that the concept of strategic culture is accepted and used in practice indicates the necessity of its study, regardless of methodological problems and shortcomings connected with the accessibility to relevant data related to the national security issues. This is precisely the aim of this paper ? to analyze the main aspects of strategic culture which affect the national security system. On the one hand, strategic culture has a long-term impact on the organization and functioning of the national security system. On the other, it is also an analytical instrument that anticipates the behavior of international policy actors. It is certain that state-level decision makers, top management of the security system, intelligence and security intelligence analysts, and senior military leaders deal with the strategic culture, consciously or not. These are more than enough arguments to draw attention of the scientific and professional audience to strategic culture studies.
{"title":"Strategic culture and national security","authors":"V. Blagojević","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn1970163b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1970163b","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptualization of strategic culture, as a relatively new field of study, is a challenge for contemporary scientific thought. The complexity of strategic culture factors and their complex interdependence make the process of its understanding and definition extremely hard and almost elusive. However, the fact that the concept of strategic culture is accepted and used in practice indicates the necessity of its study, regardless of methodological problems and shortcomings connected with the accessibility to relevant data related to the national security issues. This is precisely the aim of this paper ? to analyze the main aspects of strategic culture which affect the national security system. On the one hand, strategic culture has a long-term impact on the organization and functioning of the national security system. On the other, it is also an analytical instrument that anticipates the behavior of international policy actors. It is certain that state-level decision makers, top management of the security system, intelligence and security intelligence analysts, and senior military leaders deal with the strategic culture, consciously or not. These are more than enough arguments to draw attention of the scientific and professional audience to strategic culture studies.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75881549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The establishment of health cooperatives is the milestone in the development of the health system in the Kingdom of SCS and later in Yugoslavia. Healthcare cooperatives were applied for the first time in our area with joint efforts of the Ministry of National Health, national movements and International Organizations, and above all the United States Mission to help the Serbian people. The heavy public health image of the people after the First World War initiated healthcare cooperatives. Numerous obstacles were in the path of establishment and development of health cooperatives. However, due to good organization, mutual coordination of all important agents and also solidarity of the cooperative spirit, these problems were surpassed. The positive role of health cooperatives can best be seen in comparing the results of public health problems after the World War I and in the period before the Second World War, as shown in the paper. The first health cooperatives were established in 1922, and until the beginning of the Second World War, their number had grown, as well as the number of cooperatives and beneficiaries of services provided by health cooperatives. One of the most significant obstacles in the establishment and operation of health cooperatives is the financial nature, but also the problems of the uneducated population and numerous ?inherited? problems in the national health after the previous wars. However, by means of good work, cooperatives has been saving and every year they have more and more money reinvested in the desire to improve their position and provide better health care. The role of a physician has changed from a passive one ?waiting? at an outpatient clinic for the patients to be examined to active one in which a cooperative doctor travels to the patients? locations with his team. This approach has strengthened prevention, reduced the number of people infected with infectious and other diseases and influenced the education of the population, which was prone to illiterate and poor educational status. The ?spirit? of cooperatives was strong and it was also one of the reasons for the great success of healthcare cooperatives. After initial success, experts from around the world - from Japan, China, India and USA, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, France were interested in transferring knowledge about the development of this innovative movement. Numerous healthcare cooperatives in the world have been created just by the model that our experts have developed. This global importance should be emphasized and new models of health care cooperatives are worth exploring further.
{"title":"Health cooperatives - a forgotten treasure","authors":"Мilorad Stamenovic","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn1969019s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1969019s","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of health cooperatives is the milestone in the development of the health system in the Kingdom of SCS and later in Yugoslavia. Healthcare cooperatives were applied for the first time in our area with joint efforts of the Ministry of National Health, national movements and International Organizations, and above all the United States Mission to help the Serbian people. The heavy public health image of the people after the First World War initiated healthcare cooperatives. Numerous obstacles were in the path of establishment and development of health cooperatives. However, due to good organization, mutual coordination of all important agents and also solidarity of the cooperative spirit, these problems were surpassed. The positive role of health cooperatives can best be seen in comparing the results of public health problems after the World War I and in the period before the Second World War, as shown in the paper. The first health cooperatives were established in 1922, and until the beginning of the Second World War, their number had grown, as well as the number of cooperatives and beneficiaries of services provided by health cooperatives. One of the most significant obstacles in the establishment and operation of health cooperatives is the financial nature, but also the problems of the uneducated population and numerous ?inherited? problems in the national health after the previous wars. However, by means of good work, cooperatives has been saving and every year they have more and more money reinvested in the desire to improve their position and provide better health care. The role of a physician has changed from a passive one ?waiting? at an outpatient clinic for the patients to be examined to active one in which a cooperative doctor travels to the patients? locations with his team. This approach has strengthened prevention, reduced the number of people infected with infectious and other diseases and influenced the education of the population, which was prone to illiterate and poor educational status. The ?spirit? of cooperatives was strong and it was also one of the reasons for the great success of healthcare cooperatives. After initial success, experts from around the world - from Japan, China, India and USA, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, France were interested in transferring knowledge about the development of this innovative movement. Numerous healthcare cooperatives in the world have been created just by the model that our experts have developed. This global importance should be emphasized and new models of health care cooperatives are worth exploring further.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74454572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reality TV concept has a dominant role in some commercial television stations with national frequency in Serbia. The tabloids, known for sensationalism, banalisation and domination in the press market, became their ?extended hand?, the promoters of their values. The focus of this article is on daily newspapers in Serbia - the various reality TV-related content on their front pages. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the authors look for the principles, the communication technology and the goals for which the domestic press promotes ?the reality values?. They have analyzed front pages of eight daily newspapers in Serbia (Politika, Danas, Vecernje novosti, Blic, Kurir, Alo, Srpski Telegraf and Informer) that were published during October 2018 and found related content on about 28 percent from the total number of front pages (counting the current reality TV formats and the reality TV stars from the earlier seasons). The results show a clear distinction between the serious press and the tabloids. The tabloids are very strong accomplices in the process of diverting public attention from important topics to trivia (in that context, for researching, the authors use agenda-setting theory, framing theory and similar concepts). If we look at five declared tabloids only, the share of front pages with related content in the total number of front pages is about 44 percent. The research identified another phenomenon - fabricating some other topics into a ?reality concept?. Also, by comparison with previous studies, it was shown that the aforementioned is not an isolated case in the selected period - it is a continuous occurrence. Reality content as we see it on the domestic scene is becoming more trivial from season to season and becoming more dangerous for the power of rational reasoning by their users and observers. Based on all of that, this content can be viewed through the meaning of consciousness reconstruction.
{"title":"Reality as a media doctrine of consciousness reconstruction through press","authors":"S. Petrovic, Predrag Bajic Dj.","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn1972603p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1972603p","url":null,"abstract":"The reality TV concept has a dominant role in some commercial television stations with national frequency in Serbia. The tabloids, known for sensationalism, banalisation and domination in the press market, became their ?extended hand?, the promoters of their values. The focus of this article is on daily newspapers in Serbia - the various reality TV-related content on their front pages. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the authors look for the principles, the communication technology and the goals for which the domestic press promotes ?the reality values?. They have analyzed front pages of eight daily newspapers in Serbia (Politika, Danas, Vecernje novosti, Blic, Kurir, Alo, Srpski Telegraf and Informer) that were published during October 2018 and found related content on about 28 percent from the total number of front pages (counting the current reality TV formats and the reality TV stars from the earlier seasons). The results show a clear distinction between the serious press and the tabloids. The tabloids are very strong accomplices in the process of diverting public attention from important topics to trivia (in that context, for researching, the authors use agenda-setting theory, framing theory and similar concepts). If we look at five declared tabloids only, the share of front pages with related content in the total number of front pages is about 44 percent. The research identified another phenomenon - fabricating some other topics into a ?reality concept?. Also, by comparison with previous studies, it was shown that the aforementioned is not an isolated case in the selected period - it is a continuous occurrence. Reality content as we see it on the domestic scene is becoming more trivial from season to season and becoming more dangerous for the power of rational reasoning by their users and observers. Based on all of that, this content can be viewed through the meaning of consciousness reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72596045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtue of loyalty represents one of the core virtues in democratic systems, as it enables the will of citizens to be implemented via decisions of elected government. Expertise represents a necessary attribute of every successful state apparatus, and it is an inevitable ingredient of all progress. This paper aims to explain the dynamic relationship between expertise and loyalty of non-elected personnel in democratic societies, with the focus on developing democracies, like the Serbian democracy. Neglection of loyalty to the legitimately elected government in favor of expertise undermines the core principles of democracy and drives a society into a sort of ?expert oligarchy?, in which there is no equality, and the will of the majority is ignored by the expert elite. On the other hand, neglection of expertise of appointed personnel in favor of their loyalty, as seen in the so-called spoils systems, is a recipe for a disaster and erosion of the entire society, as it places the state in the hands of ignorant laymen who can only offer unlimited loyalty. It is necessary to establish a minimum of expertise and loyalty of appointed, non-elected, personnel in democracies in order to create optimal conditions for progress. Inability to respect the principle of minimal expertise when appointing personnel in state apparatus suggests faulty policy and unfoundedness of policy of legitimately elected government.
{"title":"Democracy, expertise and loyalty: Spoils systems or experts’ oligarchy","authors":"Dragan Stanar","doi":"10.2298/zmsdn1972551s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1972551s","url":null,"abstract":"Virtue of loyalty represents one of the core virtues in democratic systems, as it enables the will of citizens to be implemented via decisions of elected government. Expertise represents a necessary attribute of every successful state apparatus, and it is an inevitable ingredient of all progress. This paper aims to explain the dynamic relationship between expertise and loyalty of non-elected personnel in democratic societies, with the focus on developing democracies, like the Serbian democracy. Neglection of loyalty to the legitimately elected government in favor of expertise undermines the core principles of democracy and drives a society into a sort of ?expert oligarchy?, in which there is no equality, and the will of the majority is ignored by the expert elite. On the other hand, neglection of expertise of appointed personnel in favor of their loyalty, as seen in the so-called spoils systems, is a recipe for a disaster and erosion of the entire society, as it places the state in the hands of ignorant laymen who can only offer unlimited loyalty. It is necessary to establish a minimum of expertise and loyalty of appointed, non-elected, personnel in democracies in order to create optimal conditions for progress. Inability to respect the principle of minimal expertise when appointing personnel in state apparatus suggests faulty policy and unfoundedness of policy of legitimately elected government.","PeriodicalId":40081,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti-Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86925389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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