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Socio-environmental factors influence on young track and field athletes participation in sport 社会环境因素对青少年田径运动员体育参与的影响
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.638
Asta Sarkauskiene, Bronė Švitrienė, Genovaitė Avižonienė
This research was aimed to identify the influence of socio-environmental factors on track and field athletes of age 13–17 participation in sport. Questionnaire method was used to examine 52 athletes (age 13–17). Interview method was applied to question 11 coaches of track and field athletics. Analysis of survey data revealed that the most important socio-environmental factor that determined cadets and juniors choice to engage in sport was a possibility to communicate with other athletes and coach (cadets – 60.2%; juniors – 66.7%). Young athletes attended trainings because of intentions to achieve high sport results (100% cadets; 92.6% juniors) and to participate in sport competitions (80.3% cadets; 88.9% juniors). Coaches’ interview revealed that choice of track and field athletics and frequency of participating in trainings were influenced by the complexity of socio-environmental factors: authority of the coach (regularity, ability to interest), parents’ and friends’ recommendations, conditions of trainings. Conclusion. Social factors were of major importance for cadets and juniors in choosing track and field athletics, though self-realization goals were of higher importance for young athletes when participating in sport. KEYWORDS: socio-environmental factors, young track and field athletes, sport activity.
本研究旨在探讨社会环境因素对13-17岁田径运动员运动参与的影响。采用问卷调查法对52名13 ~ 17岁的运动员进行调查。采用访谈法对11名田径教练员进行问卷调查。对调查数据的分析显示,决定学员和青少年选择从事体育运动的最重要的社会环境因素是与其他运动员和教练交流的可能性(学员占60.2%;大三- 66.7%)。年轻运动员参加训练的目的是为了取得高的运动成绩(100%的学员;92.6%青少年)和参加体育比赛(80.3%学生;88.9%的青少年)。通过对教练员的访谈发现,教练员的权威性(规律性、兴趣能力)、父母和朋友的推荐、训练条件等社会环境因素的复杂性对田径运动的选择和参加训练的频率有影响。结论。大学生和青少年运动员在选择田径运动项目时,社会因素是最重要的,而青少年运动员在参加体育运动时,自我实现目标的重要性更高。关键词:社会环境因素;青少年田径运动员;体育活动。
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引用次数: 0
THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIAL EDUCATION SYSTEM’S LEGISLATION IN LITHUANIA 立陶宛特殊教育制度立法分析
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.633
Vytautas Gudonis, R. Virbalienė
In this article the laws governing the special education system formed in 1991 – 2012 are analyzed. Although Lithuania is very fast and well prepared in adopting legislations concerning the environmental adaptation of the disabled people, their education and integration into the community,  the implementation of those laws is very slow and problematic: the laws are adopted  but the funding is not provided or the provided amount is too low for their implementation, the attitude of society to disabled students is changing too slowly. In this article the methods of scientific literature, statistics and law analysis were used. Up to now, Lithuanian schools are not properly prepared to accept disabled children because of the lack of highly skilled professionals who would be able to work with children with special needs. There are also problems of not adapted environment for those children, not implemented posts of teacher’s assistant, attendant and reader, the lack of specific teaching means and the society’s directional attitude towards the disabled student and their families can still be felt. While exanimating the legal base it can be concluded that Lithuania theoretically is well prepared for the integration of disabled children into the education system, but the reality is in odds with the theory. Schools (teachers' groups) should recognize the variety of needs of their students and adjust to it by choosing different educational approaches, methods and different learning pace and by providing qualified special educational, psychological and social assistance. KEYWORDS: special educational needs, special education system, legislation,  integration.
本文对1991 - 2012年形成的特殊教育制度法律进行了分析。虽然立陶宛在通过有关残疾人适应环境、教育和融入社区的立法方面速度很快,准备充分,但这些法律的执行却非常缓慢和有问题:通过了法律,但没有提供资金或提供的资金太少,无法实施;社会对残疾学生的态度变化太慢。本文采用了科学文献法、统计学和规律分析法。到目前为止,立陶宛的学校还没有做好接受残疾儿童的适当准备,因为缺乏能够与有特殊需要的儿童一起工作的高技能专业人员。残障学生环境不适应,助教、陪护、阅读者岗位不到位,具体教学手段缺乏,社会对残障学生及其家庭的指向性态度等问题依然存在。在审查法律基础时,可以得出结论,立陶宛在理论上为残疾儿童融入教育系统做好了充分准备,但现实与理论不一致。学校(教师团体)应认识到学生的各种需要,并通过选择不同的教育途径、方法和不同的学习速度以及提供合格的特殊教育、心理和社会援助来适应这种需要。关键词:特殊教育需求;特殊教育制度;立法;
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引用次数: 0
ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENTS’ ON FAIR PLAY IN SPORT 青少年对体育公平竞争的态度
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.637
Asta Budreikaite, Vytė Kontautienė
The research aim – to reveal adolescents’ (12 – 14 year old) attitude on fair play in sport. Research methods: analysis of relevant scientific research, a questionnaire, statistical analysis. Adolescents’ (12 – 14 year old) from Klaipeda and Plunge participated in the research. They were selected accordingly to incidental convenient selection method. The results of the research revealed adolescents (12 – 14 years old) attitude to situations in sports. Adolescents’ showed their attitude towards sports fight, which is admired by almost half (47.1%) of the subjects. Players’ sporting spirit, determination, following the rules is important for them. More than one third of the subjects (35.1%) find the result of a competition more important, despite the way it is obtained. During the research it was found out that the expression of positive emotions after winning a competition was especially strong. Adolescents’ comprehension of fairness is not, however, stabile, as well as the expression of fair play in sport. Adolescents’ often choose a fair play game and the suggested situation (football during, the physical education lesson, et al.) in sport. The attitude towards fair and honest play in sport and value system are in their developing stage during adolescence. Therefore, adolescents’ fair and honest play should be started to develop with the help of educational integrated programmes of Olympic development. KEYWORDS: attitude, fair play, adolescents’, situation in sport.
研究的目的是揭示青少年(12 - 14岁)对体育公平竞争的态度。研究方法:相关科学研究分析、问卷调查、统计分析。来自Klaipeda和Plunge的青少年(12 - 14岁)参与了研究。按照附带方便的选择方法进行选择。研究结果揭示了青少年(12 - 14岁)对运动情境的态度。青少年对体育搏击的态度,几乎有一半(47.1%)的受访者表示赞赏。运动员的运动精神、决心和遵守规则对他们来说很重要。超过三分之一的被调查者(35.1%)认为比赛的结果更重要,不管它是通过什么方式获得的。在研究中发现,赢得比赛后积极情绪的表达尤其强烈。然而,青少年对公平的理解并不稳定,对体育公平竞争的表达也不稳定。青少年在运动中经常选择公平竞赛和建议情境(足球、体育课等)。青少年时期的体育公平诚信观念和价值体系正处于发育阶段。因此,应该在奥林匹克发展的教育综合方案的帮助下,开始发展青少年的公平和诚实的游戏。关键词:态度,公平竞争,青少年,体育情境。
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引用次数: 0
FROM INTERRITORISED TO DECENTERED IDENTITY 从内部化到去中心化的身份
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.630
Audronė Juodaitytė, Lina Garšvė
The article analyses the change of national identity and its reflections in education system. The researches of foreign authors show the change of identity’s concept from one-dimensional identity’s model to multidimensional one. Lithuanian scientific researches disclose the problem of identity in education system through reflection of different pupils’ identities in the class. The article presents the model of practice of hermeneutical pedagogy that creates the conditions for enablement of decentered identity in the class, avoiding traumatic circumstances of development of pupils’ identity. KEYWORDS: national identity, decentered identity, hermeneutical pedagogy.
本文分析了民族认同的变迁及其在教育体制中的反映。国外学者的研究显示了身份概念从一维身份模型向多维身份模型的转变。立陶宛的科学研究通过反映不同学生在课堂上的身份,揭示了教育系统中的身份问题。本文提出了解释学教学法的实践模型,该模型为在课堂上实现非中心化的身份创造了条件,避免了学生身份发展的创伤性环境。关键词:民族认同、非中心认同、解释学教学法。
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引用次数: 0
PECULIARITIES OF PEDAGOGUES’ VOCATIONAL DIFFICULTIES: LINKS WITH LOCUS OF CONTROL, PASSION FOR TEACHING AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS 教师职业困难的特殊性:与控制点、教学热情和社会人口因素有关
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.631
Jelena Puškorienė, Povilas Žakaitis
Researches of different countries confirm that emotional and intellectual overload is typical in pedagogues’ work. Lots of works are published about peculiarities in manifestation of burn-out syndrome among pedagogues. However, most of these researches analyse negative consequences of pedagogues’ work. Analysis of reasons that cause it is insufficient. We still miss researches, helping to evaluate typical difficulties of pedagogical activity and revealing their perception among pedagogues themselves. It is important to define, which psychological properties of pedagogues and what socio-demographic factors make impact on subjective evaluation of one’s own work related difficulties. This article introduces to research results about pedagogues (n =57) of two Lithuanian cities. In the process of the research empiric evaluation of peculiarities in vocational activity of pedagogues and their links to locus of control, passion for teaching and socio-demographic factors was given. KEYWORDS: pedagogues‘vocational difficulties, locus of control, passion for teaching.
各国的研究证实,教师工作中存在着典型的情绪和智力超载现象。关于教师倦怠综合征表现的特殊性,已经发表了大量的研究成果。然而,这些研究大多分析了教师工作的负面影响。对其原因分析不足。我们仍然缺乏研究,这些研究有助于评估教学活动的典型困难,并揭示教师自己对这些困难的看法。定义教师的哪些心理特性和哪些社会人口因素会影响对自己工作相关困难的主观评价,这一点很重要。本文介绍了对立陶宛两个城市57名教师的调查结果。在研究过程中,对教师职业活动的特殊性及其与控制点、教学热情和社会人口因素的联系进行了实证评价。关键词:教师职业困难、控制点、教学热情。
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引用次数: 0
ACTIVITIES OF A MANAGER IN OPTIMIZATION OF A SOCIAL PEDAGOGUE’S WORK IN CHILD CARE HOMES: OPINION OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGUES 管理者在优化幼儿之家社会教育者工作中的活动:社会教育者的意见
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.632
Rasa Braslauskienė, Reda Vismantienė, Neringa Strazdienė
The issue of activities of a manager in optimization of work of social pedagogues in child care homes is discussed in the article. A child care home manager is responsible for the children’s welfare, their successful socialization and integration in the society. He seeks for favourable results of this institution by ensuring relationship based on cooperation. He takes care of impromevement of employees, provision of proper working and development conditions, cooperation with other institutions. When resolving these and other issues of children welfare a manager becomes the main person initiating optimization of employees’ activities. The following question arises: what are activities of a manager in optimization of work of a social pedagogue in a child care home? The aim of this article is to disclose possibilities of managers’ activities in optimizations of work of a social pedagogue in child care homes. A research was carried out for achievement of the aim wherein a total of 63 social pedagogues of Klaipėda child care homes participated (a total of 14 institutions). The research disclosed that social pedagogues are not satisfied with the current role of a manager in optimization of activities of a social pedagogue. The optimization of activities of a social pedagogue is manifested at work with learners and their groups when seeking for professional and personal development of a social pedagogue and organization of preventive work. A manager tends to leave optimization of activities of a social pedagogue to the very employees. KEYWORDS: Manager, child care home, social pedagogue, optimization of activities.
本文探讨了管理者在幼儿园社会教师工作优化中的活动问题。托儿所经理负责儿童的福利,他们的成功社会化和融入社会。他通过确保以合作为基础的关系来寻求这一机构的有利结果。他负责员工的改善,提供适当的工作和发展条件,以及与其他机构的合作。在解决这些和其他儿童福利问题时,管理者成为员工活动优化的主要发起者。下面的问题出现了:管理者在优化儿童之家社会教育工作者工作方面的活动是什么?本文的目的是揭示管理者的活动的可能性,在一个社会教师的工作优化在托幼之家。为了实现这一目标,进行了一项研究,其中Klaipėda托儿所的63名社会教师(共14个机构)参与了研究。研究表明,社会教师并不满意目前管理者在优化社会教师活动中的作用。社会教育工作者的活动优化表现在与学习者及其团体一起工作时,寻求社会教育工作者的专业和个人发展,并组织预防工作。管理者倾向于把社会教育活动的优化留给员工。关键词:管理者,托儿之家,社会教育者,活动优化。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL LOAD ON 9th GRADE PUPILS’ HEART RATE DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES 体能负荷对九年级小学生体育课心率的影响
Pub Date : 2014-05-28 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.639
Zina Birontienė, A. Janauskas
One of the major issues of pedagogical nature is a lack of identification and assessment of objective physical load’s intensity during physical education classes. Upon analysis of knowledge and opinion of ninth form pupils regarding physical load during physical education classes it was established that the most energy consuming activity for the majority of pupils was a long distance running. Seeking to objectively evaluate physical load with a heart rate monitor “Polar FT 80“ a heart rate (HR) of two healthy pupils of medium physical fitness was observed for three lessons, change in physical load was assessed, its intensity was identified. It was established that physical load during the classes being observed, the main activity of which was a long distance running was of a training type and increased in intensity with every lesson. During all of the lessons, the HR values fluctuated significantly (often increased and decreased). Pupils’ HR depended on a content of physical education classes, intensity of tasks and individually made efforts. Both observed pupils during each class were practising not less than half of the time in a hard intensity zone (HR – 146-185 bpm), while in a maximum intensity zone (HR – 186-202 bpm) – only a third of class. Received results reveal that during the introductory parts of the lesson, even though they were long, physical load was increased too fast (HR become frequent fast, i.e. in 2 minutes). During the main part of classes the pupils reached 3-6 HR tops. Individual recovery of the observed pupils‘ HR after a maximum physical load was good. During the final part of the class, HR decreased gradually and reached the recommended norms. KEYWORDS: heart rate, physical load, intensity zones, fatigue, physical education class.
体育教学中缺乏对客观体力负荷强度的识别和评价是教学本质上的主要问题之一。通过对九年级小学生在体育课上对体力负荷的认知和看法的分析,发现大多数小学生最消耗能量的活动是长跑。为了客观地评价身体负荷,用心率监测仪“Polar FT 80”对两名中等体质的健康小学生进行了三节课的心率(HR)观察,评估了身体负荷的变化,并确定了其强度。在以长跑为主要活动的课堂上观察到的体力负荷是一种训练类型,并且每节课的强度都在增加。在所有的课程中,HR值波动很大(经常上升和下降)。学生的人力资源取决于体育课的内容、任务的强度和个人的努力。在每节课上,两名被观察的学生在高强度区域(每分钟146-185次)的练习时间不少于一半,而在最高强度区域(每分钟186-202次)的练习时间只占课堂的三分之一。收到的结果显示,在课程的介绍部分,即使很长,体力负荷增加得太快(HR变得很快,即在2分钟内)。在主要部分的课程中,学生达到了3-6小时的最高水平。在最大体力负荷后,观察到的学生的HR个体恢复良好。在课程的最后阶段,HR逐渐下降,达到了推荐的标准。关键词:心率、体力负荷、强度区、疲劳、体育课。
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引用次数: 0
THE INTERPRETATION OF THE HUMAN BEING IN THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF ZCECH EDUCATOR JOHN AMOS COMENIUS 美国教育家夸美纽斯的教学体系对“人”的诠释
Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.15181/atee.v1i0.130
Marija Barkauskaite, Ona Tijūnėlienė
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引用次数: 0
PERSPECTIVE OF GAME THEORY IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 可持续发展教育中的博弈论视角
Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.114
A. Ahrens, J. Zaščerinska
Thesustainable development of society has attracted a lot of research efforts. Astrategic aspect to the society’s evolution is introduced by the game theory(Fernandez, 2011, p. 1). The research question is as follows: how to organizethe process of teaching and learning in education for sustainable development?The aim of the research is to model the process of teaching and learning ineducation for sustainable development. The present research involves a processof analyzing the meaning of the key concepts “education for sustainabledevelopment”, “game theory”, “social situation”. Moreover, the studydemonstrates how the key concepts are related to the idea of “the process ofteaching and learning”. The empirical research was carried out in the Englishfor Academic Purposes course of Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy in 2008-2009. Thesample included 10 students. The findings of the research allow modelling theprocess of teaching and learning in education for sustainable development.Directions of further research are proposed.KEYWORDS:   Education for SustainableDevelopment, Game Theory, Social Situation, the Process of Teaching andLearning.
社会的可持续发展吸引了大量的研究工作。博弈论(Fernandez, 2011, p. 1)介绍了社会演变的战略方面。研究问题如下:如何组织可持续发展教育中的教与学过程?研究的目的是对可持续发展教育的教与学过程进行建模。本研究包括分析“可持续发展教育”、“博弈论”、“社会情境”等关键概念的含义。此外,该研究还论证了关键概念与“教与学的过程”的概念之间的关系。实证研究于2008-2009年在里加教师培训和教育管理学院的学术英语课程中进行。样本包括10名学生。研究结果使可持续发展教育的教与学过程建模成为可能。提出了进一步研究的方向。关键词:可持续发展教育,博弈论,社会情境,教与学过程
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引用次数: 0
DIALOGUE AS NECESSITY OF PRESENT- DAY EDUCATIONAL PROCESS 对话是当今教育过程的必需品
Pub Date : 2014-05-23 DOI: 10.15181/ATEE.V1I0.118
Vilnis Purēns
Thearticle is devoted to learning problems in contemporary school, which havetheir roots in present- day information society. The pupils are more self-informed through different IT channels. From one side this information providessome refinement of knowledge, from other- organization of this knowledge ispoor and create new problems for teachers. As solution of this problem authorsuggests dialogical learning when activities of teachers and schoolchildren arebased in dialogical cooperation. Author analyses three possible forms ofdialogue and some experiments when they are used. These forms are teacher « learner, learner « learner and learner « source of information dialogue. Hepoints out conditions (political and educational), which can make dialogue moresuccessful. The author is sure, that dialogical learning is future of alleducational systems. The pupils must work out their own educational plans andteacher must be prepared and open to such demand.KEYWORDS:information society, dialogue, dialogue learning, forms of dialogue.
本文探讨了当代学校的学习问题,这些问题产生于当今信息社会。透过不同的资讯科技渠道,学生更能自我了解。一方面,这些信息提供了一些知识的细化,从另一方面来看,这些知识的组织是贫乏的,给教师带来了新的问题。为了解决这一问题,作者建议教师和学生的活动以对话合作为基础进行对话学习。作者分析了三种可能的对话形式,并进行了一些实验。这些形式是教师-学习者、学习者-学习者和学习者-信息对话的来源。他指出了能够使对话更加成功的条件(政治和教育)。笔者认为,对话学习是教育体系的未来。学生必须制定自己的教育计划,教师必须做好准备,并对这种需求持开放态度。关键词:信息社会,对话,对话学习,对话形式。
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引用次数: 1
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Education in a Changing Society
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