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2016 17th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)最新文献

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Simulation of micro-bump interconnections failure analysis for 2.5D IC packaging 2.5D IC封装微碰撞互连失效分析仿真
J. Lan, Mei-Ling Wu
This paper provides micro-bump fracture analysis in the context of a 2.5D IC package under reflow process. With the increasing demands for product functionality, the pitch size and diameter of micro-bumps have become smaller, as a means of achieving higher input/output counts in microelectronic packages. However, by decreasing micro-bump diameter, integrity of the microelectronic package is becoming compromised. The majority of research on the system in package (SiP) has focused on the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch and heat junctions. The primary problems arising due to CTE mismatch and heat dissipation are failures or fatigues in 2.5D IC package, which can escalate to critical reliability issues. However, thermo-mechanical stress induced by temperature loading has a significant effect on material strength, causing, for example, interfacial cracking or micro-bump failure. Thus, 2.5D IC package modeling needs to be developed in order to identify factors that can mitigate micro-bump failure under reflow process. In this paper, we discuss the different insights pertaining to physics of thermo-mechanical loading for 2.5D IC package.
本文对回流工艺下的2.5D IC封装进行了微碰撞断裂分析。随着对产品功能的需求不断增加,微凸点的间距尺寸和直径变得越来越小,作为在微电子封装中实现更高输入/输出计数的一种手段。然而,随着微凸点直径的减小,微电子封装的完整性正在受到损害。对系统内封装(SiP)的研究主要集中在热膨胀系数(CTE)失配和热结上。由于CTE不匹配和散热引起的主要问题是2.5D IC封装的故障或疲劳,这可能会升级为关键的可靠性问题。然而,由温度加载引起的热机械应力对材料强度有显著影响,例如,引起界面开裂或微凹凸破坏。因此,需要开发2.5D IC封装建模,以确定可以减轻回流过程中微碰撞故障的因素。在本文中,我们讨论了有关2.5D IC封装的热机械加载物理的不同见解。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-physics simulation of a wind piezoelectric energy harvester validated by experimental results 风力压电能量采集器的多物理场仿真通过实验验证
G. Acciani, Filomena Di Modugno, E. Mininno, P. Montegiglio
The growing research interest coming from the wide diffusion of wireless micro sensors and small electronic devices has given input on several studies towards Energy Harvesting (EH) as possible alternative to their powering in untraditional way. In the EH field the use of piezoelectric materials is developing rapidly. In this scenery, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the experimental and simulated behaviour and performances of an energy harvester, with the shape of a piezoelectric cantilever beam, subjected to wind induced-vibrations. The mathematical model is described by the Navier-Stokes equations and the constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials. The experimental setup is simulated using the software Comsol Multiphysics.
随着无线微型传感器和小型电子设备的广泛应用,越来越多的研究兴趣已经投入到能量收集(EH)的研究中,以替代传统的供电方式。在EH领域,压电材料的应用发展迅速。在这种情况下,本文的目的是评估具有压电悬臂梁形状的能量采集器在风诱导振动下的实验和模拟行为和性能。数学模型由Navier-Stokes方程和压电材料的本构方程描述。利用Comsol Multiphysics软件对实验装置进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 5
A new method to model transient multi-material moisture transfer in automotive electronics applications 汽车电子应用中瞬态多材料水分传递模型的新方法
Daniel Markus, M. Schmidt, Karin Lunz, U. Becker
This paper analyzes moisture diffusion methods regarding their applicability under varying boundary conditions and under consideration of non-linear material properties. It is shown that commonly utilized methods are not adequate for a physically consistent treatment of multimaterial setups with non-linear saturation concentrations. In order to overcome this limitation in moisture modeling, a new method, the so called Surface Humidity Potential approach is introduced, verified, and applied to a moisture simulation of a printed circuit board subjected to an environment encountered in automotive applications. Overall, a sound foundation for moisture analysis of plastic materials encountered in electronic components is established.
本文分析了水分扩散方法在不同边界条件下和考虑材料非线性特性时的适用性。结果表明,通常使用的方法不适用于具有非线性饱和浓度的多材料装置的物理一致性处理。为了克服湿度建模中的这一限制,引入了一种新方法,即所谓的表面湿度势方法,并将其应用于汽车应用中遇到的环境中印刷电路板的湿度模拟。总体而言,为电子元件中塑料材料的水分分析奠定了良好的基础。
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引用次数: 5
Four-point bending cycling as alternative for thermal cycling solder fatigue testing 四点弯曲循环作为热循环焊料疲劳测试的替代方案
B. Vandevelde, F. Vanhee, D. Pissoort, L. Degrendele, J. De Baets, B. Allaert, R. Lauwaert, R. Labie, G. Willems
This paper deals with an alternative testing approach for quantifying the life time of board level solder joint reliability of components. This approach consists of applying a relative shear displacement between component and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) through cyclic board bending. During the cycling, the temperature is kept constant, preferably at elevated temperature in order to fasten the creep deformation of the solder joint. This is done in a four-point bending setup which allows to apply an equal loading on all components lying between the inner bars. The scope of the paper is, firstly, to evaluate if the four point bending testing generates the same fatigue fracture as in thermal cycling; secondly, that the measured life times can be also predicted through finite element simulations; and thirdly if the technique can finally fasten the cycling frequency to gain testing time.
本文讨论了一种量化元件板级焊点可靠性寿命的替代测试方法。这种方法包括通过循环板弯曲在组件和印刷电路板(PCB)之间施加相对剪切位移。在循环过程中,温度保持恒定,最好在较高的温度下,以紧固焊点的蠕变。这是在四点弯曲设置中完成的,允许在位于内杆之间的所有组件上施加相等的载荷。本文的研究范围是:首先,评估四点弯曲试验是否与热循环试验产生相同的疲劳断裂;其次,通过有限元模拟也可以预测实测寿命;第三,该技术能否最终固定循环频率以获得测试时间。
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引用次数: 1
Risk assessment of bond pad stacks: Combined utilization of nanoindentation and FE-modeling 键合垫堆的风险评估:纳米压痕和有限元模型的联合应用
J. Albrecht, G. M. Reuther, J. Brueckner, J. Auersperg, S. Rzepka, R. Pufall
Wire bonding as well as wafer probing can lead to oxide layer cracking. In combination with metal migration electrical failures may occur. Loading conditions comparable to the wire bonding process can be achieved using a nanoindenter. In this work a spherical tip has been used at first to determine material properties of the silicon nitride film and also to attain cracking of the film material. Based on the experimental results a finite element model using ABAQUS standardTM was established representing the experimentally observed load-displacement behavior. The introduction of the extended finite element method as well as the cohesive surface approach allow to describe different failure modes. The results of these investigations can be used to avoid failures like oxide layer cracking during wire bonding or during the wafer testing process.
焊线和晶圆探测都可能导致氧化层开裂。与金属迁移相结合,可能会发生电气故障。使用纳米压头可以实现与线键合过程相当的加载条件。在这项工作中,首先使用球形尖端来确定氮化硅薄膜的材料性能,并获得薄膜材料的开裂。在此基础上,利用ABAQUS标准软件建立了表征试验观测载荷-位移特性的有限元模型。扩展有限元法和内聚面法的引入允许描述不同的破坏模式。这些研究的结果可以用来避免在焊线或晶圆测试过程中氧化层破裂等故障。
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引用次数: 2
Criteria of unpredictable failure for high-power InGaN LEDs 大功率InGaN led不可预测故障标准
A. Chernyakov, A. Kartashova, N. Shmidt, E. Shabunina, N. A. Talnishnikh, A. L. Zakgeim
The results of the degradation study of commercial InGaN/GaN LEDs with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) ~ 40-50 % at 450-460 nm are presented. It has been clarified that one of the mechanisms responsible for EQE degradation and the unpredictable failure of LEDs is the multiphonon recombination of carriers. The distorted forward branch of I-V characteristics at U <; 2V and the appearance of the SI ~j4 section on the current spectral noise density dependences on current density in LEDs before or after 100 hours of aging test are the criteria identifying an unpredictable failure.
给出了在450 ~ 460 nm处外量子效率(EQE) ~ 40 ~ 50%的商用InGaN/GaN led的降解研究结果。已经阐明了导致EQE退化和led不可预测失效的机制之一是载流子的多声子重组。I-V特性在U <处的畸变正向分支;在led进行100小时老化测试之前或之后,2V和SI ~j4部分的外观对电流光谱噪声密度的依赖是识别不可预测故障的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Junction temperature estimation for LED lamp with forward voltage method 用正向电压法估算LED灯结温
Hong-liang Ke, Qiang Sun, Jian Zhao, Hongxin Zhang, L. Jing, Yao Wang, Jian-cheng Hao
For estimating the junction temperature (Tj) of LED lamp, the Tj of LED module powering by rated current (135mA DC) and working in the thermal environment of LED lamp is measured with traditional forward voltage method in experiment 1. To calculate the Tj of LED lamp in actual working conditions (220V AC), a correction factor is introduced into the original model to process the deviation of output currents of LED driver electronics, as demonstrated in experiment 2. Compared with the surface temperature of LED obtained by infrared imaging method, the result in experiment 2 can effectively reflect the change in Tj of LED lamp under different ambient temperatures, which differs the surface temperature by 3~4°C. While due to a significant effect on the thermal environment of LED lamp introduced by LED driver electronics, the result in experiment 1 is approximately 9~10°C lower than that in experiment 2.
为了估算LED灯的结温(Tj),实验1采用传统的正向电压法测量了在额定电流(135mA DC)下工作在LED灯热环境下的LED模组的结温(Tj)。为了计算LED灯在实际工作条件下(220V交流)的Tj,在原模型中引入一个校正因子来处理LED驱动电子器件输出电流的偏差,如实验2所示。与红外成像方法获得的LED表面温度相比,实验2的结果可以有效反映不同环境温度下LED灯Tj的变化,表面温度相差3~4℃。而由于LED驱动电子器件引入对LED灯热环境的显著影响,实验1的结果比实验2的结果低约9~10℃。
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引用次数: 11
Low-cycle fatigue of multilayer metal stack employed as fast wafer level monitor for backend integrity in smart power technologies 采用多层金属堆的低周疲劳作为智能电源技术中后端完整性的快速晶圆级监测
Alexander Mann, H. Lohmeyer, Yvonne Joseph
A novel approach for wafer-level test and monitoring of multilayer metal-stack integrity in integrated circuit process technology based on the low-cycle fatigue of power device metallization structure is described. Repetitive power pulsing at the limit of the electro-thermal safe-operating area of the devices reveals systematic changes in level and homogeneity of intrinsic thermomechanical robustness and is able to activate latent defects. Exemplarily for two smart-power process technologies the intrinsic low-cycle lifetime limit is explored as reference basis and transfer to test vehicles on product or process control module is validated in experimental case-study and supported by detailed electrothermal simulation of stress pulse events.
基于功率器件金属化结构的低周疲劳特性,提出了一种集成电路工艺中多层金属层完整性的晶圆级测试与监测新方法。在器件的电热安全操作区域的极限处重复功率脉冲,揭示了固有热机械鲁棒性水平和均匀性的系统性变化,并能够激活潜在缺陷。以两种智能动力工艺技术为例,探索了内在低循环寿命极限作为参考依据,并通过实验案例研究验证了产品或过程控制模块向测试车辆的传递,并通过详细的应力脉冲事件电热模拟进行了支持。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental design for tensile tests on PCB copper traces for board level packaging 板级封装用PCB铜线拉伸试验设计
S. Wiese, D. Bruch, M. Elasmi, F. Kraemer, J. Ahmar
This paper presents an approach to adequately design a test setup and specimen in order to perform tensile tests on PCB copper traces for board level packaging. The difficulty to conduct tensile tests on thin pcb copper traces is caused by the requirements of representative specimens. Most of the failure sites on copper interconnect structures in electronic assemblies are characterised by a high aspect ratio between the thickness and width. While the width is on the range of some hundred micrometres to a few millimetres, typical thicknesses are between 1 to 100 micrometres. Therefore specimens that adequately represent the properties of pcb copper are difficult to test in a standard mechanical test setup, which is usually made for compact specimens. The experimental design for determining the deformation behaviour of the PCB copper trace material encompasses two aspects: (1) experimental setup design and (2) specimen design. The two aspects contribute to the accuracy of the later material model for the use in FEM simulation. In order to conduct tests on thin copper film specimens, a test setup was designed, which is characterized by higher compliance of its frame. This way the test setup is able to compensate for misaligned angles of the sample to the load axis of the setup. An optical measurement is used in order provide accurate strain measurements on the sample. The role of specimen design of thin copper foil specimens is crucial for the accuracy of the test. FEM simulations of stress distributions have been carried out on classical dog bone specimens and on stripe specimens. The paper will discuss the inhomogeneous stress distributions of the gauge length of the stripe specimen compared to the dog bone specimen. Another aspect is the sample preparation. The paper will report the difficulties that exist, when the specimen is prepared by milling a copper sheet. The paper will discuss the connection between test setup design and specimen design with respect to the effects on the results of a tensile test on thin copper specimens.
本文提出了一种充分设计测试装置和样品的方法,以便对电路板级封装的PCB铜迹进行拉伸测试。对薄型pcb铜线进行拉伸试验的困难是由代表性试样的要求造成的。电子组件中铜互连结构的大部分失效部位的特征是厚度与宽度之间的高纵横比。虽然宽度在几百微米到几毫米的范围内,但典型的厚度在1到100微米之间。因此,充分代表pcb铜的性能的样品很难在标准的机械测试装置中进行测试,这通常是为紧凑的样品制作的。确定PCB铜微量材料变形行为的实验设计包括两个方面:(1)实验装置设计和(2)试样设计。这两个方面有助于后期材料模型在有限元模拟中使用的准确性。为了对铜薄膜试样进行试验,设计了一种机架柔度较高的试验装置。这样,测试装置就能够补偿样品与装置负载轴的不对齐角度。为了对样品进行精确的应变测量,使用了光学测量。薄铜箔试样的试样设计对试验的准确性起着至关重要的作用。对经典犬骨试件和条纹试件的应力分布进行了有限元模拟。本文将讨论条纹试件与犬骨试件的非均匀应力分布。另一个方面是样品制备。本文将报告存在的困难,当试样是通过铣削铜片制备。本文将讨论试验装置设计和试样设计之间的联系,以及对薄铜试样拉伸试验结果的影响。
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引用次数: 6
Modeling and simulation of electromechanical-contact based elastomeric pressure sensor 基于机电接触的弹性压力传感器建模与仿真
Zhibo Chen, Wei Huang, Xinfeng Zhang, M. Yuen
Elastomeric electric-contact pressure sensors in wearable devices for monitoring physiological signals have much broader potential. In order to design and develop better pressure sensors, the simulation of the electric contact - pressure response is very important. However, due to the large deformation of the patterned surface, it is difficult to model the specific contact surface by using the conventional electric-contact theory only. In the present study, a hybrid electromechanical-contact resistance model was developed to study the strain and stress distributions on the microstructured elastomeric electric-contact surface subjected to pressure. In our new model, the contact resistance in an epidermal pressure sensor can be modeled easily and accurately with a better result. Our model can be used to optimize the sensor design and evaluate the sensing performance of pressure sensors.
用于监测生理信号的可穿戴设备中的弹性电接触压力传感器具有更广泛的潜力。为了设计和研制更好的压力传感器,电接触压力响应的仿真是非常重要的。然而,由于图案表面的大变形,仅用传统的电接触理论很难对具体的接触面进行建模。为了研究微结构弹性体电接触表面在压力作用下的应变和应力分布,建立了电接触电阻混合模型。该模型能方便、准确地模拟表皮压力传感器的接触电阻,并能得到较好的模拟结果。该模型可用于优化传感器设计和评估压力传感器的传感性能。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2016 17th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)
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