Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1248
Uku Tooming
Enticing food photography which stimulates its viewers’ cravings, often given a dismissive label “food porn,” is one of the most popular contents in contemporary digital media. In this paper, I argue that the label disguises different ways in which a viewer can engage with it. In particular, food porn enables us to engage in cross-modal gustatory imaginings of a specific kind and an image’s capacity to afford such imaginings can contribute to its artistic merit.
{"title":"Aesthetics of Food Porn","authors":"Uku Tooming","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1248","url":null,"abstract":"Enticing food photography which stimulates its viewers’ cravings, often given a dismissive label “food porn,” is one of the most popular contents in contemporary digital media. In this paper, I argue that the label disguises different ways in which a viewer can engage with it. In particular, food porn enables us to engage in cross-modal gustatory imaginings of a specific kind and an image’s capacity to afford such imaginings can contribute to its artistic merit.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"63 1","pages":"127–150-127–150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72485883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1243
Paloma Atencia Linares, Aaron Meskin
The philosophy of food is an emerging and distinctive area of philosophical inquiry, and much of the work in this area has been informed by philosophical aesthetics. In recent years, philosophers have found it especially productive to explore connections between aesthetics and the sciences and philosophy of the mind. This special issue of Crítica, Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía aims to bring together these two developments to explore what can be learned about food by approaching it from philosophical perspectives that are richly informed by our best aesthetic theories and our best theories of the mind. In this introduction, we contextualize the recent development of the philosophy of food as an autonomous subdiscipline within philosophy and situate the essays in the special issue in relation to that subdiscipline.
食物哲学是哲学探究的一个新兴和独特的领域，这一领域的许多工作都受到哲学美学的影响。近年来，哲学家们发现，探索美学与科学和心灵哲学之间的联系尤其富有成效。这期Crítica的特刊，Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía旨在将这两种发展结合起来，探索从哲学的角度来探讨食物，从我们最好的美学理论和最好的思想理论中获得丰富的信息。在这篇引言中，我们将食物哲学的最新发展作为哲学中的一个自主分支学科，并将文章置于与该分支学科相关的特刊中。
{"title":"Food, Art and Philosophy","authors":"Paloma Atencia Linares, Aaron Meskin","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1243","url":null,"abstract":"The philosophy of food is an emerging and distinctive area of philosophical inquiry, and much of the work in this area has been informed by philosophical aesthetics. In recent years, philosophers have found it especially productive to explore connections between aesthetics and the sciences and philosophy of the mind. This special issue of Crítica, Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía aims to bring together these two developments to explore what can be learned about food by approaching it from philosophical perspectives that are richly informed by our best aesthetic theories and our best theories of the mind. In this introduction, we contextualize the recent development of the philosophy of food as an autonomous subdiscipline within philosophy and situate the essays in the special issue in relation to that subdiscipline.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"29 1","pages":"3–11-3–11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78608349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1247
M. Matthen
Food has savour: a collection of properties (including appearance, aroma, mouth-feel) connected with the pleasure (or displeasure) of eating. This paper argues that savour is aesthetically evaluable —it is not merely “agreeable”. Further, like paradigm examples of art, savour can be assessed by how it references, or “exemplifies”, cultural norms. This paper is part of a larger project in which I develop an account of the pleasure of art. It is a virtue of my approach that it permits a much greater diversity of artforms than traditional philosophical aesthetics is inclined to allow. This includes food.
{"title":"Can Food Be Art in Virtue of Its Savour Alone?","authors":"M. Matthen","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1247","url":null,"abstract":"Food has savour: a collection of properties (including appearance, aroma, mouth-feel) connected with the pleasure (or displeasure) of eating. This paper argues that savour is aesthetically evaluable —it is not merely “agreeable”. Further, like paradigm examples of art, savour can be assessed by how it references, or “exemplifies”, cultural norms. This paper is part of a larger project in which I develop an account of the pleasure of art. It is a virtue of my approach that it permits a much greater diversity of artforms than traditional philosophical aesthetics is inclined to allow. This includes food.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"84 1","pages":"95–125-95–125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87659863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1245
E. John
This paper takes meals, rather than food itself, as its focus. Meals incorporate the project of nutrition into human life, but it is a contingent matter that we nourish ourselves in this way. This paper defends the importance of meals as meaning-makers and contrasts them with art in that regard. Meals and art represent interestingly different extremes with respect to how needs for meaning are met. Artworks ask for coordination of experience, understanding and appreciation: the meaning of art is to be experienced. The meaning of meals is enacted and accumulates collectively, but need not be experienced.
{"title":"Meals, Art and Meaning","authors":"E. John","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2021.1245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes meals, rather than food itself, as its focus. Meals incorporate the project of nutrition into human life, but it is a contingent matter that we nourish ourselves in this way. This paper defends the importance of meals as meaning-makers and contrasts them with art in that regard. Meals and art represent interestingly different extremes with respect to how needs for meaning are met. Artworks ask for coordination of experience, understanding and appreciation: the meaning of art is to be experienced. The meaning of meals is enacted and accumulates collectively, but need not be experienced.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"10 1","pages":"45–70-45–70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90448458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2019.1146
Justina Díaz Legaspe, Robert J. Stainton
espanolExiste un tipo particular de usos de terminos discriminatorios en el que las emociones negativas tipicamente asociadas a el (odio, enojo) no se hallan de hecho presentes. Aun asi, lo incorrecto o inadecuado sigue resonando en esos usos. Este tipo de “uso distante” resulta interesante per se, en cuanto fenomeno conversacional rara vez advertido. Sin embargo, tambien presta apoyo a una aproximacion a los terminos discriminatorios basada en el concepto sociolinguistico de “registro”, de la cual se sigue esta relacion entre emociones e incorreccion. Este trabajo exa mina algunos tipos de usos distantes y sus rasgos esenciales, y considera como el registro sociolinguistico de los terminos discriminatorios puede dar cuenta de ellos. Englishhere is a particular kind of use of slurs in which the negative emotions typically associated with them (hatred, anger) are not present in the occurrenc e. Even so, these uses still resonate as incorrect or inadequate. This kind of “detached use” is not only an interesting, rarely mentioned phenomenon per se; it also offers some support to a novel approach to slurs based on the sociolinguistic notion of “register”. This paper examines some types of detached uses, extracts some of their essential features and assesses the way the register-based approach to slurs can account for them
有一种特殊类型的歧视性术语的使用，在这种情况下，通常与之相关的负面情绪(仇恨、愤怒)实际上并不存在。即便如此，错误或不恰当的东西仍在这些用途中引起共鸣。这种“远程使用”本身就很有趣，因为它是一种很少被注意到的对话现象。然而，它也支持一种基于“记录”社会语言学概念的歧视性术语方法，这种方法遵循情绪和错误之间的关系。本文分析了一些遥远的用法及其基本特征，并考虑了歧视性术语的社会语言学记录如何解释这些用法。英语这里有一种特殊的使用方式，通常与之相关的消极情绪(仇恨、愤怒)并未出现在事件中，即便如此，这些使用方式仍然引起不正确或不恰当的共鸣。这种“分离使用”本身并不仅仅是一种有趣的、很少提及的现象;它还支持offers一些向现代approach to slurs based on the sociolinguistic notion of“register”。本文审查了一些类型的分离用途，总结了它们的一些基本特征，并总结了以记录为基础的方法如何处理这些用途。
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Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2019.1147
Eleonora Orlando, A. Saab
espanolEste trabajo trata de los terminos peyorativos de grupo, es decir, expresiones que se usan paradigmaticamente para hablar de manera despectiva acerca de ciertos grupos identificados en virtud de su origen o descendencia (“sudaca”), raza o nivel social (“negro”), orientacion sexual (“maricon”), religion (“moishe”), ideologia politica (“zurdo”), modo de vida (“puta”), etc. Nos proponemos tanto (i) explicar el significado expresivo de este tipo de terminos mediante una version de la semantica de estereotipos como (ii) analizar sus usos originales y paradigmaticos, aquellos en los que funcionan como insultos, en el marco de una teoria de los actos de habla. EnglishThis paper is about group slurs, i.e., expressions that are prima facie associated with the speaker’s conveyance of a derogatory feeling for a certain group of people identified in terms of their origin or descent (“spic”), race (“nig-ger”), sexual orientation (“faggot”), ethnicity or religion (“kike”), political ideology (“snowflake”), habits or ways of living (“whore”), etc. Our purpose is twofold: (i) ex-plaining the non-truth-conditional or expressive meaning dimension in terms of a version of stereotype semantics, and (ii) applying a speech act theory to the original and paradigmatic derogatory uses of such terms
espanolEste工作是术语。卑鄙的小组,即词语使用paradigmaticamente贬义词地谈论某些群体中(根据其来源或后代美籍西班牙人”)、种族或社会地位(“黑人”(性),orientacion姜”)、宗教(moishe”)、ideologia政治(“左撇子”)、生活方式(“妓女”),等等。本文的目的是:(i)通过刻板印象语义的一个版本来解释这些术语的表达意义，(ii)在言语行为理论的框架内分析它们作为侮辱的原始和范例用法。EnglishThis paper is about group slurs,即初步expressions that are分裂相关with the扬声器’s conveyance of a感觉for a group of people确定in terms of their (origin or血统spic”(race nig-ger”)、性(orientation faggot”)的宝贵机制(“kike”)、政治思想品德(snowflake), habits or途径of living”(“whore”),等等。我们的目的有两方面:(i)在定型语义学的一种版本中，对非真条件或表达意义的维度提出明确的抱怨;(ii)将一种言语行为理论应用于这种术语的原始和范例贬损使用。
{"title":"Términos peyorativos de grupo, estereotipos y actos de habla","authors":"Eleonora Orlando, A. Saab","doi":"10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2019.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2019.1147","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste trabajo trata de los terminos peyorativos de grupo, es decir, expresiones que se usan paradigmaticamente para hablar de manera despectiva acerca de ciertos grupos identificados en virtud de su origen o descendencia (“sudaca”), raza o nivel social (“negro”), orientacion sexual (“maricon”), religion (“moishe”), ideologia politica (“zurdo”), modo de vida (“puta”), etc. Nos proponemos tanto (i) explicar el significado expresivo de este tipo de terminos mediante una version de la semantica de estereotipos como (ii) analizar sus usos originales y paradigmaticos, aquellos en los que funcionan como insultos, en el marco de una teoria de los actos de habla. EnglishThis paper is about group slurs, i.e., expressions that are prima facie associated with the speaker’s conveyance of a derogatory feeling for a certain group of people identified in terms of their origin or descent (“spic”), race (“nig-ger”), sexual orientation (“faggot”), ethnicity or religion (“kike”), political ideology (“snowflake”), habits or ways of living (“whore”), etc. Our purpose is twofold: (i) ex-plaining the non-truth-conditional or expressive meaning dimension in terms of a version of stereotype semantics, and (ii) applying a speech act theory to the original and paradigmatic derogatory uses of such terms","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"87 1","pages":"31–58-31–58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84094754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.09
Santiago Truccone Borgogno
In this work, I present some considerations on the strength of the reasons against harming. I distinguish between different kinds of harmed states and harming actions, and explain which kind of harmed state is worse, and which kind of harming action provides stronger reasons against harming. Finally, I compare the strength of the reasons against harming provided by harmed states and those provided by the different kinds of harming actions in order to establish a priority rule between them.
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Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.15
M. Otero
espanolEn este articulo presento, clarifico y exploro algunas virtudes potenciales de una determinada teoria —de caracter intencionalista— sobre lo comico. Su tesis minima principal establece una condicion necesaria para la comicidad: quien evaluaaprecia una situacion como humoristica/comica reconoce un perjuicio o dano ocasionado a ciertos sujetos intencionales (pueden ser sujetos involucrados en la situacion comica, o el propio evaluador-apreciador). Una version mas fuerte establece que la comicidad deriva (al menos en parte) de dicho perjuicio. El perjuicio es aquello que, cuando se combina con otros factores, encontramos humoristico/comico. Clarificar la teoria conlleva una tarea de comparacion con otras concepciones del humor, en particular, con la teoria de la incongruencia EnglishIn this article, I present, clarify and explore some potential virtues of a particular theory —of an intentional character— about comicity. Its principal minimal thesis posits a necessary condition for comicity: the thinker who appraises a situation as comic recognizes a hurt or damage against certain intentional subjects (they may be subjects involved in the comic situation, or the appraiser himself). A stronger version claims that comicity proceeds (partially, at least) from that hurt; it is the hurt itself that, when combined with other factors, we find comic. The task of clarifying the theory involves to compare it with other views on humor, in particular the incongruity theory
在这篇文章中，我提出，澄清和探索一些潜在的美德，一个特定的理论-意图主义特征-关于喜剧。他的主要最低论点建立了喜剧的必要条件:那些以幽默/喜剧的方式评估情境的人承认对某些有意的主体造成了伤害或伤害(他们可能是情景喜剧中的主体，也可能是评估者/鉴定家自己)。一种更强烈的说法是，喜剧(至少部分)来源于这种偏见。伤害是指当与其他因素结合时，我们发现幽默/喜剧的东西。澄清理论需要与幽默的其他概念进行比较，特别是与不一致理论进行比较。在这篇文章中，我提出、澄清和探索关于喜剧的特定理论的一些潜在优点。其主要最少thesis posits必要condition for comicity:思想家appraises》漫画,长期recognizes一定intentional hurt or damage against / l (they may be publication参与漫画状况,or the appraiser himself)。加强version claims that comicity收益(partially,至少)from that hurt;这是一种伤害，当结合其他因素时，我们可以找到喜剧。The task of clarifying The theory涉及it to compare with other关于幽默,尤其是incongruity理论
{"title":"La comicidad como perjuicio de sujetos intencionales","authors":"M. Otero","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este articulo presento, clarifico y exploro algunas virtudes potenciales de una determinada teoria —de caracter intencionalista— sobre lo comico. Su tesis minima principal establece una condicion necesaria para la comicidad: quien evaluaaprecia una situacion como humoristica/comica reconoce un perjuicio o dano ocasionado a ciertos sujetos intencionales (pueden ser sujetos involucrados en la situacion comica, o el propio evaluador-apreciador). Una version mas fuerte establece que la comicidad deriva (al menos en parte) de dicho perjuicio. El perjuicio es aquello que, cuando se combina con otros factores, encontramos humoristico/comico. Clarificar la teoria conlleva una tarea de comparacion con otras concepciones del humor, en particular, con la teoria de la incongruencia EnglishIn this article, I present, clarify and explore some potential virtues of a particular theory —of an intentional character— about comicity. Its principal minimal thesis posits a necessary condition for comicity: the thinker who appraises a situation as comic recognizes a hurt or damage against certain intentional subjects (they may be subjects involved in the comic situation, or the appraiser himself). A stronger version claims that comicity proceeds (partially, at least) from that hurt; it is the hurt itself that, when combined with other factors, we find comic. The task of clarifying the theory involves to compare it with other views on humor, in particular the incongruity theory","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"26 1","pages":"43-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91022585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.02
Ángel García Rodríguez
espanolLa epistemologia de virtudes pura se enfrenta al reto de los falsos graneros. Este articulo explica como superarlo. Asi, se constata que el experimento mental es ambiguo respecto de la habilidad visual tipicamente atribuida, o negada, a los sujetos del ejemplo. La desambiguacion muestra que dichos sujetos tienen conocimiento limitado de la proposicion relevante (v.g., que hay un granero enfrente). Esto casa con la epistemologia de virtudes pura, que predice y explica todas las intuiciones producidas por el ejemplo. Con ello se esclarece la relacion entre las nociones de conocimiento, suerte y habilidad, y se mejora nuestra teorizacion epistemologica. EnglishPure virtue epistemology faces the fake barn challenge. This paper explains how it can be met. Thus, it is argued that the thought experiment contains a hidden ambiguity concerning the visual ability typically ascribed to, or denied, fake barn subjects. Disambiguation shows fake barn subjects to have limited knowledge of the target proposition (e.g. that there is a barn ahead). This accords with a pure virtue-theoretic conception of knowledge that predicts and explains all the intuitions elicited by the thought experiment. As a result, the relationship between knowledge, luck and ability is illuminated, and our epistemological theorizing improved.
纯美德认识论面临着假谷仓的挑战。这篇文章解释了如何克服它。因此，心理实验对于通常归因于或否认的视觉能力是模糊的。消除歧义表明，这些受试者对相关命题的知识有限(例如，前面有一个谷仓)。这与纯美德认识论相一致，纯美德认识论预测和解释由例子产生的所有直觉。它阐明了知识、运气和能力概念之间的关系，并改进了我们的认识论理论。英国纯美德认识论面临着假牛群的挑战。这篇论文解释了它是如何实现的。因此,it is argued that the thought experiment contains a wooldridge ambiguity关于视觉能力typically ascribed to, or,举了谷仓主体的一部分。消除歧义表明，假谷仓对象对目标命题的知识有限(例如，有一个谷仓在前面)。This with a pure virtue-theoretic协定概念of knowledge that predicts and explains all the intuitions控告by the thought experiment。因此,the relationship between knowledge,运气和能力是illuminated, and our epistemological theorizing改善。
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