{"title":"Beryl T. (Sue) Atkins: Lexicographer from A to Z","authors":"D. Prinsloo","doi":"10.5788/31-1-1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/31-1-1664","url":null,"abstract":"Tribute to Beryl T. (Sue) Atkins","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71035793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to define the profile of Indonesian speakers as dictionary users by using a questionnaire-based research. The survey was distributed to university students who were studying English as a foreign language. The students fall in two groups with pre-intermediate and intermediate levels of English proficiency. They were instructed to fill out the survey. The question items encourage students to report their consultation frequency of dictionary use, dictionary choices and ratings, and needs of dictionary information. The findings confirmed that both pre-intermediate and intermediate students use bilingual dictionaries more often than monolingual dictionaries. The two groups show indifference towards the evaluation of different dictionary types, since learners rate bilingual dictionaries as good as monolingual dictionaries. The collected data offers insights into students' awareness and knowledge of various dictionary types in Indonesian lexicographical context.
{"title":"A Survey of Indonesian Students' Use of Dictionaries","authors":"Fallianda Fallianda","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1607","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to define the profile of Indonesian speakers as dictionary users by using a questionnaire-based research. The survey was distributed to university students who were studying English as a foreign language. The students fall in two groups with pre-intermediate and intermediate levels of English proficiency. They were instructed to fill out the survey. The question items encourage students to report their consultation frequency of dictionary use, dictionary choices and ratings, and needs of dictionary information. The findings confirmed that both pre-intermediate and intermediate students use bilingual dictionaries more often than monolingual dictionaries. The two groups show indifference towards the evaluation of different dictionary types, since learners rate bilingual dictionaries as good as monolingual dictionaries. The collected data offers insights into students' awareness and knowledge of various dictionary types in Indonesian lexicographical context.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of research on typographical error analysis in two specialised bilingual paper dictionaries: Diccionario de terminos economicos, financieros y comerciales/ A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms ( Ariel, 2012), and Diccionario de terminos juri dicos/A Dictionary of Legal Terms ( Ariel, 2012). A model of errors is described, including similar errors and errors that are repeated both intratextually and intertextually. The error frequency in A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms is higher than the average error frequency in a reference corpus of fourteen dictionaries (mainly first editions). This indicates that repeated editions do not always guarantee a higher level of formal correctness. Our results also show that a high frequency of errors does not necessarily entail a high intratextual error repetition rate. On the other hand, we establish a relationship between typographical errors and the access function in dictionaries, as that kind of error can interfere with access to accurate lexicographical information and data retrieval (especially when they occur in lemmas or sublemmas).
本文介绍了两本专业双语纸质词典的排版错误分析研究结果：《经济、金融和商业术语词典》（Diccionario de terminos economicos，financieros y commerciales/A Dictionary of Economic，Financial and Commercial Terms）（Ariel，2012）和《法律术语词典》。描述了一个错误模型，包括相似的错误和在文本内和互文中重复的错误。《经济、金融和商业术语词典》的错误频率高于14本词典（主要是初版）参考语料库的平均错误频率。这表明重复的版本并不总是保证更高级别的形式正确性。我们的研究结果还表明，高频率的错误并不一定意味着高的语篇内错误重复率。另一方面，我们在排版错误和词典中的访问功能之间建立了关系，因为这种错误会干扰对准确词典信息的访问和数据检索（尤其是当它们发生在引理或子引理中时）。
{"title":"Towards Accuracy: A Model for the Analysis of Typographical Errors in Specialised Bilingual Dictionaries. Two Case Studies","authors":"S. Rodríguez-Rubio, Nuria Fernández-Quesada","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of research on typographical error analysis in two specialised bilingual paper dictionaries: Diccionario de terminos economicos, financieros y comerciales/ A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms ( Ariel, 2012), and Diccionario de terminos juri dicos/A Dictionary of Legal Terms ( Ariel, 2012). A model of errors is described, including similar errors and errors that are repeated both intratextually and intertextually. The error frequency in A Dictionary of Economic, Financial and Commercial Terms is higher than the average error frequency in a reference corpus of fourteen dictionaries (mainly first editions). This indicates that repeated editions do not always guarantee a higher level of formal correctness. Our results also show that a high frequency of errors does not necessarily entail a high intratextual error repetition rate. On the other hand, we establish a relationship between typographical errors and the access function in dictionaries, as that kind of error can interfere with access to accurate lexicographical information and data retrieval (especially when they occur in lemmas or sublemmas).","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main tasks of compilers of bilingual dictionaries is to find suitable translation equivalents for source language lemmas in the target language. It could be expected that to a large degree one should find full equivalence, or at least partial equivalents in the target language and that there might not be many instances where such translation equivalents are not available. Typically common words such as table , chair , man , woman come to mind and they are most likely to have equivalents in the target language. This article focuses on lexical and referential gaps between English and isiZulu, and their treatment in English and isiZulu paper dictionaries. The aim is to determine to what extent suitable translation equivalents are available for English and isiZulu lemmas and what the nature, extent and treatment strategies are in cases where such equivalents are not available. It will be shown that the extent of zero equivalence is much higher for this language pair than expected in general literature on zero equivalents. In some cases a specific concept is known in the target language but the target language has no word for it but in many instances the concept itself is unknown in the target language which implies that the language will also not have a word for such a concept.
{"title":"Lexicographic Treatment of Zero Equivalence in isiZulu Dictionaries","authors":"D. Prinsloo, N. Zondi","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1605","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main tasks of compilers of bilingual dictionaries is to find suitable translation equivalents for source language lemmas in the target language. It could be expected that to a large degree one should find full equivalence, or at least partial equivalents in the target language and that there might not be many instances where such translation equivalents are not available. Typically common words such as table , chair , man , woman come to mind and they are most likely to have equivalents in the target language. This article focuses on lexical and referential gaps between English and isiZulu, and their treatment in English and isiZulu paper dictionaries. The aim is to determine to what extent suitable translation equivalents are available for English and isiZulu lemmas and what the nature, extent and treatment strategies are in cases where such equivalents are not available. It will be shown that the extent of zero equivalence is much higher for this language pair than expected in general literature on zero equivalents. In some cases a specific concept is known in the target language but the target language has no word for it but in many instances the concept itself is unknown in the target language which implies that the language will also not have a word for such a concept.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transcending the boundaries of printed lexicographic resources is becoming easier in the digital age, with e-resources facilitating restrictions on the size and type of information that can be included. In this article we explore innovative ways of documenting and preserving African indigenous knowledge, often underrepresented in traditional dictionaries, in an existing digital lexical database. Our approach is based on the extension of the African Wordnet, a lexical database under construction for nine African languages, in this case applied to isiZulu. This article addresses the challenge of consolidating dispersed indigenous knowledge collected from a variety of sources such as conventional dictionaries, interdisciplinary publications and a flat-structured online database, in a digitised hierarchical wordnet structure. A representative sample of traditional domestic utensils in Zulu culture is used to demonstrate the conversion into a set of typical semantic relations in a wordnet structure. By focusing on filling lexical gaps between isiZulu and English as found in the Princeton WordNet, with culturally relevant synsets, the African Wordnet also becomes a useful resource for natural language processing. Finally, it is shown how the hierarchical classification of selected domestic utensils is visually presented in wordnet graphs in the WordnetLoom interface.
{"title":"Exploring the Documentation and Preservation of African Indigenous Knowledge in a Digital Lexical Database","authors":"Sonja E. Bosch, Marissa Griesel","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1603","url":null,"abstract":"Transcending the boundaries of printed lexicographic resources is becoming easier in the digital age, with e-resources facilitating restrictions on the size and type of information that can be included. In this article we explore innovative ways of documenting and preserving African indigenous knowledge, often underrepresented in traditional dictionaries, in an existing digital lexical database. Our approach is based on the extension of the African Wordnet, a lexical database under construction for nine African languages, in this case applied to isiZulu. This article addresses the challenge of consolidating dispersed indigenous knowledge collected from a variety of sources such as conventional dictionaries, interdisciplinary publications and a flat-structured online database, in a digitised hierarchical wordnet structure. A representative sample of traditional domestic utensils in Zulu culture is used to demonstrate the conversion into a set of typical semantic relations in a wordnet structure. By focusing on filling lexical gaps between isiZulu and English as found in the Princeton WordNet, with culturally relevant synsets, the African Wordnet also becomes a useful resource for natural language processing. Finally, it is shown how the hierarchical classification of selected domestic utensils is visually presented in wordnet graphs in the WordnetLoom interface.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48562953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The treatment of multiword expressions (MWEs) in dictionaries has not received much attention in metalexicography, although the significant role of phraseology has been stressed since the advent of corpus linguistics. The paper aims to analyse the lexicographic representation of semantically related MWEs, containing body part names. The study focuses on access routes to these MWEs in the 'Big Five' monolingual English learners' dictionaries online (MELDs). It investigates the presence and positions of hyperlinked MWEs on the page of the body part headword in order to find out if they depend on a given MWE or are dictionary-specific. Double or multiple hyperlinks to the same MWE are frequently found within a single body part entry, and the variety of access routes is evaluated with a view to offering a more homogeneous presentation of hyperlinked related MWEs.
{"title":"Access Routes to BODY PART Multiword Expressions in the 'Big Five' MELDs: Use of Hyperlinks","authors":"S. Wojciechowska","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1602","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of multiword expressions (MWEs) in dictionaries has not received much attention in metalexicography, although the significant role of phraseology has been stressed since the advent of corpus linguistics. The paper aims to analyse the lexicographic representation of semantically related MWEs, containing body part names. The study focuses on access routes to these MWEs in the 'Big Five' monolingual English learners' dictionaries online (MELDs). It investigates the presence and positions of hyperlinked MWEs on the page of the body part headword in order to find out if they depend on a given MWE or are dictionary-specific. Double or multiple hyperlinks to the same MWE are frequently found within a single body part entry, and the variety of access routes is evaluated with a view to offering a more homogeneous presentation of hyperlinked related MWEs.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the position of specialized dictionaries of abbreviations for English. Special attention is given to the macro- and microstructure of English dictionaries of abbreviations, and current available online sources for users are presented. The article compares the micro- and macrostructure of seventeen English dictionaries of abbreviations, including general and language-specific ones, and three online general dictionaries of abbreviations. In the article two contemporary online attempts are also presented; namely, Slovarcek krajsav (Kompara Lukancic 2006) and Slovar krajsav (Kompara Lukancic 2011). The article points out that traditional lexicography, mainly its orientation toward compiling functional and detailed entries, should be joined with modern concepts of lexicography oriented toward an extensive number of entries and constant development and improvement of a dictionary as new abbreviations are gradually added. The combination of traditional and modern concepts can develop resources that users need most — namely, a contemporary dictionary of abbreviations.
{"title":"An Overview of English Dictionaries of Abbreviations","authors":"Mojca Kompara Lukančič","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1601","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the position of specialized dictionaries of abbreviations for English. Special attention is given to the macro- and microstructure of English dictionaries of abbreviations, and current available online sources for users are presented. The article compares the micro- and macrostructure of seventeen English dictionaries of abbreviations, including general and language-specific ones, and three online general dictionaries of abbreviations. In the article two contemporary online attempts are also presented; namely, Slovarcek krajsav (Kompara Lukancic 2006) and Slovar krajsav (Kompara Lukancic 2011). The article points out that traditional lexicography, mainly its orientation toward compiling functional and detailed entries, should be joined with modern concepts of lexicography oriented toward an extensive number of entries and constant development and improvement of a dictionary as new abbreviations are gradually added. The combination of traditional and modern concepts can develop resources that users need most — namely, a contemporary dictionary of abbreviations.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the design of digital lexicographical products. It introduces the philosophy of human-centered design, as explained in the work of Don Norman, and discusses central design concepts like affordances, signifiers, feedback, and other forms of good communication from lexicographer to user. The successful use of traditional dictionaries often relied on the presumed reference skills of the envisaged target user group. Especially in printed dictionaries with their space restrictions, lexicographers used condensed entries, abbreviations, and different types of structural indicators to save space. This often was to the detriment of the user who struggled to retrieve the required information from the data on offer. The digital environment has created new opportunities for lexicographers to assist their users in a far better way. Using principles of human-centered design, this paper shows the emergence of the application of some of these approaches in existing online dictionaries. Going beyond the scope of traditional online dictionaries, examples are taken from integrated e-reading dictionaries and lexicography-assisted writing assistants where even stronger user-centered design features come to the fore with regard to respectively text reception and text production assistance. Where the original concept of a dictionary culture was primarily based on the reference skills of the user, a new lexicographical culture is suggested that adheres to human-centered design principles. It places the responsibility on the shoulders of the lexicographer to design lexicographic products that enable intuitive use and ensure improved lexicographic success.
{"title":"eference Skills or Human-Centered Design: Towards a New Lexicographical Culture","authors":"S. Tarp, R. Gouws","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1600","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design of digital lexicographical products. It introduces the philosophy of human-centered design, as explained in the work of Don Norman, and discusses central design concepts like affordances, signifiers, feedback, and other forms of good communication from lexicographer to user. The successful use of traditional dictionaries often relied on the presumed reference skills of the envisaged target user group. Especially in printed dictionaries with their space restrictions, lexicographers used condensed entries, abbreviations, and different types of structural indicators to save space. This often was to the detriment of the user who struggled to retrieve the required information from the data on offer. The digital environment has created new opportunities for lexicographers to assist their users in a far better way. Using principles of human-centered design, this paper shows the emergence of the application of some of these approaches in existing online dictionaries. Going beyond the scope of traditional online dictionaries, examples are taken from integrated e-reading dictionaries and lexicography-assisted writing assistants where even stronger user-centered design features come to the fore with regard to respectively text reception and text production assistance. Where the original concept of a dictionary culture was primarily based on the reference skills of the user, a new lexicographical culture is suggested that adheres to human-centered design principles. It places the responsibility on the shoulders of the lexicographer to design lexicographic products that enable intuitive use and ensure improved lexicographic success.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Im Beitrag steht das LeGeDe-Drittmittelprojekt und der im Laufe der Projektzeit entwickelte korpusbasierte lexikografische Prototyp zu Besonderheiten des gesprochenen Deutsch in der Interaktion im Zentrum der Betrachtung. Die Entwicklung einer lexikografischen Ressource dieser Art knupft an die vielfaltigen Erfahrungen in der Erstellung von korpusbasierten Onlineworterbuchern (insbesondere am Leibniz-Institut fur Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim) und an aktuelle Methoden der korpusbasierten Lexikologie sowie der Interaktionsanalyse an und nimmt als multimedialer Prototyp fur die korpusbasierte lexikografische Behandlung von gesprochensprachlichen Phanomenen eine innovative Position in der modernen Onlinelexikografie ein. Der Beitrag befasst sich im Abschnitt zur LeGeDe-Projektprasentation ausfuhrlich mit projektrelevanten Forschungsfragen, Projektzielen, der empirischen Datengrundlage und empirisch erhobenen Erwartungshaltungen an eine Ressource zum gesprochenen Deutsch. Die Darstellung der komplexen Struktur des LeGeDe-Prototyps wird mit zahlreichen Beispielen illustriert. In Verbindung mit der zentralen Information zur Makro- und Mikrostruktur und den lexikografischen Umtexten werden die vielfaltigen Vernetzungs- und Zugriffsstrukturen aufgezeigt. Erganzend zum abschliesenden Fazit liefert der Beitrag in einem Ausblick umfangreiche Vorschlage fur die zukunftige lexikografische Arbeit mit gesprochensprachlichen Korpusdaten.
{"title":"Der LeGeDe-Prototyp: Zur Erstellung eines korpusbasierten Online-Wörterbuchs zu lexikalischen Besonderheiten im gesprochenen Deutsch. Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven","authors":"M. Meliss, Christine Möhrs","doi":"10.5788/30-1-1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5788/30-1-1599","url":null,"abstract":"Im Beitrag steht das LeGeDe-Drittmittelprojekt und der im Laufe der Projektzeit entwickelte korpusbasierte lexikografische Prototyp zu Besonderheiten des gesprochenen Deutsch in der Interaktion im Zentrum der Betrachtung. Die Entwicklung einer lexikografischen Ressource dieser Art knupft an die vielfaltigen Erfahrungen in der Erstellung von korpusbasierten Onlineworterbuchern (insbesondere am Leibniz-Institut fur Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim) und an aktuelle Methoden der korpusbasierten Lexikologie sowie der Interaktionsanalyse an und nimmt als multimedialer Prototyp fur die korpusbasierte lexikografische Behandlung von gesprochensprachlichen Phanomenen eine innovative Position in der modernen Onlinelexikografie ein. Der Beitrag befasst sich im Abschnitt zur LeGeDe-Projektprasentation ausfuhrlich mit projektrelevanten Forschungsfragen, Projektzielen, der empirischen Datengrundlage und empirisch erhobenen Erwartungshaltungen an eine Ressource zum gesprochenen Deutsch. Die Darstellung der komplexen Struktur des LeGeDe-Prototyps wird mit zahlreichen Beispielen illustriert. In Verbindung mit der zentralen Information zur Makro- und Mikrostruktur und den lexikografischen Umtexten werden die vielfaltigen Vernetzungs- und Zugriffsstrukturen aufgezeigt. Erganzend zum abschliesenden Fazit liefert der Beitrag in einem Ausblick umfangreiche Vorschlage fur die zukunftige lexikografische Arbeit mit gesprochensprachlichen Korpusdaten.","PeriodicalId":43907,"journal":{"name":"Lexikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42801963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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