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Roman Routes in Italian Postcolonial Women Writers 意大利后殖民时期女作家的罗马路线
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2258113
Serena Alessi
AbstractRome is the city where the memory of Italian colonialism is more evident in the urban space. Nevertheless, this heritage is often neglected or forgotten, just like other traces of Italian colonialism in the national territory and culture. This period of Italian history has indeed never been properly elaborated by Italian culture and historiography, as critics have widely demonstrated. In this essay, traces of Italian colonialism in Rome will be investigated through the analysis of literary contributions produced over the last thirty years, and specifically of texts written by women writers, who proved to have a special perspective on colonialism and its effects on the capital. Novels, short stories, poems and autobiographies by Ubah Cristina Ali Farah, Shirin Ramzanali Fazel, Igiaba Scego and Ribka Sibhatu – and specifically the paths covered by their fictional characters in the urban space – will thus serve as guides to explore the city. The aim of the essay is to shed light on the present identity of Rome as a complex city and as the object of new narrations. From Stazione Termini to Quartiere Africano, passing through Piazza di Porta Capena, Piazzale Flaminio and other places, this essay remaps the urban space and questions Rome’s colonial heritage. As a result, it shows that displacing the traditional significance given to monuments, streets and squares in Rome means rediscussing Italian history and national identity.Keywords: Female charactersmapspostcolonialismRomeurban spacewomen writers AcknowledgementsI wish to thank and acknowledge the British School at Rome, where I worked on the research leading to this essay when I was granted a Rome Fellowship in 2016/17, and the people who joined the “Walk around Postcolonial Rome” organized by myself on 5 November 2019, within the two-day conference Built to Last? Material Legacies of Italian Colonialism, which took place at the Austrian Historical Institute in Rome.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).List of original Italian text passagespage 3: “un luogo principe per la performance, vale a dire la messa in atto, ma anche il dispiego pubblico, la spettacolarizzazione, di atti individuali o collettivi di eroismo (o di ignominia, secondo i casi e i punti di vista)” (Polezzi Citation2008, 287–288).page 3: “Poi Termini con il tempo è diventata un’altra cosa” (Scego 2012, 103).page 4: “ci faceva camminare ore per Roma, la Ranieri. In lungo e largo per Roma. Di traverso per Roma. Diceva che camminando saremmo inciampati in qualche colore. ‘Roma è piena di colori’ diceva lei ‘ognuno ha il suo, ricordatevelo sempre’” (Scego Citation2008, 8).page 4: “per questo ora li cerco come una pazza per tutta Roma. La Ranieri diceva che a Roma ci inciampi sui colori. Per questo continuo a camminarci dentro. Al Parco di Veio ho trovato il giallo, sonnecchiava ozioso. Wallahi billahi, dormiva come un bradipo scemo. E il verde? Che avventura il verde! Si era perso
第15页:“你是我的家人,罗马是我们的城市。”第15页:“在离台伯河只有几步之遥的地方,我看到一些树干几乎没有浮出水面,就像鳄鱼的背上。”这么多年过去了,我终于明白了。他不是我父亲,他是我,亚巴尔,这条河的指挥官。第15页:“当我和你差不多大的时候,那是我的团队聚集的地方,事实上,几乎所有来自罗马的年轻外国人都聚集在那里。这个广场是我们唯一感到属于自己的地方,我们可以自由地说任何我们想说的话,我们不需要扮演任何角色。第16页:“我坐在我们的长椅上,它总是一样的。M,停止Flaminio罗马,人们是如此,我喜欢思考人的去向,但我也觉得有点孤独,我不知道去哪里,但孩子们也是如此,每天都让我们想想我们自己的国家,因为我不知道如果我想立即去,也许在一个op,正如毛罗所说,真的在那里”(Ali Farah Citation2004 127)。第16页:“在意大利,有些街道是以非洲命名的。罗马甚至有非洲区。在利比亚大街上,一些罗马人告诉你,那里有很好的服装店,你可以在那里买到一些好东西。但是接下来呢?然后什么都没有。他们要去利比亚大街买一件毛衣。他们要么住在mijurtinia街,要么在索马里大道亲热。然而,忽视了。这不是他们的错。他们在学校不教你这些。他们说,我们做得很好,我们架起了桥梁。它被忽视了,因为它没有被教授。阿尔巴尼亚和十二岛也是意大利殖民地;你好,这篇文章只关注所谓的“东非洲”在这篇文章的过程中,虽然没有翻译的参考,翻译是我自己的。为了提高可靠性,我在文本中使用英语翻译。我列出了原始的意大利文本在最后的通道在巴比伦之外,是一个五宪章的故事——两个女儿,两个母亲和一个父亲——讲述了他们相互矛盾的观点。情节发生在不同的地点和时间:它会引发性别、性和性别的问题。其中一份宪章,Zuhra,可以被认为是小说中的指南,因为她是序言和epilogue的叙述者同样的颜色的例子在她的小说中被忽视了(Citation2020a, 40 - 41)1973年出生于维罗纳,出生于索马里父亲和意大利母亲,Ubah Cristina Ali Farah住在匈牙利和意大利的摩加迪沙。她目前住在布鲁塞尔。她从东那不勒斯大学获得了非洲博士学位。她出版了小说、诗歌、论文和杂志供款1953年出生于摩加迪沙,出生于巴基斯坦父亲和索马里母亲,Shirin Ramzanali Fazel生活在世界各地不同的国家。今天,她主要生活在英国伯明翰。她出版了小说、短篇故事、诗歌和小说2022年,约翰·卡伦和格雷戈里·康迪(John Cullen and Gregory Conti)在另一家出版社出版了《黑线英语翻译》(The Color Line)。她从罗马大学获得了一名教育学博士学位。Scego出版了小说、小说和短篇故事。她是不同新闻和报纸的贡献者,在媒体和社交媒体上非常活跃1960年以前,索马里是意大利管理下的一个信托领土,1990年在索马里内战期间意大利扮演的有争议的角色,以及在伊拉里亚·阿尔普斯谋杀案周围发生的事件,这些事件表明了这种特殊的关系我的家是2010年里佐利首次出版的地方。我在这里使用洛舍尔在2012年出版的修订版。当她在罗马开始她的研究时,情节搬到了其他城市,就像佛罗伦萨和威尼斯一样。为了创造这个角色,作者受到了两个真实女性故事的启发:雕塑家埃德莫尼亚·刘易斯(Edmonia Lewis)和助产士莎拉·帕克·雷蒙德(Sarah Parker Remond)。《后殖民时代的罗马》(Citation2012)中提到的意大利后殖民时期作家Ribka Sibhatu的意思是“后殖民时代的罗马”。Sibhatu说,广场不应该尊重入侵者的记忆,而应该尊重那些反对入侵者的人,比如Andrea Costa和Ulisse Barbieri。 2010年,说唱歌手博卡·埃斯特班(Boika Esteban)在他的歌曲《五十周年广场》(Piazza dei Cinquecento)中重复使用了巴比耶里在Dopo il o中的歌词。Ribka Sibhatu和Simone Brioni的纪录片Aulò。《罗马后殖民》(2012)展示了这首歌的节选Andrea Costa(1851-1910)是一位政治家,意大利社会党创始人之一。在作者回忆录中,她回忆了她在索马里的童年,她来到意大利,以及她生活中与索马里侨民的经历有关的所有情节。这本书有着悠久的出版历史:在这里我只回顾一下1994年由Datanews首次出版的Lontano da mogadishu。在这篇文章中,我使用的是2013年的修订版和扩充版,虽然它不是最新的版本,因为这个版本被认为是双语的。2013年的版本由Laurana出版,而最近的版本由CreateSpace.16于2016年出版这是茱莉亚的故事,她的母亲是索马里人,父亲是意大利人。大部分情节都发生在摩加迪沙(尤其是一所寄宿学校)。这本书的最后一部分以意大利为背景。起源和文化的混杂是这部小说的主题。它于2010年首次出版,由编辑Nerosubianco;我在这里使用的是由CreateSpace.17出版的2017年再版《马德雷·皮科拉》是一个由三个人物组成的故事,他们都是故事情节的叙述者:巴尼,她的表妹多梅尼卡·阿扎德,以及后者的前夫塔吉里。索马里内战、流离失所和母性是这部交织在一起的小说中探讨的一些主题欲了解索马里社区在特米尼地区的贸易情况,请参见Comberiati (citation2017,166)20 . Ali Farah(引文2007,15)回忆起在马德雷皮卡举行的同样的葬礼关于Termini与移民之间的关系,见Brioni (Citation2017, 449-450).21这部小说讲述了一个名叫阿杜瓦的索马里女人的故事,阿杜瓦的名字来源于1896年意大利对埃塞俄比亚的战争。在20世纪70年代,她来到意大利追求她成为一名演员的梦想。她被误导,被残酷地剥削和虐待。她的故事与今天的欧洲移民危机有关。她遇到了一个年轻的难民,然后嫁给了他阿杜瓦称这名男子为“泰坦尼克号”来嘲笑他,故意用一个粗鲁的名字来称呼一个没有淹死的人。而他则称她为“老里拉”(Vecchia Lira),因为阿杜瓦在20世纪70年代来到意大利,当时的货币是里拉:这是一种不友好的方式,表明她比他年长,而且她属于上一代移民。因此,《阿杜瓦》中人物给彼此起的绰号表明,移民社区内的关系是多么紧张和非线性争论非常广泛和激烈:在关于这个主题的许多贡献中,除了本文引言中提到的那些,我在这里只提到了塞戈(Citation2020b)欲了解更多详情,请访问他们的网站(https://cinemaimpero.wordpress.com)和他们的Facebook页面我计算了一下,2016年,在那年入学的176名学生中,大约有136名学生属于非意大利人或混合文化背景。另见Fortunato (Citation2018).26小说讲述了一个索马里女孩罗达的故事,她故意在意大利成为妓女:这个选择是她从索马里背井离乡的创伤和她未表达的双性恋的结果。这个故事从不同的角度叙述:罗达、罗达的妹妹艾莎、罗达的姨妈巴尼、朋友法杜玛和来自那不勒斯的年轻人皮诺。启发塞戈创作拉法努·布朗的雕刻
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引用次数: 0
Palestine 2048 in Inertia: False Utopias, A Dwindling Nation, and the Last Palestinian 2048年的巴勒斯坦,刊于《惯性:虚假的乌托邦、一个日渐萎缩的国家和最后的巴勒斯坦人》
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252813
Maurice Ebileeni
This essay proposes to discuss how the recent turn to the futuristic in a selection of Palestinian science fiction works assumes a fatalistic tenor in that it expresses the inability and unwillingness of Palestinian imagination to move forward and confront the prospects of what seems to be inevitable epistemic erasure. The act of imagining fictional futures seemingly suspends the coming of the actual future that does not offer tenable conditions for Palestinian continuation. The essay brings together Larissa Sansour’s sci-fi short film trilogy – A Space Exodus (2008), Nation Estate (2013), and In the Future They Ate from the Finest Porcelain (2015) – and a selection of short stories from the recent sci-fi collection Palestine +100 edited by Basma Ghalayini. The aim is to demonstrate how the suspension of temporal progression in Palestinian imaginings structures futuristic configurations of three more or less familiar Palestinian tropes: (1) the utopic call for liberating Palestine “from the river to the sea”; (2) the dystopic implications of the (conceptual and territorial) shrinking space of a vanishing nation; and (3) continuation in the aftermath of the Palestinian apocalypse. To imagine in the cataclysmic present moment, I argue, epistemically asserts the existence of Palestine and, consequently, wards off the prospects of nonbeing as the possibility of statehood is steadily dwindling.
这篇文章打算讨论最近巴勒斯坦科幻作品选集转向未来主义是如何假设了一种宿命论的基调,因为它表达了巴勒斯坦想象力的无能和不愿意向前发展,面对似乎不可避免的认知消除的前景。想象虚构未来的行为似乎延缓了现实未来的到来,而现实未来没有为巴勒斯坦的延续提供站住脚的条件。这篇文章汇集了拉里萨·桑索尔的科幻短片三部曲——《太空逃亡》(2008年)、《国家庄园》(2013年)和《在未来,他们吃的是最好的瓷器》(2015年)——以及巴斯马·加拉伊尼编辑的最新科幻作品集《巴勒斯坦+100》中的短篇小说选集。其目的是展示巴勒斯坦人想象中时间进程的暂停是如何构建三个或多或少熟悉的巴勒斯坦比喻的未来主义结构的:(1)解放巴勒斯坦的乌托邦呼吁“从河流到海洋”;(2)一个消失的国家(概念和领土)收缩空间的反乌托邦含义;(3)巴勒斯坦灾难之后的延续。我认为,想象一下,在灾难性的当前时刻,认识论地断言巴勒斯坦的存在,因此,在建国的可能性稳步减少的情况下,避免了不存在的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Vernacular Animalities: Reading Multispecies Ethics in Hasan Azizul Haque’s Short Stories 乡土动物:解读哈桑·阿齐祖尔·哈克短篇小说中的多物种伦理
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252796
Sreyashi Ray
AbstractThis essay foregrounds new vernacular aesthetics of multispecies ethics through close readings of two short stories – “Shokun” (“Vulture”) and “Amrityu Ajibon” (“Till Death, Through Life”) – by Bengali writer Hasan Azizul Haque (1939–2021). Postcolonial literary criticism has predominantly focused on Haque’s incisive portrayal of the consequences of the Partition of India and Bangladesh Liberation War on affected minorities, but his depictions of other-than-human subjects and interspecies relationalities implicated in postcolonial power dynamics have not received the critical attention that they merit. This essay draws on the analytical frameworks offered by interdisciplinary animal studies to demonstrate the agential roles of animals in Haque’s stories. Through literary speculations on animal alterities and entangled human–animal vulnerabilities, the short stories studied in this essay articulate the impact of feudal economic structures and inter-class hierarchies on landless peasants and debt-bonded labourers in post-Partition Bengal. They elaborate the mechanisms through which vernacular knowledges about human–animal coexistence, communication, and co-constitution provide textual corollaries for subaltern consciousness, resistance, and moral upliftment. I argue that the material and semiotic dimensions of literary animal figures in the stories produce unique narrative instances of recuperative animal agencies through sustained attention to the corporeal dynamics and affective logics of interspecies interactions. I also argue that while the material aspects of interspecies relationships are manifested through embodied affect, their symbolic aspects become conspicuous through the textual preeminence of metonymic animals over their metaphoric configurations. I show that through different textual iterations of transspecies relatedness stemming from (but not limited to) two kinds of physical contiguity – a vulture’s peck and a snake’s bite – Haque’s short stories critique both uncritical consolidation and outright disavowal of interspecies difference.Keywords: AnimalsHaqueHasan Azizulmetaphormetonymymultispecies ethics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Radhika Govindrajan outlines the optic of otherwildness as “a world of tentative and difficult fellowship” in which “animals are not always and already imbricated in human projects but come to interspecies relationship as beings whose histories, though linked to humans, are not exhaustively contained by them” (Citation2018, 123).2 I borrow these two phrases from Neetu Khanna’s trenchant portrayal of the visceral exchanges between colonized and colonizing subjects in The Visceral Logics of Decolonization. See Khanna (Citation2020, 6).3 All translations from Hasan Azizul Haque’s original Bengali short stories are mine.4 I use the pronoun “it” to refer to the vulture in this particular context because it aligns with the author’s usage in t
摘要本文通过对孟加拉作家哈桑·阿齐祖尔·哈克(Hasan Azizul Haque, 1939-2021)的两部短篇小说《秃鹫》(Shokun)和《直到死亡,通过生命》(Amrityu Ajibon)的细读,展望了多元伦理的新白话美学。后殖民文学批评主要集中在哈克对印度分治和孟加拉国解放战争对受影响的少数民族的影响的深刻描绘上,但他对非人类主题和后殖民权力动态中涉及的物种间关系的描绘并没有得到应有的批评关注。本文利用跨学科动物研究提供的分析框架来论证动物在哈克故事中的代理角色。本文研究的短篇小说通过对动物多样性和人类与动物之间错综复杂的脆弱性的文学推测,阐明了分治后孟加拉的封建经济结构和阶级间等级制度对无地农民和欠债劳工的影响。他们详细阐述了关于人与动物共存、交流和共同构成的白话知识为次等意识、抵抗和道德提升提供文本推论的机制。我认为故事中文学动物形象的物质和符号学维度通过对物种间互动的身体动态和情感逻辑的持续关注,产生了独特的动物恢复代理的叙事实例。我还认为,虽然物种间关系的物质方面是通过具体化的情感表现出来的,但它们的象征方面通过转喻动物在其隐喻配置上的文本优势而变得明显。我表明,通过不同的文本迭代,跨物种的关系源于(但不限于)两种物理上的接近——秃鹫的啄和蛇的咬——哈克的短篇小说批评了不加批判的巩固和对物种间差异的完全否认。关键词:动物shaquehasan azizul隐喻多物种伦理披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突。注1 Radhika Govindrajan将另类野生的视野概括为“一个充满尝试和困难的伙伴关系的世界”,在这个世界中,“动物并不总是也已经被人类的项目所束缚,而是作为一种生物而进入物种间的关系,它们的历史虽然与人类有关,但并不完全包含在其中”(citation2018,123)我借用了Neetu Khanna在《非殖民化的内在逻辑》一书中对被殖民化主体和被殖民化主体之间内在交流的尖锐描述。2 .参见Khanna (Citation2020, 6)所有哈桑·阿齐祖尔·哈克的孟加拉语短篇小说原著都是我翻译的在这个特殊的语境中,我用代词“它”来指代秃鹫,因为它与作者在原著中的用法一致,也符合男孩们的感知领域,在这个领域中,秃鹫在主体和客体之间的界限地带茁壮成长。在所有其他例子中,我都使用了中性代词“他们”,因为文本没有明确说明秃鹫的性别身份我把“他者”写成大写的other或小写的other,与列维纳斯和德里达在引用的节选中使用它们的方式一致。一般来说,我用小写的other来表示单数动物Anat Pick提出,人类可以通过一种收缩的姿态,与自己内在的动物性作斗争,即与动物分享人类的主体性世界,并承认人类主体性中被否认的动物性(Citation2011, 6)bacimacdicte Boisseron认为,狗的咬伤是“动物声音的一种表达,无论咬伤行为本身是多么条件化”,并且“不断提醒人们,人类也是一种可以食用的动物”(citation2018,70,71)。如果施加痛苦是“狗通过受害者代理人的尖叫来证明自己受到虐待的唯一方式”,那么咬伤是“使这个他者真正成为自己一部分的最原始方式”(Boisseron citation2018,70)哈克没有明确提到蛇的性别身份。然而,他用阳性形容词如prācīn(古代)和prab<e:1> n(老年)来描述蛇,而不是孟加拉语中的阴性形容词让·m·兰福德(Jean M. Langford)认为,动物作为神奇生物的故事“阐明了动物意识的形式,否则这些形式将是不透明的。”转向神奇的动物或‘真实’动物的神奇方面,有助于想象动物的欲望、情感和交流,否则这些可能是无法实现的”(Citation2020, 211)。 德里达观察到,好客的道德准则是通过尊重第一个来的人,在别人之后来,在别人之后帮助自己而产生的,不管别人是谁(引文2009,239)眼镜蛇的物理外观和他具体化的存在的物质后果抵制了对他的性格的独家隐喻性解读。相反,从他最初作为封建地主的转喻形象到他最后作为兽形神的转喻身份有一个过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Showcasing Italianness Through Migration Governance 通过移民治理展示意大利特色
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252793
Galadriel Ravelli
Discourse played a crucial role in upholding the “Border Spectacle” throughout the “refugee crisis”. This essay seeks to explore the discursive components of migration governance throughout the “refugee crisis” in Italy by drawing on Sayad’s observation that the state thinks about itself when it talks about migration. The analysis shows that the national categories through which states think about immigration are significantly influenced by the colonial legacy. I rely on discourse analysis approaches to explore the speeches of the two Ministers of the Interior who oversaw migration governance between 2013 and 2018. I argue that the “crisis” offered Italy a key opportunity to showcase its national community as a good-natured and selfless one, while also emphasizing its unique performance within the Mediterranean space. As the Italian case demonstrates, unpacking the national categories through which states conceive migration can contribute to exposing and challenging the historical sanitization of migration governance discourse throughout the “refugee crisis”.
在整个“难民危机”中,话语在维护“边境奇观”方面发挥了至关重要的作用。本文试图通过借鉴Sayad的观察,探索意大利在“难民危机”中移民治理的话语组成部分,即国家在谈论移民时考虑的是自身。分析表明,各国考虑移民问题的国家类别受到殖民遗产的显著影响。我依靠话语分析方法来探索2013年至2018年期间监督移民治理的两位内政部长的演讲。我认为,这场“危机”为意大利提供了一个关键的机会,展示其民族社会是一个善良和无私的社会,同时也强调其在地中海空间内的独特表现。正如意大利的案例所表明的那样,拆解各国对移民的国家分类,有助于揭露和挑战在整个“难民危机”中对移民治理话语的历史消毒。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonizing Language Resources in The Human-Machine Era 人机时代语言资源的非殖民化
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252804
Anna Østerskov Gammelgaard, Casper Gjødvad Pedersen, Emilie Strudahl Kaspersen, Marius Risbæk Thomsen, Jonathan Kok Samson, Anne H. Fabricius
AbstractThis essay engages with the issue of future developing language technologies. In recent policy publications that attempt to predict and document an increasingly technologized linguistic future, we see a set of assumptions and presuppositions at work that we approach from a decolonial perspective. We use a sociolinguistically inspired lens of critical engagement with colonialist premises underlying these ideologies and beliefs in universal technological progress in the arena of language and communication. Based on decolonial insights, we make a critical reading of, and an allegorical comparison to, these premises, and ask whether a pluralistic, decolonial view of the role of language/language resources in society could aid in counteracting potential automatic reproductions of existing macro- and micro-sociolinguistic inequalities embodied in future language devices as described and forecast in the LITHME (Languages in the Human-Machine Era) report, Microsoft Corporation’s Responsible Artificial Intelligence Principles and the Digital Language Vitality Scale, three examples of recent publications on this topic. We frame critical rejoinders, from the theoretical perspectives of linguistic imperialism, the sociolinguistics of globalization, and languaging theory, with the aim to address future linguistic and sociolinguistic outcomes in the human-machine era in a decoloniality-inspired manner. We conclude that persistent beliefs in the inevitability of technological progress will continue to underpin and drive dominant Western interests in a digital future, and, unless radical reappraisal and reprioritization take place, these will continue to systematically disadvantage speakers in many locales across the globe. We end by encouraging continued critical linguistic reflection in this area in the future.keywords: Artificial intelligenceaugmented reality devicescritiquedecolonialitylanguage technologieslanguaginglinguistic imperialism AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge here the assistance we have had along the way in the creation of this essay. Much of its theoretical apparatus is owed to a course at Roskilde University in the autumn of 2021 called Knowledges for the Humanities, taught by Stephen Carney and Julia Suárez-Krabbe, among others. The essay has also benefited immensely from input from the editor and two anonymous reviewers for this journal. We thank them for their contributions, and all remaining errors are our own.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 In terms of our own positionality, we are ourselves writers from the West, from Europe and specifically from Denmark, a wealthy and highly digitalized country, with 94 percent of citizens online and particularly strong digital public services (Invest in Denmark Citation2017).2 Mundialización versus globalization, according to Mignolo (Citation2012, 279), encapsulates, among other things, a distinction between local histories and global des
摘要本文讨论了语言技术的未来发展问题。在最近的政策出版物中,试图预测和记录一个日益技术化的语言未来,我们看到了一组假设和前提,我们从非殖民化的角度来看待。我们使用社会语言学启发的批判性参与镜头与殖民主义的前提下,这些意识形态和信仰在语言和交流领域的普遍技术进步的基础上。基于非殖民化的见解,我们对这些前提进行了批判性的阅读和讽喻的比较,并提出了一个问题,即语言/语言资源在社会中的作用的多元化,非殖民化的观点是否有助于抵消未来语言设备中体现的现有宏观和微观社会语言不平等的潜在自动复制,如LITHME(人机时代的语言)报告中所描述和预测的那样。微软公司的《负责任的人工智能原则》和《数字语言活力量表》是最近关于这一主题的三个例子。我们从语言帝国主义的理论角度、全球化的社会语言学和语言理论出发,构建了批判性的反驳,旨在以一种非殖民化的方式解决人机时代未来语言学和社会语言学的结果。我们的结论是,对技术进步必然性的坚持信念将继续支撑和推动西方在数字未来的主导利益,除非进行彻底的重新评估和重新确定优先级,否则这些将继续系统性地使全球许多地区的发言者处于不利地位。最后,我们鼓励今后在这一领域继续进行批判性的语言反思。关键词:人工智能;增强现实设备;批判;非殖民化;语言技术;语言帝国主义;它的大部分理论设备都要归功于2021年秋季罗斯基勒大学(Roskilde University)一门名为“人文知识”的课程,由斯蒂芬·卡尼(Stephen Carney)和朱莉娅Suárez-Krabbe等人教授。这篇文章也从该杂志的编辑和两位匿名审稿人的意见中受益匪浅。我们感谢他们的贡献,所有剩下的错误都是我们自己的。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1就我们自己的定位而言,我们自己就是来自西方、欧洲,特别是来自丹麦的作家,丹麦是一个富裕且高度数字化的国家,94%的公民在线,数字公共服务特别强大(Invest In Denmark Citation2017)根据Mignolo (Citation2012, 279)的说法,Mundialización vs .全球化,在其他方面,概括了当地历史和全球设计之间的区别通用语被理解为不是所有人都以同一种语言为母语的人所使用的共同代码“跨地域是一系列持久的、开放的、非线性的过程,它在不同的地方和人之间产生了密切的相互关系。这些相互关系和各种形式的交流是通过不断受到质疑和改造的移民流动和网络创造的”(Peth Citation2018,第18段)。4) 5然而,这并不是LITHME报告对AR眼镜和耳机的评论的立场,因为这项技术理想地允许个人说他们自己的母语,允许交流而不必调整或屈服于占主导地位的通用英语。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating the Carceral Space 协商Carceral空间
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252795
Susmita Sarangi, Akshaya K. Rath
AbstractFollowing the Sepoy Mutiny (1857), a penal settlement in the Andamans started operating to accommodate mutiny and other prisoners, and a convict society devised by class, caste and religion gradually evolved in the Andaman Islands. Starting in 1909, the government transported “political prisoners” whom they labelled as “anarchists” or “terrorists”, and the settlement witnessed a revolutionary history. Subject to incessant tortures, the political prisoners wrote constant mercy petitions to the government reflecting remorse for their past revolutionary activities. This essay reads the politics of juridical and mercy petitions of the political prisoners and their families, and suggests that an inverted political identity negating contemporary nationalism operated in the carceral and personal site. It also presents the narrative of the struggle for personal and political freedom that involved hunger strikes and political negotiations in the penal space.Keywords: AndamansCellular Jailfreedom struggle movementhunger strikespolitical prisonersSepoy Mutiny AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their observations and constructive comments on the essay. In addition, the authors would like to thank the archivists and staff at the National Archives of India, New Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar State Archives, Port Blair, for their help in locating different papers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).ArchivesReport on the Working of the Penal Settlement by C.J. Lyall and Surgeon-Major A.S. Lethbridge. June 1890. Home Department [Port Blair]. New Delhi: National Archives of India (hereafter ND: NAI).Transportation to the Andamans of Six Men Convicted in the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case. December 1909. Home (Political) Department, Progs. No. 84–7 (A). ND: NAI.Treatment in the Andamans of Prisoners Convicted for Sedition and Cognate Offences. December 1912. Home (Political) Department, Progs. No. 11–31 (B). ND: NAI.V.D. Savarkar’s, Sudhir Kumar Sarcar’s and Barindra Ghosh’s Petition to Craddock. February 1914. Home (Political) Department, Progs. No. 68–160. ND: NAI.Barindra Ghosh’s Petition to the Chief Commissioner of the Andamans and Superintendent of Port Blair. May 1914. Home (Political) Department, Progs. No. 96–110 (B). ND: NAI.V.D. Savarkar’s Petition to the Chief Commissioner, Andaman Islands. November 1914. Home (Political – B) Department, Progs. No. 245. ND: NAI.Notes. June 1915. Home (Political – A) Department, Progs. No. 141–2. ND: NAI.Bhai Parmanand’s Petition. October 1919. Home (Political – A) Department, Progs. No. 129–39. ND: NAI.V.D. Savarkar’s Petition to the Government of India. August 1920. Home (Political – A) Department, Progs. No. 368–73. ND: NAI.Notes1 Transportation in Britain, as an alternative to hanging, came into effect in the eighteenth century following the passage of the Transportation Act 1717 and Criminal Law Act 1776.2 The pr
【摘要】1857年印度兵兵变(Sepoy Mutiny)发生后,安达曼群岛开始有了收容叛变者和其他囚犯的刑罚安置所,安达曼群岛逐渐形成了以阶级、种姓和宗教为基础的罪犯社会。从1909年开始,政府运送被贴上“无政府主义者”或“恐怖分子”标签的“政治犯”,这个定居点见证了一段革命历史。政治犯们在不断的折磨下,对过去的革命活动表示反省,不断向政府写“宽恕请愿书”。本文解读了政治犯及其家属的司法请愿和怜悯请愿的政治,并提出了一种否定当代民族主义的倒置政治身份在监狱和个人场所运作。它还讲述了争取个人和政治自由的斗争,其中包括在刑罚空间进行绝食抗议和政治谈判。关键词:安达曼监狱,囚室监狱,自由斗争运动,绝食抗议,政治犯,士兵叛变感谢作者感谢匿名审稿人和编辑对本文的观察和建设性意见。此外,作者要感谢新德里印度国家档案馆和布莱尔港安达曼和尼科巴国家档案馆的档案管理员和工作人员,感谢他们帮助找到不同的文件。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。C.J.莱尔和外科医生A.S.莱斯布里奇关于刑事和解工作的档案报告。1890年6月。内政部[布莱尔港]。新德里:印度国家档案馆(以下简称ND: NAI)。运送六名在阿里波炸弹阴谋案中被定罪的男子到安达曼群岛。1909年12月。家庭(政治)部,进步No. 84-7 (A). ND: NAI。在安达曼群岛被判犯有煽动叛乱罪和类似罪行的囚犯的待遇。1912年12月。家庭(政治)部,进步第11-31号(B)。Savarkar, Sudhir Kumar Sarcar和Barindra Ghosh给Craddock的请愿书。1914年2月。家庭(政治)部,进步68 - 160年。ND:奈。巴林德拉·高什致安达曼群岛首席专员和布莱尔港警司的请愿书。1914年5月。家庭(政治)部,进步第96-110号(B)。萨瓦卡致安达曼群岛首席专员的请愿书。1914年11月。家庭(政治- B)部,进步。245号。ND: NAI.Notes。1915年6月。家庭(政治- A)部,进步141 - 2。ND:奈。Bhai Parmanand的请愿书。1919年10月。家庭(政治- A)部,进步129 - 39。ND: NAI.V.D。萨瓦卡给印度政府的请愿书。1920年8月。家庭(政治- A)部,进步368 - 73年。ND:奈。注1 18世纪,随着《1717年运输法》和《1776年刑法法》的通过,英国的运输作为绞刑的一种替代方式开始生效。2安达曼群岛靠近中国的海上贸易路线,这对控制远东的海上航线至关重要。此外,受安达曼土著袭击的海难海员的请求使英国吞并了这些岛屿。这次兵变只是为安达曼群岛成为流放地的借口提供了一个背景(Anderson citation2018,154;[2]《生态学报》1862,110)获释后,安达曼囚犯——尤其是毛拉·贾法尔·塔内萨里的Kala Pani或Tavarikh-e-Ajib(1885)——在安达曼群岛的监禁期间表现得很舒适,这使得囚犯更喜欢在运输而不是在印度监狱服刑,并使和解失去了威慑作用(Sen Citation2004)牢房监狱的建设始于1896年,并于1906年完工(Rath Citation2022, 148)这一时期的著名罪犯,如Barindra Ghosh, V.D. Savarkar, Bhai Parmanand和Ullaskar Dutt,在他们从刑罚空间释放后出版了他们的自传。独立后,这些叙述有助于塑造安达曼囚犯的形象一般来说,“政治犯”是指“因被认为具有政治性质的‘罪行’而被国家剥夺自由的人”(Singh citation2001,20)。根据上下文和时间段,这个术语有不同的定义。详见Ujjwal Singh的《印度的政治犯》(Citation2001)拘留所不允许犯人拿笔和纸。他们向监狱官员口头陈述了他们的不满,并将其记录在监狱日记中。请愿书由监狱当局宣读,并在发送前经过仔细审查。平均而言,它们有两到三页长。这些文本保存在囚犯的案件档案中,独立后,它们一直是不同档案和资料库的一部分。 8 Ganesh Savarkar, Hrishikesh Kanjilal, Bhai Parmanand, Sudhir Kumar Sarcar和Nand Gopal也写了请愿书,描述了他们在监狱中的折磨,并要求政治犯的权利休伊特建议,如果法律允许,这些囚犯应该被驱逐出境。他得到了刑事情报总监史蒂文森·摩尔的支持,他认为印度的监狱制度玩忽职守由于这些囚犯被称为“特别危险的”,他们将与他们的小组成员和其他囚犯隔离开来。Minto对在一个遥远的地方提供这种待遇表示怀疑,因此反对将他们驱逐出境根据政府的特别指示,安达曼官员以怀疑的眼光看待囚犯,并对他们格外警惕,以免他们逃跑或在定居点引起骚乱关于政治犯的叙述将他们置于惯犯的看守之下,将文书工作分配给普通囚犯,以及印度教囚犯由穆斯林看守的事实,这些都是故意在囚犯中促进宗教和阶级/种姓分裂的企图。萨瓦卡尔和高希认为,他们的策略是破坏囚犯之间的团结。在叙述这段经历时,Savarkar自己在印度教徒和穆斯林问题上的正统立场出现了,这将在接下来的几年里帮助他撰写《印度教论》(1923)运输将罪犯从印度“大陆”运来,将他们隔离了三倍,将案件人员分开,并剥夺了“恢复社会的‘普通’罪犯”的空间(Sen Citation2000, 266)。与印度监狱不同,请愿是他们在安达曼群岛与政府建立沟通渠道的唯一工具大卫·阿诺德和斯图尔特·布莱克本(Citation2004)将中产阶级囚犯的监狱叙事视为现代南亚写作的一个重要亚类型,而穆什鲁·哈桑(Citation2016)则将诗歌作为一种表达媒介,以理解囚犯的监狱经历,并将其作为印度自由斗争运动的一部分在油厂工作被认为是牢房监狱中最艰苦的工作之一,对每个政治犯来说都是考验。Savarkar (Citation1984, 81)写道,男人“像动物一样被束缚在转动轮子的把手上”,而Barindra Ghosh (Citation2011, 108)则以以下方式提出了其后果:“当身体上不可能磨出30磅时。对于石油,一个人被迫寻求更强大的恶棍的帮助,以避免惩罚,这意味着为了最卑鄙的目的而出卖自己的身体。安达曼群岛的政治犯面临着严酷的待遇和没有特权的待遇;然而,在印度的监狱里,国家囚犯可以读书,与家人交流,并得到健康的饮食。17 .安达曼囚犯期望在刑罚空间得到类似的待遇(Majumdar Citation1976)印度监狱委员会(1920年)在强调高昂的维护费用和缺乏改革影响的同时,建议停止将囚犯(危险囚犯除外)运送到定居点。尽管政府同意了这一提议,但印度监狱的过度拥挤使其改变了决定。运送普通囚犯的工作继续进行,在孟加拉的“激进”活动之后,政治犯的运送工作于1932年恢复。例如,让·热内(Jean Genet)的处女作《花之圣母》(Our Lady of the Flowers, 1943)是在监狱里写的,被一名看守烧毁,后来又由他重写,从而提供了一个小行为如何引起监禁抵抗的典范。同样,大卫·劳埃德的《爱尔兰文化与殖民现代性1800-2000》(2011)表明,通过口头叙述的幸存,对殖民统治的抵抗是如何
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引用次数: 0
The question of script for Sindhi in India: reflections on postcolonial grammatology 印度信德语的文字问题:对后殖民语法学的反思
3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2023.2252786
Soni Wadhwa
AbstractWhen Sindhi Hindus came to India after the 1947 Partition, they had little to help them survive as a community. Given the linguistic organization of states in independent India, the community has been striving to forge an identity comparable to other communities that have a state/territory they can flourish in. First, Sindhis struggled to gain recognition for their language as an official language listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Second, they demanded that entertainment content be broadcast in Sindhi in official national media spaces. The case of Sindhi stands as a fascinating case study at the intersection of ideas such as nationalism, citizenship, and minority identity. The case of Sindhi is also a narrative of self-transformation, one of which is its struggle for survival that has also led to the revival of the question of its script. In the 1960s, a faction among the Sindhi intelligentsia proposed that in order to stay relevant and alive in India, it must adopt the Devanagari script and give up its Perso-Arabic script associated with the language since the nineteenth century. In this essay, I revisit this debate to uncover postcolonial grammatology as an approach to deal with South Asian sites of language and writing.Keywords: DevanagarigrammatologyIndian literaturepartitionpostcolonialismscriptSindhi Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
【摘要】1947年印巴分治后,当信德印度教徒来到印度时,他们几乎没有什么东西可以帮助他们作为一个社区生存下去。考虑到独立印度各邦的语言组织,该社区一直在努力打造一种与其他拥有国家/领土的社区相媲美的身份。首先,信德人努力使自己的语言被承认为印度宪法第八附表所列的官方语言。其次,他们要求在官方国家媒体空间用信德语播放娱乐内容。在民族主义、公民身份和少数民族身份等思想的交叉点上,信德的案例是一个引人入胜的案例研究。信德的案例也是一种自我转变的叙事,其中之一是它为生存而斗争,这也导致了其剧本问题的复兴。在20世纪60年代,信德知识分子中的一个派别提出,为了在印度保持相关性和活力,它必须采用Devanagari文字,放弃自19世纪以来与该语言联系在一起的波斯-阿拉伯文字。在这篇文章中,我重新审视了这场辩论,以揭示后殖民语法学作为处理南亚语言和写作遗址的一种方法。关键词:德文、语法、印度文学、分治、后殖民主义、信德语披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Minor Literature and the Translation of the (M)other 辅修文学与翻译(M)其他
IF 0.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/1369801X.2021.1885464
Núria Codina Solà
This essay argues that the notion of minor literature, so far conceived as a linguistic category, needs to be understood in broader, relational terms. The essay proposes a definition that takes into account the material conditions of literary production. It situates the political contestation inherent to minor literature not only in the choice and use of language, but also in the process of representation itself. Minor literature registers the disparities surrounding literacy and linguistic fluency and binds them into social realities: while laying bare the linguistic and material privileges that sustain the literary and stretching the text’s mimetic potential towards its limits, it uses the distance that separates the text from the world to evoke minorities. My readings of “La filla estrangera” by the Catalan-Amazigh writer Najat El Hachmi and “Night Dancer” by the Igbo-Flemish-American author Chika Unigwe put this relational, material understanding of minor literature to the test. The novels attend to the ways in which our discursive practices render certain languages and identities marginal. Leaning on the notion of translation, the essay shows how this powerful articulation of otherness is necessarily constrained by the gap between what is represented (the subaltern, the oral, the multilingual, the illiterate) and how it can be represented (the written text, the vehicular language).
本文认为,小文学的概念,迄今为止被认为是一个语言学范畴,需要在更广泛的关系术语来理解。本文提出了一个考虑到文学生产物质条件的定义。它将小众文学固有的政治纷争不仅置于语言的选择和使用中,而且置于表征本身的过程中。小众文学记录了围绕读写能力和语言流利程度的差异,并将其与社会现实联系在一起:它在揭露维持文学的语言和物质特权,并将文本的模仿潜力推向极限的同时,利用将文本与世界分开的距离来唤起少数群体。我读了加泰罗尼亚-阿马齐格作家纳贾特·埃尔·哈希米(Najat El Hachmi)的《陌路之人》(La fililla疏远)和伊博-佛兰德裔美国作家奇卡·尤尼格(Chika Unigwe)的《夜舞者》(Night Dancer),对这种对小文学的关系性、材料性理解进行了考验。这些小说关注的是我们的话语实践使某些语言和身份边缘化的方式。借助翻译的概念,这篇文章展示了他者性的这种强有力的表达是如何必然受到表征物(下层社会、口头、多语言、文盲)与表征物(书面文本、载体语言)之间的差距的限制的。
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引用次数: 0
The Complexity Behind Face Masks 口罩背后的复杂性
IF 0.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.21428/9610DDB2.CB961F92
D. Adjodah
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引用次数: 0
Asymmetries 不对称
IF 0.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/1369801x.2020.1813610
Cóilín Parsons
In introducing this special issue on South African and Irish literature and culture, this essay offers a critical overview of the field of comparisons between these two former colonies. Though the cultural output of both sites is often figured as exceptional or incomparable, there is a constant drumbeat of popular comparisons between South Africa and Ireland, and the disciplines of history, political science, and conflict resolution have long compared Irish and South African trajectories in the twentieth century. Comparisons often rely on an assumed solidarity or affinity based on a shared colonial history, but the radically different economic and political realities of the two sites make such assumptions unstable. This introduction suggests it is time for a more nuanced set of comparative studies that recognize the profoundly asymmetrical relations between South Africa and Ireland, as well as the potential limits of comparative practice, and yet the gains from bringing together two anomalous postcolonial case studies. Drawing on the work of Peter D. McDonald, the essay makes a case for listening carefully to the idiosyncrasies of a “tangled archive” of South African–Irish relations in order to shed light on what postcolonial comparison might look like in the twenty-first century.
在介绍这个关于南非和爱尔兰文学和文化的特刊时,本文对这两个前殖民地之间的比较领域提供了一个批判性的概述。虽然这两个地方的文化产出通常被认为是特殊的或无法比拟的,但南非和爱尔兰之间的比较一直很流行,历史、政治科学和冲突解决等学科长期以来一直在比较爱尔兰和南非在20世纪的发展轨迹。比较通常依赖于基于共同殖民历史的假设的团结或亲近感,但两个地点的经济和政治现实截然不同,使得这种假设不稳定。这篇引言表明,现在是时候进行一组更细致的比较研究,认识到南非和爱尔兰之间深刻的不对称关系,以及比较实践的潜在局限性,然而,将两个异常的后殖民案例研究结合在一起会有所收获。这篇文章借鉴了彼得·d·麦克唐纳(Peter D. McDonald)的作品,仔细倾听南非与爱尔兰关系“错综复杂的档案”的特质,以阐明二十一世纪后殖民时期的比较可能是什么样子。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Interventions-International Journal of Postcolonial Studies
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