Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment","authors":"Marta Brescia-Zapata, Krzysztof Krejtz, Andrew T. Duchowski, Chris J. Hughes, Pilar Orero","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268122","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual and Augmented Reality, collectively known as eXtended Reality, are key technologies for the next generation of human–computer–human interaction. In this context, 360° videos are becoming ubiquitous and especially suitable for providing immersive experiences thanks to the proliferation of affordable devices. This new medium has an untapped potential for the inclusion of modern subtitles to foster media content accessibility (Gejrot et al., Citation2021), e.g., for the deaf or hard-of-hearing people, and to also promote cultural inclusivity via language translation (Orero, Citation2022). Prior research on the presentation of subtitles in 360° videos relied on subjective methods and involved a small number of participants (Brown et al., Citation2018; Agulló, Citation2019; Oncins et al., Citation2020), leading to inconclusive results. The aim of this paper is to compare two conditions of subtitles in 360° videos: position (head-locked vs fixed) and colour (monochrome vs colour). Empirical analysis relies on novel triangulation of data from three complementary methods: psycho-physiological attentional process measures (eye movements), performance measures (media content comprehension), and subjective task-load and preferences (self-report measures). Results show that head-locked coloured subtitles are the preferred option.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wine and translation: an analysis of phraseological units in English and Spanish wine technical sheets","authors":"Leticia Moreno-Pérez, Belén López-Arroyo","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe language used to market and describe wine is characterised by the subjectivity and creativity of the terms used. This makes the encoding and decoding of oenology-related texts a demanding task. As genres in this field are persuasive in nature, the correct translation of wine-related terminology is crucial to sell the product. In wine-related genres, phraseological units have been understudied especially with regards to translation. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the use of phraseological units in one of the most representative genres in the field, i.e. wine technical sheets, with a view to assisting translators in the comprehension and management of oenology-related texts. A contrastive analysis was carried out using an English-Spanish comparable corpus in order to identify and classify phraseological units according to their function and semantic characteristics; further analysis of the distribution of these units allowed us to define the rhetorical structure of wine technical sheets. The study evidenced the high frequency and complexity of phraseological units in the genre.KEYWORDS: Specialised phraseologyoenologycomparable corporatranslation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The concept of genre refers to a specific set of communicative purposes used by discourse communities (Bhatia, Citation2004, p. 23) which impose constraints at micro and macro linguistic levels. For a comprehensive classification of text genres in the field of wine cf. Ramírez Almansa (Citation2021).2 The term ‘amateur’ in wine tasting was coined by Robinson (Citation2015) to describe laypeople or beginners in the world of wine.3 http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/usas/ USAS groups together words according to a set of tags with three level of hierarchical semantic fields using the alphabet and a decimal system. Although it was originally developed for general language, in the present study the tags were adjusted to fit the LSP language of oenology.4 https://actres.unileon.es/wordpress/?lang=enAdditional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) under Grant PID2020-114064RB-I00 as part of the research project Lenguajes naturales controlados, comunicación colaborativa y producción textual bilingüe en entornos 3.0; the corresponding author was also supported by the European Union – NextGenerationEU via Ministerio de Universidades (Spain) and Universidad de Valladolid (Spain) under Grant Programa Recualificación del Profesorado Universitario.Notes on contributorsLeticia Moreno-PérezLeticia Moreno-Pérez holds a PhD in Professional and Institutional Translation from Universidad de Valladolid (Spain), where she has lectured topics such as English for Specific Purposes or specialised translation since 2010. Her research focuses on specialised language and its translation from a functional approach through corpus-based studies, specifically in the field of legal a","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiencing translationality: material and metaphorical journeys <b>Experiencing translationality: material and metaphorical journeys</b> , by Piotr Blumczynski, London and New York, Routledge, 2023, 222 pp., £120.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9781032459875, £34.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781032465456, £34.99 (eBook), ISBN: 9781003382201","authors":"Marek Kuźniak","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2278849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2278849","url":null,"abstract":"\"Experiencing translationality: material and metaphorical journeys.\" Perspectives, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than words: a multimodal analytical framework for studying the subtitling of swearwords","authors":"Siwen Lu","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268126","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to adopt existing methodologies to build a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)-based multimodal analytical framework capable of analysing swearing and its subtitling in their full multimodal context. The proposed framework offers tools to investigate how the communicative meanings of swearing are constructed through the interaction between different elements in different modes, and the effects of the retention and modification of the intermodal relations on subtitled films. This study finds that swearing is constructed multimodally through three metafunctional levels. Although the original swearwords are mostly omitted or changed to be less offensive in the Chinese subtitles, most communicative meanings of swearing can be inferred from the complementary relation between subtitles and the elements in the spoken and mise-en-scène modes. The study concludes that the focus of subtitle translation analysis should not be on what is lost in the target texts but on the contributions of different elements in different modes and their intermodal relations as well as how individual translation techniques work in a multimodal environment.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-fair translation: a case study beyond the binary","authors":"Manuel Lardelli","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268654","url":null,"abstract":"The increased visibility of non-binary individuals has fostered discussions around language and inclusivity. Due to differences in grammatical structures and language-specific strategies to represent non-binary genders, translation from notional gender languages into grammatical gender languages is extremely challenging. Hence, I propose a case study in gender-fair translation from English into German. Six language professionals translated three different texts. For each text, participants were instructed to use a different approach to gender-fair language, namely gender-neutral rewording, gender-inclusive characters, and neosystems. The focus of the present study is not on translation quality but rather on the cognitive processes and ease of integrating gender-fair language in the translation process. Findings from screen recordings show clear differences in translation times among participants and only partially among strategies. Results from retrospective interviews, non-participant observation, and target text annotations show increased keyboard activity and perceived difficulty in neosystems as well as lower success in their application.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideological and legal foundations of translation censorship in Iran","authors":"Behrouz Karoubi","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268630","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe Islamic Republic of Iran exercises one of the world’s most pervasive censorship systems. This system extends far beyond political concerns to include religious, social, and ethical considerations as well. Unsurprisingly, translations as cultural products are not immune from the influence of state censorship. The main objective of the current paper is to reveal the ideological foundations underpinning the censorship system in Iran, with an emphasis on censorship in translated literature. To this end, the justifications made by Iranian high-level decision-makers for censorship are critically analyzed so that readers may have a better understanding of the motives, rationales, and worldviews of perpetrators of censorship in the Islamic Republic. This article also offers supplementary information on the legal foundations and mechanism of implementation of censorship in this country.KEYWORDS: CensorshiptranslationIranideologypolitics of translation AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to express his gratitude to Prof. Luc van Doorslaer for his invaluable help and support in the research project leading to the publication of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution’s amended resolution approved in its 660th session on 13/04/2010.2 See the book publication statistics in Iran, available on https://ketab.ir/PublicationStatistics.3 In Persian: هیات بدوی رسیدگی به تخلفات ناشرانAdditional informationFundingThis paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No [grant number 882688].Notes on contributorsBehrouz KaroubiBehrouz Karoubi is an assistant professor of translation studies at Azad University, Arak, Iran, where he teaches various courses on the theory and practice of translation at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Translation and Intercultural Transfer Research Unit, KU Leuven (2020-2022), where he conducted a Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions research project (Translation Under Constraint: Censorship in the Islamic Republic of Iran (sTUCk)) under the supervision of prof. dr. Luc van Doorslaer. Karoubi's research areas of interest, on which he has published several articles in international academic journals, include translation and gender, translation and ideology, translation quality assessment, translation history, and translation and censorship.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AD in China at the crossroads: a set of guidelines for localising AD scripts from Spanish into Chinese","authors":"Yuchen Liu, Helena Casas-Tost, Sara Rovira-Esteva","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268660","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn light of the growing demand for audio description (AD) in China, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, coupled with the persistent shortage of qualified AD scriptwriters, this article advocates for AD translation from Spanish to Chinese, a type of indirect translation, as an alternative approach to addressing this issue, potentially benefiting from localisation techniques (Jankowska et al., 2017; Remael & Vercauteren, 2010). This article presents the development of a set of guidelines for localising AD scripts from Spanish into Chinese, resulting from triangulating a corpus study comparing Chinese and Spanish ADs, interviews with Chinese AD providers, a reception study with end-users, and participant observation through a field study. Additionally, it discusses three controversial elements related to AD scriptwriting, along with four norms that guide the script writers' decision-making process, which must be considered when localising AD scripts in Chinese. It concludes with a summary of the localisation guidelines.KEYWORDS: AD translationAD guidelineslocalisationindirect translationtriangulation AcknowledgementsThis article is part of the RAD project (PGC2018-096566-B-I00) funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Yuchen Liu is also a beneficiary of the scholarship FI co-funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund. We would like to thank all the participants in this study, the Department of Translation and Interpreting and East Asian Studies of the Autonomous University of Barcelona for its financial support and Roland Pearson for proofreading the first draft of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The terminology used to describe translations of translations varies significantly. In this article, we have chosen to use the term indirect translation because it seems to be a comprehensive overarching term to encompass various hyponyms, such as compilative and second-hand translation (Rosa et al., Citation2017).2 The exact time for each study is not indicated in Table 1 because it has been a long way from their design and analysis to publication, resulting in lots of time overlapping. This study has been conducted within the context of a doctoral research aiming to test the feasibility of translating AD from Spanish into Chinese that has been extended over time.3 The whole study design was approved by our university’s Ethics Committee on 1 April 2020 (Reference Number: 5125) and March 1, 2021 (Reference Number: 5458).4 http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/shehui/2006/html/fu3.htm (consulted 6 February 2023)5 https://web.archive.org/web/20071209093707/http:/news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/12/content_3908887.htm (consulted 8 February 2023).6 https://www.ohchr.org/en/what-are-human-rights (consulted 8 February 2023).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universida","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Many different practices, one name.’ A semasiological counterweight to an onomasiological approach in search for a fuller phenomenology of translation","authors":"Piotr Blumczynski","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268138","url":null,"abstract":"This article pursues two main aims. (1) In a broader sense, it contributes to the ongoing debate in translation studies about its core concepts, seeking to counterweight the traditional lingual bias. (2) This theoretical intervention is offered in response to Kobus Marais’s article published in Perspectives, in which he proposes a phenomenology of translation, drawing its main framework from his biosemiotic theory of translation. The main line of critique consists of identifying Marais’s approach as predominantly onomasiological, and demonstrating that a fuller phenomenological account of translation calls for a complementary semasiological approach. The theoretical-methodological argument is supported by a survey of expressly non-textual senses of the word translation designating material transfers (of church officials and sacred relics) to illustrate that a broad spectrum of insights historically formulated in translation studies in the course of the successive terms (cultural, material, social, post-colonial, outward, etc.), may be reached through a holistic approach that integrates semasiology and onomasiology.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translators’ subversion of gender-biased expressions: a study of the English translation of <i>The Three-Body Problem</i> trilogy","authors":"Qing Li","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe Three-Body Problem trilogy, a work by Cixin Liu, won the Hugo Award, making it the first Asian science fiction work to achieve this. The English translation of this trilogy has garnered significant attention from academics, emphasizing its literary significance. However, the androcentric and gender-biased expressions in the original text, as well as the subversive translation used to mitigate them, have received little attention. This mixed methods study, based on Theo Hermans’ concept ‘modalities of normative force’ (1996), aims to examine the translation norms in this regard and discuss how these norms define the relation between source and target texts. The findings indicate that translators Ken Liu and Joel Martinsen were required to employ subversive translation norms to eliminate gender-biased content that might cause discomfort and aversion among the target audience. This highlights the importance of translators’ subjectivity in balancing divergent social and cultural contexts during the translation process.KEYWORDS: Subversive translationnormsAndrocentrismgender-bias AcknowledgementsI would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their thought-provoking comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsQing LiQing Li is a PhD (ABD) in the School of Languages, Linguistics, Literatures and Cultures at University of Calgary, Canada. Her research interest covers post-colonial translation theory, critical translation study, and museum translation.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can you tell the difference? A study of human vs machine-translated subtitles","authors":"José Ramón Calvo-Ferrer","doi":"10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWhile machine translation offers the potential for improved efficiency and cost savings, there are concerns about its accuracy and reliability compared to human translation. This study aims to investigate the potential of machine translation systems by analysing viewers’ ability to distinguish between subtitles generated by ChatGPT and those created by human translators in the English to Spanish language pair. The study involved 119 Translation and Interpreting degree students who watched eight subtitled clips containing puns, cultural references, humour, and irony: five of these were generated by ChatGPT and the remaining three were created by a human translator. Results indicate that participants were unable to accurately distinguish between ChatGPT-generated and human-generated subtitles, although lower quality subtitles were associated with non-human translation. Factors such as experience with ChatGPT and exposure to subtitled content were not significant predictors of the ability to identify ChatGPT-generated subtitles. However, year of study was found to be a significant predictor, suggesting that translation expertise is a crucial factor for non-human subtitle detection. Overall, these results have important implications for the use of machine translation in subtitle generation and the quality of subtitled content.KEYWORDS: Machine translationsubtitlingChatGPTtranslation qualityhuman vs machine translation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Institutional review board statementThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and following the regulations in force at the University of Alicante (Spain) for studies involving humans: https://web.ua.es/en/vr-investigacio/comite-etica/presentation.html.Informed consent statementInformed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.Data availability statementThis study analysed publicly available datasets which can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/10045/133278.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJosé Ramón Calvo-FerrerJosé Ramón Calvo-Ferrer holds a PhD in Translation and Interpreting from the University of Alicante, Spain, where he has taught different modules on Translation, English and teacher training since 2008. His research interests lie in ICT in general and video games in particular for second language learning and translator training. He has published various books and papers on video games, translation and second language learning, and is a Visiting Lecturer at the Department of Language of Linguistics of the University of Essex, where he delivers lectures and workshops on video games and translation.","PeriodicalId":46466,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives-Studies in Translation Theory and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}