Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1177/21674795251326102
Bomin Paek, Minkyo Lee, Glenna L. Read, Hongwei Yang
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of media type (2D vs. VR) and signage location (center vs. periphery) on the cognitive processing of signage advertising during sporting events. The rapid growth of the virtual reality (VR) sports market has led to widespread integration of sports content into virtual reality services. Despite this, academic exploration of such services remains in its early stages. Using the framework of the dynamic human-centered communication systems theory (DHCCST), this research examines the effects of media type (2D vs. VR) and signage advertising location (center vs. periphery) on cognitive processing of advertising during sporting events. In an experiment, participants viewed a sports game in either 2D or VR format. Real-time biometric measures assessed attentional resources and visual attention, while memory tests evaluated brand memory performance. VR, compared to 2-D, sports viewing trended toward eliciting greater cognitive resource allocation during the periods when signage advertising was presented during the game but significantly decreased visual attention and impaired brand memory for ads. Further, advertising placed centrally received better visual attention and facilitated brand memory compared to advertising in the periphery, regardless of media type. The interaction effect between media type and signage location on attentional outcomes was minimal. Results are discussed in light of the DHCCST and to offer practical insights for designing content to enhance sponsor effectiveness in VR sports programming.
本研究的目的是研究媒体类型（2D vs VR）和标牌位置（中心vs外围）对体育赛事中标牌广告认知加工的影响。虚拟现实（VR）体育市场的快速增长导致体育内容广泛融入虚拟现实服务。尽管如此，对此类服务的学术探索仍处于早期阶段。本研究利用动态以人为中心的传播系统理论（DHCCST）的框架，考察了媒体类型（2D vs VR）和标牌广告位置（中心vs外围）对体育赛事中广告认知加工的影响。在一项实验中，参与者观看了2D或VR格式的体育游戏。实时生物测量评估注意力资源和视觉注意力，而记忆测试评估品牌记忆表现。与2d相比，VR在比赛期间呈现标牌广告期间，体育观看倾向于引发更大的认知资源分配，但显著降低了广告的视觉注意力，损害了广告的品牌记忆。此外，无论媒体类型如何，与外围广告相比，放置在中心的广告获得了更好的视觉注意力，并促进了品牌记忆。媒介类型和标识位置之间的交互作用对注意结果的影响最小。根据DHCCST对结果进行讨论，并为设计内容提供实用见解，以提高赞助商在VR体育节目中的有效性。
{"title":"Dynamic Information Processing of Signage Advertising Embedded in VR-Mediated Sports Through Real-Time Eye-Tracking and Biometric Measures","authors":"Bomin Paek, Minkyo Lee, Glenna L. Read, Hongwei Yang","doi":"10.1177/21674795251326102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251326102","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of media type (2D vs. VR) and signage location (center vs. periphery) on the cognitive processing of signage advertising during sporting events. The rapid growth of the virtual reality (VR) sports market has led to widespread integration of sports content into virtual reality services. Despite this, academic exploration of such services remains in its early stages. Using the framework of the dynamic human-centered communication systems theory (DHCCST), this research examines the effects of media type (2D vs. VR) and signage advertising location (center vs. periphery) on cognitive processing of advertising during sporting events. In an experiment, participants viewed a sports game in either 2D or VR format. Real-time biometric measures assessed attentional resources and visual attention, while memory tests evaluated brand memory performance. VR, compared to 2-D, sports viewing trended toward eliciting greater cognitive resource allocation during the periods when signage advertising was presented during the game but significantly decreased visual attention and impaired brand memory for ads. Further, advertising placed centrally received better visual attention and facilitated brand memory compared to advertising in the periphery, regardless of media type. The interaction effect between media type and signage location on attentional outcomes was minimal. Results are discussed in light of the DHCCST and to offer practical insights for designing content to enhance sponsor effectiveness in VR sports programming.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1177/21674795251327308
Tom Carmichael, Natalia Vila-Lopez
This paper aims to investigate three pillars of social media sports marketing engagement (quantitatively and qualitatively): (i) engagement with a sports league (event), (ii) engagement with the celebrity athletes, and (iii) engagement with the sponsoring brands. To achieve these three objectives, several posts on Instagram were monitored: (i) 145 posts from the surf sports league to compare gender and 57 to compare country of origin (ii) 737 posts from 13 famous athletes competing in the league (407 male and 300 female) (iii) and 763 posts containing information of 32 sponsoring brands. The Instrack, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Azure ML and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were done. The results indicate factors such as gender and country of origin of the athlete posted significantly affect engagement with the World Surf League Instagram page (quantitatively and qualitatively). Additionally, gender, country of origin, professional experience, and attractiveness of the athletes affect the personal engagement of their own Instagram pages (quantitatively and qualitatively). Thirdly, the brand sponsoring the post also affects the level of engagement (quantitatively and qualitatively). A holistic view of the event, the athletes competing, and the sponsoring brands further contributes through new literature.
{"title":"Online Engagement in the Sports Industry: Leagues, Athletes, and Sponsoring Brands","authors":"Tom Carmichael, Natalia Vila-Lopez","doi":"10.1177/21674795251327308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251327308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate three pillars of social media sports marketing engagement (quantitatively and qualitatively): (i) engagement with a sports league (event), (ii) engagement with the celebrity athletes, and (iii) engagement with the sponsoring brands. To achieve these three objectives, several posts on Instagram were monitored: (i) 145 posts from the surf sports league to compare gender and 57 to compare country of origin (ii) 737 posts from 13 famous athletes competing in the league (407 male and 300 female) (iii) and 763 posts containing information of 32 sponsoring brands. The Instrack, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Azure ML and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were done. The results indicate factors such as gender and country of origin of the athlete posted significantly affect engagement with the World Surf League Instagram page (quantitatively and qualitatively). Additionally, gender, country of origin, professional experience, and attractiveness of the athletes affect the personal engagement of their own Instagram pages (quantitatively and qualitatively). Thirdly, the brand sponsoring the post also affects the level of engagement (quantitatively and qualitatively). A holistic view of the event, the athletes competing, and the sponsoring brands further contributes through new literature.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1177/21674795251328939
Lawrence A. Wenner
In this essay, the founding editor of Communication & Sport considers an important study by Cummins and Hahn of the first ten years of research published in the journal. In framing the essay, the larger enterprise of research at the nexus of communication is situated on the larger playing and more established playing fields of the social sciences and humanities. It is argued that the twin fields that comprise this disciplinary focus—communication and sport—have been perpetually plagued by a “need for legitimization” complex and that this need may be driving the focus of this ten year assessment on questions of method and theory. In reacting to findings of continued focus on content-focused studies, obstacles of research approval, garnering samples, and gaining access are both noted and need to be overcome. In assessing the “critical turn” in research method, the evidence suggests that the death of empirical analysis has been greatly exaggerated. In reacting to “theoretical messiness” found in the ten year assessment, it is argued that such concerns are less important in establishing the field than an audit of what drives the questions we ask and why our answers matter . The essay closes by research models that might better assess whether we are asking the right questions and what is at the heart of the research enterprise for Communication & Sport .
{"title":"The There that is There and the There that is Not: Reflections on Taking Stock of Communication & Sport as a Disciplinary Project","authors":"Lawrence A. Wenner","doi":"10.1177/21674795251328939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251328939","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, the founding editor of <jats:italic>Communication &</jats:italic> Sport considers an important study by Cummins and Hahn of the first ten years of research published in the journal. In framing the essay, the larger enterprise of research at the nexus of communication is situated on the larger playing and more established playing fields of the social sciences and humanities. It is argued that the twin fields that comprise this disciplinary focus—communication and sport—have been perpetually plagued by a “need for legitimization” complex and that this need may be driving the focus of this ten year assessment on questions of method and theory. In reacting to findings of continued focus on content-focused studies, obstacles of research approval, garnering samples, and gaining access are both noted and need to be overcome. In assessing the “critical turn” in research method, the evidence suggests that the death of empirical analysis has been greatly exaggerated. In reacting to “theoretical messiness” found in the ten year assessment, it is argued that such concerns are less important in establishing the field than an audit of <jats:italic>what drives the questions we ask</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>why our answers matter</jats:italic> . The essay closes by research models that might better assess whether we are asking the right questions and what is at the heart of the research enterprise for <jats:italic>Communication & Sport</jats:italic> .","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1177/21674795251326597
Sophia Elsholz, Alexander Frank, Jakob J. Korbel, Rüdiger Zarnekow
Virtual reality (VR) enables the exploration of environments and situations that are otherwise inaccessible, making it particularly valuable for sports like diving. Virtual diving, as part of the metaverse, allows users to discover underwater worlds without the need to physically enter the water, providing benefits such as lower risks, a higher accessibility, and an easy introduction for non-divers. However, the extent to which this technology is accepted as a supplement or complement to conventional diving practice and training remains unclear. Hence, the present study examines the intention to use VR diving applications based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and aims to identify factors that influence the behavioral intention to dive in VR based on a survey with 202 participants. Except positive effects of the perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, all hypotheses were confirmed in the study. Further, the study reveals that non-divers have a more positive attitude towards the utilization of VR diving applications compared to divers. Our study contributes to the extant literature by extending the TAM to the novel and specific domain of VR diving as a complement and supplement to conventional diving and dive training.
{"title":"Diving in a Virtual Reality: Investigating Technology Acceptance","authors":"Sophia Elsholz, Alexander Frank, Jakob J. Korbel, Rüdiger Zarnekow","doi":"10.1177/21674795251326597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251326597","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) enables the exploration of environments and situations that are otherwise inaccessible, making it particularly valuable for sports like diving. Virtual diving, as part of the metaverse, allows users to discover underwater worlds without the need to physically enter the water, providing benefits such as lower risks, a higher accessibility, and an easy introduction for non-divers. However, the extent to which this technology is accepted as a supplement or complement to conventional diving practice and training remains unclear. Hence, the present study examines the intention to use VR diving applications based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and aims to identify factors that influence the behavioral intention to dive in VR based on a survey with 202 participants. Except positive effects of the perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, all hypotheses were confirmed in the study. Further, the study reveals that non-divers have a more positive attitude towards the utilization of VR diving applications compared to divers. Our study contributes to the extant literature by extending the TAM to the novel and specific domain of VR diving as a complement and supplement to conventional diving and dive training.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1177/21674795251327104
Jakob J. Korbel, Jana E. Riewe, Sophia Elsholz, Rüdiger Zarnekow
The ongoing development of extended reality (XR) technologies and the growing popularity of the esports industry suggest a future integration of XR in esports. However, research on the integration of the technologies in esport is sparse. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the opportunities and challenges of XR technologies in esports based on an explorative approach, relying on qualitative research methods and interviews with experts from the esports industry. The results show that XR technologies allow to significantly improve the spectator and player experience as well as processes in the event planning. In order to fully exploit this potential, it is crucial (1) to optimize the XR experience through the development of new, competitive XR games, (2) provide access to advanced hardware for an XR esports community to unfold, and (3) to establish XR collaboration formats and expertise in the esports industry. Furthermore, extensive research efforts are required to validate the promised advantages which are synthesized in suggestions for future research avenues.
{"title":"Extended Reality in Esports: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Research Avenues - An Experts’ Perspective","authors":"Jakob J. Korbel, Jana E. Riewe, Sophia Elsholz, Rüdiger Zarnekow","doi":"10.1177/21674795251327104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251327104","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing development of extended reality (XR) technologies and the growing popularity of the esports industry suggest a future integration of XR in esports. However, research on the integration of the technologies in esport is sparse. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the opportunities and challenges of XR technologies in esports based on an explorative approach, relying on qualitative research methods and interviews with experts from the esports industry. The results show that XR technologies allow to significantly improve the spectator and player experience as well as processes in the event planning. In order to fully exploit this potential, it is crucial (1) to optimize the XR experience through the development of new, competitive XR games, (2) provide access to advanced hardware for an XR esports community to unfold, and (3) to establish XR collaboration formats and expertise in the esports industry. Furthermore, extensive research efforts are required to validate the promised advantages which are synthesized in suggestions for future research avenues.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1177/21674795251321753
Rico Self
In September 2020, Deion Sanders was named head coach of the Jackson State University Tigers football team. The announcement marked his shift in public consciousness from “Prime Time” to “Coach Prime” and came as the country was reeling from the debilitating impacts of COVID-19, sustained calls for racial redress following a string of police-involved deaths, and new NIL developments in the NCAA. Turning in this essay to Sanders’s “I Believe” speech, which he gave once he was named head coach, I argue that Sanders garners the support of his audience by employing aspirational rhetoric, a form of prophetic rhetoric that constitutes the rhetor as a prophet and the audience as change agents through their simultaneous commitment to a common goal (i.e., bringing a new world to fruition). In this way, Sanders makes an important intervention in public discourse on behalf of HBCUs. I conclude by exploring ways aspirational prophecy enables and constrains social and cultural change within sport as a site of political struggle.
{"title":"“A Pillar of all HBCUs”: Deion Sanders, Aspirational Prophecy, and the Divine Promise of Jackson State University Football","authors":"Rico Self","doi":"10.1177/21674795251321753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251321753","url":null,"abstract":"In September 2020, Deion Sanders was named head coach of the Jackson State University Tigers football team. The announcement marked his shift in public consciousness from “Prime Time” to “Coach Prime” and came as the country was reeling from the debilitating impacts of COVID-19, sustained calls for racial redress following a string of police-involved deaths, and new NIL developments in the NCAA. Turning in this essay to Sanders’s “I Believe” speech, which he gave once he was named head coach, I argue that Sanders garners the support of his audience by employing aspirational rhetoric, a form of prophetic rhetoric that constitutes the rhetor as a prophet and the audience as change agents through their simultaneous commitment to a common goal (i.e., bringing a new world to fruition). In this way, Sanders makes an important intervention in public discourse on behalf of HBCUs. I conclude by exploring ways aspirational prophecy enables and constrains social and cultural change within sport as a site of political struggle.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1177/21674795251324846
Hannah Thompson-Radford, Michael Skey
Women have been traditionally excluded from sport, and recent work has argued for the need to increase the visibility of both women’s sport and female athletes in order to secure public attention and commercial opportunities and encourage the next generation to participate. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the visibility bind to offer a more nuanced understanding of these debates. Here, we note that growing visibility may often operate as a double-edged sword for women operating in ‘traditional’ male domains and, largely unregulated, online spaces. Drawing on interviews with elite athletes from professional cricket in England, we show that visibility may not only lead to abuse and stereotyping, both overt and covert, but also places an added burden on players who are often expected to carry out unpaid physical and emotional labour. Finally, we draw attention to the benefits of being in a team sport where colleagues can provide advice, support and levity when dealing with such challenges.
{"title":"“We’ve … had to Make Ourselves more Visible Because … the Media hasn’t Done it for us”: Theorising a Visibility Bind in Relation to the Growing Prominence of Women’s Sport","authors":"Hannah Thompson-Radford, Michael Skey","doi":"10.1177/21674795251324846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251324846","url":null,"abstract":"Women have been traditionally excluded from sport, and recent work has argued for the need to increase the visibility of both women’s sport and female athletes in order to secure public attention and commercial opportunities and encourage the next generation to participate. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the visibility bind to offer a more nuanced understanding of these debates. Here, we note that growing visibility may often operate as a double-edged sword for women operating in ‘traditional’ male domains and, largely unregulated, online spaces. Drawing on interviews with elite athletes from professional cricket in England, we show that visibility may not only lead to abuse and stereotyping, both overt and covert, but also places an added burden on players who are often expected to carry out unpaid physical and emotional labour. Finally, we draw attention to the benefits of being in a team sport where colleagues can provide advice, support and levity when dealing with such challenges.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1177/21674795251321754
Zeyang Li, Lei Jia
With the rapid development of Metaverse technology, the sports industry has gradually integrated it to enhance event experiences and fan engagement. This study aims to explore the impact of event characteristics in Metaverse sports events on event immersion, event satisfaction, and team attitude. This study used questionnaire survey, collecting data from 1208 participants of the MZ generation (age 18–42) who had experience in Metaverse sports events in Korea, including Koreans and foreigners studying and working in Korea. The SEM analysis results revealed that relational transcendence in event characteristics had a significant positive effect on relational immersion, while cognitive image significantly influenced spatial immersion. Spatial immersion had a significant impact on personal satisfaction, and relational immersion also significantly influenced relational satisfaction. Further analysis showed that both personal satisfaction and relational satisfaction had positive effects on team attitude. Additionally, low-engagement consumers showing stronger perceptions of relational transcendence and relational immersion. The immersive experiences in Metaverse sports events significantly enhance consumer satisfaction and foster a more positive attitude toward the team. Future sports marketing strategies should consider the integration of virtual and real experiences, providing deeply interactive and personalized experiences for consumers with varying levels of engagement.
{"title":"Bridging the Virtual and the Real: The Impact of Metaverse Sports Event Characteristics on Event Marketing Communication Effectiveness","authors":"Zeyang Li, Lei Jia","doi":"10.1177/21674795251321754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251321754","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of Metaverse technology, the sports industry has gradually integrated it to enhance event experiences and fan engagement. This study aims to explore the impact of event characteristics in Metaverse sports events on event immersion, event satisfaction, and team attitude. This study used questionnaire survey, collecting data from 1208 participants of the MZ generation (age 18–42) who had experience in Metaverse sports events in Korea, including Koreans and foreigners studying and working in Korea. The SEM analysis results revealed that relational transcendence in event characteristics had a significant positive effect on relational immersion, while cognitive image significantly influenced spatial immersion. Spatial immersion had a significant impact on personal satisfaction, and relational immersion also significantly influenced relational satisfaction. Further analysis showed that both personal satisfaction and relational satisfaction had positive effects on team attitude. Additionally, low-engagement consumers showing stronger perceptions of relational transcendence and relational immersion. The immersive experiences in Metaverse sports events significantly enhance consumer satisfaction and foster a more positive attitude toward the team. Future sports marketing strategies should consider the integration of virtual and real experiences, providing deeply interactive and personalized experiences for consumers with varying levels of engagement.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/21674795251323193
James Ndone, J.C. Abdallah
This study investigates how team identification, moral emotions, and moral decoupling influence fans’ punitive behaviors in response to sports-related crises. Using a sample of 437 sports fans, the researchers examined whether negative moral emotions (anger, contempt, and disgust) drive punitive behaviors and how team identification affects moral decoupling. Findings reveal that higher team identification is associated with increased moral decoupling, enabling fans to separate their support for team performance from ethical transgressions. Additionally, negative moral emotions were significant predictors of punitive behaviors, with perceived crisis severity mediating the relationship between team identification and fan punishment. Forgiveness emerged as a key moderator, reducing the likelihood of punitive actions among highly identified fans. However, forgiveness did not moderate the relationship between team identification and moral decoupling. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Forgiving the Foul: The Role of Moral Decoupling, Emotions, and Forgiveness in Fan Responses to Sports Crises","authors":"James Ndone, J.C. Abdallah","doi":"10.1177/21674795251323193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251323193","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how team identification, moral emotions, and moral decoupling influence fans’ punitive behaviors in response to sports-related crises. Using a sample of 437 sports fans, the researchers examined whether negative moral emotions (anger, contempt, and disgust) drive punitive behaviors and how team identification affects moral decoupling. Findings reveal that higher team identification is associated with increased moral decoupling, enabling fans to separate their support for team performance from ethical transgressions. Additionally, negative moral emotions were significant predictors of punitive behaviors, with perceived crisis severity mediating the relationship between team identification and fan punishment. Forgiveness emerged as a key moderator, reducing the likelihood of punitive actions among highly identified fans. However, forgiveness did not moderate the relationship between team identification and moral decoupling. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1177/21674795251323337
Andrew C. Billings, Marie Hardin
{"title":"Shifting Sports Gambling Terrain: New Factors Within an Age-Old Activity","authors":"Andrew C. Billings, Marie Hardin","doi":"10.1177/21674795251323337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251323337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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