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Homo responsabilis as an extension of the neoliberal hidden curriculum: The triple responsibilization of responsible management education 人的责任作为新自由主义隐性课程的延伸:责任管理教育的三重责任
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231162691
M. Fougère, Nikodemus Solitander
In the responsible turn in business school education and management learning, the responsibility approach is proposed as a possible panacea against a hidden curriculum which leads to damaging business practice. The explicit promise of responsible management learning and education is that homo oeconomicus can be re-formed in the image of a responsible business subject, what we here call ‘homo responsabilis’. We explore how a business school curriculum centred on responsibility affects key subject positions such as consumer, employee, manager, entrepreneur, investor and leader. In three responsible management learning and education illustrations at our business school, we observe three layers of responsibilization of the individual: responsibilization for self-enhancement, responsibilization for economic prosperity and responsibilization for social and environmental sustainability. We find that these three layers of responsibilization impact business school subjects in several problematic ways: excessive moral burdening of consumers, overburdening of self-managing employees and fantasmatic gripping of prospective entrepreneurs. Our contribution to critical studies of responsible management learning and education is twofold: (1) we show how explicit responsible management learning and education curricula tend to extend the neoliberal HC, and (2) we complement studies calling for re-politicizing responsible management learning and education by suggesting transformative learning ways to generate explicitly ethico-political imaginations that can help in resisting individual responsibilization in business school education.
在商学院教育和管理学习的负责任转向中,责任法被认为是对抗导致破坏商业实践的隐性课程的可能灵丹妙药。负责任的管理学习和教育的明确承诺是,人类经济可以以负责任的商业主体的形象重新形成,我们在这里称之为“人类负责任者”。我们探讨了以责任为中心的商学院课程如何影响消费者、员工、经理、企业家、投资者和领导者等关键学科职位。在我们商学院的三幅负责任的管理学习和教育插图中,我们观察到个人的三层责任:对自我提升的责任、对经济繁荣的责任以及对社会和环境可持续性的责任。我们发现,这三层责任感以几个有问题的方式影响着商学院的科目:消费者的过度道德负担,自我管理的员工的负担过重,以及对未来企业家的巨大吸引力。我们对负责任管理学习和教育的批判性研究有两方面的贡献:(1)我们展示了明确的负责任管理学和教育课程如何倾向于扩展新自由主义HC,(2)我们补充了呼吁将负责任的管理学习和教育重新政治化的研究,提出了变革性的学习方式,以产生明确的伦理政治想象,从而有助于抵制商学院教育中的个人责任化。
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引用次数: 2
Book Review: The Triumph of Emptiness: Consumption, Higher Education, and Work Organization 书评:《空虚的胜利:消费、高等教育与工作组织》
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231163860
R. Suddaby
At the turn of the 19th century, American humorist Benjamin Franklin King became famous for a poem called The Pessimist in which he wrote “nothing to do but work, nothing to eat but food, nothing to wear but clothes, to keep from going nude.” King’s bleak poem evoked the disaffection of his generation that emerged from the chaos and trauma of the Civil War and expressed his grim worry that humanity may have reached the end point of human progress. I was reminded of King’s weary poem while reading Mats Alvesson’s The Triumph of Emptiness. Alvesson’s book analyzes the growing weight of modern organizational life. Each chapter of the text focuses attention on a particular aspect of how consumerism and modern management practices have eroded our sense of human progress. Alvesson methodically details our collective disenchantment with decaying standards of quality in higher education, work, professions, leadership, and organizations. Alvesson’s overarching thesis is that we have become absorbed into a lifeworld of commodity capitalism in which the “puffery of modern marketing has replaced the concrete and traditional aspects of economic exchange with illusory substitutes.” The result is an economy of persuasion where the superficial trumps the substantive and the spectacle subsumes the real. Ultimately, Alvesson concludes, we are left with the triumph of emptiness—a term that describes the alienation, disaffection, and disenchantment with the world that arises from the increasing rationalization of everyday life. The Triumph of Emptiness is organized into 11 chapters. The first chapter begins with the end. Here, Alvesson describes the unanticipated long-term effects of consumerism which are characterized by a heightened state of social comparison, which he terms a zero-sum game, a tendency toward a heightened sense of self, which he terms grandiosity, and an increasing erosion of our ability to understand the various ways in which we construct a sense of value, which he terms illusion tricks. The second chapter describes the causal source of the loss of value in society and our tendency toward social comparison. The perversity of social comparison is that we do it in order to feel good about ourselves, but it inevitably has the opposite effect. Social comparison, Alvesson reminds us, is the foundation of consumerism. The third chapter describes the ironic consequence of the loss of value that arises from a consumer culture that constantly demands social comparison—the loss of satisfaction that comes from 1163860 MLQ0010.1177/13505076231163860Management LearningBook Review book-review2023
19世纪之交,美国幽默作家本杰明·富兰克林·金因一首名为《悲观主义者》的诗而闻名,他在诗中写道:“除了工作什么都不做,除了食物什么都不吃,除了衣服什么都不穿,以防裸体。”。金的这首凄凉的诗唤起了他那一代人从内战的混乱和创伤中走出来的不满,并表达了他对人类可能已经到达人类进步终点的严峻担忧。在读Mats Alvesson的《空虚的胜利》时,我想起了King那首疲惫的诗。Alvesson的书分析了现代组织生活日益增长的重量。文本的每一章都关注消费主义和现代管理实践如何侵蚀我们人类进步意识的一个特定方面。Alvesson有条不紊地详述了我们对高等教育、工作、职业、领导力和组织中不断下降的质量标准的集体觉醒。Alvesson的总体论点是,我们已经融入了商品资本主义的生活世界,在这个世界里,“现代营销的虚张声势已经用虚幻的替代品取代了经济交流的具体和传统方面。最终,Alvesson总结道,我们只剩下空虚的胜利——这个词描述了日常生活日益合理化所产生的对世界的疏离、不满和失望。《空虚的胜利》分为11章。第一章从结尾开始。在这里,Alvesson描述了消费主义意想不到的长期影响,其特征是社会比较状态的增强,他称之为零和游戏,自我意识的增强趋势,他称其为浮夸,以及我们理解我们构建价值感的各种方式的能力的日益削弱,他称这些方式为幻觉把戏。第二章描述了社会价值丧失的原因来源以及我们的社会比较倾向。社会比较的反常之处在于,我们这样做是为了自我感觉良好,但不可避免地会产生相反的效果。Alvesson提醒我们,社会比较是消费主义的基础。第三章描述了不断要求社会比较的消费文化所带来的价值损失的讽刺后果——1163860 MLQ0010.1177/13350076231163860管理学习书评书评2023
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引用次数: 0
Flipping the normative: Developing and delivering a critical pedagogy for executive education in a UK business school 颠覆规范:为英国商学院的高管教育开发和提供批判性教学法
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231162717
S. Mavin, J. James, N. Patterson, Amy Stabler, S. Corlett
This article explores tensions when flipping the normative by developing and facilitating a programme-long critical pedagogy for executive education in a UK business school. Through a small-scale qualitative study with academics, we explore a critical pedagogy underpinning two executive MSc programmes and informing an Executive MBA. We demonstrate how the approach flips the normative by deviating from norms, doing the unexpected and disrupting ‘how things are understood and done around here’. Critical pedagogy is unusual, in opposition to traditional business school education. Programme-long critical approaches are rare. We explore tensions when flipping the normative through the following themes: power, control and trusting the process; vulnerability as strength and emotional risk; and academic privilege, precariousness and Othering. We make four contributions. First, we articulate a programme-long critical pedagogy in executive education, illustrating how this flips the normative. Second, we outline tensions and learning when facilitating a critical pedagogy. Third, through collective reflexivity, we reveal academics’ personal perspectives of facilitating critical pedagogy and its impact. Fourth, we theorize how recognizing vulnerability as strength is a pedagogical process that facilitates critical management and leadership education. We offer learning for future critical executive education and implications for practitioners, academics, business schools and universities to consider.
本文通过开发和促进英国一所商学院高管教育的长期批判性教学法,探讨了在颠覆规范时的紧张关系。通过与学者进行的小规模定性研究,我们探索了一种支撑两个高管硕士课程的关键教学法,并为高管MBA课程提供了信息。我们展示了这种方法是如何通过偏离规范、做意想不到的事情和破坏“在这里理解和做事情的方式”来颠覆规范的。与传统的商学院教育相反,批判性教学法是不同寻常的。项目长期的批评方法很少见。我们通过以下主题探讨规范的紧张关系:权力、控制和信任过程;脆弱是力量和情感风险;学术特权,不稳定和他者。我们有四个贡献。首先,我们在高管教育中阐述了一种长期的批判性教学法,说明了这是如何颠覆规范的。其次,我们概述了促进批判性教学法时的紧张关系和学习。第三,通过集体反身性,我们揭示了学者促进批判性教学法及其影响的个人观点。第四,我们理论化了如何将脆弱性视为力量是一个促进批判性管理和领导力教育的教学过程。我们为未来关键的高管教育提供学习,并为从业者、学者、商学院和大学提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
The Principles for (Ir)Responsible Management Education: An exploration of the dynamics of paradox, the hidden curriculum, competencies and symbolization 责任管理教育的原则:悖论、隐性课程、能力和象征的动力探索
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231164018
Simon M. Smith, Karen Cripps, Peter Stokes, H. Séraphin
This article discusses whether, as academics, we are behaving irresponsibly in the manner in which we deliver the much-vaunted Principles for Responsible Management Education. The Principles for Responsible Management Education constitutes an association and ethos which seeks to promote and infuse responsible management education into business schools and organisations. RME seeks to, inter alia, surface and challenge hegemonic neo-liberal and capitalistic meta-narratives with a view to replacing these with more value-driven, ethical, sustainable and corporately socially responsible education in business schools and business. In our article, we propose a more complementary approach – one in which Principles for Responsible Management Education/RME might work in parallel with dominant capitalistic perspectives. We do this by considering the impact of the hidden curriculum, sustainability competencies and related symbolization (through rankings and accreditations) all within the paradox-explanatory framework of organisational ambidexterity. The argument proposes that a paradoxical approach is needed that is aligned with both the capitalist norms of business society and yet, achieves the more socially orientated United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Business schools and Principles for Responsible Management Education can play an essential role in ensuring this happens. In essence, we hope to provoke thought, change and action towards the achievement of more socially and societally focused United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on which Principles for Responsible Management Education is predicated.
这篇文章讨论了作为学者,我们在实施备受吹嘘的负责任管理教育原则时是否有不负责任的行为。负责任管理教育原则是一个协会和精神,旨在促进并将负责任的管理教育融入商学院和组织。RME试图揭露和挑战霸权的新自由主义和资本主义元叙事,以期在商学院和企业中用更具价值驱动、道德、可持续和企业社会责任感的教育来取代这些叙事。在我们的文章中,我们提出了一种更具互补性的方法——负责任管理教育原则/RME可能与主流资本主义观点并行工作。我们通过考虑隐藏课程、可持续能力和相关象征性(通过排名和认证)的影响来做到这一点,所有这些都在组织二元性的悖论解释框架内。该论点认为,需要一种自相矛盾的方法,既符合商业社会的资本主义规范,又能实现更面向社会的联合国可持续发展目标。商学院和负责任管理原则教育可以在确保这一点上发挥重要作用。从本质上讲,我们希望激发思考、变革和行动,以实现更注重社会和社会的联合国可持续发展目标,而负责任管理教育原则正是基于这些目标。
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引用次数: 2
Immigrant academic mothers negotiating ideal worker and mother norms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Duoethnography as a co-mentoring tool for transformative learning. 移民学术母亲在COVID-19大流行期间谈判理想工作者和母亲规范:多民族志作为变革学习的共同指导工具。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/13505076211062900
Rajashi Ghosh, Sanghamitra Sonai Chaudhuri

How are immigrant academic mothers negotiating the confounding terrains of work and family during the pandemic? How can they support each other in learning how to resist the prevalent notions of ideal working and mothering amidst the demanding schedule of working remotely and parenting? This study addresses these questions through sharing a narrative of how two immigrant mothers in academia challenged and began the journey of transforming their gendered work and family identities. Building on personal essays and 6 weeks of extensive journaling that reflected our positionalities and experiences of motherhood, work-life, and intersections between work and home during the pandemic, we offer a fine-grained understanding of how we helped each other as co-mentors to identify moments of our lived experiences as triggers for transformative learning. In doing so, we realized how duoethnography could be more than just a research methodology in helping us co-construct a relational space to empathize and challenge each other's perspectives about our roles as mothers and professors and the gendered nature of social forces shaping those roles.

在疫情期间,移民学者母亲是如何应对工作和家庭的混乱局面的?在远程工作和养育子女的苛刻时间表中,他们如何相互支持,学习如何抵制理想工作和养育孩子的普遍观念?这项研究通过分享学术界的两位移民母亲如何挑战并开始转变其性别工作和家庭身份的故事来解决这些问题。基于个人文章和6周的大量日记,这些日记反映了我们在疫情期间的母亲地位和经历、工作生活以及工作和家庭之间的交叉点,我们对我们如何作为共同导师相互帮助,以确定我们生活经历中的时刻是变革性学习的触发因素有了深入的了解。在这样做的过程中,我们意识到双民族志不仅仅是一种研究方法,它可以帮助我们共同构建一个关系空间,以移情和挑战彼此对我们作为母亲和教授的角色以及塑造这些角色的社会力量的性别性的看法。
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引用次数: 4
Book review: The affective researcher 书评:情感研究者
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231160358
Ana Paula Lafaire
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引用次数: 0
Organization encounters a new virus: A cautionary tale of othering and (not) learning 组织遭遇新病毒:他人和(非)学习的警示故事
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231152722
Sally Riad
The world’s dire experience with a new coronavirus has shown that the (re)organization embedded in managing a virus and knowledge on organization(s) and management are out of joint. This article entwines life story into reflections on the pandemic to illustrate how knowledge relations are afflicted by othering that constrains learning and facilitates the conditions of possibility for precarious pandemics. In doing so, the account scrutinizes both knowledge activities and domains of scholarship as it navigates tensions between the works of Latour and Foucault. The article is structured into four parts. Theoria focuses on the textual body and the politics of ‘willful blindness’ that segregate the ‘theoretical other’; Praxis addresses the human body, operational knowledge and the ‘everyday geopolitics of fear’ that heroicize the ‘essential other’; Regimen examines the social body, regulatory knowledge and the ‘political economy of truth’ that contests the ‘prescribing other’ and Poiesis addresses the global body, productive knowledge and the international geopolitics that distance the cultural and national other. Each activity poses relational tensions that confront organization which compel us to extend organizational scholarship in ways that facilitate its articulation with scholarship on the virus and invite us to approach knowledge on pandemic (re)organization as a joint cause.
世界上对新型冠状病毒的可怕经历表明,管理病毒的(重组)组织以及组织和管理方面的知识是脱节的。这篇文章将生活故事融入对疫情的反思中,以说明知识关系是如何受到其他因素的影响的,这些因素限制了学习,并为不稳定的疫情带来了可能。在这样做的过程中,该叙述在处理拉图尔和福柯作品之间的紧张关系时,仔细审视了知识活动和学术领域。这篇文章分为四个部分。Theoria关注的是文本主体和“故意视而不见”的政治,这些政治将“理论他者”隔离开来;Praxis涉及人体、操作知识和“恐惧的日常地缘政治”,这些都将“重要的另一半”英雄化;《养生汇》考察了社会主体、监管知识和“真理的政治经济学”,与“其他处方”相竞争,而《普瓦西斯》则探讨了全球主体、生产知识和国际地缘政治,这些都与文化和国家的其他方面相距甚远。每一项活动都会带来组织面临的关系紧张,迫使我们以促进其与病毒学术联系的方式扩展组织学术,并邀请我们将流行病(重新)组织的知识作为一项共同事业。
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引用次数: 0
Reinventing intellectual craftsmanship through book reviews 通过书评重塑智力工艺
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/13505076231152410
Ziyun Fan, Caterina Bettin
Book review editors across management journals have long argued that the under-appreciation of books is the outcome of academic work being increasingly subjected to quantifiable metrics (e.g. Suddaby and Trank, 2013), and the instrumentalization of career progression (e.g. Lindebaum et al., 2018). While we are in deep agreement with them, the rising dominance of journal rankings, such as FT50 and the chartered association of business schoools’ academic journal guide, has increasingly marginalized books and, concomitantly, book reviews. As such, we want to make a different argument here for books: rather than criticizing such career progression, we stress that to craft one’s career, one cannot do it without books; to realize and actualize one’s intellectual potentialities, one cannot do it without books; and to capture one’s intellectual opportunities, one cannot do it without books. In this sense, books are ‘a choice of how to live as well as a choice of career’ (Mills, 1959: 196) located at the centre of our ‘selves’ and involved in every intellectual product we cultivate. To say one ‘has experience’ for career cultivation, would mean that their intellectual accumulation in the past has shaped their present and influences their capacity to future experience. Mills (1959) called this ‘intellectual craftmanship ’ within which books play a reflective and engaging role in constructing characters and qualities of our craft of career and, in turn, of ourselves as craftsmen – whether we realize it or not. Drawing upon the commitment of Management Learning to critique and to engage in thoughtprovoking discourse, to reinvent intellectual craftsmanship through book reviews is to keep moving book reviews away from descriptive summaries and passive outlines into a form of stimulating engagement with the book. This engagement is a collective process of crafting ways and possibilities to voice, scrutinize, share and celebrate the potentialities of management and organization studies scholarship. We might be researchers, practitioners and/or users of phenomena and practices focused on in a book. The communicative performativity of book reviews enables us as readers in different roles or from different perspectives to interpret how authors interpret a particular reality, even if they might have lived centuries ago and many miles away. At the same time, it enables us as authors to be interpreted differently and inspired by such differences. The performativity of book reviews is generative in cultivating alternative sensemaking and the multiple being of ourselves as intellectual craftsmen.
管理期刊的书评编辑长期以来一直认为,对书籍的低估是学术工作越来越受到可量化指标的约束(例如,Suddaby和Trank,2013),以及职业发展的工具化(例如,Lindebaum等人,2018)的结果。虽然我们与他们有着深刻的共识,但期刊排名的主导地位不断上升,如FT50和特许商学院协会的学术期刊指南,已经越来越边缘化了书籍,同时也边缘化了书评。因此,我们想在这里为书籍提出一个不同的论点:我们不是批评这样的职业发展,而是强调要创造一个人的职业生涯,没有书是做不到的;要实现和实现自己的智力潜能,离不开书本;要抓住自己的智力机会,离不开书本。从这个意义上说,书籍是“对如何生活的选择,也是对职业的选择”(Mills,1959:196),它位于我们“自我”的中心,并涉及我们培养的每一种智力产品。说一个人“有经验”进行职业培养,意味着他们过去的智力积累塑造了他们的现在,并影响了他们未来的经验。Mills(1959)称之为“智力工艺”,在这种工艺中,书籍在塑造我们职业工艺的性格和品质方面发挥着反思和吸引人的作用,反过来,我们自己也成为了工匠——无论我们是否意识到这一点。利用管理学习对批评和参与发人深省的话语的承诺,通过书评重塑知识技能,就是将书评从描述性总结和被动概述转变为一种刺激参与书籍的形式。这种参与是一个集体的过程,旨在制定表达、审视、分享和庆祝管理和组织研究学术潜力的方式和可能性。我们可能是一本书中关注的现象和实践的研究者、实践者和/或使用者。书评的交际表演性使我们作为不同角色或从不同角度的读者,能够理解作者是如何解读特定现实的,即使他们可能生活在几个世纪前和几英里外。同时,它使我们作为作者能够被不同的解读,并受到这些差异的启发。书评的表演性是在培养另类感觉制造和我们作为知识工匠的多重存在方面产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Learning to manage as learning to fail: The lessons of running 学习管理就像学习失败:跑步的教训
IF 2.4 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/13505076221150791
R. Warhurst, Kate Black
Management learning aims to ensure managerial success and while failure is acknowledged, learners are encouraged to adopt a growth mindset and to bounce back from failure. However, the complexity of contemporary managerial work and the degradation of the managerial labour process mean that managers increasingly experience failures. Managers therefore need to learn not merely from failure but to learn to tolerate failure, that is, to fail well. The article differentiates types of failures and focuses on intractable failures that leave managers feeling inadequate and that corrode their sense-of-self. Therefore, an affective and embodied identity-based understanding of managerial failure is developed and an empirical case study of managers who engage in the most popular managerial sporting activity, running, is used to theorise the process of learning to fail-well. The mixed-methods empirical study using artefact elicitation participant data and autoethnographic authorial data is detailed and suggestions for more reflexive managerial education are advanced.
管理学习的目的是确保管理的成功,在承认失败的同时,鼓励学习者采用成长的心态,从失败中恢复过来。然而,当代管理工作的复杂性和管理劳动过程的退化意味着管理者越来越多地经历失败。因此,管理者不仅要从失败中学习,还要学会容忍失败,也就是说,好好地失败。这篇文章区分了失败的类型,并把重点放在那些让管理者感到不称职和腐蚀他们自我意识的棘手的失败上。因此,本文发展了一种基于情感和具体身份的对管理失败的理解,并对参与最受欢迎的管理体育活动——跑步的管理者进行了实证案例研究,以将学习失败的过程理论化。本文详细介绍了利用人工启发参与者数据和自我民族志作者数据进行的混合方法实证研究,并提出了加强反思性管理教育的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic, power and paradox: Improvising as the New Normal during the COVID-19 crisis. 大流行、权力和悖论:在COVID-19危机期间作为新常态的即兴发挥
IF 2.8 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/13505076221132980
Ace Volkmann Simpson, Alexia Panayiotou, Marco Berti, Miguel Pina E Cunha, Shireen Kanji, Stewart Clegg

The global COVID-19 pandemic made salient various paradoxical tensions, such as the trade-offs between individual freedom and collective safety, between short term and long-term consequences of adaptation to the new conditions, the power implications of sameness (COVID-19 was non-discriminatory in that all were affected in one way or another) and difference (yet not all were affected equally due to social differences), whereas most businesses became poorer under lockdown, others flourished; while significant numbers of workers were confined to home, some could not return home; some thrived while working from home as others were challenged by the erosion of barriers between their private and working lives. Rapid improvisational responding and learning at all levels of society presented itself as a naturally occurring research opportunity for improvisation scholars. This improvisation saw the arrival of a 'New Normal', eventually defined as 'learning to live with COVID-19'. The five articles in this special issue capture critical aspects of improvisation, paradoxes and power made salient by the COVID-19 pandemic in contexts ranging from higher-education, to leadership, to medical care and virtue ethics. In their own ways, each breaks new ground by contributing novel insights into improvisation scholarship.

全球COVID-19大流行凸显了各种矛盾的紧张关系,例如个人自由与集体安全之间的权衡,适应新情况的短期和长期后果之间的权衡,同一性(COVID-19是非歧视性的,因为所有企业都以这样或那样的方式受到影响)和差异(但并非所有企业都受到社会差异的影响)的权力含义,而大多数企业在封锁期间变得更差,其他企业则蓬勃发展;虽然许多工人被限制在家中,但有些人无法回家;有些人在家工作很成功,而另一些人则受到私人生活和工作生活之间障碍的侵蚀的挑战。社会各阶层的快速即兴反应和学习为即兴学者提供了一个自然发生的研究机会。这种即兴创作见证了“新常态”的到来,最终被定义为“学会与COVID-19共存”。本期特刊的五篇文章捕捉了2019冠状病毒病大流行在高等教育、领导力、医疗保健和美德伦理等背景下突出的即兴创作、悖论和权力的关键方面。他们每个人都以自己的方式开辟了新的领域,为即兴演奏学术贡献了新颖的见解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Management Learning
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