Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009
Andrea Fuster, María Vicent, María Pérez-Marco, Carolina Gonzálvez
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and school-related stress sources and manifestations in child population using a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 759 students aged between 8 and 12 years old (M = 9.68, SD = 1.24). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the School Situation Survey were employed. Four perfectionist profiles resulting from the combination between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) were obtained using the quick cluster analysis: Mixed Perfectionism, Pure Self-Oriented Perfectionism, Pure Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Non-Perfectionism. The Mixed Perfectionism group was the most maladaptive profile, whereas Non-Perfectionism was the most adaptive in terms of stress sources and manifestations in school environments. Results were interpreted considering the model 2 × 2 of perfectionism. Moreover, possible explanations and implications of this study for Educational Psychology were discussed.
{"title":"Perfectionism profiles and school-related stress associations: Examining the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism in children","authors":"Andrea Fuster, María Vicent, María Pérez-Marco, Carolina Gonzálvez","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and school-related stress sources and manifestations in child population using a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 759 students aged between 8 and 12 years old (<em>M</em> = 9.68, <em>SD</em> = 1.24). The <em>Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale</em> and the <em>School Situation Survey</em> were employed. Four perfectionist profiles resulting from the combination between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) were obtained using the <em>quick cluster analysis</em>: <em>Mixed Perfectionism</em>, <em>Pure Self-Oriented Perfectionism, Pure Socially Prescribed Perfectionism</em> and <em>Non-</em><em>Perfectionism.</em> The <em>Mixed Perfectionism</em> group was the most maladaptive profile, whereas <em>Non-Perfectionism</em> was the most adaptive in terms of stress sources and manifestations in school environments. Results were interpreted considering the model 2 × 2 of perfectionism. Moreover, possible explanations and implications of this study for Educational Psychology were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we employed continuous-time dynamic modeling to investigate the evolving interplay between students' state conscientiousness and their perceptions of situation characteristics related to duties and intellectual demands. A week-long experience sampling study (ESM) was conducted using a mobile application, yielding 4694 reports from 185 undergraduate students (87.6 % female, mean age 20.2 years) responding to prompts five times daily. Results indicated that higher perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands were concurrently associated with higher state conscientiousness. Increases in state conscientiousness predicted subsequent reductions from the initial increase in perceived duties, possibly reflecting a sense of self-efficacy after acting conscientiously that lowered the perceived burden of subsequent duties. On the other hand, increases in perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands predicted subsequent reductions from the initially elevated state conscientiousness. Increased duty and intellectual demands may temporarily strain self-regulatory resources needed to meet momentary demands, making it difficult to engage in highly conscientious behavior on a sustained basis. The negative cross-effects underscore the importance of appropriate resource management for students, particularly in situations where they are expected to pursue multiple goals and tasks or engage in intellectually demanding activities.
{"title":"State conscientiousness and perceptions of duties and intellectual demands in daily life: A continuous-time modeling approach","authors":"Gaja Zager Kocjan , Andreja Avsec , Vesna Buško , Gregor Sočan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we employed continuous-time dynamic modeling to investigate the evolving interplay between students' state conscientiousness and their perceptions of situation characteristics related to duties and intellectual demands. A week-long experience sampling study (ESM) was conducted using a mobile application, yielding 4694 reports from 185 undergraduate students (87.6 % female, mean age 20.2 years) responding to prompts five times daily. Results indicated that higher perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands were concurrently associated with higher state conscientiousness. Increases in state conscientiousness predicted subsequent reductions from the initial increase in perceived duties, possibly reflecting a sense of self-efficacy after acting conscientiously that lowered the perceived burden of subsequent duties. On the other hand, increases in perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands predicted subsequent reductions from the initially elevated state conscientiousness. Increased duty and intellectual demands may temporarily strain self-regulatory resources needed to meet momentary demands, making it difficult to engage in highly conscientious behavior on a sustained basis. The negative cross-effects underscore the importance of appropriate resource management for students, particularly in situations where they are expected to pursue multiple goals and tasks or engage in intellectually demanding activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027
Zachary Airington, Freya A. Woods, Janet B. Ruscher
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the appellation “hero” rarely was applied to essential workers in nonmedical or nonemergency industries, e.g., grocery clerks, delivery drivers. Such novel usage prompts inquiry into motivations for heroizing: why might some individuals heroize workers during a viral outbreak? The current research considers both economic system justification and perceived vulnerability to disease (comprising perceived infectability and germ aversion) as predictors of motivations to heroize (and reward) essential workers. As a hierarchy-maintaining orientation, economic system justification presumably relegates workers to dirty work (i.e., inhibits heroizing). Perceived vulnerability to disease, conversely, taps into vigilance for disease threats and mitigation and should facilitate heroizing of workers. In Study 1, whereas economic system justification predicted less support for rewards, perceived infectability predicted greater support for rewards for and heroizing of workers during the COVID pandemic. In Study 2, after reading an article about either hospital orderlies or poultry industry workers during an avian flu outbreak, economic system justification predicted less likelihood of heroizing (mirroring Study 1) and less gratitude toward workers. Furthermore, although orderlies' roles were viewed as more protective and enhancing than poultry workers, these differences became more pronounced for high germ aversion participants.
{"title":"Who hails the unsung heroes? Individual differences in heroizing essential workers during a viral outbreak","authors":"Zachary Airington, Freya A. Woods, Janet B. Ruscher","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the appellation “hero” rarely was applied to essential workers in nonmedical or nonemergency industries, e.g., grocery clerks, delivery drivers. Such novel usage prompts inquiry into motivations for heroizing: why might some individuals heroize workers during a viral outbreak? The current research considers both economic system justification and perceived vulnerability to disease (comprising perceived infectability and germ aversion) as predictors of motivations to heroize (and reward) essential workers. As a hierarchy-maintaining orientation, economic system justification presumably relegates workers to dirty work (i.e., inhibits heroizing). Perceived vulnerability to disease, conversely, taps into vigilance for disease threats and mitigation and should facilitate heroizing of workers. In Study 1, whereas economic system justification predicted less support for rewards, perceived infectability predicted greater support for rewards for and heroizing of workers during the COVID pandemic. In Study 2, after reading an article about either hospital orderlies or poultry industry workers during an avian flu outbreak, economic system justification predicted less likelihood of heroizing (mirroring Study 1) and less gratitude toward workers. Furthermore, although orderlies' roles were viewed as more protective and enhancing than poultry workers, these differences became more pronounced for high germ aversion participants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031
Xueli Zhu , Zifei Li
Objectives
Our understanding of the connections between the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and help-giving orientations remains nebulous, and there is surprisingly little scholarly insight into the help-seeking styles of individuals with these traits. This study investigated the relationships between the Dark Triad and help-seeking and help-giving styles, and whether the zero-sum mindset explains these linkages.
Methods
Given the inevitability of helping interactions in social settings, especially among adolescents, a sample of 455 Chinese adolescents aged 13–17 (59.6 % boys; M = 15.14, SD = 2.57) reported their Dark Triad traits, zero-sum mindset, and help-seeking and help-giving styles.
Results
Narcissists were more likely to seek and offer both autonomous and dependent help, whereas Machiavellians and psychopaths were less inclined to seek and offer dependent help. Narcissism and Machiavellianism were indirectly associated with all help-seeking and help-giving styles via zero-sum mindset, while psychopathy was directly linked to autonomous help-seeking and oppositional and dependent help-giving orientations.
Conclusion
In sum, the Dark Triad traits demonstrate distinct patterns of help-seeking and help-giving behaviors, and view helping interaction via a zero-sum lens. Understanding these varied styles can provide valuable insights into how individuals with Dark Triad traits navigate social dynamics.
{"title":"Seeking or giving help? Linkages between the Dark Triad traits and adolescents' help seeking and giving orientations: The role of zero-sum mindset","authors":"Xueli Zhu , Zifei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our understanding of the connections between the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and help-giving orientations remains nebulous, and there is surprisingly little scholarly insight into the help-seeking styles of individuals with these traits. This study investigated the relationships between the Dark Triad and help-seeking and help-giving styles, and whether the zero-sum mindset explains these linkages.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Given the inevitability of helping interactions in social settings, especially among adolescents, a sample of 455 Chinese adolescents aged 13–17 (59.6 % boys; <em>M</em> = 15.14, <em>SD</em> = 2.57) reported their Dark Triad traits, zero-sum mindset, and help-seeking and help-giving styles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Narcissists were more likely to seek and offer both autonomous and dependent help, whereas Machiavellians and psychopaths were less inclined to seek and offer dependent help. Narcissism and Machiavellianism were indirectly associated with all help-seeking and help-giving styles via zero-sum mindset, while psychopathy was directly linked to autonomous help-seeking and oppositional and dependent help-giving orientations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In sum, the Dark Triad traits demonstrate distinct patterns of help-seeking and help-giving behaviors, and view helping interaction via a zero-sum lens. Understanding these varied styles can provide valuable insights into how individuals with Dark Triad traits navigate social dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011
Todd B. Kashdan , Patrick E. McKnight , Kerry Kelso , Logan Craig , Bushra Guenoun , Carl Naughton
Curiosity is a fundamental human motive that is gaining increasing attention by researchers and practitioners interested in workplace functioning. Recent research suggests rather than designating someone as curious or not, there is benefit in detailing frequency/intensity scores on multiple dimensions. In this multi-national study, we examined how four workplace curiosity dimensions (Joyous Exploration, Deprivation Sensitivity, Stress Tolerance, and Openness to People's Ideas) operate with employees (adults aged 19 to over 55) working in nine countries. Our results include nine (from 23) countries with sufficient sample sizes (N > 250) to estimate stable correlations (Perugini, Gallucci, & Costantini, 2014): Germany, USA, China, France, India, Italy, Taiwan, Brazil, and Mexico. In an attempt to improve the psychometrics and minimize respondent burden, we found support for removing a single item per subscale. We also found evidence that the four-factor structure of curiosity showed generalizability across different geographical locations, age ranges, and biological sex. We detail the comparative psychometrics of this new, briefer version of the M-Workplace Curiosity Scale. Our approach offers a template for cross-cultural measurement approaches — giving adequate focus to measurement invariance as a method of assessing generalizability. Scientists cannot assume generalizability; it must be tested to understand whether, how, and when psychological strengths such as curiosity operate.
{"title":"Multiple dimensions of workplace curiosity: Evidence of generalizability in nine countries","authors":"Todd B. Kashdan , Patrick E. McKnight , Kerry Kelso , Logan Craig , Bushra Guenoun , Carl Naughton","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curiosity is a fundamental human motive that is gaining increasing attention by researchers and practitioners interested in workplace functioning. Recent research suggests rather than designating someone as curious or not, there is benefit in detailing frequency/intensity scores on multiple dimensions. In this multi-national study, we examined how four workplace curiosity dimensions (Joyous Exploration, Deprivation Sensitivity, Stress Tolerance, and Openness to People's Ideas) operate with employees (adults aged 19 to over 55) working in nine countries. Our results include nine (from 23) countries with sufficient sample sizes (<em>N</em> > 250) to estimate stable correlations (Perugini, Gallucci, & Costantini, 2014): Germany, USA, China, France, India, Italy, Taiwan, Brazil, and Mexico. In an attempt to improve the psychometrics and minimize respondent burden, we found support for removing a single item per subscale. We also found evidence that the four-factor structure of curiosity showed generalizability across different geographical locations, age ranges, and biological sex. We detail the comparative psychometrics of this new, briefer version of the M-Workplace Curiosity Scale. Our approach offers a template for cross-cultural measurement approaches — giving adequate focus to measurement invariance as a method of assessing generalizability. Scientists cannot assume generalizability; it must be tested to understand whether, how, and when psychological strengths such as curiosity operate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013
Sebastian Bürgler , Renato Frey
Metacognition is a construct of long-lasting interest in multiple fields of research. Yet, exchange between fields has been limited, leaving it an open question to what extent this construct can be conceptualized as a general cognitive entity. We thus implemented a cross-disciplinary analysis investigating if self-report scales from four fields tap into the same underlying construct and give rise to a general factor of metacognition (M). In a preregistered online study (N = 661) and utilizing an analytical approach to mitigate overfitting, a systematic model comparison showed that a bifactor model including a general factor of metacognition performed best. This general factor explained 61 % of the systematic variance, suggesting that there exists an important general component of metacognition. We will discuss how the different subscales of the four scales relate to one another and to M, elaborate on a potential jingle-fallacy in metacognition research, and give recommendations on which subscales to use to best tap into M. In sum, our integrative approach contributes to a better understanding of metacognition and how to best measure it.
{"title":"Cognition about cognition: Do scales from different fields assess metacognition alike?","authors":"Sebastian Bürgler , Renato Frey","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metacognition is a construct of long-lasting interest in multiple fields of research. Yet, exchange between fields has been limited, leaving it an open question to what extent this construct can be conceptualized as a general cognitive entity. We thus implemented a cross-disciplinary analysis investigating if self-report scales from four fields tap into the same underlying construct and give rise to a general factor of metacognition (M). In a preregistered online study (<em>N</em> = 661) and utilizing an analytical approach to mitigate overfitting, a systematic model comparison showed that a bifactor model including a general factor of metacognition performed best. This general factor explained 61 % of the systematic variance, suggesting that there exists an important general component of metacognition. We will discuss how the different subscales of the four scales relate to one another and to M, elaborate on a potential jingle-fallacy in metacognition research, and give recommendations on which subscales to use to best tap into M. In sum, our integrative approach contributes to a better understanding of metacognition and how to best measure it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029
Janko Međedović
Estimating the links between behavioral traits and fertility (e.g., number of children) is a fundamental step in the analysis of contemporary natural selection on behavioral traits. Self-esteem and narcissism are two frequently examined personality traits with partially shared content, but their associations with fertility are rarely analyzed. We examined these associations using a publicly available, large intercultural database (N = 43,029; 65 countries). We fitted multilevel Poisson regressions with random slopes; furthermore, we analyzed the interactions between personality traits, participants' sex, and the size of their settlement (urban vs. rural) in the prediction of the number of children. The results showed that self-esteem positively predicted fertility, while narcissism had no contribution to the prediction; significant variations in these effects across countries were captured as well. Interactions showed that the positive link between self-esteem and fertility was particularly expressed in males and in urban environments; conversely, narcissism showed a negative association with fertility in rural settlements. The data suggest that self-esteem may be under positive directional selection, which has implications for the evolutionary personality ecology in contemporary human populations.
{"title":"Self-esteem, but not narcissism, positively predicts fertility across the cultures","authors":"Janko Međedović","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the links between behavioral traits and fertility (e.g., number of children) is a fundamental step in the analysis of contemporary natural selection on behavioral traits. Self-esteem and narcissism are two frequently examined personality traits with partially shared content, but their associations with fertility are rarely analyzed. We examined these associations using a publicly available, large intercultural database (<em>N</em> = 43,029; 65 countries). We fitted multilevel Poisson regressions with random slopes; furthermore, we analyzed the interactions between personality traits, participants' sex, and the size of their settlement (urban vs. rural) in the prediction of the number of children. The results showed that self-esteem positively predicted fertility, while narcissism had no contribution to the prediction; significant variations in these effects across countries were captured as well. Interactions showed that the positive link between self-esteem and fertility was particularly expressed in males and in urban environments; conversely, narcissism showed a negative association with fertility in rural settlements. The data suggest that self-esteem may be under positive directional selection, which has implications for the evolutionary personality ecology in contemporary human populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113026
Yoav Ganzach , Kimmo Sorjonen , Asya Pazy
Ability tilt, the difference between two cognitive abilities (e.g., mathematical and verbal ability), has received considerable attention in the cognitive ability literature as a predictor of various outcomes (e.g., success in STEM). This concept was criticized recently by Sorjonen et al. (2022, 2023) who showed that the predictive power of tilt is spurious, in that it is due to differences in the correlations between the outcome and the tilt's components. In the current paper we suggest that despite this criticism, tilt can still be a useful concept if it is kept in mind that it represents the differential effects of its components. Although in many of the cases that were studied in the literature this differential effect is rather trivial – it is due to the similarities/dissimilarities of these components and the outcome – in other cases it may be of interest. We demonstrate this by studying the effect of tilt, as well as the effect of its interaction with general cognitive ability on educational and economic success.
{"title":"What's in a tilt? The differential effects of verbal and mathematical abilities on educational and economic success","authors":"Yoav Ganzach , Kimmo Sorjonen , Asya Pazy","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ability tilt, the difference between two cognitive abilities (e.g., mathematical and verbal ability), has received considerable attention in the cognitive ability literature as a predictor of various outcomes (e.g., success in STEM). This concept was criticized recently by Sorjonen et al. (2022, 2023) who showed that the predictive power of tilt is spurious, in that it is due to differences in the correlations between the outcome and the tilt's components. In the current paper we suggest that despite this criticism, tilt can still be a useful concept if it is kept in mind that it represents the differential effects of its components. Although in many of the cases that were studied in the literature this differential effect is rather trivial – it is due to the similarities/dissimilarities of these components and the outcome – in other cases it may be of interest. We demonstrate this by studying the effect of tilt, as well as the effect of its interaction with general cognitive ability on educational and economic success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025
Kathryn C. Kemp , Laura M. Hernández , Alysia M. Berglund , Jessica A. Kaczorowski , Christopher J. Burgin , Neus Barrantes-Vidal , Thomas R. Kwapil
Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy are differentially associated with affective expression, including mean levels and temporal patterns. Extending these findings, we examined intensity, beliefs, and management of emotions in multidimensional schizotypy, as these features may explain differential patterns of affect. The present study examined the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), with self-reported emotional intensity, awareness, and regulation strategies, and beliefs about the controllability of emotions in a sample of young adults (n = 1233). As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was robustly associated with multiple emotional difficulties, including diminished positive affect, emotional clarity, cognitive reappraisal, and beliefs about emotional controllability, as well as increased negative affect, general emotional intensity, and neuroticism. Negative schizotypy demonstrated diminished emotional engagement, including diminished positive affect, general emotional intensity, attention to emotions, and emotional clarity, and increased suppression. Positive schizotypy was associated with neuroticism and cognitive reappraisal. This study replicated findings regarding associations of multidimensional schizotypy and emotional expression, especially for negative and disorganized schizotypy. Furthermore, our study provides clarification regarding factors that may contribute to differential emotional expression in multidimensional schizotypy. Lastly, our results provide additional support for the construct validity of the MSS and three-factor model of schizotypy.
{"title":"Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy have differential patterns of emotion expression and regulation","authors":"Kathryn C. Kemp , Laura M. Hernández , Alysia M. Berglund , Jessica A. Kaczorowski , Christopher J. Burgin , Neus Barrantes-Vidal , Thomas R. Kwapil","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy are differentially associated with affective expression, including mean levels and temporal patterns. Extending these findings, we examined intensity, beliefs, and management of emotions in multidimensional schizotypy, as these features may explain differential patterns of affect. The present study examined the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), with self-reported emotional intensity, awareness, and regulation strategies, and beliefs about the controllability of emotions in a sample of young adults (<em>n</em> = 1233). As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was robustly associated with multiple emotional difficulties, including diminished positive affect, emotional clarity, cognitive reappraisal, and beliefs about emotional controllability, as well as increased negative affect, general emotional intensity, and neuroticism. Negative schizotypy demonstrated diminished emotional engagement, including diminished positive affect, general emotional intensity, attention to emotions, and emotional clarity, and increased suppression. Positive schizotypy was associated with neuroticism and cognitive reappraisal. This study replicated findings regarding associations of multidimensional schizotypy and emotional expression, especially for negative and disorganized schizotypy. Furthermore, our study provides clarification regarding factors that may contribute to differential emotional expression in multidimensional schizotypy. Lastly, our results provide additional support for the construct validity of the MSS and three-factor model of schizotypy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020
Gary Brase, Rachel Pratt
Fertility intentions are predictive of actual fertility, but where do fertility intentions come from? This research assessed possible temporal timing dispositions, as well as relevant fertility attitudes and desires, as potential precursors to fertility intentions. Study 1 participants completed both temporal planning and fertility-related measures. Life history strategy, which is specifically focused on reproductive trajectory, correlated with fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions. These correlations weakened, however, comparing across attitudes, desires, and intentions. Delay discounting showed little relationship with fertility measures, or with life history strategy. Study 2 added time perspective measures and found present and future orientations were sporadically related to fertility attitudes/desires/intentions. These results suggest an indirect pathway from domain-specific timing dispositions (particularly relevant to the topic domain), to attitudes and desires, which then are related to intentions. Because Study 2 participants were sampled over an extended time period, there also are preliminary suggestions of more long-term, slower temporal orientation in the pandemic cohort. Broadly, understanding factors and processes underlying reproductive decision making is both theoretically important and an increasingly pressing social issue.
{"title":"Time, stability, and fertility: Assessing general and specific timing dispositions with human fertility plans","authors":"Gary Brase, Rachel Pratt","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertility intentions are predictive of actual fertility, but where do fertility intentions come from? This research assessed possible temporal timing dispositions, as well as relevant fertility attitudes and desires, as potential precursors to fertility intentions. Study 1 participants completed both temporal planning and fertility-related measures. Life history strategy, which is specifically focused on reproductive trajectory, correlated with fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions. These correlations weakened, however, comparing across attitudes, desires, and intentions. Delay discounting showed little relationship with fertility measures, or with life history strategy. Study 2 added time perspective measures and found present and future orientations were sporadically related to fertility attitudes/desires/intentions. These results suggest an indirect pathway from domain-specific timing dispositions (particularly relevant to the topic domain), to attitudes and desires, which then are related to intentions. Because Study 2 participants were sampled over an extended time period, there also are preliminary suggestions of more long-term, slower temporal orientation in the pandemic cohort. Broadly, understanding factors and processes underlying reproductive decision making is both theoretically important and an increasingly pressing social issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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