Personality and Individual Differences最新文献_第9页

How future time perspective and subjective nearness-to-death shape post-traumatic symptoms: A longitudinal study 未来时间观和主观濒死感如何塑造创伤后症状：一项纵向研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113619

Yoav S. Bergman , Gali H. Weissberger

This longitudinal study examined the role of two subjective time perceptions, future time perspective (FTP) and subjective nearness-to-death (SNtD), in predicting war-related post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) among Israeli older adults. Drawing on socioemotional selectivity theory, time perspective research, and terror management theory, we hypothesized that a narrow FTP would predict higher SNtD over time, and that SNtD would mediate the FTP-PTS association. Data were collected from 157 Israeli older adults (age range = 60–86, M = 69.47, SD = 5.65) at baseline (T1) and six months later (T2). Participants completed measures of FTP, SNtD, and ICD-11-based PTS, with relevant sociodemographic and war exposure variables controlled. A narrow baseline FTP predicted increased SNtD and PTS six months later. Moreover, SNtD at T2 significantly mediated the association between FTP at T1 and PTS at T2 (indirect effect = −0.25, bootstrapped 95 % CIs [−0.51, −0.04]), suggesting that perceptions of a foreshortened future intensify PTS through heightened mortality awareness. These findings underscore the psychological vulnerability created by disrupted time perspectives in late life and highlight the clinical relevance of addressing both existential concerns and future-oriented thinking in trauma interventions. The study suggests that including mortality awareness in time perspective approaches may improve support for older adults' PTS.

本纵向研究考察了两种主观时间感知，未来时间视角（FTP）和主观接近死亡（SNtD）在预测以色列老年人战争相关创伤后症状（PTS）中的作用。根据社会情绪选择性理论、时间视角研究和恐惧管理理论，我们假设随着时间的推移，较窄的FTP可以预测较高的SNtD，并且SNtD可以调节FTP- pts的关联。在基线（T1）和6个月后（T2）收集157名以色列老年人（年龄范围60-86岁，M = 69.47, SD = 5.65）的数据。参与者完成FTP， SNtD和基于icd -11的PTS测量，相关的社会人口统计学和战争暴露变量控制。窄基线FTP预测6个月后SNtD和PTS增加。此外，T2时的SNtD显著介导了T1时FTP与T2时PTS之间的关联（间接效应= - 0.25，启动95% ci[- 0.51, - 0.04]），表明对未来缩短的感知通过提高死亡率意识而强化PTS。这些发现强调了在晚年生活中被打乱的时间视角所造成的心理脆弱性，并强调了在创伤干预中解决存在主义问题和面向未来的思维的临床相关性。该研究表明，在时间视角方法中纳入死亡意识可能会改善对老年人PTS的支持。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between character strengths and well-being (PERMA-Profiler) across the life span in East Asia: Data from Japan and China 东亚人性格优势与幸福感的关系（PERMA-Profiler）：来自日本和中国的数据

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113615

Minglu Li , Tazuko Aoki , Tomoya Imura , Kensaku Sasayama , Minoru Adachi

This study examined the relationship between character strengths and well-being (Perma-Profiler) across the life span in East Asia, focusing on adults in Japan and China. Totally, 1920 adults participated in the survey. After screening for validity using trap questions, the final sample consisted of 653 people from Japan and 726 people from China. Results showed that character strengths were associated with the PERMA-Profiler across 4 age groups (22–30, 31–45, 46–60, 61–99) in both countries. Furthermore, we explored specific strengths that demonstrated strong correlations with well-being (r ≥ 0.5) within each age group. These findings provide implications for future research on strengths-based interventions in East Asian contexts.

本研究以日本和中国的成年人为研究对象，考察了东亚人一生中性格优势与幸福感之间的关系。总共有1920名成年人参与了这项调查。在使用陷阱问题进行有效性筛选后，最终的样本包括来自日本的653人和来自中国的726人。结果显示，两国22-30岁、31-45岁、46-60岁、61-99岁4个年龄组的性格优势与PERMA-Profiler存在相关性。此外，我们探索了在每个年龄组中与幸福感强相关的特定优势（r≥0.5）。这些发现为未来东亚背景下基于优势的干预研究提供了启示。

引用次数: 0

Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity between sensory processing sensitivity and other individual difference measures 感觉加工敏感度与其他个体差异测量之间的收敛效度和区别效度的证据

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113620

Chloe L. Johnson, Adelaide Gleason, Jordan A. Booker

Sensory processing sensitivity (sensitivity) involves the ways people differ in being attentive and responsive to bodily, social, and environmental cues. We aimed to build evidence that sensitivity is complementary to other individual differences and measures of personality, yet is not redundant with measures of temperament, traits, character, and narrative identity. We recruited 774 young adults from the central U.S. (M age = 18.9 years; 60.9 % women) and tested relations between sensitivity and other self-reports and narrative expressions of personality. Each dimension of sensitivity was significantly correlated with other measures of personality. These correlations were not so large as to suggest redundancy between measures. Further, sensitivity to emotional and physiological stimuli was related to the ways people changed expressions of narrative processing between positive-valence and negative-valence life stories. Findings fit existing arguments about the value of sensitivity as part of the personality science toolkit. We discuss how findings reinforce theory and show the relevance of sensitivity for areas of intervention and application. We identify areas to expand fruitful investigation of sensitivity. And we highlight a novel area of inquiry showcased by these findings: the potential of sensitivity to inform self-construction and narrative identity.

感觉处理敏感性（sensitivity）涉及人们对身体、社会和环境线索的注意和反应的不同方式。我们的目标是建立证据，证明敏感性与其他个体差异和人格衡量标准是互补的，但与气质、特征、性格和叙事身份的衡量标准并不是多余的。我们从美国中部招募了774名年轻人（平均年龄18.9岁，其中60.9%为女性），并测试了敏感性与其他自我报告和人格叙事表达之间的关系。敏感度的每个维度都与人格的其他指标显著相关。这些相关性并没有大到表明测量之间存在冗余。此外，对情绪和生理刺激的敏感性与人们在正效价和负效价生活故事之间叙事加工表达的变化方式有关。这些发现与现有的关于敏感性作为人格科学工具包的一部分的价值的争论相吻合。我们讨论了研究结果如何强化理论，并显示了干预和应用领域敏感性的相关性。我们确定了一些领域，以扩大卓有成效的敏感性研究。我们强调了这些发现所展示的一个新的研究领域：为自我建构和叙事身份提供信息的敏感性的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship-specific adult attachment, subjective well-being, and job satisfaction: A multitrait–multirelationship approach 特定关系的成人依恋、主观幸福感和工作满意度：一个多特质-多关系的方法

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113558

Jinsoo Choi , Daniel A. Newman , R. Chris Fraley , Benjamin A. Newman

From the perspective of organizational psychology, we examine the relationship-specific effects of adult attachment on subjective well-being (SWB) and job satisfaction, highlighting the potential role of attachment theory in the dispositional approach to SWB and job satisfaction. Importantly, we draw distinctions between working models of attachment to the mother, father, romantic partner, and friend (distinct relationship domains). Using three datasets, we first establish that adult attachment measurement reflects a substantial portion of relationship specific variance (mother, father, partner, and friend relationship factors), and a much smaller portion of attachment domain variance (anxiety and avoidance). Second, we demonstrate that relationship-specific attachment to a romantic partner can uniquely predict SWB and job satisfaction, while controlling for overall attachment (i.e., confirming specific validity of partner attachment as an antecedent of SWB and job satisfaction). Results highlight the nuanced role of attachment style in job and life satisfaction, by emphasizing that the object of attachment (quality of attachment to a romantic partner in particular) begets unique benefits for SWB and in turn, job satisfaction.

本研究从组织心理学的角度考察了成人依恋对主观幸福感和工作满意度的关系特异性影响，强调了依恋理论在主观幸福感和工作满意度的性格研究中的潜在作用。重要的是，我们区分了依恋母亲、父亲、恋人和朋友的工作模式（不同的关系领域）。使用三个数据集，我们首先确定了成人依恋测量反映了很大一部分关系特定方差（母亲，父亲，伴侣和朋友关系因素），以及一小部分依恋领域方差（焦虑和回避）。其次，在控制整体依恋（即证实伴侣依恋作为主观幸福感和工作满意度的前项的特定有效性）的情况下，我们证明了对浪漫伴侣的特定关系依恋可以唯一地预测主观幸福感和工作满意度。结果强调了依恋类型在工作和生活满意度中的微妙作用，强调了依恋对象（特别是对浪漫伴侣的依恋质量）为主观幸福感带来独特的好处，反过来，工作满意度。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive bias modification of interpretation in Fear of Missing Out: a randomized controlled trial 《害怕错过》中口译的认知偏差修正：随机对照试验

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113613

Wanshuang Zhang , Jiayu Li , Yuzhou Chen , Ling Wang , Xuemei Gao

Background

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged as a prevalent form of anxiety in the digital age. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) has shown promise in alleviating anxiety symptoms. However, its application in the context of FoMO remains underexplored.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CBM-I in individuals with high levels of FoMO. Participants were randomly assigned to either a CBM-I group or a control group. Both groups completed a 9-day online task protocol.

Results

Post-intervention assessments revealed that participants in the CBM-I group exhibited significantly increased positive interpretation bias and decreased negative bias. FoMO scores also showed a marked reduction. These findings suggest that CBM-I effectively modifies interpretation biases and reduces levels of FoMO.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence supporting CBM-I as a promising intervention for alleviating FoMO. Future research could expand samples to different ages and cultures, examine long-term effects of CBM-I, and compare it with other active interventions to assess relative effectiveness.

在数字时代，害怕错过（FoMO）已经成为一种普遍的焦虑形式。认知偏见修正解释（CBM-I）在缓解焦虑症状方面显示出希望。然而，它在FoMO背景下的应用仍未得到充分探索。方法采用随机对照试验，评价CBM-I对高FoMO个体的治疗效果。参与者被随机分配到cbm - 1组或对照组。两组都完成了为期9天的在线任务协议。结果干预后评估显示，CBM-I组参与者表现出明显增加的积极解释偏倚和减少的消极偏倚。FoMO得分也明显下降。这些发现表明，CBM-I有效地修正了解释偏差，降低了FoMO的水平。结论本研究为CBM-I作为缓解FoMO的有效干预手段提供了初步证据。未来的研究可以将样本扩展到不同的年龄和文化，检查CBM-I的长期影响，并将其与其他积极干预措施进行比较，以评估相对有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Emotional blur as an individual difference variable: Prospective associations with alexithymia and neuroticism 情绪模糊作为个体差异变量：与述情障碍和神经质的前瞻性关联

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113612

Jean-Baptiste Pavani , Lina Bridault , Nicolas Pichot

A myriad of studies suggest that higher alexithymia—particularly difficulty perceiving/identifying emotions—is associated with increased dysphoria and poorer mental health. However, little is known about which specific difficulties (e.g., limited emotional vocabulary, confusion between emotion types, imprecise estimation of emotional intensity) contribute to the development of alexithymia and its consequences. The present study addresses this gap by introducing and examining the construct of emotional blur (i.e., the perception of one's emotional intensity in a vague or imprecise manner). A two-wave study was conducted with 508 French adults at baseline (t1), 202 of whom also participated at follow-up (t2). Emotional blur, alexithymia, and neuroticism were assessed at both waves. As expected, emotional blur at t1 prospectively and positively predicted the difficulty perceiving/identifying emotions facet of alexithymia and neuroticism. Mediation analyses further indicated that t1 emotional blur predicted increased neuroticism over time via increased difficulty perceiving/identifying emotions over time. These results suggest that emotional blur may be one of the emotion processing difficulties that contribute to reduced well-being.

无数的研究表明，述情障碍程度越高——尤其是感知/识别情绪的困难——与焦虑加剧和心理健康状况较差有关。然而，对于哪些特定的困难（例如，有限的情绪词汇，情绪类型之间的混淆，情绪强度的不精确估计）导致述情障碍的发展及其后果知之甚少。本研究通过引入和检验情感模糊（即以模糊或不精确的方式感知一个人的情感强度）的结构来解决这一差距。一项两波研究在基线（t1）时对508名法国成年人进行，其中202人也参加了随访（t2）。情绪模糊，述情障碍和神经质在两个波进行评估。正如预期的那样，情绪模糊在t1对述情障碍和神经质的情绪感知/识别困难具有前瞻性和正性的预测作用。调解分析进一步表明，随着时间的推移，t1情绪模糊通过增加感知/识别情绪的难度来预测神经质的增加。这些结果表明，情绪模糊可能是导致幸福感下降的情绪处理困难之一。

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引用次数: 0

Attachment anxiety amplifies PTSD symptoms among Israeli reservists following combat exposure in the iron swords war 依恋焦虑加剧了以色列预备役军人在铁剑战争中的创伤后应激障碍症状

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113614

Ruth Maytles , Ehud Bodner , Mario Mikulincer

Wartime reserve duty can intensify emotional burden and precipitate post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We investigated whether serving in the reserves during the Iron Swords War and insecure attachment (anxious, avoidant) are associated with higher PTSS, and whether attachment moderates links between war-related stress exposure and PTSS. A quota-matched online sample of Israeli adults (N = 300; 22–49 years) included 150 reservists called-up since October 7 and 150 not called-up. Participants completed validated measures of attachment (ECR-12), PTSS (PCL-5), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and civilian war-related stress exposure. Hierarchical regressions (controlling anxiety and depression) showed that attachment anxiety uniquely predicted higher PTSS across the whole sample. A reserve-service × attachment-anxiety interaction indicated that called-up reservists reported higher PTSS specifically when attachment anxiety was high; the analogous interaction reserve-service × attachment-avoidance was nonsignificant. Greater civilian war-related stress exposure also predicted higher PTSS, and its association with PTSS was stronger at higher attachment anxiety. Findings highlight attachment anxiety as a robust vulnerability factor for PTSS during wartime, especially among called-up reservists and in the context of war-stress exposure. Screening for attachment anxiety and brief attachment-informed supports during reserve service may help target prevention and tailor early interventions for at-risk soldiers and civilians.

战时预备役会加重情绪负担，诱发创伤后应激症状（ptsd）。我们调查了铁剑战争期间在预备役服役和不安全依恋（焦虑型、回避型）是否与较高的创伤后应激障碍有关，以及依恋是否调节了战争相关压力暴露与创伤后应激障碍之间的联系。一份与配额匹配的以色列成年人在线样本（N = 300； 22-49岁）包括150名自10月7日以来征召的预备役军人和150名未征召的预备役军人。参与者完成了依恋（ECR-12）、ptsd （PCL-5）、焦虑（GAD-7）、抑郁（PHQ-9）和平民战争相关压力暴露的有效测量。层次回归（控制焦虑和抑郁）表明，依恋焦虑在整个样本中唯一地预测了更高的ptsd。预备役人员与依恋焦虑的交互作用表明，被征召的预备役人员在依恋焦虑高的情况下表现出更高的ptsd；储备-服务-依恋-回避的交互作用不显著。较高的内战相关压力暴露也预示着较高的创伤后应激障碍，且其与创伤后应激障碍的相关性在较高的依恋焦虑中更强。研究结果强调，依恋焦虑是战时创伤后应激障碍的一个强有力的脆弱性因素，特别是在被征召的预备役军人和战争压力暴露的背景下。在预备役期间筛选依恋焦虑和简短的依恋信息支持可能有助于针对处于危险中的士兵和平民进行针对性的预防和定制早期干预。

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引用次数: 0

Anger at first slight: Hostile attributions mediate the associations between borderline personality traits and anger 最初轻微的愤怒：敌对归因调解了边缘人格特征和愤怒之间的联系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113599

Virgil Zeigler-Hill , Jennifer Vonk , Jocelyn LaVallee , Renée LeBlanc , Brooke Taylor , Avi Besser

The cognitive mechanisms underlying the connection between borderline personality traits and anger remain unclear. Across three studies, we examined whether direct and indirect hostile attribution biases mediated this association in negative interpersonal situations with ambiguous intentions (hereafter, ambiguous negative interpersonal situations). Study 1 (N = 2098) assessed reactions to these situations in a large undergraduate sample from the United States. Study 2 (N = 296) replicated these findings in the context of romantic relationships using a college student sample from the United States. Study 3 (N = 702) extended the investigation to an Israeli community sample involved in longer-term romantic partnerships. Borderline traits were consistently positively associated with anger in ambiguous negative interpersonal situations. Direct hostile attributions consistently mediated this association, whereas indirect hostile attributions mediated the association in Studies 1 and 2 but not in Study 3, suggesting contextual and cultural variability. Exploratory analyses revealed that the indirect association through indirect hostile attributions was stronger for men than women in general social situations but not in romantic contexts specifically. These findings identify hostile attributions as a key cognitive mechanism linking borderline traits to anger and highlight the importance of interpersonal interpretation in emotional dysregulation.

边缘型人格特质与愤怒之间联系的认知机制尚不清楚。在三项研究中，我们考察了直接和间接敌意归因偏差是否在具有模糊意图的消极人际情境（以下简称“模糊消极人际情境”）中介导了这种关联。研究1 （N = 2098）评估了来自美国的大量本科生样本对这些情况的反应。研究2 （N = 296）使用来自美国的大学生样本，在恋爱关系的背景下重复了这些发现。研究3 （N = 702）将调查扩展到涉及长期恋爱关系的以色列社区样本。在模棱两可的消极人际关系中，边缘特征始终与愤怒呈正相关。直接敌意归因在研究1和研究2中一直起到中介作用，而间接敌意归因在研究3中没有起到中介作用，这表明语境和文化差异。探索性分析显示，在一般的社会情境中，通过间接敌意归因而产生的间接关联在男性中强于女性，但在浪漫情境中则不然。这些发现确定了敌对归因是将边缘特征与愤怒联系起来的关键认知机制，并强调了人际解释在情绪失调中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Technical comment on Horton, E K.J., Schermerhorn, N., & Hanel, P H P. (2025). The impact of toxic masculinity on restrictive emotionality and mental health seeking support 技术评论Horton， E K.J, Schermerhorn， N, & Hanel, P H P.（2025）。有毒男子气概对限制性情绪和心理健康寻求支持的影响

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113609

Peter Jonason , Dritjon Gruda

Horton, Schermerhorn, and Hanel (2025) purport to demonstrate the impact of “toxic masculinity” on men’s mental health help-seeking. While we applaud efforts to understand mens health, this comment argues that conceptual flaws, psychometric redundancy, and statistical errors fundamentally compromise the two studies presented in this paper. We highlight the reliance on outdated “hydraulic models”, the circularity of predictor-criterion relationships (i.e., tautology), and the misapplication of mediation analyses where no primary association exists. Furthermore, we critique the unjustified causal language in a cross-sectional design and the potential for Type I errors given the analysis's exploratory nature. We conclude that the paper relies on sensationalist terminology rather than rigorous theory-testing.

Horton， Schermerhorn和Hanel（2025）试图证明“有毒的男子气概”对男性心理健康求助的影响。虽然我们赞赏理解男性健康的努力，但这篇评论认为，概念缺陷、心理测量冗余和统计错误从根本上损害了本文中提出的两项研究。我们强调了对过时的“水力模型”的依赖，预测-标准关系的循环性（即同义反复），以及在没有主要关联存在的情况下误用中介分析。此外，我们批评了横断面设计中不合理的因果语言，以及考虑到分析的探索性，可能出现I型错误。我们的结论是，这篇论文依赖于耸人听闻的术语，而不是严格的理论检验。

引用次数: 0

Are difficulties finding a romantic partner associated with sexist beliefs? Exploring associations between mate value and mate access with hostile and benevolent sexism, and belief in sexism shift 寻找浪漫伴侣的困难是否与性别歧视观念有关？探讨配偶价值和配偶获取与敌意和善意性别歧视之间的关系，以及对性别歧视转变的信念

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113610

Catharina Walldén , Annika Gunst , Jan Antfolk

We tested the hypothesis that individual differences in difficulties finding a romantic partner are associated with sexism and belief in sexism shift. We hypothesized that, because heterosexual men with low (vs. high) mate value and low (vs. high) mate access face greater difficulties in finding a partner, they are more likely to hold sexist beliefs. We used self-reports of mate value, mate access, hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and belief in sexism shift from 1604 Finnish adults. We examined associations between these self-reports by using multivariate multiple regression, controlling for political ideology, perceived sex ratio, relationship status, and partner search status. Higher mate value was associated with greater benevolent sexism, while those not searching for a partner and single women with more mate encounters reported lower benevolent sexism. In contrast, hostile sexism was higher among respondents reporting more possibilities with potential partners and among singles reporting more mate encounters. Male gender and political conservatism were also associated with hostile sexism and belief in sexism shift. Together, these findings highlight that associations between mate access, mate value, and sexist beliefs are complex and context-dependent, varying by relationship status, partner search-status, and type of sexism.

我们测试了这样一个假设，即在寻找浪漫伴侣的困难上的个体差异与性别歧视和对性别歧视转变的信念有关。我们假设，因为异性恋男性的低（高）伴侣价值和低（高）伴侣接触在寻找伴侣时面临更大的困难，他们更有可能持有性别歧视观念。我们使用了来自1604名芬兰成年人的配偶价值、配偶获取、敌意性别歧视、善意性别歧视和性别歧视转变信念的自我报告。我们通过多元回归检验了这些自我报告之间的关联，控制了政治意识形态、感知性别比例、关系状况和伴侣寻找状况。更高的伴侣价值与更大的善意性别歧视有关，而那些不寻找伴侣的人和遇到更多伴侣的单身女性报告的善意性别歧视更低。相比之下，敌意性别歧视在那些有更多潜在伴侣可能性的受访者和有更多伴侣遭遇的单身人士中更为严重。男性性别和政治保守主义也与敌意性别歧视和性别歧视转变的信念有关。总之，这些发现强调了伴侣获取、伴侣价值和性别歧视信念之间的联系是复杂的，并且依赖于情境，因关系状态、伴侣寻找状态和性别歧视类型而异。

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引用次数: 0