Insect production has an environmental impact. However, the use of organic waste in insect feeding can mitigate the impact and even result in environmentally positive scenarios. The two potential effects are waste reduction and return of nutrients to food systems in the form of fertilisers, feed and food. While waste reduction by insects is being assessed, the potential of insects for nutrient circularity has thus far been poorly analysed. The current publication provides an insight into the scarce cases of circularity potential assessment (as a part of life cycle assessment) of insects and the methodological approaches that can be further developed to ensure the recycling potential of insect production systems, relying on organic waste.
{"title":"Circularity and environmental impact of edible insects","authors":"Sergiy Smetana","doi":"10.3920/jiff2023.x004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2023.x004","url":null,"abstract":"Insect production has an environmental impact. However, the use of organic waste in insect feeding can mitigate the impact and even result in environmentally positive scenarios. The two potential effects are waste reduction and return of nutrients to food systems in the form of fertilisers, feed and food. While waste reduction by insects is being assessed, the potential of insects for nutrient circularity has thus far been poorly analysed. The current publication provides an insight into the scarce cases of circularity potential assessment (as a part of life cycle assessment) of insects and the methodological approaches that can be further developed to ensure the recycling potential of insect production systems, relying on organic waste.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"74 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230024
A. Andrić, M. Miličić, M. Bojanić, V. Obradović, L. Šašić Zorić, M. Petrović, I. Gadjanski
The present study aimed to evaluate the state of public perceptions and acceptance of insects as food in Serbia. The data was gathered via an online survey involving 1102 participants who completed Google Forms questionnaire shared through mailing lists and social media channels. The findings indicate that, while 85.3% of the respondents were aware of the use of insects in human diet, only 12.5% had previously consumed edible insects. The results of the chi-square tests further revealed that both familiarity and experience significantly affected willingness to buy insect-based food, whereas age and educational level did not. Men were more open to purchasing edible insects than women. Twice as many participants (49.4%) responded positively to eating insect-based food in which insects were not visible than to consuming recognisable insects (25.4%). Crisis (shortage of conventional sources of protein), curiosity, nutrition, and health benefits were the most frequently chosen reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, whereas disgust was the main reason against. Multiple correspondence analysis resulted in two dimensions that accounted for the largest amount of variance. The first dimension referred to familiarity with entomophagy, experience of eating edible insects, and willingness to buy insect-based products, whereby sustainability, affordability, taste, nutrition, and curiosity were the reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, while high price was a reason against. The second dimension indicated lack of familiarity, experience, or willingness to buy, with crisis as the most common motivating reason, and the perception of insects as pests and socio-cultural unacceptance as the main reasons against. Although almost half of the respondents reported willingness to consume processed insect-based products, the actual acceptance is possibly lower. Therefore, future research should focus on the provision of tasting opportunities as well as information on the benefits associated with the production and consumption of insects.
{"title":"Survey on public acceptance of insects as novel food in a non-EU country: a case study of Serbia","authors":"A. Andrić, M. Miličić, M. Bojanić, V. Obradović, L. Šašić Zorić, M. Petrović, I. Gadjanski","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230024","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the state of public perceptions and acceptance of insects as food in Serbia. The data was gathered via an online survey involving 1102 participants who completed Google Forms questionnaire shared through mailing lists and social media channels. The findings indicate that, while 85.3% of the respondents were aware of the use of insects in human diet, only 12.5% had previously consumed edible insects. The results of the chi-square tests further revealed that both familiarity and experience significantly affected willingness to buy insect-based food, whereas age and educational level did not. Men were more open to purchasing edible insects than women. Twice as many participants (49.4%) responded positively to eating insect-based food in which insects were not visible than to consuming recognisable insects (25.4%). Crisis (shortage of conventional sources of protein), curiosity, nutrition, and health benefits were the most frequently chosen reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, whereas disgust was the main reason against. Multiple correspondence analysis resulted in two dimensions that accounted for the largest amount of variance. The first dimension referred to familiarity with entomophagy, experience of eating edible insects, and willingness to buy insect-based products, whereby sustainability, affordability, taste, nutrition, and curiosity were the reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, while high price was a reason against. The second dimension indicated lack of familiarity, experience, or willingness to buy, with crisis as the most common motivating reason, and the perception of insects as pests and socio-cultural unacceptance as the main reasons against. Although almost half of the respondents reported willingness to consume processed insect-based products, the actual acceptance is possibly lower. Therefore, future research should focus on the provision of tasting opportunities as well as information on the benefits associated with the production and consumption of insects.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220139
J. Zim, H. Chkih, R. Bouharroud, M. Sarehane, P. Lhomme
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a cosmopolitan fly. Its feeding behaviour, high productivity and the high value of its larvae in macronutrients (mainly lipids and proteins) makes this species one of the promising candidates for large scale insect farming and organic waste management. The reproductive rate, female oviposition preference and oviposition attractants of H. illucens are understudied. A better knowledge of the attractants involved in oviposition site choice would help maximising black soldier fly reproductive success. The current study aims to compare the efficacy of four food attractants on the oviposition activity of H. illucens females. The trial was conducted in a cage (11 × 1.25 × 0.9 m) with a volume of 12.38 m3 and containing 83,610 adults (6750 adults/m3). The cages were placed in a rearing room where the conditions were: T = 28 ± 1 °C, RH = 70 ± 5%, photoperiod of 16 h light: 8 h dark and light intensity = 8140 Lux). The tested feeds included a rabbit feed, fish waste (sardine, sardinella, and anchovy waste), a mixture of tropical fruits (pineapple, banana, papaya and mango), and fresh cattle manure. The performance of each feed attractant was evaluated in terms of the mass of eggs laid on the laying medium. This study showed that fruit mixture is the most efficient attractant, followed by fresh cattle manure and fish waste while the rabbit feed was the least efficient. The results of this study can be used to optimise the reproduction of the black soldier fly.
{"title":"Effect of various odour attractants on egg-laying activity of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)","authors":"J. Zim, H. Chkih, R. Bouharroud, M. Sarehane, P. Lhomme","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220139","url":null,"abstract":"The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a cosmopolitan fly. Its feeding behaviour, high productivity and the high value of its larvae in macronutrients (mainly lipids and proteins) makes this species one of the promising candidates for large scale insect farming and organic waste management. The reproductive rate, female oviposition preference and oviposition attractants of H. illucens are understudied. A better knowledge of the attractants involved in oviposition site choice would help maximising black soldier fly reproductive success. The current study aims to compare the efficacy of four food attractants on the oviposition activity of H. illucens females. The trial was conducted in a cage (11 × 1.25 × 0.9 m) with a volume of 12.38 m3 and containing 83,610 adults (6750 adults/m3). The cages were placed in a rearing room where the conditions were: T = 28 ± 1 °C, RH = 70 ± 5%, photoperiod of 16 h light: 8 h dark and light intensity = 8140 Lux). The tested feeds included a rabbit feed, fish waste (sardine, sardinella, and anchovy waste), a mixture of tropical fruits (pineapple, banana, papaya and mango), and fresh cattle manure. The performance of each feed attractant was evaluated in terms of the mass of eggs laid on the laying medium. This study showed that fruit mixture is the most efficient attractant, followed by fresh cattle manure and fish waste while the rabbit feed was the least efficient. The results of this study can be used to optimise the reproduction of the black soldier fly.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220158
Y. Tagawa, T. Kawahara, S. Kotani, M. Wada
Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its faeces are notable healthy foods because of their biologically active components originating from mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves. However, in modern sericulture, silkworms are reared on artificial diet made primarily from defatted soybeans and dried mulberry leaf powder throughout the year. Neither the contents of functional components nor the biological activities of silkworms and their faeces raised on artificial diet have been investigated. Therefore, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total phenolic, total flavonoid and chlorophyll content were evaluated in silkworms and their faeces reared on mulberry leaves, artificial diet and then artificial diet switched to mulberry leaf from the fifth instar for four days. The DNJ content of silkworms depended on that in their diet and was significantly lower in silkworms fed with artificial diet than in those fed with mulberry leaves similar to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. On the contrary, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were similar in all silkworms regardless of feeding conditions. In the faeces of the artificial diet-reared group, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were significantly higher than those of the mulberry leaf-reared group. Chlorophyll content in faeces depended on the content of diet, whereas that in silkworms was low regardless of the diet type. The biological activities and contents of functional compounds in the artificial diet-reared group were at similar levels with those of the mulberry leaf-reared group when the diet switched to mulberry leaf from the first day of the fifth instar for four days, indicating that the biological activities and content of functional components in silkworms and its faeces are defined by diet and changeable over a short period.
{"title":"Effects of diet on the biological activities and content of functional components of silkworm Bombyx mori and its faeces","authors":"Y. Tagawa, T. Kawahara, S. Kotani, M. Wada","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220158","url":null,"abstract":"Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its faeces are notable healthy foods because of their biologically active components originating from mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves. However, in modern sericulture, silkworms are reared on artificial diet made primarily from defatted soybeans and dried mulberry leaf powder throughout the year. Neither the contents of functional components nor the biological activities of silkworms and their faeces raised on artificial diet have been investigated. Therefore, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total phenolic, total flavonoid and chlorophyll content were evaluated in silkworms and their faeces reared on mulberry leaves, artificial diet and then artificial diet switched to mulberry leaf from the fifth instar for four days. The DNJ content of silkworms depended on that in their diet and was significantly lower in silkworms fed with artificial diet than in those fed with mulberry leaves similar to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. On the contrary, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were similar in all silkworms regardless of feeding conditions. In the faeces of the artificial diet-reared group, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were significantly higher than those of the mulberry leaf-reared group. Chlorophyll content in faeces depended on the content of diet, whereas that in silkworms was low regardless of the diet type. The biological activities and contents of functional compounds in the artificial diet-reared group were at similar levels with those of the mulberry leaf-reared group when the diet switched to mulberry leaf from the first day of the fifth instar for four days, indicating that the biological activities and content of functional components in silkworms and its faeces are defined by diet and changeable over a short period.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230035
B. Altmann, S. Geisler, F. Morthorst, S. Angeli, S. Bortolini, M. Gauly, J. Hummel, A. Sünder, D. Moerlein, I. Traulsen, S. Ammer
To keep up with increasing demand for animal protein, alternative protein sources will need to be included in current animal production systems. The efficient growth of Hermetia illucens larvae combined with municipal waste as a substrate has the potential to increase the sustainability of protein feed production. Therefore, this study partially substituted soymeal with H. illucens larval meal (reared on municipal waste) in broiler diets to determine the effect on slow-growing broiler (ISA-JA-757 and Les Bleues) production. Growth and slaughter performance, as well as animal welfare and meat quality parameters were evaluated. No influence of H. illucens larvae meal in the diet was found for weight gain, feed efficiency and slaughter performance. Animal welfare was also not influenced by diet. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat was influenced by the inclusion of H. illucens in the broiler diets; however not uniformly across meat cut. Differences between animal genotype and animal sex often influenced parameters under investigation more than diet itself. Overall, H. illucens can be regarded as a suitable protein source in slow-growing broiler diets.
为了满足对动物蛋白质日益增长的需求，目前的动物生产系统中需要加入替代蛋白质来源。以城市垃圾为基质的白头翁幼虫的高效生长有可能提高蛋白饲料生产的可持续性。因此，本研究在肉鸡日粮中用（在城市垃圾中饲养的）白头翁幼虫粉部分替代豆粕，以确定对慢速生长肉鸡（ISA-JA-757 和 Les Bleues）生产的影响。对生长和屠宰性能以及动物福利和肉质参数进行了评估。结果发现，日粮中的伊绿幼虫粉对增重、饲料效率和屠宰性能没有影响。动物福利也没有受到日粮的影响。肉鸡日粮中添加伊绿幼虫对肌肉内脂肪的脂肪酸组成有影响，但对不同肉块的影响不尽相同。动物基因型和动物性别之间的差异往往比日粮本身对调查参数的影响更大。总之，在生长缓慢的肉鸡日粮中，高紫苏可以被视为一种合适的蛋白质来源。
{"title":"Animal performance and meat quality of two slow-growing chicken genotypes fed insects reared on municipal organic waste","authors":"B. Altmann, S. Geisler, F. Morthorst, S. Angeli, S. Bortolini, M. Gauly, J. Hummel, A. Sünder, D. Moerlein, I. Traulsen, S. Ammer","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230035","url":null,"abstract":"To keep up with increasing demand for animal protein, alternative protein sources will need to be included in current animal production systems. The efficient growth of Hermetia illucens larvae combined with municipal waste as a substrate has the potential to increase the sustainability of protein feed production. Therefore, this study partially substituted soymeal with H. illucens larval meal (reared on municipal waste) in broiler diets to determine the effect on slow-growing broiler (ISA-JA-757 and Les Bleues) production. Growth and slaughter performance, as well as animal welfare and meat quality parameters were evaluated. No influence of H. illucens larvae meal in the diet was found for weight gain, feed efficiency and slaughter performance. Animal welfare was also not influenced by diet. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat was influenced by the inclusion of H. illucens in the broiler diets; however not uniformly across meat cut. Differences between animal genotype and animal sex often influenced parameters under investigation more than diet itself. Overall, H. illucens can be regarded as a suitable protein source in slow-growing broiler diets.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220146
E. Fukuda, P. Omana Sudhakaran, M. Drewery
Insects have potential to be integrated into livestock feeding systems to enhance sustainability of food production. However, Western consumers generally oppose insects as food and it is unknown if U.S. consumers will accept animal food products from livestock fed insects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate U.S. consumers’ acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) for animal products from livestock fed insects with an emphasis on identifying underlying drivers that shape acceptance. We developed a questionnaire-based survey that was distributed via convenience sampling to adult U.S. consumers (n = 361). A multinomial logit model was used to identify drivers affecting consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed; the dependent variable had three categories representing consumer attitude: supportive, neutral, or opposing. Of respondents, 34% accepted insects as livestock feed, 15% were opposed, and 52% were neutral. Respondents more likely to accept insects as livestock feed were younger (18-24 vs 35-44 years; ), had higher average household income ($50,000-$100,000 vs <$25,000; ), and higher educational attainment (master’s degree vs high school diploma; ). The factors that, if true, would most strongly influence consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed were: ‘If I knew the insects were healthy for the livestock’ (74% of respondents); ‘If I knew it would not affect the balance of our eco-system’ (66%); and ‘If I knew it would lessen the environmental impact of livestock production’ (61%). For WTP, 21% of respondents were willing to pay less for animal products from livestock fed insects, 72% of were willing to pay the same, and 7% were willing to pay more. Our findings outline demographics of most likely U.S. consumers for animal products from livestock fed insects and indicate that outreach should highlight environmental, animal welfare, and economic benefits of insects as livestock feed to increase U.S. consumer adoption.
昆虫有可能被纳入牲畜饲养系统，以提高粮食生产的可持续性。然而，西方消费者普遍反对将昆虫作为食品，美国消费者是否会接受用昆虫喂养家畜生产的动物食品尚不得而知。因此，本研究的目的是评估美国消费者对用昆虫喂养牲畜生产动物产品的接受程度和支付意愿（WTP），重点是找出影响接受程度的潜在驱动因素。我们编制了一份基于问卷的调查表，通过方便抽样的方式向美国成年消费者（n = 361）发放。我们使用多叉 Logit 模型来确定影响消费者接受昆虫作为家畜饲料的驱动因素；因变量有三个类别，分别代表消费者的态度：支持、中立或反对。在受访者中，34% 接受昆虫作为家畜饲料，15% 反对，52% 持中立态度。更有可能接受昆虫作为牲畜饲料的受访者年龄更小（18-24 岁 vs 35-44 岁；），平均家庭收入更高（50,000-100,000 美元 vs <25,000；），受教育程度更高（硕士学位 vs 高中文凭；）。如果情况属实，对消费者接受昆虫作为牲畜饲料影响最大的因素是如果我知道昆虫对牲畜健康有益"（74% 的受访者）；"如果我知道它不会影响我们生态系统的平衡"（66%）；以及 "如果我知道它能减轻畜牧生产对环境的影响"（61%）。就购买意愿而言，21% 的受访者愿意支付较低的价格购买用昆虫喂养的牲畜生产的动物产品，72% 的受访者愿意支付相同的价格，7% 的受访者愿意支付更高的价格。我们的研究结果概括了最有可能购买用昆虫喂养的牲畜的动物产品的美国消费者的人口统计学特征，并表明宣传工作应突出昆虫作为牲畜饲料的环境、动物福利和经济效益，以提高美国消费者的采用率。
{"title":"Consumer acceptance of and willingness to pay for animal food products from livestock fed insects in the United States","authors":"E. Fukuda, P. Omana Sudhakaran, M. Drewery","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220146","url":null,"abstract":"Insects have potential to be integrated into livestock feeding systems to enhance sustainability of food production. However, Western consumers generally oppose insects as food and it is unknown if U.S. consumers will accept animal food products from livestock fed insects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate U.S. consumers’ acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) for animal products from livestock fed insects with an emphasis on identifying underlying drivers that shape acceptance. We developed a questionnaire-based survey that was distributed via convenience sampling to adult U.S. consumers (n = 361). A multinomial logit model was used to identify drivers affecting consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed; the dependent variable had three categories representing consumer attitude: supportive, neutral, or opposing. Of respondents, 34% accepted insects as livestock feed, 15% were opposed, and 52% were neutral. Respondents more likely to accept insects as livestock feed were younger (18-24 vs 35-44 years; ), had higher average household income ($50,000-$100,000 vs <$25,000; ), and higher educational attainment (master’s degree vs high school diploma; ). The factors that, if true, would most strongly influence consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed were: ‘If I knew the insects were healthy for the livestock’ (74% of respondents); ‘If I knew it would not affect the balance of our eco-system’ (66%); and ‘If I knew it would lessen the environmental impact of livestock production’ (61%). For WTP, 21% of respondents were willing to pay less for animal products from livestock fed insects, 72% of were willing to pay the same, and 7% were willing to pay more. Our findings outline demographics of most likely U.S. consumers for animal products from livestock fed insects and indicate that outreach should highlight environmental, animal welfare, and economic benefits of insects as livestock feed to increase U.S. consumer adoption.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220159
S.Y. Xie, X.L. Wang, Y. Zhou, L. Ma, Y. Hou, O.P. Soladoye, Y.H. Zhang, Y. Fu
In order to explore the impacts of limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification on the structure, functional properties, allergenicity, and volatile compounds of silkworm pupae protein, the crude silkworm pupae protein was firstly extracted by alkaline-solution method, followed by Alcalase-treated limited hydrolysis for 10-30 min. Xylose was subsequently added and reacted for 1 h at 95 °C. Afterwards, the structure, functionality, allergenicity, and volatile compounds before and after modification were analysed. The molecular weight of modified silkworm pupae protein was remarkably decreased. The solubility was improved from 4.7 to 28.6%. The foaming ability was elevated by 21%. The in vitro digestibility was elevated by 34.0-44.4%. Furthermore, the abundance of six potential allergic proteins was remarkably reduced. In addition, the contents of off-flavour compounds in modified silkworm pupae proteins substantially decreased. Overall, limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification can improve the functionality and flavour of silkworm pupae protein, while reduce the allergenicity.
{"title":"Limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) proteins: structure-function relationship","authors":"S.Y. Xie, X.L. Wang, Y. Zhou, L. Ma, Y. Hou, O.P. Soladoye, Y.H. Zhang, Y. Fu","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220159","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the impacts of limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification on the structure, functional properties, allergenicity, and volatile compounds of silkworm pupae protein, the crude silkworm pupae protein was firstly extracted by alkaline-solution method, followed by Alcalase-treated limited hydrolysis for 10-30 min. Xylose was subsequently added and reacted for 1 h at 95 °C. Afterwards, the structure, functionality, allergenicity, and volatile compounds before and after modification were analysed. The molecular weight of modified silkworm pupae protein was remarkably decreased. The solubility was improved from 4.7 to 28.6%. The foaming ability was elevated by 21%. The in vitro digestibility was elevated by 34.0-44.4%. Furthermore, the abundance of six potential allergic proteins was remarkably reduced. In addition, the contents of off-flavour compounds in modified silkworm pupae proteins substantially decreased. Overall, limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification can improve the functionality and flavour of silkworm pupae protein, while reduce the allergenicity.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220134
M. Rattana, C. Yongyut, P. Supachet
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are considered economically viable as an alternative source of oil and bioactive compounds. The drying and extraction methods are critical steps in the extraction of oil and have an impact on the characteristics and composition of the extracted oil. Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from black soldier fly larvae allows for the extraction of important bioactive compounds and oils while causing the least amount of change. The effect of different pre-treatment tray-drying and freeze-drying methods on the quantity and biological activities of oil extracted from black soldier fly larvae using supercritical CO2 was investigated in this study. Oil extraction from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae samples could be done at low temperatures for a shorter extraction time, resulting in higher yields while avoiding the negative effects of high temperatures on lipids and other valuable components. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae contained major fatty acid compositions such as lauric acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, as well as total phenolic compounds (0.067-0.113 mg gallic acid/g oil), antioxidant capacity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) (0.36-0.56 μmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/10 g oil), and antioxidant capacity 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (0.23-0.55 μmol TEAC/10 g oil, and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant capacity (0.33-0.64 μmol TEAC/10 g oil). The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples had a shelf life of approximately 2.42-3.63 months and 2.51-3.40 months, respectively, at storage temperatures ranging from 25 to 55 °C. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples extracted using supercritical CO2 had high acid values which could inhibit keratinocyte growth by 76.70 and 75.04%, respectively, at 100 mg/ml concentrations. Furthermore, the tray-drying and freeze-drying methods had no effect on the physicochemical properties of the supercritical CO2-extracted oil from dried black soldier fly larvae samples.
{"title":"Drying treatment impact on oil yield extracted from black soldier fly larvae using supercritical carbon dioxide and its biological activities","authors":"M. Rattana, C. Yongyut, P. Supachet","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220134","url":null,"abstract":"Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are considered economically viable as an alternative source of oil and bioactive compounds. The drying and extraction methods are critical steps in the extraction of oil and have an impact on the characteristics and composition of the extracted oil. Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from black soldier fly larvae allows for the extraction of important bioactive compounds and oils while causing the least amount of change. The effect of different pre-treatment tray-drying and freeze-drying methods on the quantity and biological activities of oil extracted from black soldier fly larvae using supercritical CO2 was investigated in this study. Oil extraction from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae samples could be done at low temperatures for a shorter extraction time, resulting in higher yields while avoiding the negative effects of high temperatures on lipids and other valuable components. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae contained major fatty acid compositions such as lauric acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, as well as total phenolic compounds (0.067-0.113 mg gallic acid/g oil), antioxidant capacity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) (0.36-0.56 μmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/10 g oil), and antioxidant capacity 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (0.23-0.55 μmol TEAC/10 g oil, and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant capacity (0.33-0.64 μmol TEAC/10 g oil). The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples had a shelf life of approximately 2.42-3.63 months and 2.51-3.40 months, respectively, at storage temperatures ranging from 25 to 55 °C. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples extracted using supercritical CO2 had high acid values which could inhibit keratinocyte growth by 76.70 and 75.04%, respectively, at 100 mg/ml concentrations. Furthermore, the tray-drying and freeze-drying methods had no effect on the physicochemical properties of the supercritical CO2-extracted oil from dried black soldier fly larvae samples.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220152
M. Abellán, F. Ruano, S. Rojo, A. Martı́nez-Sánchez
Deep understanding of the optimal reproductive and biological parameters is necessary to obtain the maximum egg production in captive rearing of Musca domestica, the common housefly. The effect of larval diet is explored in this study, using two different media: poultry manure and an artificial medium based on cereals mixed with meat. The preimaginal mortality and development time, with other reproductive parameters that indirectly affect adult fecundity as: ovary and wing size, fluctuating asymmetry, and cuticular hydrocarbon composition, were analysed. The results show that poultry manure was related with better efficacy values, lower larval mortality rate, and a sex-dependent effect in fecundity. Asymmetry fluctuation and different hydrocarbon composition was detected in females. The females from larvae that grew on manure presented bigger ovaries and oocytes, but a smaller number of ovarioles per ovary. Their morphological asymmetry was also lower; and the cuticular hydrocarbon composition was distinct from the rest of the adults, with more alkanes and less alkenes than males or females related with the artificial diet. As conclusion, the effect of larval substrate on the survival and fecundity parameters is evident. The implications for the mass production of the house fly as animal feed are also indicated.
{"title":"Effect of two larval diets on the reproductive parameters of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae)","authors":"M. Abellán, F. Ruano, S. Rojo, A. Martı́nez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220152","url":null,"abstract":"Deep understanding of the optimal reproductive and biological parameters is necessary to obtain the maximum egg production in captive rearing of Musca domestica, the common housefly. The effect of larval diet is explored in this study, using two different media: poultry manure and an artificial medium based on cereals mixed with meat. The preimaginal mortality and development time, with other reproductive parameters that indirectly affect adult fecundity as: ovary and wing size, fluctuating asymmetry, and cuticular hydrocarbon composition, were analysed. The results show that poultry manure was related with better efficacy values, lower larval mortality rate, and a sex-dependent effect in fecundity. Asymmetry fluctuation and different hydrocarbon composition was detected in females. The females from larvae that grew on manure presented bigger ovaries and oocytes, but a smaller number of ovarioles per ovary. Their morphological asymmetry was also lower; and the cuticular hydrocarbon composition was distinct from the rest of the adults, with more alkanes and less alkenes than males or females related with the artificial diet. As conclusion, the effect of larval substrate on the survival and fecundity parameters is evident. The implications for the mass production of the house fly as animal feed are also indicated.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20220106
V. Villanueva, F. Valdés, S. Zavala, J.M. Yáñez, C. Valenzuela
Currently, insects represent a sustainable alternative to animal-based ingredients for pet food, but there is little information on the willingness of cat owners to incorporate insects into their pet diets. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of cat owners to feed insect-based feed. Between June and August 2021, an on-line survey was provided to cat owners in Chile; of the total number of participants (1684), the majority were female (89.2%), with university education (73%) and omnivorous eating habits (63.7%). Participants had an average of 2 cats per household with indoor lifestyle (70.2%). Most participants (63.6%) were willing to feed insects to their cats. Participants were more willing to feed their cats treats containing 20% insect meal (Overall willingness (OW) = 7.1 ± 3.1, on a scale of 1 to 10), than pure insect meal (OW = 4.9 ± 3.3) or whole insects (OW = 4.4 ± 3.3). Cricket meal treats were the most acceptable. Acceptance toward insects increased when mentioning the environmental benefits of insect production (OW = 7.6 ± 2.9). Participants more willing to offer insect-based treats to their cats were also more willing to use pure insect meal and even whole insects. The reasons for not wanting to include insects in cat feed were disgust, unfamiliarity and preference for traditional pet foods.
{"title":"Perception of cat owners on the use of insects as feed ingredients for cats","authors":"V. Villanueva, F. Valdés, S. Zavala, J.M. Yáñez, C. Valenzuela","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20220106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20220106","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, insects represent a sustainable alternative to animal-based ingredients for pet food, but there is little information on the willingness of cat owners to incorporate insects into their pet diets. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of cat owners to feed insect-based feed. Between June and August 2021, an on-line survey was provided to cat owners in Chile; of the total number of participants (1684), the majority were female (89.2%), with university education (73%) and omnivorous eating habits (63.7%). Participants had an average of 2 cats per household with indoor lifestyle (70.2%). Most participants (63.6%) were willing to feed insects to their cats. Participants were more willing to feed their cats treats containing 20% insect meal (Overall willingness (OW) = 7.1 ± 3.1, on a scale of 1 to 10), than pure insect meal (OW = 4.9 ± 3.3) or whole insects (OW = 4.4 ± 3.3). Cricket meal treats were the most acceptable. Acceptance toward insects increased when mentioning the environmental benefits of insect production (OW = 7.6 ± 2.9). Participants more willing to offer insect-based treats to their cats were also more willing to use pure insect meal and even whole insects. The reasons for not wanting to include insects in cat feed were disgust, unfamiliarity and preference for traditional pet foods.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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