Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献_第8页

Effects of soil heterogeneity on the numerical simulation of liquefiable soil deposits using a multi-surface plasticity model 基于多表面塑性模型的土壤非均质性对可液化土层数值模拟的影响

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110097

Vicente Mercado , María Pico , Jose Duque , Waleed El-Sekelly

This article presents the results of stochastic numerical analyses evaluating the impact of soil spatial variability on the response of liquefiable deposits under earthquake loading. The analyses were conducted using the Finite Element platform OpenSees and incorporating the characteristics of dynamic centrifuge tests developed as part of the LEAP-2020 project. The mechanical behavior of Ottawa F-65 sand, the material used in the centrifuge tests, was modeled with a pressure-dependent, multi-surface plasticity constitutive model. The model's parameters were calibrated based on a series of undrained cyclic triaxial and cyclic simple shear tests under varying initial conditions. Deterministic simulations were conducted and compared with LEAP-2020 centrifuge experimental data to assess the performance of the adopted modeling framework. Subsequently, a stochastic analysis was performed using the Random Finite Element Method (RFEM), where soil relative density was represented as a spatially correlated Gaussian random field. Spatial variability was explored through a range of correlation lengths, defined as the characteristic distance over which soil density values remain statistically correlated. The results indicate that accounting for soil variability in geotechnical systems is a powerful approach to predict soil response within a confidence interval, supporting safer and more efficient geotechnical design.

本文介绍了地震作用下土壤空间变异性对可液化沉积物响应影响的随机数值分析结果。分析是使用有限元平台OpenSees进行的，并结合了作为LEAP-2020项目一部分开发的动态离心机测试的特点。采用压力相关的多面塑性本构模型对离心试验中使用的渥太华F-65砂的力学行为进行了建模。通过一系列不同初始条件下的不排水循环三轴和循环单剪试验，对模型参数进行了标定。进行了确定性模拟，并与LEAP-2020离心机实验数据进行了比较，以评估所采用的建模框架的性能。随后，使用随机有限元法（RFEM）进行随机分析，其中土壤相对密度表示为空间相关的高斯随机场。空间变异性是通过一系列相关长度来探索的，相关长度定义为土壤密度值保持统计相关的特征距离。结果表明，考虑岩土系统中的土壤变异性是在置信区间内预测土壤反应的有力方法，支持更安全、更有效的岩土设计。

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引用次数: 0

Grain crushing and response of sands and slopes along slip surfaces until large sliding displacement 颗粒破碎及沿滑面砂坡的响应，直至大的滑动位移

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110074

Baofeng Di , Yucen Xie , Constantine A. Stamatopoulos , Petros Sidiropoulos

The damage which earthquake-induced landslides cause can be evaluated by predicting the displacement and comparing it to a tolerable one, which in some cases may be in the range of meters. In order to predict this displacement, constitutive models predicting soil response along slip surfaces until very large sliding displacement are needed. The constitutive models must be based on the prediction of actual physical quantities affecting soil response (soil density, excess pore pressure, fines content, sand grains hardness) in order for the practicing engineer to be able to perform parametric analyses for the investigation of the effect of different physical factors, and therefore mitigation measures as well, on landslide movement. Elasto-plastic critical state constitutive models simulating sand response along slip surfaces have been proposed. However, typically these models do not consider grain crushing and therefore simulate soil response only until sliding displacement of a few mm. The present work proposes for the first time a cost-effective but general critical state constitutive model which models sand response along slip surfaces until large sliding displacement by changing the critical state line location in terms of grain crushing-induced fines content change. In this way, the dramatic loss of strength at very large sliding displacement of even dense sands measured in ring shear tests under undrained conditions is predicted. The model is based on relationships which have been proposed in the literature, combined in a unique manner. Therefore, most model parameters are well-defined. Other model relationships are studied by analysis of recent data of laboratory tests performed by the authors. The proposed model is solved numerically and partly validated for ring shear tests under both drained and undrained conditions. Finally, the new constitutive model is coupled with a recently proposed cost-effective sliding system model simulating earthquake-induced landslide movement. This improved method, useful for the practicing engineer, is applied to illustrate the effect of grain crushing, drainage and sand density on the seismic displacement of a potentially unstable model slope.

地震引起的滑坡所造成的损害可以通过预测位移并将其与可容忍的位移进行比较来评估，在某些情况下，可容忍的位移可能在米的范围内。为了预测这种位移，需要本构模型来预测沿滑动面土体的响应，直到非常大的滑动位移。本构模型必须基于影响土壤响应的实际物理量（土密度、超孔隙压力、细粒含量、沙粒硬度）的预测，以便实践工程师能够对不同物理因素的影响进行参数化分析，从而采取缓解措施，对滑坡运动进行调查。提出了模拟砂土沿滑面响应的弹塑性临界状态本构模型。然而，这些模型通常不考虑颗粒破碎，因此只能模拟几毫米滑动位移之前的土壤响应。本工作首次提出了一个经济有效但通用的临界状态本构模型，该模型通过改变颗粒破碎引起的细粒含量变化的临界状态线位置来模拟沿滑动面直至大滑动位移之前的砂响应。通过这种方法，预测了在不排水条件下环剪试验中测得的致密砂土在很大滑动位移下的剧烈强度损失。该模型以文献中提出的关系为基础，以独特的方式组合在一起。因此，大多数模型参数都是定义良好的。通过分析作者最近进行的实验室试验数据，对其他模型关系进行了研究。对该模型进行了数值求解，并在排水和不排水条件下进行了环剪试验。最后，将新的本构模型与最近提出的具有成本效益的模拟地震诱发滑坡运动的滑动系统模型相结合。应用改进后的方法对潜在失稳模型边坡的地震位移进行了分析，说明了颗粒破碎、排水和砂密度对模型边坡地震位移的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of power infrastructure vulnerability to seismic hazards in China 中国电力基础设施地震易损性风险评估

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110060

Chenyi Liu , Zhe Zhang , Lixin Yi , Jian Liu , Yingchun Dong , Liyuan Wei , Shenggang Yin

This study develops the first county-level quantitative framework for assessing seismic risk to China's power infrastructure, introducing several key methodological innovations. Integrating multi-source data, including spatial distributions of power facilities, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) terrain classification and seismic motion parameters across multiple return periods, the framework establishes China-specific fragility functions calibrated with historical seismic damage data, systematically incorporates terrain-dependent reconstruction costs into transmission line vulnerability assessment, and pioneers the application of dual-dimensional risk metrics at the county level: Annualized Earthquake Loss (AEL) and Annualized Earthquake Loss Ratio (AELR). Focusing on medium-to-low voltage grids (35 kV, 110 kV, and 220 kV) that form the operational backbone of China's power system, the assessment reveals pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seismic risk patterns. Western high-intensity fault zones exhibit elevated levels of both AEL and AELR due to active tectonics and heightened facility vulnerability. Conversely, densely populated eastern coastal regions show high AEL driven by asset concentration but superior resilience reflected in lower AELR. Northwestern and southwestern regions are primarily subject to cumulative risk from frequent moderate to small earthquakes, while the southeastern coast is more susceptible to extreme long return-period events. Notably, 220 kV substations exhibit disproportionately high vulnerability despite lower asset proportions. This framework provides a robust scientific basis and decision support for optimizing seismic resource allocation and enhancing power system resilience management across China.

本研究开发了第一个县级定量框架，用于评估中国电力基础设施的地震风险，介绍了几个关键的方法创新。该框架整合多源数据，包括电力设施的空间分布、数字高程模型（DEM）地形分类和多个回归期的地震运动参数，建立了中国特有的易损性函数，并以历史地震震害数据进行校准，系统地将地形相关重建成本纳入输电线路易损性评估；并率先在县一级应用二维风险指标：年化地震损失（AEL）和年化地震损失率（AELR）。以构成中国电力系统运行骨干的中低压电网（35千伏、110千伏和220千伏）为重点，评估揭示了地震风险模式的明显空间异质性。西部高强度断裂带由于活动构造和设施易损性的增加而表现出较高的AEL和AELR水平。相反，人口密集的东部沿海地区在资产集中的驱动下，AEL较高，但弹性较好，反映在AELR较低。西北和西南地区主要受到频繁的中小型地震的累积风险，而东南沿海地区更容易受到极端的长周期事件的影响。值得注意的是，尽管资产比例较低，但220千伏变电站却表现出不成比例的高脆弱性。该框架为优化地震资源配置和加强电力系统弹性管理提供了有力的科学依据和决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Refined tower mass coefficient for natural frequency of offshore wind turbines with SSI and P–Δ 带SSI和P的海上风力发电机固有频率的精细化塔质量系数-Δ

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110118

Abdullah Kürşat Demi̇r , Can Elmar Balas

One of the most critical aspects in the dynamic design of offshore wind turbines is the accurate determination of the first natural frequency. A key factor in this analysis is the inclusion of the tower mass in the dynamic model through appropriate mass-participation coefficients. In previous studies, these coefficients were derived under similar assumptions and have typically shown close numerical values. In the present study, the proposed coefficient differs by approximately 8–12 % from those reported in the literature and has been validated using data from turbines with various rated capacities, ranging from early designs to modern large-scale systems. The analysis further demonstrates that, when soil effects are considered, this coefficient should not be treated as a constant but rather as a function of soil stiffness and foundation displacement. Additionally, the influence of increasing rotor diameters—associated with higher rotor–nacelle–assembly (RNA) mass—and taller tower geometries is investigated in relation to the P–Δ effect (i.e., the global second-order geometric nonlinearity caused by axial load acting on the laterally displaced tower). Although these effects vary with tower dimensions and rated power, their overall influence on the natural frequency remains below 3 %. The findings indicate that the proposed coefficient enables more accurate estimation of the dynamic behavior of next-generation offshore wind turbines and can serve as a reliable correction parameter for preliminary design and resonance-free frequency assessment.

海上风力发电机动态设计中最关键的一个方面是第一固有频率的准确确定。该分析的一个关键因素是通过适当的质量参与系数将塔的质量纳入动力模型。在以前的研究中，这些系数是在类似的假设下推导出来的，通常显示出接近的数值。在本研究中，所提出的系数与文献报道的系数相差约8 - 12%，并已使用从早期设计到现代大型系统的各种额定容量涡轮机的数据进行了验证。分析进一步表明，当考虑土的影响时，该系数不应视为常数，而应视为土刚度和基础位移的函数。此外，增加转子直径（与更高的转子-机舱组件（RNA）质量相关）和更高的塔架几何形状的影响，研究了P -Δ效应（即，由轴向载荷作用于侧向位移的塔架引起的全局二阶几何非线性）。尽管这些影响随塔的尺寸和额定功率而变化，但它们对固有频率的总体影响仍低于3%。研究结果表明，所提出的系数可以更准确地估计下一代海上风力涡轮机的动态特性，并可以作为初步设计和无谐振频率评估的可靠校正参数。

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引用次数: 0

Toward explainable pile buckling capacity prediction in liquefiable strata: Integrating a hybrid framework of AutoML and SHAP 可液化地层中可解释桩屈曲能力预测：AutoML和SHAP混合框架的集成

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110116

Shengkun Wang , Zexiong Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xueyou Li

To overcome the reliance on empirical assumptions and computational costs in existing solutions, this study proposes an explainable machine learning framework for predicting pile buckling capacity in liquefiable strata. A buckling capacity dataset (800 datapoints) calculated from well-validated numerical method was utilized to train and test eight machine learning models. Input features included not only parameters related to pile-soil-structure, but also intensity measures related to ground motion. Subsequently, the predictive performance of models was appraised on the testing dataset using six evaluation metrics, and the prediction error of models was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the used Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) model outperformed all other models. After that, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique was integrated into the AutoML framework to quantify the contributions of input features to model predictions from both global and local perspectives. Based on SHAP analysis results, it was found that the slenderness ratio emerged as the most influential feature on the buckling capacity of piles in liquefied sites. Overall, this framework enables rapid and accurate prediction of pile buckling capacity and facilitates the optimization of pile design in practical engineering.

为了克服现有解决方案对经验假设和计算成本的依赖，本研究提出了一个可解释的机器学习框架，用于预测可液化地层中桩的屈曲能力。利用经过验证的数值方法计算出的屈曲能力数据集（800个数据点）来训练和测试8个机器学习模型。输入特征不仅包括桩土结构相关参数，还包括地震动相关强度指标。随后，在测试数据集上使用6个评价指标对模型的预测性能进行评价，并对模型的预测误差进行分析。结果表明，所使用的自动机器学习（AutoML）模型优于所有其他模型。之后，SHapley加性解释（SHAP）技术被集成到AutoML框架中，从全局和局部角度量化输入特征对模型预测的贡献。基于SHAP分析结果，发现长细比是液化场地桩基屈曲能力影响最大的特征。总体而言，该框架能够快速准确地预测桩的屈曲能力，有利于实际工程中桩的优化设计。

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引用次数: 0

Seismic response of offshore wind turbine supported by tetrapod piled jacket foundations in clays considering scour 考虑冲刷的粘土四足桩套基础海上风力发电机地震响应

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110004

Xinglei Cheng , Jiashuo Liu , Guosheng Wang , Ruiqing Lang , Dechun Lu , Xiuli Du

Tetrapod-piled jacket foundations present significant potential for deploying OWTs in deeper waters (20–50 m) due to their high structural rigidity and robust overturning resistance. When situated in seismically active zones, these foundations experience not only wave and current induced scour but also seismic hazards. This research utilizes advanced 3D finite element modeling to examine the influence of seismic spectral properties and scour depth variations on the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). Key findings reveal: The tetrapod-piled jacket OWT undergoes substantial vibration displacements during seismic excitation, yet exhibits minimal residual displacements post-event. Windward and leeward piles undergo alternating uplift/downward displacement cycles during seismic events, generating differential settlements that induce transient global tilt. Structural displacement/acceleration responses are governed by response spectra values at the pile top corresponding to the fundamental natural period of OWT. Seismic wave spectral composition exerts pronounced influence on pile shaft internal forces and displacements. Progressive scour depth amplification increases peak lateral displacement, bending moment, and acceleration, primarily attributed to scour-degraded lateral soil resistance. These insights advance resilience-focused design strategies for tetrapod-jacket OWTs in seismic regions.

由于其高结构刚度和强大的抗倾覆能力，四足桩夹套基础在深水（20-50米）中具有巨大的应用潜力。当这些基础处于地震活动区时，不仅会受到波浪和电流的冲刷，而且还会受到地震的危害。本研究利用先进的三维有限元模型来研究地震频谱特性和冲刷深度变化对海上风力涡轮机（OWTs）动力性能的影响。主要研究结果表明：四足堆夹套OWT在地震激励期间经历了大量的振动位移，但在地震激励后表现出最小的残余位移。在地震事件中，迎风和背风桩经历交替的隆起/向下位移循环，产生不同的沉降，导致瞬态全球倾斜。结构的位移/加速度响应受桩顶响应谱值的支配，而桩顶响应谱值对应于桩身的基本自然周期。地震波谱组成对桩身内力和位移有显著影响。冲刷深度的逐渐扩大增加了峰值侧向位移、弯矩和加速度，这主要归因于冲刷退化的侧向土阻力。这些见解推动了震区四足套套油管以弹性为重点的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic evaluation of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction using 3D spatial variability modeling and performance-based design: A case study from İzmir, Türkiye 利用三维空间变异性模型和基于性能的设计进行地震诱发土壤液化的概率评估：以İzmir， t<s:1> rkiye为例

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.110062

Şahin Çağlar Tuna

This study develops a comprehensive probabilistic, performance-based framework for assessing earthquake-induced soil liquefaction by explicitly incorporating spatial variability through semivariogram-calibrated three-dimensional Gaussian Random Fields (3D GRFs). A dataset of 52 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) boreholes from İzmir, Türkiye was processed to generate Monte Carlo simulations that capture the stochastic nature of soil resistance. Liquefaction susceptibility was quantified using three complementary indicators: the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI), reflecting potential surface deformation; the Damage Severity Index (DSI), linking severity to engineering performance thresholds; and the depth-averaged probability of liquefaction P(Liq), representing occurrence likelihood across different seismic intensities. Fragility functions were developed using both logistic regression and Monte Carlo–GRF simulations, and subsequently coupled with site-specific seismic hazard curves to derive annualized liquefaction risk metrics expressed in return-period format. Results highlight the nonlinear escalation of liquefaction severity with increasing seismic demand, accompanied by a systematic growth of epistemic uncertainty. Scenario-based probabilistic mapping revealed spatial hot spots of susceptibility and variance, underlining the value of incorporating correlation structures in liquefaction hazard assessment. Validation against field evidence from the 2020 Samos Earthquake confirmed the predictive reliability of the framework, with GRF-based simulations producing results consistent with reconnaissance observations in İzmir Bay and surrounding coastal sites. Overall, the proposed framework advances methodological clarity and provides actionable contributions for seismic microzonation, regional hazard mapping, and performance-based geotechnical design, supporting the development of more resilient infrastructure in earthquake-prone urban environments.

本研究通过半变差校准的三维高斯随机场（3D GRFs）明确地结合空间变异性，开发了一个全面的概率性、基于性能的框架，用于评估地震诱发的土壤液化。研究人员对来自İzmir、 rkiye的52个标准穿透测试（SPT）井的数据集进行了处理，生成蒙特卡罗模拟，以捕捉土壤阻力的随机特性。液化敏感性采用三个互补指标进行量化：反映潜在地表变形的液化潜力指数（LPI）；损坏严重程度指数（DSI），将严重程度与工程性能阈值联系起来；和深度平均液化概率P(Liq)，表示不同地震烈度发生的可能性。脆弱性函数使用逻辑回归和Monte Carlo-GRF模拟开发，随后与特定地点的地震危险曲线相结合，得出以回报期格式表示的年化液化风险指标。结果表明，随着地震需求的增加，液化严重程度呈非线性上升，并伴随着认知不确定性的系统性增长。基于场景的概率映射揭示了易感性和变异的空间热点，强调了在液化危害评估中纳入相关结构的价值。根据2020年萨莫斯地震的现场证据进行验证，证实了该框架的预测可靠性，基于grf的模拟产生的结果与İzmir湾及周边沿海地区的侦察观测结果一致。总体而言，拟议的框架提高了方法的清晰度，并为地震微区划、区域灾害测绘和基于性能的岩土工程设计提供了可操作的贡献，支持在地震多发城市环境中开发更具弹性的基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

A poroelastic half-space model for dynamic pile–soil interaction problem 桩土动力相互作用问题的孔弹性半空间模型

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110115

Pengcheng Fu , Juntao Wu , Weikai Zhao , Kuihua Wang , Lvjun Tang , Xiaonan Gong

A poroelastic half-space soil model excited by known vibration (P-HEKV) solution scheme is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of saturated soil around a vertically vibrating pile. The solution procedure consisted of two stages: first, an analytical solution for the pile response under vertical excitation was derived using a plane-strain model of saturated soil; then, the obtained pile vibration was employed as input to the poroelastic half-space system, where the dynamic response of the saturated soil was derived through the Fourier–Hankel integral transform. The proposed solution showed excellent agreement with existing analytical results under various comparison situations. The validated model was then used to compare the dynamic soil responses induced by pile shaft defects with those caused by soil interlayers. The comparison results demonstrated that abnormalities in the time-depth profiles of vertical soil skeleton velocity alone cannot reliably distinguish whether anomalies arise from pile defects or soil interlayers. Instead, joint interpretation including amplitude variations in pore water pressure time-depth profiles was essential for accurate diagnosis. The findings of this study are expected to offer theoretical support for the design of vibration isolation in saturated soils around piles and improve the interpretation of parallel seismic testing data.

为了研究垂直振动桩周围饱和土的动力响应，提出了一种已知振动激励下的半空间孔弹性土模型（P-HEKV）求解方案。求解过程分为两个阶段：首先，利用饱和土的平面应变模型，推导了竖向激励下桩基响应的解析解；然后，将得到的桩身振动作为输入输入到孔弹性半空间系统中，通过Fourier-Hankel积分变换得到饱和土的动力响应。在各种比较情况下，所提出的解与已有的分析结果吻合良好。利用该模型比较了桩身缺陷引起的土体动力响应与土体夹层引起的土体动力响应。对比结果表明，单靠竖向土骨架速度的时间-深度异常不能可靠地区分异常是由桩缺陷引起的，还是由土夹层引起的。相反，包括孔隙水压力时间-深度剖面振幅变化在内的联合解释对于准确诊断至关重要。研究结果有望为桩周饱和土隔振设计提供理论支持，并提高平行地震试验数据的解释水平。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on evolution mechanism of air injection desaturation region: physical experiments and twophase flow simulation 注气脱饱和区演化机理研究：物理实验与两相流模拟

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110114

Ruihan Shen , Yumin Chen , Junwei Guo , Saeed Sarajpoor , Runze Chen

Soil desaturation method has been proven to be an effective technology for mitigating liquefaction and improving the liquefaction resistance of sand. This method reduces saturation by injecting air bubbles into the soil and ultimately reduces the generation of excess pore water pressure during earthquakes. This study investigates the possible mechanism of air migration under the influence of different loads. The influence of different loads on changes in physical quantity, saturation distribution, contour of saturation variation and air entrapment capacity (AEC) during air-injection desaturation process was studied by conducting the test using Silica 7# sand, which is similar to the particle size and gradation of Toyoura sand. In addition, a two-phase flow model was established to simulate the physical test. The results show that the air migration caused by the air injection desaturation can be divided into three stages according to the volume of the trapped air, and the overlying load may affect air migration and increase the ability of soil to trap air. High-density resistivity tomography illustrates the differences in saturation distribution caused by load and confirms that the transverse air chamber flow is the main migration pattern. The established gas-liquid two-phase flow model is verified to predict the evolution of the desaturation region during injection. The air entrapment capacity (AEC) index verified the beneficial effect of the overlying-load on bubble retention, with the AEC value increasing by up to 31 % compared to the no-load condition.

土壤去饱和法已被证明是一种有效的缓解液化和提高砂土抗液化能力的技术。该方法通过向土中注入气泡来降低饱和，最终减少地震时超孔隙水压力的产生。本文探讨了不同载荷作用下空气迁移的可能机制。采用与土优拉砂粒径和级配相似的二氧化硅7#砂进行试验，研究了不同载荷对注气脱饱和过程中物理量、饱和度分布、饱和度变化轮廓和截留气量（AEC）变化的影响。此外，建立了两相流模型来模拟物理试验。结果表明：注气失饱和引起的空气迁移根据截留空气的体积可分为3个阶段，上覆荷载会影响空气迁移，增加土壤截留空气的能力；高密度电阻率层析成像显示了载荷引起的饱和度分布差异，并证实了横向气室流是主要的运移模式。验证了所建立的气液两相流模型能够预测注入过程中脱饱和区的演化。空气截留能力（AEC）指数证实了上载对气泡截留的有利影响，与空载条件相比，AEC值增加了31%。

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引用次数: 0

Normalized response spectrum of near-fault pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) based on PGA and PGD attenuation 基于PGA和PGD衰减的近断层脉状地震动归一化响应谱

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2026.110109

Yuhe Zou , Dongsheng Wang , Xiaoyu Chen , Jiancheng Dai , Lei Tong , Bojia Sun , Jianyu Zhang

Near-fault pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs), characterized by pronounced velocity pulses, increase demand on the seismic design of mid-to long-period structures. Although conventional design spectrum and normalization methods have improved the smoothness and comparability of spectral shapes, they still do not sufficiently capture pulse effects and exhibit limitations in terms of continuity, generality, and parameter independence. To address these issues, this study proposes a direction-independent normalized pseudo-velocity response spectrum (PSv_n) prediction model. The model employs continuous functions to systematically characterize spectral features and adopts a hybrid calibration strategy that combines genetic algorithms with gradient-based optimization. The results show the proposed model accurately reproduces the spectrum peak period, amplitude, and long-period decay trend, showing stable predictions and good adaptability. By incorporating peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground displacement (PGD) attenuation relationships applicable to near-fault ground motions, the model can be extended to simultaneously predict absolute spectrum and provide both median and conservative (+1 standard deviation spectrum) spectral values. This offers a reliable tool for performance-based seismic design of structures under near-fault ground motions. Finally, the study quantitatively decomposes the prediction error variance into relative contributions from spectral shape, PGA, and PGD.

近断层脉状地震动以速度脉冲明显为特征，增加了对中长期结构抗震设计的要求。尽管传统的设计光谱和归一化方法提高了光谱形状的平滑性和可比性，但它们仍然不能充分捕捉脉冲效应，并且在连续性、一般性和参数独立性方面存在局限性。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一个方向无关的归一化伪速度响应谱（PSvn）预测模型。该模型采用连续函数系统表征光谱特征，采用遗传算法与梯度优化相结合的混合标定策略。结果表明，该模型准确再现了光谱峰周期、幅值和长周期衰减趋势，预测稳定，适应性好。通过结合适用于近断层地震动的峰值地加速度（PGA）和峰值地位移（PGD）衰减关系，该模型可以扩展到同时预测绝对谱，并提供中位数和保守（+1标准差谱）谱值。这为近断层地震动下基于性能的结构抗震设计提供了可靠的工具。最后，将预测误差方差定量分解为光谱形状、PGA和PGD的相对贡献。

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引用次数: 0