The story of the rich glutton Dives and the poor beggar Lazarus (Luke 16:19–31) was a popular subject in sermons, pamphlets, poems and ballads in early modern England. This article is the first substantial analysis of how the short but powerful biblical narrative was adapted and explained over the course of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows that—despite the huge religious, social and economic changes of this period—the message remained remarkably consistent. The beggar Lazarus himself was always depicted as a straightforwardly positive figure, offering an unusually clear association of poverty with virtue. However, many authors also used him to present a model of acceptable behaviour that imposed severe limits on the agency of the poor, and some turned him into a foil to criticise sharply those who failed to conform to such a model. Meanwhile, most portrayals of the rich man Dives presented his sinful misuse of his wealth as a lesson about not only the dangers of luxury but also the virtue of charity. A few authors offered more extreme interpretations that fitted with their specific circumstances, including radical condemnations of the rich and powerful during the political unrest of the mid-seventeenth century. Even more noticeable, however, is the striking resilience of a very ‘traditional’ core message, which previous scholarship on early modern religious attitudes towards wealth and poverty has tended to neglect.
{"title":"Riches and Poverty in English Protestant Culture, c.1550–1800: Vernacularising the Parable of Dives and Lazarus","authors":"David Hitchcock, Brodie Waddell","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The story of the rich glutton Dives and the poor beggar Lazarus (Luke 16:19–31) was a popular subject in sermons, pamphlets, poems and ballads in early modern England. This article is the first substantial analysis of how the short but powerful biblical narrative was adapted and explained over the course of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows that—despite the huge religious, social and economic changes of this period—the message remained remarkably consistent. The beggar Lazarus himself was always depicted as a straightforwardly positive figure, offering an unusually clear association of poverty with virtue. However, many authors also used him to present a model of acceptable behaviour that imposed severe limits on the agency of the poor, and some turned him into a foil to criticise sharply those who failed to conform to such a model. Meanwhile, most portrayals of the rich man Dives presented his sinful misuse of his wealth as a lesson about not only the dangers of luxury but also the virtue of charity. A few authors offered more extreme interpretations that fitted with their specific circumstances, including radical condemnations of the rich and powerful during the political unrest of the mid-seventeenth century. Even more noticeable, however, is the striking resilience of a very ‘traditional’ core message, which previous scholarship on early modern religious attitudes towards wealth and poverty has tended to neglect.","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies of important intellectual figures often debate the influence of their thought but are not always attuned to the ways in which their writings might be re-appropriated by different individuals and groups for their own purposes. This article explores John Locke’s connection with the early Quaker movement and how members of the Society of Friends made use of Locke’s works to reinforce their own institutional identity. In so doing, it makes use of a letter supposedly penned by Locke to a Quaker minister, Rebecca Collier, to explore the many ways in which Locke’s reputation became incorporated into the institutional memory of the movement. This letter has traditionally been regarded as spurious, and Rebecca Collier and her companion, Rachel Breckon, as fictional, yet new evidence uncovered from the minute books of the York and Scarborough Monthly Meetings—where Rebecca Collier and Rachel Breckon were, respectively, members—adds another layer of complexity to this story. Using copies of the letter and written Quaker discourse, as well as arguments drawn from Locke’s philosophical and theological writings, this article unravels the many ways in which the letter had an afterlife beyond Locke and the relatively unknown female preacher to whom it was addressed. It contributes to the existing scholarship on John Locke and early Quakerism by showing the long-term reception of Locke’s biblical hermeneutics, especially his views on female preaching documented in his posthumous Paraphrase and Notes, and his influence on Quaker thought.
{"title":"The Quaker Reception of John Locke and the Eighteenth-Century Debate over Women’s Preaching","authors":"Naomi Pullin","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Studies of important intellectual figures often debate the influence of their thought but are not always attuned to the ways in which their writings might be re-appropriated by different individuals and groups for their own purposes. This article explores John Locke’s connection with the early Quaker movement and how members of the Society of Friends made use of Locke’s works to reinforce their own institutional identity. In so doing, it makes use of a letter supposedly penned by Locke to a Quaker minister, Rebecca Collier, to explore the many ways in which Locke’s reputation became incorporated into the institutional memory of the movement. This letter has traditionally been regarded as spurious, and Rebecca Collier and her companion, Rachel Breckon, as fictional, yet new evidence uncovered from the minute books of the York and Scarborough Monthly Meetings—where Rebecca Collier and Rachel Breckon were, respectively, members—adds another layer of complexity to this story. Using copies of the letter and written Quaker discourse, as well as arguments drawn from Locke’s philosophical and theological writings, this article unravels the many ways in which the letter had an afterlife beyond Locke and the relatively unknown female preacher to whom it was addressed. It contributes to the existing scholarship on John Locke and early Quakerism by showing the long-term reception of Locke’s biblical hermeneutics, especially his views on female preaching documented in his posthumous Paraphrase and Notes, and his influence on Quaker thought.","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"15 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compulsory Empire: Imperial Histories of Globalisation and the Globalisation of the United States","authors":"Stephen Tuffnell","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"16 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Student Life in Nineteenth-Century Cambridge: John Wright’s Alma Mater, ed. and intr. by Christopher Stray","authors":"W. Lubenow","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heretical Orthodoxy: Lev Tolstoi and the Russian Orthodox Church, By Pål Kolstø","authors":"G. M. Hamburg","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"139 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the Battle of Evesham (4 August 1265) the army of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, was annihilated and his body dismembered, his head, testicles, a hand and a foot taken as ‘dark trophies’ by his enemies. The battle ended the ‘first English revolution’, in which a party of barons and bishops seized control of government from King Henry III and established a council to rule England. This article addresses the treatment of Simon’s remains. First, it considers critical evidence, the Opusculum de nobili Simone de Monte Forti, a tract produced in support of Simon’s cult at the Cistercian abbey of Melrose. Revealing how the Opusculum was researched and sponsored, it roots the vitality of Simon’s cult in the Anglo-Scottish borders, in the affinity with ancient Northumbria of the cross-border network that contributed to the tract. Secondly, it deploys the Opusculum to examine the Evesham dark trophy process, locating it within the socio-military culture of the Anglo-Welsh marches. Thirdly, it shows how the treatment of Simon’s body was implemented in response to a Montfortian policy of expediency that attempted the takeover of the Welsh Marches in alliance with the Welsh. It was not only England’s constitutional future at stake in August 1265, but also the balance of power in the British Isles. The first English revolution should thus be placed in the context of a British, rather than an English, war.
在埃弗舍姆战役（1265 年 8 月 4 日）中，莱斯特伯爵西蒙-蒙特福特的军队全军覆没，他的尸体被肢解，他的头颅、睾丸、一只手和一只脚被敌人当作 "黑暗战利品"。这场战役结束了 "第一次英格兰革命"，在这场革命中，一群男爵和主教从国王亨利三世手中夺取了政府的控制权，并成立了一个委员会来统治英格兰。本文论述了对西蒙遗骸的处理。首先，文章探讨了关键证据--《Opusculum de nobili Simone de Monte Forti》，这是一本支持梅尔罗斯熙笃会修道院对西蒙的崇拜的小册子。该书揭示了《Opusculum》的研究和赞助过程，将西蒙崇拜的生命力根植于盎格鲁-苏格兰边界，并将其与古代诺森布里亚的跨境网络联系起来，为该小册子做出了贡献。其次，它利用 Opusculum 来研究埃弗舍姆黑暗战利品的制作过程，将其定位在盎格鲁-威尔士行军的社会军事文化中。第三，它说明了对西蒙尸体的处理是如何回应蒙特福特的权宜之计政策的，该政策试图与威尔士人结盟接管威尔士各处。1265年8月，这不仅关系到英格兰的宪法未来，也关系到不列颠群岛的权力平衡。因此，第一次英国革命应放在英国战争而非英国战争的背景下来看待。
{"title":"The Dark Trophies of The Battle of Evesham, the Northumbrian Cult of Simon de Montfort and the War of the Welsh Marches (1264–1265)","authors":"Sophie Thérèse Ambler","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At the Battle of Evesham (4 August 1265) the army of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, was annihilated and his body dismembered, his head, testicles, a hand and a foot taken as ‘dark trophies’ by his enemies. The battle ended the ‘first English revolution’, in which a party of barons and bishops seized control of government from King Henry III and established a council to rule England. This article addresses the treatment of Simon’s remains. First, it considers critical evidence, the Opusculum de nobili Simone de Monte Forti, a tract produced in support of Simon’s cult at the Cistercian abbey of Melrose. Revealing how the Opusculum was researched and sponsored, it roots the vitality of Simon’s cult in the Anglo-Scottish borders, in the affinity with ancient Northumbria of the cross-border network that contributed to the tract. Secondly, it deploys the Opusculum to examine the Evesham dark trophy process, locating it within the socio-military culture of the Anglo-Welsh marches. Thirdly, it shows how the treatment of Simon’s body was implemented in response to a Montfortian policy of expediency that attempted the takeover of the Welsh Marches in alliance with the Welsh. It was not only England’s constitutional future at stake in August 1265, but also the balance of power in the British Isles. The first English revolution should thus be placed in the context of a British, rather than an English, war.","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inventing the Third World: In Search of Freedom for the Postwar Global South, By ed. Gyan Prakash, and Jeremy Adelman","authors":"Carolien Stolte","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hollywood and Israel: A History, by Tony Shaw and Giora Goodman","authors":"J. E. Smyth","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"111 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article establishes equanimity as an important emotional ideal in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In showing how equanimity served to strengthen positive emotions and temper disruptive states, it promotes a more positive view of the era’s emotional landscape. The article employs the pursuit of equanimity as an intimate analytical device for uncovering the agency of ordinary people, and thus offers historians a new perspective on momentous change and adversity in the early modern period. It charts personal experiences of adversity—from physical and spiritual threats to familial disputes, uncertain patriarchal power and economic precarity—alongside individual management of religious, social and political change following the English Reformations and during the Civil War. Where other scholars have examined how different social groups reactively negotiated new realities, this microhistorical study of one gentry family in the North West of England urges historians to refocus their attention on the proactive courses that people took. Through a detailed examination of 541 manuscript letters, domestic decorative schemes, and archaeological evidence of ritual practices of protection, the article uncovers how the Moretons of Little Moreton Hall in Cheshire managed change and mitigated disaster. It discusses instances where equanimity played a persistent role in motivating the family’s actions and behaviours in daily life, and argues that practices designed to promote emotional harmony were crucial for preserving kinship networks and managing personal well-being, as well as gender relations within households, in early modern England.
{"title":"In Pursuit of Equanimity: Managing Change and Adversity in Early Modern English Households, c.1570–c.1670","authors":"Abigail Greenall","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article establishes equanimity as an important emotional ideal in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In showing how equanimity served to strengthen positive emotions and temper disruptive states, it promotes a more positive view of the era’s emotional landscape. The article employs the pursuit of equanimity as an intimate analytical device for uncovering the agency of ordinary people, and thus offers historians a new perspective on momentous change and adversity in the early modern period. It charts personal experiences of adversity—from physical and spiritual threats to familial disputes, uncertain patriarchal power and economic precarity—alongside individual management of religious, social and political change following the English Reformations and during the Civil War. Where other scholars have examined how different social groups reactively negotiated new realities, this microhistorical study of one gentry family in the North West of England urges historians to refocus their attention on the proactive courses that people took. Through a detailed examination of 541 manuscript letters, domestic decorative schemes, and archaeological evidence of ritual practices of protection, the article uncovers how the Moretons of Little Moreton Hall in Cheshire managed change and mitigated disaster. It discusses instances where equanimity played a persistent role in motivating the family’s actions and behaviours in daily life, and argues that practices designed to promote emotional harmony were crucial for preserving kinship networks and managing personal well-being, as well as gender relations within households, in early modern England.","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"37 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise of Mass Advertising, Law, Enchantment and the Cultural Boundaries of British Modernity, by Anat Rosenberg","authors":"Erika Rappaport","doi":"10.1093/ehr/ceae095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507076,"journal":{"name":"The English Historical Review","volume":"83 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：