Topics in Language Disorders最新文献

英文中文

Native American Caregivers' Developmental Priorities for Young Children 美国原住民保育员对幼儿发展的优先考虑

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000247

K. Ferris, Mark M. Guiberson, E. Bush

Native American tribes and families are highly pluralistic in their ideologies, beliefs, traditions, and values. Very little research has described the parenting and child-rearing beliefs of Native American caregivers. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of Native American caregivers' developmental priorities and preferences regarding their young children's development. Participants included 21 Native American caregivers from a reservation in the Mountain West region of the United States. Ethnographic interviewing techniques described by C. E. Westby (1990) were used to collect caregiver perspectives. Through the use of a naturalistic inquiry paradigm, the process of template analysis was used to organize concepts and identify central themes and subthemes regarding caregivers' priorities and preferences for their children's development. The following 4 themes were identified: (a) supporting Native culture and language preservation, (b) teaching preacademic skills, (c) acquiring social and emotional competence, and (d) teaching self-care and independence. Clinical implications based on these themes and subthemes are discussed in the context of intervention with young Native American children and their families.

美洲土著部落和家庭在意识形态、信仰、传统和价值观方面高度多元化。很少有研究描述了美国土著看护人的育儿和育儿信念。本研究的目的是为了了解美洲原住民照顾者在幼儿发展方面的发展优先级和偏好。参与者包括21名来自美国西部山区保留地的美洲原住民看护人。C. E. Westby(1990)描述的民族志访谈技术被用来收集照顾者的观点。通过使用自然主义探究范式，使用模板分析过程来组织概念，并确定关于照顾者对儿童发展的优先事项和偏好的中心主题和副主题。确定了以下4个主题:(a)支持土著文化和语言保护，(b)教授学前技能，(c)获得社交和情感能力，以及(d)教授自我照顾和独立。基于这些主题和次主题的临床意义讨论在干预的背景下与年轻的美国土著儿童和他们的家庭。

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引用次数: 3

Production of Narratives by At-Risk American Indian Children in the Midwest 中西部处境危险的美国印第安儿童的叙事作品

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000252

Grace McConnell, D. Loeb

The narratives of two groups of 28 American Indian children attending a Midwestern Bureau of Indian Affairs school (16 with a mean age of 5;10 years, and 12 with a mean age of 7;8 years) were examined in three contexts: retell, fictional with sequence pictures, and fictional with one picture. The narratives were examined in terms of microstructure (e.g., total number of utterances, total number of words, total number of communication units, and mean length of utterance in words and morphemes), macrostructure, and evaluative elements, which are used by speakers to link events, comment on events and characters, and inform the listener on how to interpret the story. Differences among story task contexts also were evaluated. The narratives of American Indian students differed between age groups and across tasks. The older children produced narratives with longer mean length of utterances in morphemes and more evaluative elements. The older children also produced more end-at-high-point stories, whereas the younger children produced more chronological narratives. Both age groups responded with longer and more complex narratives when generating fictional stories with visual support. Clinical implications are provided for adjusting narrative assessment tasks to be more culturally appropriate for children by modifying the task demands, increasing the role of the listener, and adding cultural relevance to stories.

两组28名就读于中西部印第安事务局学校的美国印第安儿童（16名平均年龄5岁；10岁，12名平均年龄7岁；8岁）的故事在三种背景下进行了研究：复述、用序列图片虚构和用一张图片虚构。叙事从微观结构（如话语总数、单词总数、交际单位总数、单词和词素的平均话语长度）、宏观结构和评价元素等方面进行了检查，说话者使用这些因素来联系事件、评论事件和人物，并告知听众如何解读故事。还评估了故事任务情境之间的差异。美国印度学生的叙述在不同年龄组和不同任务之间存在差异。年龄较大的儿童产生的叙述具有较长的语素平均话语长度和更多的评价元素。年龄较大的孩子也产生了更多的高潮故事，而年龄较小的孩子产生了更多按时间顺序排列的故事。在生成具有视觉支持的虚构故事时，这两个年龄组的反应都是更长、更复杂的叙事。通过修改任务需求、增加听众的角色以及增加故事的文化相关性，为调整叙事评估任务提供了临床意义，使其在文化上更适合儿童。

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引用次数: 3

Augmenting Communicative Environments for People With Acquired Neurogenic Disorders 增强获得性神经源性疾病患者的交流环境

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000245

Julie A. Hengst, Martha Sherrill

引用次数: 2

Advances in Discourse Analysis Related to Neurogenic Disorders 与神经源性疾病相关的语篇分析研究进展

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000239

引用次数: 0

Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Cerebrovascular Disease Using Spoken Discourse Production 利用口语语篇生成预测脑血管病患者的认知障碍

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000242

A. Roberts, Katharine Aveni, Shalane R Basque, J. Orange, P. McLaughlin, J. Ramirez, A. Troyer, Stephanie Gutierrez, Angie Chen, R. Bartha, M. Binns, S. Black, L. Casaubon, D. Dowlatshahi, A. Hassan, D. Kwan, B. Levine, J. Mandzia, D. Sahlas, C. Scott, S. Strother, K. Sunderland, S. Symons, R. Swartz

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Purpose: Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is common. Detecting early cognitive decline in CVD is critical because addressing risk factors may slow or prevent dementia. This study used a multidomain discourse analysis approach to determine the spoken language signature of CVD-related cognitive impairment. Method: Spoken language and neuropsychological assessment data were collected prospectively from 157 participants with CVD as part of the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative, a longitudinal, observational study of neurodegenerative disease. Participants were categorized as impaired (n = 92) or cognitively normal for age (n = 65) based on neuropsychology criteria. Spoken language samples were transcribed orthographically and annotated for 13 discourse features, across five domains. Discriminant function analyses were used to determine a minimum set of discourse variables, and their estimated weights, for maximizing diagnostic group separation. Results: The optimal discriminant function that included 10 of 13 discourse measures correctly classified 78.3% of original cases (69.4% cross-validated cases) with a sensitivity of 77.2% and specificity of 80.0%. Conclusion: Spoken discourse appears to be a sensitive measure for detecting cognitive impairment in CVD with measures of productivity, information content, and information efficiency heavily weighted in the final algorithm.

文本中提供了补充数字内容。目的：脑血管疾病引起的痴呆是常见的。发现CVD的早期认知能力下降至关重要，因为解决风险因素可以减缓或预防痴呆。本研究采用多领域语篇分析方法来确定心血管疾病相关认知障碍的口语特征。方法：前瞻性地收集157名CVD参与者的口语和神经心理评估数据，作为安大略省神经退行性疾病研究计划的一部分，该计划是一项关于神经退行性病变的纵向观察性研究。根据神经心理学标准，参与者被分为受损（n=92）或认知正常（n=65）。口语样本被正字法转录并注释了五个领域的13个话语特征。判别函数分析用于确定最小的话语变量集及其估计权重，以最大限度地提高诊断组的分离度。结果：包含13个话语测量中的10个的最优判别函数正确地分类了78.3%的原始病例（69.4%的交叉验证病例），敏感性为77.2%，特异性为80.0%，并且信息效率在最终算法中被严重加权。

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引用次数: 2

Narrative Discourse Intervention After Traumatic Brain Injury 颅脑损伤后的叙事话语干预

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000241

J. Steel, Elise Elbourn, L. Togher

Purpose: Narrative discourse (e.g., telling anecdotes or relating personal events) comprises a key part of social interaction and is commonly affected after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research over the past decades has enabled improved characterization of discourse impairment after TBI, but a critical lack of research into discourse intervention approaches remains. Methods: This systematic review examined empirical research on narrative discourse intervention after TBI. Searches were conducted on EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed for original research on spoken narrative discourse treatment, where at least 50% of the study participants were adults with TBI. Results: Of 519 screened articles, six studies met criteria: three single case studies and three case series studies. Interventions incorporated metacognitive and metalinguistic theoretic principles, with a focus on understanding the structure and elements of narratives. Active components of treatments are discussed and compared in relation to existing narrative discourse treatment programs for other neurological communication disorders. Conclusions: Although all studies reported gains on some measures for treated narratives following intervention, there were mixed results for effect generalization and/or maintenance. The INCOG guidelines recommend that interventions after TBI should be contextualized and involve personally relevant materials, and this was not evident in the reviewed intervention approaches. Directions are suggested for clinical practice and future research in treating narratives.

目的：叙事话语（例如，讲述轶事或讲述个人事件）是社会互动的关键部分，通常在创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后受到影响。过去几十年的研究已经改善了TBI后话语障碍的表征，但对话语干预方法的研究仍然严重不足。方法：本系统综述考察了TBI后叙事话语干预的实证研究。在EMBASE、CINAHL、PsycINFO和PubMed上搜索口语叙事话语治疗的原始研究，其中至少50%的研究参与者是患有TBI的成年人。结果：在519篇筛选文章中，有6项研究符合标准：3项单一病例研究和3项病例系列研究。干预包括元认知和元语言学理论原则，重点是理解叙事的结构和元素。讨论了治疗的积极成分，并将其与现有的针对其他神经交流障碍的叙述性话语治疗方案进行了比较。结论：尽管所有研究都报告了在干预后对治疗后的叙述的一些测量方面取得了进展，但在效果概括和/或维持方面的结果喜忧参半。INCOG指南建议，TBI后的干预措施应结合具体情况，并涉及个人相关材料，而这在审查的干预方法中并不明显。提出了治疗叙事的临床实践和未来研究方向。

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引用次数: 7

Making Sense of Right Hemisphere Discourse Using RHDBank. 利用 RHDBank 理解右半球话语。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000244

Jamila Minga, Melissa Johnson, Margaret Lehman Blake, Davida Fromm, Brian MacWhinney

Purpose: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) commonly causes pragmatic language disorders that are apparent in discourse production. Specific characteristics and approaches to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders are not well-defined. RHDBank, a shared database of multimedia interactions for the study of communication using discourse, was created to address these gaps. The database, materials, and related analysis programs are free resources to clinicians, researchers, educators, and students.

Method: A standard discourse protocol was developed to elicit multiple types of discourse: free speech, conversation, picture description, storytelling, procedural discourse, and question-asking. Testing included measures of cognition, unilateral neglect, and communicative participation. Language samples were video-recorded and transcribed in CHAT format. Currently, the database includes 24 adults with RHD and 24 controls.

Results: Illustrative analyses show how RHDBank can facilitate research using micro- and macrolinguistic discourse analysis techniques both within this population and across populations. Educational resources, such as the Grand Rounds tutorial, were developed using case studies from the database.

Conclusions: RHDBank is a shared database of resources that can facilitate educational and research efforts to address the gaps in knowledge about RHD communication and improve the clinical management of individuals with RHD.

目的：右半球脑损伤（RHD）通常会导致实用性语言障碍，这种障碍在话语表达中很明显。这些障碍的具体特征以及评估、诊断和治疗方法尚不明确。RHDBank 是一个共享的多媒体互动数据库，用于研究使用话语进行交流的情况。该数据库、资料和相关分析程序是临床医生、研究人员、教育工作者和学生的免费资源：方法：制定了一个标准的话语协议，以诱导多种类型的话语：自由言论、对话、图片描述、讲故事、程序性话语和提问。测试包括认知、单侧忽视和交流参与的测量。语言样本以 CHAT 格式进行录像和转录。目前，该数据库包括 24 名成年 RHD 患者和 24 名对照组患者：结果：说明性分析表明了 RHDBank 如何促进使用微观和宏观语言学话语分析技术对该人群和不同人群进行研究。结论：RHDBank 是一个共享的数据库，它可以为研究人员提供一个可以进行跨学科研究的平台：RHDBank 是一个资源共享数据库，可以促进教育和研究工作，弥补有关 RHD 交流知识的不足，改善 RHD 患者的临床管理。

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引用次数: 0

Personalization of Patient-Provider Communication Across the Lifespan. 贯穿生命周期的医患沟通个性化。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01

Jessica Gormley, Susan Koch Fager

People with disabilities are more likely to be hospitalized and use healthcare services relative to people without disabilities. They also report experiencing negative experiences interacting with health care providers during these encounters placing them at risk for preventable adverse medical events, poor quality of life, and dependence on others. Fortunately, providers and people with communication disabilities can take steps to improve these interactions by personalizing and implementing communication supports to empower people with communication disabilities to actively participate in these interactions and improve outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe strategies that health care providers can use to develop and implement personalized communication supports for children and adults with communication disorders during health care interactions. Additional strategies are provided to guide people with disabilities as well as their community/school providers and families to prepare for health care interactions. Case examples are provided to illustrate use of these strategies in acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, and outpatient settings. The use of emerging training tools (e.g., video visual scene displays) and AAC partner training formats (e.g., just-in-time training) are also presented as future directions to expedite learning and implementation of communication supports in fast-paced and time-limited health care interactions.

与非残疾人相比，残疾人更有可能住院并使用医疗保健服务。他们还报告说，在这些接触中与卫生保健提供者互动的负面经历使他们面临可预防的不良医疗事件、生活质量差和依赖他人的风险。幸运的是，提供者和有沟通障碍的人可以采取措施，通过个性化和实现沟通支持来改善这些互动，从而使有沟通障碍的人能够积极参与这些互动并改善结果。本文的目的是描述卫生保健提供者可以使用的策略，以在卫生保健互动中为患有沟通障碍的儿童和成人开发和实施个性化的沟通支持。还提供了其他战略，以指导残疾人及其社区/学校提供者和家庭为保健互动做好准备。案例示例提供说明使用这些策略在急性护理，住院康复和门诊设置。使用新兴培训工具(例如，视频视觉场景显示)和AAC合作伙伴培训格式(例如，即时培训)也被认为是在快节奏和时间有限的卫生保健互动中加快学习和实施通信支持的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Continuing Education Instructions and Questions 继续教育指导和问题

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000246

引用次数: 0

Measuring Change at the Discourse-Level Following Conversation Treatment 会话处理后语篇水平变化的测量

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Topics in Language Disorders

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000243

G. Dede, Elizabeth Hoover

Purpose: This article reviews four discourse measures and examines whether they are sensitive to impairments in people with both mild and severe aphasia. We also ask whether these measures were sensitive to effects of conversation treatment in two case examples. Method: Two people with aphasia, one mild and fluent and the other severe and nonfluent, served as case studies. Both case studies had participated in conversation treatment, in which individualized goals were targeted in the context of naturalistic conversation-based interactions. Picture descriptions were analyzed using three discourse measures: core lexicon, words per minute, and correct information units. In addition, words per minute and conversation turns were examined in personal narratives produced by the individual with severe nonfluent aphasia in a conversational context. Results: For the individual with mild aphasia, both words per minute and core lexicon were sensitive to the presence of aphasia and treatment changes. For the individual with severe aphasia, all measures were sensitive to the presence of aphasia, but only words per minute and number/type of conversation turns were sensitive to effects of treatment. Discussion/Conclusions: Discourse measures capture relevant aspects of communication that may not be seen on standardized measures of discrete language skills. Given different aphasia profiles and individual communication goals, clinicians need to choose the most relevant, reliable, and informative measures.

目的：本文综述了四种话语测量方法，并考察它们是否对轻度和重度失语症患者的障碍敏感。我们还询问，在两个案例中，这些措施是否对谈话治疗的影响敏感。方法：两名失语症患者，一名轻度流利，另一名重度不流利，作为个案研究。这两个案例研究都参与了对话治疗，在基于自然对话的互动背景下，针对个性化目标。图片描述采用三种话语测量方法进行分析：核心词汇、每分钟单词数和正确信息单元。此外，研究了严重非流畅性失语症患者在会话环境中产生的个人叙事中每分钟的单词数和会话转折。结果：对于轻度失语症患者，每分钟单词数和核心词汇对失语症的存在和治疗变化都很敏感。对于患有严重失语症的患者，所有测量指标都对失语症存在敏感，但只有每分钟的单词数和会话次数/类型对治疗效果敏感。讨论/结论：话语测量捕捉了交际的相关方面，而这些方面在离散语言技能的标准化测量中可能看不到。鉴于失语症的特点和个人沟通目标不同，临床医生需要选择最相关、最可靠、最有信息的测量方法。

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