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Book review: Mangalu Charan Biswal, The Starved 书评:曼加卢·查兰·比斯瓦尔,《饥饿》
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231205401
Alok Ranjan, None Shuchi
Mangalu Charan Biswal, The Starved. Hachette India, 2023, 142 pp., ₹399 (Paperback). ISBN: 9789393701817. *
Mangalu Charan Biswal,《饥饿》。阿歇特印度,2023年,142页,399卢比(平装本)。ISBN: 9789393701817。*
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引用次数: 0
Deprivation and Social Exclusion of the Dalits: An Anthropological Observation 贱民的剥夺与社会排斥:一个人类学的观察
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231199839
Somenath Bhattacharjee
Social stratification is an outcome of the unequal distribution of goods and services within a society. The basic question here is who gets what and why? It depends on cultural values, the organization of production and the access acquired by different individuals and groups within a society. The idea of social stratification is rooted in the customary ways in which economic resources are allocated and distributed. Certain other aspects, like prestige and power, also get unequally distributed. It varies from one society to another. Indian society is old and extremely complex. In the Hindu social system, there is a fifth or Pancham Varna or Avarna, which accommodates those supposedly unclean occupations that are believed to be polluting and untouchable. Dalits are the downtrodden and poor. It includes those termed in administrative parlance as scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes. They are the poorest of the villages’ poor, living in squalor and misery, deprived of education and opportunities for improvement. Along with a number of other factors, sometimes the contemporary political situation plays a major role in the exploitation and deprivation of Dalits, which violates their fundamental human rights. These issues have been highlighted in this article.
社会分层是社会中商品和服务分配不平等的结果。这里最基本的问题是谁得到了什么,为什么?它取决于文化价值、生产组织和社会中不同个人和群体获得的机会。社会分层的观念植根于经济资源分配和分配的习惯方式。某些其他方面,如声望和权力,也会分配不均。它因社会而异。印度社会既古老又极其复杂。在印度教的社会体系中,有第五个或Pancham Varna或Avarna,它容纳了那些被认为是不洁净的职业,被认为是污染和不可触及的。贱民是受压迫的穷人。它包括那些在行政用语中被称为排期种姓、排期部落和其他落后阶级的人。他们是村里最穷的穷人,生活在肮脏和痛苦之中,被剥夺了教育和改善的机会。与一些其他因素一起,有时当代政治局势在剥削和剥夺达利特人方面发挥了重要作用,这侵犯了他们的基本人权。本文重点介绍了这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Quest for Horizontal Transgender Reservations Under the Spectre of Brahmanical Governmentality 在婆罗门统治的幽灵下对横向跨性别保留的追求
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231198712
Sepuri Venkata Durga Chandrasekhar
This article argues that the trajectory of transgender rights, especially the quest for transgender reservations is shrouded by the spectre of Brahmanical governmentality perpetuated by the state. Through an anti-caste analysis of the recent developments in this issue, it attempts to demonstrate that the denial of horizontal reservations for trans persons by the state fulfils the conditions of Brahmanical governmentality. It is characterized by a lack of a refusal to engage with trans persons’ lived realities, ignoring trans voices about vital issues pertaining to their community and the promulgation of legal and policy decisions which inimically affect the material interests of trans persons and perpetuate their oppression.
本文认为,跨性别权利的轨迹,尤其是对跨性别保留的追求,被国家延续的婆罗门式治理的幽灵所笼罩。通过对这个问题最近发展的反种姓分析,它试图证明国家对跨性别者的横向保留的否认符合婆罗门统治的条件。它的特点是不拒绝参与跨性别者的生活现实,忽视跨性别者在与他们的社区有关的重要问题上的声音,以及法律和政策决定的颁布,这些决定对跨性别者的物质利益产生不利影响,并使他们的压迫持续下去。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: 书评:
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231198713
Ganesh Gaigouria
Kancha Ilaiah Shepherd & Karthik Raja Karuppusamy, The Shudras Vision for a New Path (Rethinking India Series 5). Penguin Random House, Vintage Books, 2021, 233 pp., ₹699. e-ISBN: 978-9-390-91424-1.
Kancha Ilaiah Shepherd & Karthik Raja Karuppusamy,《首陀罗的新道路愿景》(Rethinking India Series 5)。Penguin Random House, Vintage Books, 2021, 233 pp.
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引用次数: 0
Religious Conversion and Emancipation of Untouchables: Gandhi’s View, Ambedkar’s Action and Beyond 宗教皈依与贱民解放:甘地的观点、安贝德卡的行动及其后
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231198672
C. J. Sonowal
Dr B.R. Ambedkar led the mass conversion of the Mahar population from Hinduism to Navayana Buddhism in the year 1956, aiming at the emancipation of the Mahar community, who were treated as untouchables. Dr Ambedkar believed that since untouchability was a part of Hindu tradition, Mahars could not be freed from it until they remained within the Hindu tradition. Contrarily, M.K. Gandhi maintained religious conversion as the purification and change of heart and attaining a higher level of spirituality. Every great religion has the capability for reform within it. He believed that a change of heart being within own religious tradition might eradicate social evils like untouchability, and for that, one should not change his religion. The article thus discusses the various perspectives of religious conversions and analyses the views of these two great thinkers of modern India, situating the Mahar conversion as the primary focus. Based on secondary literature sources, the author tries to situate the views of Gandhi and Ambedkar in the broader discourse on religious conversion and show that the Mahar conversion had a socio-political necessity and Gandhi’s views and appeal for eradication of untouchability did not have a practical value given the socio-religious context in India.
1956年,B.R. Ambedkar博士领导了马哈尔人从印度教转向纳瓦耶纳佛教的大规模转变,旨在解放被视为贱民的马哈尔社区。安贝德卡尔博士认为,由于贱民制度是印度教传统的一部分,所以在保持印度教传统之前,马哈尔人无法从中解脱出来。相反,甘地认为宗教皈依是心灵的净化和改变,达到更高的灵性水平。每一个伟大的宗教都有内部改革的能力。他认为,在自己的宗教传统中改变内心,可能会根除社会上的邪恶,比如贱民,为此,一个人不应该改变他的宗教。因此,本文讨论了宗教皈依的各种观点,并分析了这两位现代印度伟大思想家的观点,将马哈尔的皈依作为主要焦点。基于二手文献来源,作者试图将甘地和安贝德卡的观点置于更广泛的宗教转换话语中,并表明马哈尔的转换具有社会政治必要性,甘地的观点和呼吁根除贱民制度在印度的社会宗教背景下没有实际价值。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Rup Kumar Barman, Samakalin Paschimbanga: Jatpat, Jati-Rajniti O Tapashili Samaj 书评:Rup Kumar Barman, Samakalin Paschimbanga: Jatpat, Jati-Rajniti O Tapashili Samaj
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231206914
Sarthak Laha
Rup Kumar Barman, Samakalin Paschimbanga: Jatpat, Jati-Rajniti O Tapashili Samaj. Kolkata: Gangchil, 2022, 132 pp., ₹400 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-93-93569-42-4.
Rup Kumar Barman,Samakalin Paschimbanga:Jatpat, Jati-Rajniti O Tapashili Samaj.加尔各答:Gangchil, 2022, 132 pp.ISBN:978-93-93569-42-4.
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引用次数: 0
Breaking Hegemony of Traditional Political Parties: A Study of Shifting Dalits’ Support Base in Punjab 打破传统政党霸权:旁遮普贱民支持基础转移研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231198652
Nirmal Singh
The present study is an analysis of Dalits’ shifting support base among major political parties in Punjab, namely Congress, Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and specifically Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in 2022 Punjab Assembly election. With an established presence in the State, the AAP could present itself as a new alternative. The AAP defeated all the traditional/mainstream political parties in the recent Assembly election to put an end to the deeply entrenched family (SAD-Badal) and dynastic rule (Congress). The present research paper is an effort to find out the causes behind the shifting Dalit support base. The AAP’s success was a clear message from the people of Punjab that they were fed up with the power circle of traditional parties that were in agreement with each other to rule the State by turns. Paper argues that Dalits are likely to vote for the parties that have a chance to come to power as in 2022 Punjab Assembly Election, Dalit support base has widely shifted to AAP. The study was qualitative and conducted in the Doaba region of Punjab. It is an analysis of the interactions with 300 respondents of the targeted SCs population and 30 leaders from the major political parties in Punjab.
本研究分析了达利特在旁遮普省主要政党中的支持基础转移,即国大党、Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)、印度人民党(BJP)、社会主义社会党(BSP),特别是2022年旁遮普省议会选举中的Aam Aadmi党(AAP)。由于在该州已经有了一定的影响力,平民党可能会成为一个新的选择。在最近的议会选举中,平民党击败了所有传统/主流政党,结束了根深蒂固的家族统治(sadal - badal)和王朝统治(国大党)。本研究论文旨在找出达利特支持基础转移背后的原因。平民党的成功是旁遮普人民发出的一个明确信息,即他们受够了传统政党的权力圈,这些政党彼此达成协议轮流统治该邦。Paper认为,达利特可能会投票给有机会上台的政党,因为在2022年旁遮普邦议会选举中,达利特的支持基础已广泛转移到平民党。该研究是定性的,并在旁遮普邦的Doaba地区进行。该报告分析了与旁遮普邦主要政党的30名领导人和300名被调查对象的互动。
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引用次数: 0
Iyotheethasariyam—A Historiography of the Marginalized People 《边缘人的史学
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231187713
None Varusakkani K.
Pandit C. Iyothee Thass, better known as Iyothee Thass Pandithar (1845–1914), was a social thinker who lived in Tamil Nadu and has now become a part of the social academic discourse of contemporary times. He is well-read in various disciplines like sociology, politics, religion, culture, medicine and journalism. His way of thinking is known as Iyotheethasariyam. Instead of the traditional Vedic history that focused on Brahmins and Hinduism, he created an alternative history named ‘Indra Desa Sarithiram’ by focusing on Buddhism and the oppressed people, which is considered the first subaltern history written in Tamil from the perspective of the oppressed. The article discusses the inadequacies of traditional histories and the need for alternative histories. Furthermore, it enquires about the importance of oral data in reconstructing the histories of the oppressed and neglected people by the ruling class, the methods of writing alternative histories, and the historiographical strategies that help the oppressed communities to reconstruct their histories through the thoughts of Iyothee Thass.
潘迪特·c·Iyothee Thass,更广为人知的名字是Iyothee Thass Pandithar(1845-1914),是一位生活在泰米尔纳德邦的社会思想家,现在已经成为当代社会学术话语的一部分。他在社会学、政治学、宗教、文化、医学和新闻学等各个学科都有广泛的涉猎。他的思维方式被称为Iyotheethasariyam。与传统的以婆罗门和印度教为中心的吠陀历史不同,他创造了以佛教和受压迫者为中心的另类历史“Indra Desa Sarithiram”,这被认为是从被压迫者的角度用泰米尔语写的第一部次等人的历史。本文讨论了传统历史的不足和对另类历史的需求。此外,本文还探讨了口述资料在重建被统治阶级压迫和被忽视的人群的历史中的重要性、撰写另类历史的方法,以及通过伊约塞·塔斯的思想帮助被压迫群体重建其历史的史学策略。
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引用次数: 0
Caste-based Stratification in Kashmir: Reflections from Lived Experiences of Inter-caste Couples 克什米尔基于种姓的分层:来自跨种姓夫妇生活经验的反思
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231198739
Farah Qayoom
Caste as a system of stratification plays an important role in Kashmiri society. Though many believe that there is no caste system, the reality is that caste is a working institution affecting many aspects of life in Kashmir. However, endogamy is the principal factor of this caste segregation in Kashmiri society, yet some people choose to marry outside their castes. In order to understand the essential nature of this caste system, the current study uses a phenomenological approach to construct a description of the lived experiences of inter-caste couples. Forty participants (20 couples) from five districts of Kashmir Valley were interviewed from December 2021 to December 2022. The study reported that inter-caste couples face many challenges during pre-and post-marriage. Such couples are stigmatized in society, and sometimes the stigma is passed on to their children as well. The study argues that there is a need for resilient targeted efforts to encourage inter-caste marriages so that the noose of the caste system can be loosened.
种姓作为一种分层制度在克什米尔社会中起着重要作用。虽然许多人认为没有种姓制度,但现实是种姓制度是一个影响克什米尔生活许多方面的工作制度。然而,内婚制是克什米尔社会种姓隔离的主要因素,然而有些人选择与自己种姓以外的人结婚。为了了解这种种姓制度的本质,本研究采用现象学的方法来描述跨种姓夫妇的生活经历。从2021年12月到2022年12月,来自克什米尔山谷五个地区的40名参与者(20对夫妇)接受了采访。该研究报告称,跨种姓夫妇在婚前和婚后面临许多挑战。这样的夫妇在社会上被污名化,有时这种污名也会传给他们的孩子。该研究认为,有必要采取有弹性的有针对性的努力来鼓励跨种姓婚姻,这样种姓制度的套索就可以松开。
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引用次数: 0
Excruciating Journey of Sanitation Workers: Evidence of Mobility and Change from Field 环卫工人的痛苦之旅:流动和外地变化的证据
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/2455328x231185238
Ruchi Awasthi
The article explores approaches adopted by scavengers to protect themselves from stigma and describes how these approaches are temporal and incomplete. It also addresses the perception of scavenger’s son education and social status for their children’s social mobility. Social mobility has been described among scavengers and its relationship with changes that are taking place among the scavengers of Lucknow. A detailed discussion of ‘social mobility’ is carried out in this document supported by empirical data. At the applied level, the present study may help to identify the aspirations and expectations of the scavengers. In other words, it has been provided as an indicator of measuring the desires and efforts of the scavengers for their status in the caste or the class structure or both. In this article, an effort was made at two levels to know the nature of the status identification of the respondents. At one level, they were asked about their interaction with the non-scavenging community of other Scheduled Castes and their interaction pattern with the upper caste. In further analysis, first, this article has discussed occupation followed by mobility, its various forms and its significance in a scavenger’s life and finally focuses on social mobility in the scavengers’ context.
文章探讨了拾荒者采用的方法来保护自己免受耻辱,并描述了这些方法是如何暂时和不完整的。本文还探讨了拾荒者子女教育和社会地位对其子女社会流动性的影响。社会流动性已被描述在拾荒者和它与变化的关系,正在发生在勒克瑙拾荒者之间。本文在实证数据的支持下,对“社会流动性”进行了详细的讨论。在应用层面上,本研究可能有助于确定食腐者的愿望和期望。换句话说,它被用作衡量拾荒者在种姓或阶级结构或两者中地位的欲望和努力的指标。在本文中,我们在两个层次上努力了解应答者的状态标识的性质。在一个层面上,他们被问及他们与其他表列种姓的非食腐社区的互动以及他们与上层种姓的互动模式。在进一步的分析中,本文首先讨论了职业,其次是流动性,它的各种形式及其在拾荒者生活中的意义,最后重点讨论了拾荒者背景下的社会流动性。
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引用次数: 0
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Contemporary Voice of Dalit
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