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Therapeutic Potential of Transcendental Inquiry in the Husserlian Philosophy 胡塞尔哲学中先验探究的治疗潜力
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.29
W. Płotka
The main purpose of the article is to reconstruct a therapeutic potential of phenomenology, in particular, within Edmund Husserl’s and Eugen Fink’s program of transcendental inquiry about time. However, the Project of objective claims of phenomenology, which is presented in the Logical Investigations seems to exclude all therapeutic approach. Rather, the program postulates the striving for abstract “truths in themselves,” also it ignores the surrounding world, as well as intersubjectivity, and finally leads to the solitary life of a phenomenologist. How then is the therapeutic potential of phenomenology possible? The case of questioning plays the crucial role in the context of objective science. According to Husserl, each science which does not allow to ask “the most burning questions” is naļve, and therefore it limits the therapeutic potential. While focusing on propositions, objective phenomenology excludes all questions, indeed. In contrast to such a view, transcendental phenomenology allows to ask over and over again, and by doing so, it introduces the world, as well as intersubjectivity as horizons of phenomenological inquiry. Concluding, Husserl’s collaboration with Fink presents such a communal effort into questioning about time. Therefore, “therapeutic potential” of phenomenology means precisely the methodological movement of the possibility for communal formulation of transcendental investigation.
本文的主要目的是重建现象学的治疗潜力,特别是在埃德蒙·胡塞尔和欧根·芬克关于时间的先验探究计划中。然而,在《逻辑研究》中提出的现象学的客观主张计划似乎排除了所有治疗方法。相反,该计划假定了对抽象的“自身真理”的追求,也忽略了周围的世界,以及主体间性,最终导致了现象学家的孤独生活。那么现象学的治疗潜力是如何可能的呢?质疑的案例在客观科学的语境中起着至关重要的作用。根据胡塞尔的说法,每一门不允许提出“最紧迫的问题”的科学都是naļve,因此它限制了治疗潜力。客观现象学在关注命题的同时,确实排除了所有的问题。与这种观点相反,先验现象学允许一遍又一遍地发问,通过这样做,它将世界以及主体间性引入现象学探究的视界。综上所述,胡塞尔与芬克的合作展现了对时间质疑的共同努力。因此,现象学的“治疗潜能”恰恰意味着先验研究的共同表述可能性的方法论运动。
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引用次数: 3
DAS "PERFORMATIVE SPIEL" ALS EIN DIDAKTISCHER WEG "ZU DEN SACHEN SELBST" "编剧"就好像自己在扯自己的东西
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.25
A. Kraus
The centre of Childhood Research is formed by the hypothesis that children co-interpret the world and participate actively in its constituting. In consequence, Childhood Research concentrates on the perspectives of children, exploring their relationships to themselves and to their life-worlds. Starting from the approach of constitutive phenomenology we go into this ambitious matter. Then, the hypothesis is unfolded that the didactical setting of a „performative play“ can serve to show aspects of the relationships of children to themselves and to their life-worlds.
儿童研究的中心是由儿童共同解释世界并积极参与世界构成的假设形成的。因此,儿童研究集中于儿童的观点,探索他们与自己和他们的生活世界的关系。从构成现象学的方法出发,我们进入这个雄心勃勃的问题。然后,假设展开了“表演性游戏”的教学设置可以显示儿童与自己和他们的生活世界的关系的各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
On Knowledge of Learning. A Phenomenological Sketch 论学习的知识。现象学概论
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.22
Käte Meyer-Drawe
He word “learning” has the endless meanings. The learning occurs not only from knowledge but also as knowledge. Learning in this sense depends not only on our initiative. We cannot just resolve to learn. The whole reliable order can reach deadlock.. The old reliable knowledge and ability mismatchwhile we do not yet have any new possibility. Learning in this sense means a kind of “awakening”, in statu nascendi as the response to a challenge. Thus the condition of learning is sensitiveness to the other or to something, while it is possible via agreement that is not always disposed to us because of our peculiar attitudes. We always think more than we can express. Inevitably, we can do more than we anticipate. Only after the other takes this surplus the knowledge and the ability correspond to reality before they are realized. In learning we are met by another, to which we answer as to something.. This Something is always outstripping the meanings and aspirations. That is why this learning in true sense begins not in us. The destiny of every experience concerning us depends on this, while we cannot anticipate it exactly. Thus, the sense of in statu nascendi corresponds to the saying modo praeterito .
“学习”这个词有无穷无尽的含义。学习不仅来自知识,而且作为知识发生。从这个意义上讲,学习不仅取决于我们的主动性。我们不能只是下定决心去学习。整个可靠的秩序可能会陷入僵局。旧的可靠的知识和能力不匹配,而我们还没有任何新的可能性。从这个意义上讲,学习意味着一种“觉醒”,处于对挑战的回应状态。因此,学习的条件是对他人或某物的敏感,而这是可能的,通过协议并不总是倾向于我们,因为我们的特殊态度。我们总是想得太多,表达不出来。不可避免地,我们能做的比我们预期的要多。只有在他者获得了这种盈余之后,知识和能力才能在实现之前与现实相对应。在学习的过程中,我们会遇到另一个人,我们把他当作某种东西来回答。这个东西总是超越了意义和愿望。这就是为什么真正意义上的学习不是从我们自己开始的。与我们有关的每一次经历的命运都取决于这一点,而我们却不能准确地预测它。因此,新生状态的意义对应于谚语modo praeterito。
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引用次数: 20
Education of Coexistence as Technē Tou Biou 作为技术的共存教育
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.24
T. Kačerauskas
The article deals with education of coexistence as training of life art ( technē tou biou ). The major thesis is the following: our existence has been educated in the life environment together with other agents of life world ( Lebenswelt ), while the latter are educated in the background of our existential project to be realized during our life. This major thesis presupposes the minor ones developed in the article: existential education means the change of the roles between the agents of life enwironment; existential education covers an ironic relationship between the teacher and a disciple; the teacher educates an unique combination of the disciple’s charachteristics to be nourished in his (her) existential perspective instead of forcing the equal way for everybody; every community has been educated while an individual changes life environment by realization of his (her) existential utopia; education is a kind of existential tradition’s transfer through the new communicative channels; philosophy of education based on existential phenomenology stresses the aspects of responsible coexistence in the life-world to be created; education is the training of our life’s art as responsible creation inseparable from becoming of life-world as the environment of our coexistence; education deals with a miracle of breaking educational circle while a disciple excels the teacher and changes the educational environment. By analysing the problems of existential education the author uses the approaches of both existential phenomenology and cultural regionalistics.
本文把共存教育看作是生命艺术的培养。本文的主要论点是:我们的存在与生命世界的其他主体(Lebenswelt)一起在生命环境中被教育,而后者则是在我们生命中要实现的存在计划的背景下被教育的。这一主要论题以本文所展开的次要论题为前提:存在主义教育是指生活环境主体之间角色的转换;存在主义教育包含了一种师生之间的反讽关系;老师以存在主义的视角来培养学生的独特个性,而不是强迫每个人都平等对待;每个社区都在接受教育,而个人则通过实现自己存在的乌托邦而改变生活环境;教育是一种通过新的传播渠道对存在主义传统的转移;以存在现象学为基础的教育哲学强调要创造的生活世界中负责任的共存;教育是培养我们作为负责任的创造的生活艺术,它离不开作为我们共存环境的生活世界的形成;在学生超越老师、改变教育环境的过程中,教育发生着打破教育循环的奇迹。通过对存在主义教育问题的分析,作者运用了存在现象学和文化地域性的研究方法。
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引用次数: 2
Psychotherapy: Adaptation or Walking Together? (A Roadside Conversation) 心理治疗:适应还是一起走?(路边谈话)
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.27
N. Bychkova, Yana Larionova
The article concerns psychotherapeutic work in the perspective of existential approach. Two trends are discerned in modern psychotherapy regardless of the known division into different schools – the adaptation therapy, and the one viewing a person in the context of his Personal being in the world. Therapy here is understood as the Way of mutual personal growth of both the therapist and the client. Distinction is singled out as one of the central points in forming the meanings, essential for both the normal development of a child and in psychotherapy, and remaining significant for spiritual growth in adults.
本文从存在主义视角探讨心理治疗工作。在现代心理治疗中,有两种趋势是明显的,不管已知的不同学派的划分是什么——适应疗法,以及在世界上个人存在的背景下看待一个人的疗法。这里的治疗被理解为治疗师和来访者共同的个人成长的方式。区别被挑出来作为形成意义的中心点之一,对儿童和心理治疗的正常发展都至关重要,对成年人的精神成长也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Phenomenological Approach to Practical Knowledge in Psychoterapy 心理治疗实践知识的现象学研究
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.28
C. Nilsson
Many professions involving relational work as an essential component – such as nurses, social workers and psychotherapists – are currently challenged by a growing demand on so-called “evidence-based” methods. In the debate, professional practioners from these fields have repeatedly voiced the complaint that there are crucial aspects of knowledge involved in their professions that do not fit into this paradigm. Their Professional abilities, they claim, include a kind of knowledge that might not be “scientific” or “evidence-based”, but is still essential to what they do. This article will discuss how this “practical knowledge” can be approached using resourses from Heidegger’s phenomenological appropriation of Aristotle.
许多将关系工作作为重要组成部分的职业——如护士、社会工作者和心理治疗师——目前正受到对所谓“循证”方法日益增长的需求的挑战。在辩论中,来自这些领域的专业从业者一再抱怨,他们的专业中涉及的知识的关键方面不符合这种范式。他们声称,他们的专业能力包括一种知识,这种知识可能不是“科学的”或“基于证据的”,但对他们的工作仍然至关重要。本文将讨论如何利用海德格尔对亚里士多德的现象学挪用的资源来接近这种“实践知识”。
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引用次数: 2
Selfhood and Self-Esteem. A Phenomenological Critique of an Educational and Psychological Concept 自我和自尊。对教育与心理概念的现象学批判
Pub Date : 2010-09-15 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.26
E. Schwarz
Selfhood and Self-Esteem : A phenomenological critiqueof an educational and psychological concept
自我与自尊:对一个教育和心理学概念的现象学批判
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引用次数: 4
Linguistic and Psycho-Physiological Fundamentals of Linguistic Act 语言行为的语言学和心理生理基础
Pub Date : 2010-06-04 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.11
Regina Juškienė
The paper analyses one of the most important aspects of linguistic activity, i.e. psycho-physiological fundamentals. The topic is of a great importance as there is no uniform theoretical concept of this issue, although there is a range of articles that analyze some of the aspects of the problem. The author has described physiological components of linguistic activity. From the psychological point of view, the author has accentuated two types of linguistic activity – the perceptive and the expressive – that are substantially analyzed in the present article. The author assumes that the implementation of linguistic activity as well as of any activity is possible by virtue of certain competences and skills. Linguistic competences and skills are thoroughly scrutinized and their distinctive features are pointed out in the current study. The paper also presents and analyzes the key stages of the nurturing of skills. The article could be useful both for theorists of linguodidactics and for language teaching specialists.
本文分析了语言活动的一个重要方面,即心理生理基础。这个话题非常重要,因为这个问题没有统一的理论概念,尽管有一系列的文章分析了这个问题的一些方面。作者描述了语言活动的生理成分。从心理学的角度来看,作者强调了两种类型的语言活动-感知和表达-在本文中进行了大量的分析。作者假设,语言活动以及任何活动的实施都是由于一定的能力和技能而可能的。本研究对语言能力和语言技能进行了深入的考察,并指出了它们各自的特点。文章还对技能培养的关键阶段进行了阐述和分析。这篇文章可能对语言学理论家和语言教学专家都很有用。
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引用次数: 0
The Essential Features of the Coursebook for Teaching a Foreign Language 《外语教学教材》的基本特征
Pub Date : 2010-06-04 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.20
A. Velička
On the basis of the facts mentioned in the article we can draw the following conclusions. The main chapters of the coursebook must contain a variety of exercises and texts. But not all types of language activities can be included. For example, understanding of the text by listening. However, the coursebook should have the system of exercises for developing skills and understanding other linguistic types. It is important to separate classwork exercises from homework exercises because they differ in their character and difficulty. Special texts in the coursebook should be included to help teach a spoken language. At first the coursebook should provide preparatory exercises, but later there should be texts for reading and speaking purposes.
根据文章中提到的事实,我们可以得出以下结论。教材的主要章节必须包含各种各样的练习和课文。但并不是所有类型的语言活动都可以包括在内。例如,通过听力来理解课文。然而,教材应该有培养技能和理解其他语言类型的练习系统。把课堂作业和家庭作业分开是很重要的,因为它们的性质和难度不同。教材中应该包括一些特殊的文本来帮助教授口语。首先,教材应该提供准备练习,但后来应该有阅读和口语目的的文本。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Choice and Possibilities of Vocational Schools’ Students to Continue Studies in the Tech-Nological Trend 技术化趋势下职业学校学生继续学习的选择与可能性评价
Pub Date : 2010-06-04 DOI: 10.3846/coactivity.2010.18
V. Pruskus
On the basis of the data of the carried out research, the article analyzes the attitude of students of vocational schools towards the possibilities to pass the exams and to continue studies in the higher school choosing technological trend. The evaluation of those possibilities by profession subject teachers is also presented. The research showed that one third (31.3 per cent) of students who graduated from vocational school was going to continue their studies in the higher school, one fifth (20.1 per cent) was not going to study and about a half (48.3 per cent) have not decided what to do. The students of vocational schools evaluate their possibilities to pass the state exams rather reservedly. Only third of them (36.9 per cent) considers it as realistic and almost half (45.3 per cent) hardly believe it could happen. Over half of the surveyed (49.3 per cent) vocational schools’ students evaluate the quality of school subjects as sufficient and 12.1 per cent – as high  to pass the state exams, 6.1 per cent of students evaluate as insufficient and 0.9 per cent – as low. However, one third of the surveyed do not have clear opinion (it is difficult to say – 31.6 per cent). Almost half of the surveyed vocational schools’ students think their possibilities to continue studies in the higher school are realistic – 34.2 per cent, very realistic – 8.1 per cent, unreal – 9.6 per cent and totally un-real – 4 per cent. Almost half of the surveyed do not have clear opinion (it is difficult to say – 43.9 per cent). Almost half of the surveyed profession subject teachers (48 per cent) think that after graduating vocational school students are absolutely ready to continue studies in the higher school but one third of them (33.5 per cent) doubt it. The proposals on improvement of students’ motivation in choosing technological trend in the higher school are presented here as well.
本文在调研数据的基础上,分析了高职学生在择校技术趋势下对通过考试和继续学习的可能性的态度。并提出了专业学科教师对这些可能性的评价。研究表明,从职业学校毕业的学生中,有三分之一(31.3%)打算继续在高等学校学习,五分之一(20.1%)不打算学习,约一半(48.3%)还没有决定要做什么。职业学校的学生在评估他们通过国家考试的可能性时相当谨慎。只有三分之一(36.9%)的人认为这是现实的,几乎一半(45.3%)的人认为这几乎不可能发生。在接受调查的职业学校学生中,超过一半(49.3%)的学生认为学校科目的质量足够好,12.1%的学生认为课程质量高到足以通过国家考试,6.1%的学生认为课程质量不足,0.9%的学生认为课程质量低。然而,三分之一的受访者没有明确的意见(很难说——31.6%)。在接受调查的职业学校学生中,几乎有一半的人认为他们在高等学校继续学习的可能性是现实的(34.2%),非常现实的(8.1%),不现实的(9.6%)和完全不现实的(4%)。几乎一半的受访者没有明确的意见(很难说——43.9%)。接受调查的专业学科教师中,近一半(48%)认为职业学校的学生毕业后绝对可以继续在高等学校学习,但其中三分之一(33.5%)对此表示怀疑。提出了提高高校学生科技潮流选择动机的建议。
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