Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p09
Irma Mardiah, Syarif Hamdani, I. Fatimah, Nuri Setiani, Dewi Astriany
Biosurfaktan merupakan zat penurun tegangan permukaan yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Bacillus cereus merupakan salah satu bakteri penghasil biosurfaktan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum produksi biosurfaktan dari Bacillus cereus dengan memanfaatkan minyak jelantah sebagai sumber karbon. Optimasi produksi biosurfaktan dilakukan pada variasi konsentrasi minyak jelantah 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% dan variasi pH media 6, 7, 8 serta dilakukan uji aktivitas menggunakan metode indeks emulsifikasi 24 jam (IE24). Penelitian ini menggunakan media produksi Mineral Salt Medium (MSM), konsentrasi inokulum sebanyak 10% (108 CFU/ml), inkubasi pada suhu ruang dengan kecepatan agitasi 160 rpm. Ekstraksi biosurfaktan menggunakan pelarut kloroform : metanol (2:1). Konsentrasi minyak jelantah terbaik adalah 3% dan nilai pH terbaik pada pH 6. Hasil produksi biosurfaktan dari bakteri Bacillus cereus adalah 8,9 g/L dengan nilai IE24 57,17%. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mendapatkan kondisi optimum untuk produksi biosurfaktan yang mengandung antimikroba yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus cereus.
{"title":"Optimasi produksi biosurfaktan dari bakteri Bacillus cereus menggunakan minyak jelantah","authors":"Irma Mardiah, Syarif Hamdani, I. Fatimah, Nuri Setiani, Dewi Astriany","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p09","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfaktan merupakan zat penurun tegangan permukaan yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Bacillus cereus merupakan salah satu bakteri penghasil biosurfaktan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum produksi biosurfaktan dari Bacillus cereus dengan memanfaatkan minyak jelantah sebagai sumber karbon. Optimasi produksi biosurfaktan dilakukan pada variasi konsentrasi minyak jelantah 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% dan variasi pH media 6, 7, 8 serta dilakukan uji aktivitas menggunakan metode indeks emulsifikasi 24 jam (IE24). Penelitian ini menggunakan media produksi Mineral Salt Medium (MSM), konsentrasi inokulum sebanyak 10% (108 CFU/ml), inkubasi pada suhu ruang dengan kecepatan agitasi 160 rpm. Ekstraksi biosurfaktan menggunakan pelarut kloroform : metanol (2:1). Konsentrasi minyak jelantah terbaik adalah 3% dan nilai pH terbaik pada pH 6. Hasil produksi biosurfaktan dari bakteri Bacillus cereus adalah 8,9 g/L dengan nilai IE24 57,17%. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mendapatkan kondisi optimum untuk produksi biosurfaktan yang mengandung antimikroba yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus cereus.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68892253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p14
Nyoman Darsini
Research has been carried out on the temu-temuan or bebungkilan conducted in Pasar Badung, with a research method through the interview method. Based on research techniques interviews with 5 merchants, 10 temu-temuan have been found. The types of temu-temuan that have been found are: temu kunci, curcuma, temu ireng, galangal, aromatic ginger, jangu, turmeric, bangle, red ginger, temu tis. Morphologically, each temu-temuan has its own characteristics, while in its anatomy it appears that the secretory cell is scattered randomly. The benefits of these temu-temuan are partly as a medicine and partly as a kitchen spice. Especially in Bali, which is often used as a basic spice, is turmeric, aromatic ginger, ginger and galangal. As for other temu-temuan such as, temu ireng, temu kunci, curcuma, bangle besides turmeric, aromatic ginger, ginger, galangal with medicinal properties. The benefits of these findings for health, ranging from overcoming gastrointestinal infections, skin diseases, healing wounds, antioxidants, anticancer, curing stomach ulcers, delaying premature aging, lowering levels of bad cholesterol, cough and asthma, menstrual disorders, dyspepsia, body warmers, swollen ulcers, preventing cancer, relieving seizures, and much more.
{"title":"Short Communication: The species of Temu-temuan that sold in Badung Market with its utilization and anatomical study","authors":"Nyoman Darsini","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p14","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been carried out on the temu-temuan or bebungkilan conducted in Pasar Badung, with a research method through the interview method. Based on research techniques interviews with 5 merchants, 10 temu-temuan have been found. The types of temu-temuan that have been found are: temu kunci, curcuma, temu ireng, galangal, aromatic ginger, jangu, turmeric, bangle, red ginger, temu tis. Morphologically, each temu-temuan has its own characteristics, while in its anatomy it appears that the secretory cell is scattered randomly. The benefits of these temu-temuan are partly as a medicine and partly as a kitchen spice. Especially in Bali, which is often used as a basic spice, is turmeric, aromatic ginger, ginger and galangal. As for other temu-temuan such as, temu ireng, temu kunci, curcuma, bangle besides turmeric, aromatic ginger, ginger, galangal with medicinal properties. The benefits of these findings for health, ranging from overcoming gastrointestinal infections, skin diseases, healing wounds, antioxidants, anticancer, curing stomach ulcers, delaying premature aging, lowering levels of bad cholesterol, cough and asthma, menstrual disorders, dyspepsia, body warmers, swollen ulcers, preventing cancer, relieving seizures, and much more.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p12
Putu Ayudina Asti Puspita, N. L. Arpiwi, N. W. Sudatri
Berbagai alternatif telah dilakukan untuk menghambat populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti penyebab penyakit demam berdarah, diantaranya penggunaan lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung DEET. Untuk mengurangi resiko dan dampak negatif dari lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung DEET, maka salah satu upaya dilakukan pemanfaatan minyak atsiri kenanga (Cananga odorata) sebagai repellent atau antinyamuk alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen minyak atsiri bunga kenanga, untuk menganalisis konsentrasi minyak atsiri pada sediaan lotion yang memberikan daya proteksi tertinggi terhadap gigitan nyamuk Ae. aegypti, menganalisis tingkat kesukaan probandus terhadap formulasi lotion, dan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya sensitivitas setelah memakai lotion yang mengandung minyak atsiri bunga kenanga. Minyak atsiri kenanga pada penelitian ini diperoleh dengan cara destilasi uap yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai agen antinyamuk dalam sediaan lotion. Rata-rata rendemen minyak atsiri bunga kenanga dengan tiga kali ulangan diikuti dengan standar deviasi (SD) adalah 0,63% ± 1,38 b/b. Daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk tertinggi adalah lotion F3 dengan konsentrasi minyak atsiri 5%. Lotion F3 pada jam pertama memberikan daya proteksi sebesar 96,3%, jam kedua 92,3%, jam ketiga 87% dan menurun sampai jam keenam menjadi 75%. Formulasi yang paling disukai oleh probandus adalah lotion dengan kandungan minyak atsiri sebanyak 5% b/b. Setelah pemakaian lotion antinyamuk tidak ada kesan lengket dikulit dan tidak adanya gejala sensitivitas.
{"title":"Daya proteksi minyak atsiri bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata ) dalam sediaan lotion antinyamuk terhadap Aedes aegypti","authors":"Putu Ayudina Asti Puspita, N. L. Arpiwi, N. W. Sudatri","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p12","url":null,"abstract":"Berbagai alternatif telah dilakukan untuk menghambat populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti penyebab penyakit demam berdarah, diantaranya penggunaan lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung DEET. Untuk mengurangi resiko dan dampak negatif dari lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung DEET, maka salah satu upaya dilakukan pemanfaatan minyak atsiri kenanga (Cananga odorata) sebagai repellent atau antinyamuk alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen minyak atsiri bunga kenanga, untuk menganalisis konsentrasi minyak atsiri pada sediaan lotion yang memberikan daya proteksi tertinggi terhadap gigitan nyamuk Ae. aegypti, menganalisis tingkat kesukaan probandus terhadap formulasi lotion, dan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya sensitivitas setelah memakai lotion yang mengandung minyak atsiri bunga kenanga. Minyak atsiri kenanga pada penelitian ini diperoleh dengan cara destilasi uap yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai agen antinyamuk dalam sediaan lotion. Rata-rata rendemen minyak atsiri bunga kenanga dengan tiga kali ulangan diikuti dengan standar deviasi (SD) adalah 0,63% ± 1,38 b/b. Daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk tertinggi adalah lotion F3 dengan konsentrasi minyak atsiri 5%. Lotion F3 pada jam pertama memberikan daya proteksi sebesar 96,3%, jam kedua 92,3%, jam ketiga 87% dan menurun sampai jam keenam menjadi 75%. Formulasi yang paling disukai oleh probandus adalah lotion dengan kandungan minyak atsiri sebanyak 5% b/b. Setelah pemakaian lotion antinyamuk tidak ada kesan lengket dikulit dan tidak adanya gejala sensitivitas.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45215351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p11
E. Hidayati, Ika Nurhimaya, Nisful Mahdi, Sarkono Sarkono
Lalat hijau (Chrysomya megacephala) merupakan serangga yang memiliki peranan ekologis penting, salah satu diantaranya adalah sebagai dekomposer. Lalat hijau sering ditemukan berkerumun di sekitar makanan dan sampah yang mengandung protein tinggi. Hinggapnya lalat ini pada makanan perlu diwaspadai karena dapat mengakibatkan makanan lebih cepat rusak atau basi. Diduga bahwa bakteri yang ada pada tubuh lalat berperan dalam proses dekomposisi bahan makanan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bakteri proteolitik yang diisolasi dari tubuh lalat hijau. Sampel lalat hijau diambil dari tempat pembuangan sampah di Kebon Kongok, Lombok Barat, Indonesia. Sampel dimasukkan ke dalam Brain Heart Infusion Broth, selanjutnya bakteri yang terdapat pada tubuh lalat hijau diisolasi menggunakan Nutrient Agar. Aktivitas proteolitik isolat bakteri dideteksi dari terbentuknya zona bening pada medium Skim Milk Agar dengan metode totol dan difusi sumuran. Isolat bakteri kemudian dikarakterisasi melalui pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia. Ditemukan sebanyak empat isolat bakteri proteolitik pada tubuh lalat hijau yaitu isolat LH1, LH2, LH3 dan LH4. Isolat LH2 menunjukkan aktivitas katalitik paling baik dengan rerata diameter zona bening sebesar 25,5 mm setelah inkubasi 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. LH2 merupakan Gram negatif berbentuk batang rantai pendek, bersifat motil dan aerob. Bakteri ini mampu memanfaatkan beberapa jenis gula seperti arabinosa, sukrosa, maltosa, dan manitol, mampu mengoksidasi asam amino triptofan serta mampu mengubah urea menjadi amonia. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa, LH2 berkontribusi dalam proses dekomposisi. Selain itu, LH2 juga berpotensi sebagai patogen.
{"title":"Kajian bakteri proteolitik yang diisolasi dari tubuh lalat hijau (Chrysomya megacephala)","authors":"E. Hidayati, Ika Nurhimaya, Nisful Mahdi, Sarkono Sarkono","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p11","url":null,"abstract":"Lalat hijau (Chrysomya megacephala) merupakan serangga yang memiliki peranan ekologis penting, salah satu diantaranya adalah sebagai dekomposer. Lalat hijau sering ditemukan berkerumun di sekitar makanan dan sampah yang mengandung protein tinggi. Hinggapnya lalat ini pada makanan perlu diwaspadai karena dapat mengakibatkan makanan lebih cepat rusak atau basi. Diduga bahwa bakteri yang ada pada tubuh lalat berperan dalam proses dekomposisi bahan makanan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bakteri proteolitik yang diisolasi dari tubuh lalat hijau. Sampel lalat hijau diambil dari tempat pembuangan sampah di Kebon Kongok, Lombok Barat, Indonesia. Sampel dimasukkan ke dalam Brain Heart Infusion Broth, selanjutnya bakteri yang terdapat pada tubuh lalat hijau diisolasi menggunakan Nutrient Agar. Aktivitas proteolitik isolat bakteri dideteksi dari terbentuknya zona bening pada medium Skim Milk Agar dengan metode totol dan difusi sumuran. Isolat bakteri kemudian dikarakterisasi melalui pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia. Ditemukan sebanyak empat isolat bakteri proteolitik pada tubuh lalat hijau yaitu isolat LH1, LH2, LH3 dan LH4. Isolat LH2 menunjukkan aktivitas katalitik paling baik dengan rerata diameter zona bening sebesar 25,5 mm setelah inkubasi 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. LH2 merupakan Gram negatif berbentuk batang rantai pendek, bersifat motil dan aerob. Bakteri ini mampu memanfaatkan beberapa jenis gula seperti arabinosa, sukrosa, maltosa, dan manitol, mampu mengoksidasi asam amino triptofan serta mampu mengubah urea menjadi amonia. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa, LH2 berkontribusi dalam proses dekomposisi. Selain itu, LH2 juga berpotensi sebagai patogen.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p10
Wahyu Irawati, Egilia Lucky, Yovanka P.P Tumakaka, Charles Immanuel, E. B. Marvella
Peningkatan aktivitas industri tekstil semakin menambahkan jumlah limbah di lingkungan. Tembaga merupakan salah satu komponen pewarna sintetis sehingga limbah industri tekstil berpeluang mengandung pewarna dan tembaga. Bioremediasi menggunakan bakteri indigenus yang resisten terhadap pewarna dan tembaga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efesiensi pengolahan limbah tekstil. Isolat bakteri IrN merupakan bakteri indigenus yang resisten terhadap tembaga dan diisolasi dari pengolahan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi molekular serta menguji resistensi dan kemampuan dekolorisasi bakteri terhadap berbagai pewarna. Karakterisasi molekular dilakukan dengan analisis gen 16S rDNA. Medium yang digunakan adalah Luria Bertani dengan penambahan pewarna dan atau CuSO4 sebagai perlakuan. Pewarna yang digunakan ada 12 macam, yaitu: Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Congo Red, Mordant Orange, Reactive Black, Direct Yellow, Basic Fuchsin, Reactive Orange, Disperse Orange, Remasol, Wantex Red, dan Wantex Yellow. Kemampuan dekolorisasi dan pertumbuhan bakteri diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil analisis 16S rDNA menunjukkan bahwa bakteri IrN teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus cereus dengan kemiripan sebesar 99,91%. Isolat bakteri IrN memiliki multiresistensi terhadap 3 mM CuSO4 serta semua pewarna yang diuji pada konsentrasi 200 ppm, tetapi pada 500 ppm IrN hanya resisten terhadap methylene blue. Bakteri IrN dapat mendekolorisasi 200 ppm dan 500 ppm Methylene Blue masing-masing sebesar 42,78% dan 38,1%. Penambahan 3 mM CuSO4 pada medium 500 ppm Methylene BlueBlue tetap membuat bakteri mampu mendekolorisasi Methylene Blue, walaupun kemampuan dekolorisasinya menurun menjadi 34,17%. Isolat bakteri IrN juga dapat mendekolorisasi Malachite Green, Congo Red, Basic Fuchsine dengan kemampuan maksimal masing-masing sebesar 98,16%, 70,29%, dan 79,07%.
{"title":"Karakterisasi Bacillus cereus strain IrN yang memiliki sifat multiresistensi terhadap tembaga dan pewarna","authors":"Wahyu Irawati, Egilia Lucky, Yovanka P.P Tumakaka, Charles Immanuel, E. B. Marvella","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p10","url":null,"abstract":"Peningkatan aktivitas industri tekstil semakin menambahkan jumlah limbah di lingkungan. Tembaga merupakan salah satu komponen pewarna sintetis sehingga limbah industri tekstil berpeluang mengandung pewarna dan tembaga. Bioremediasi menggunakan bakteri indigenus yang resisten terhadap pewarna dan tembaga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efesiensi pengolahan limbah tekstil. Isolat bakteri IrN merupakan bakteri indigenus yang resisten terhadap tembaga dan diisolasi dari pengolahan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi molekular serta menguji resistensi dan kemampuan dekolorisasi bakteri terhadap berbagai pewarna. Karakterisasi molekular dilakukan dengan analisis gen 16S rDNA. Medium yang digunakan adalah Luria Bertani dengan penambahan pewarna dan atau CuSO4 sebagai perlakuan. Pewarna yang digunakan ada 12 macam, yaitu: Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Congo Red, Mordant Orange, Reactive Black, Direct Yellow, Basic Fuchsin, Reactive Orange, Disperse Orange, Remasol, Wantex Red, dan Wantex Yellow. Kemampuan dekolorisasi dan pertumbuhan bakteri diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil analisis 16S rDNA menunjukkan bahwa bakteri IrN teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus cereus dengan kemiripan sebesar 99,91%. Isolat bakteri IrN memiliki multiresistensi terhadap 3 mM CuSO4 serta semua pewarna yang diuji pada konsentrasi 200 ppm, tetapi pada 500 ppm IrN hanya resisten terhadap methylene blue. Bakteri IrN dapat mendekolorisasi 200 ppm dan 500 ppm Methylene Blue masing-masing sebesar 42,78% dan 38,1%. Penambahan 3 mM CuSO4 pada medium 500 ppm Methylene BlueBlue tetap membuat bakteri mampu mendekolorisasi Methylene Blue, walaupun kemampuan dekolorisasinya menurun menjadi 34,17%. Isolat bakteri IrN juga dapat mendekolorisasi Malachite Green, Congo Red, Basic Fuchsine dengan kemampuan maksimal masing-masing sebesar 98,16%, 70,29%, dan 79,07%.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p07
Mery Puspita Sari, L. Nugroho, S. Sukirno
One of the agricultural commodities that has a high selling value and consumption level is shallot (Alium ascalonicum). However, the productivity of shallots is known to be susceptible to plant-destroying organisms, such as the shallot caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua). Currently, most shallot farmers control S. exigua using synthetic insecticides. Synthetic insecticides are poisonous and use for a long time period will cause resistance to pests and environmental pollution. One of the natural ingredients that has the potential as a botanical insecticide is papaya (Carica papaya). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and concentration of n-hexane and ethanolic extracts of papaya leaves which are the most effective against toxicity and inhibition of the feeding power of S. exigua second instar larvae. The extract was obtained by gradual maceration of n-hexane (non polar) and ethanol (polar) solvents. Test the secondary metabolite content of papaya leaves using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the ethanol extract was the most effective extract in causing toxicity to larvae with the highest percentage of 96.67%. Meanwhile, n-hexane extract was more effective in inhibiting larval feeding than ethanol extract with the lowest feeding area of 2,27 mm. The most effective concentration of against toxicity and feeding inhibition of larvae is concentration 3%. The LC50 value of the ethanol extract was 0.0207% and the n-hexane extract was 0.0459%. Both extracts are known to contain compound groups, namely tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
{"title":"Effectiveness of n-hexane and ethanol extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves as shallot pest (Spodoptera exigua Hübner) natural insecticide","authors":"Mery Puspita Sari, L. Nugroho, S. Sukirno","doi":"10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2022.v26.i02.p07","url":null,"abstract":"One of the agricultural commodities that has a high selling value and consumption level is shallot (Alium ascalonicum). However, the productivity of shallots is known to be susceptible to plant-destroying organisms, such as the shallot caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua). Currently, most shallot farmers control S. exigua using synthetic insecticides. Synthetic insecticides are poisonous and use for a long time period will cause resistance to pests and environmental pollution. One of the natural ingredients that has the potential as a botanical insecticide is papaya (Carica papaya). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and concentration of n-hexane and ethanolic extracts of papaya leaves which are the most effective against toxicity and inhibition of the feeding power of S. exigua second instar larvae. The extract was obtained by gradual maceration of n-hexane (non polar) and ethanol (polar) solvents. Test the secondary metabolite content of papaya leaves using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the ethanol extract was the most effective extract in causing toxicity to larvae with the highest percentage of 96.67%. Meanwhile, n-hexane extract was more effective in inhibiting larval feeding than ethanol extract with the lowest feeding area of 2,27 mm. The most effective concentration of against toxicity and feeding inhibition of larvae is concentration 3%. The LC50 value of the ethanol extract was 0.0207% and the n-hexane extract was 0.0459%. Both extracts are known to contain compound groups, namely tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.59475
Yoga Alim Prisnanda, D. Wulandari
The lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which have antibacterial activity. The aims of the research was to determine the antibacterial effect of lime leaf extract to against Salmonella typhi bacteria. This research was initiated with extracting lime leaves, testing the chemical content of lime leaf extract, identifying bacteria, and testing the antibacterial activity of lime leaf extract using the disc diffusion method. The concentration of extract to used antibacterial activity test with diffusion methode was 2.5%; 5%; 10%. Positive control was chloramphenicol and negative control was DMSO 8%. based on kaffir lime leaf extract test, positively contained flavonoids, alkaloid tannins and saponins. Kaffir lime leaf extract has antibacterial activity for Salmonella thypi bacteria. The antibacterial activity test showed an average inhibition zone of 8 mm at a concentration of 2.5%, 9.6 mm at a concentration of 5% and 11.6 mm at a concentration of 10%.
{"title":"AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) TERHADAP BAKTERI Salmonella typhi","authors":"Yoga Alim Prisnanda, D. Wulandari","doi":"10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.59475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.59475","url":null,"abstract":"The lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which have antibacterial activity. The aims of the research was to determine the antibacterial effect of lime leaf extract to against Salmonella typhi bacteria. This research was initiated with extracting lime leaves, testing the chemical content of lime leaf extract, identifying bacteria, and testing the antibacterial activity of lime leaf extract using the disc diffusion method. The concentration of extract to used antibacterial activity test with diffusion methode was 2.5%; 5%; 10%. Positive control was chloramphenicol and negative control was DMSO 8%. based on kaffir lime leaf extract test, positively contained flavonoids, alkaloid tannins and saponins. Kaffir lime leaf extract has antibacterial activity for Salmonella thypi bacteria. The antibacterial activity test showed an average inhibition zone of 8 mm at a concentration of 2.5%, 9.6 mm at a concentration of 5% and 11.6 mm at a concentration of 10%.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75529134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.57912
R. Susanti, E. Puspitasari
Online learning is a big challenge for teachers and students, this is because teachers cannot see the learning process directly and students have learning difficulties. In addition, students cannot understand the material that has been delivered by the teacher online. This study aims to determine the causes of student learning difficulties in online learning and to determine efforts to overcome student learning difficulties in biology subjects.This research is a descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students who had learning difficulties and the biology teacher of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Tempuran with the object of this research being students who had learning difficulties during online learning. The sample used is class XI IPA with a population of 176 students. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire through the google form platform and interviews. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively.The results of data analysis showed that internal motivation indicators caused students' learning difficulties in understanding biology subjects during online learning, which was 75%. On external factors, social indicators cause students' learning difficulties in understanding biology subjects during online learning, which is 65%. Efforts to overcome students' learning difficulties do group study and independent study.
{"title":"KESULITAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING SELAMA MASA PANDEMI DI SMAN 1 TEMPURAN","authors":"R. Susanti, E. Puspitasari","doi":"10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.57912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.57912","url":null,"abstract":"Online learning is a big challenge for teachers and students, this is because teachers cannot see the learning process directly and students have learning difficulties. In addition, students cannot understand the material that has been delivered by the teacher online. This study aims to determine the causes of student learning difficulties in online learning and to determine efforts to overcome student learning difficulties in biology subjects.This research is a descriptive research. The subjects of this study were students who had learning difficulties and the biology teacher of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Tempuran with the object of this research being students who had learning difficulties during online learning. The sample used is class XI IPA with a population of 176 students. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire through the google form platform and interviews. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively.The results of data analysis showed that internal motivation indicators caused students' learning difficulties in understanding biology subjects during online learning, which was 75%. On external factors, social indicators cause students' learning difficulties in understanding biology subjects during online learning, which is 65%. Efforts to overcome students' learning difficulties do group study and independent study.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88960302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.56425
Jelita M.R. Kalli, Netri R. Sida, Kartini R. Ndai, Yesti R.Y. Danga, Ferdi U.H. Hamataka, Yubinanto Konda Meha, Anita Tamu Ina
Herbal medicinal plants are plants that can be used as medicine, either intentionally planted or growing wild. The benefits of herbal plants among the community to be mixed and served as medicine to cure diseases, perform certain biological functions with many benefits that can be obtained from herbal plants by utilizing plantation land as land to grow herbal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of herbal plants in the Lambanapu plantation area, East Sumba Regency. This research was carried out on Monday, April 25, 2022, which is located in the front of the Lambanapu plantation at SMP N. 1 Kambera, East Sumba Regency. The method used is the path/transect method with an observation plot measuring 6.25 x 3.75 m. Environmental factors are also measured including air temperature, soil pH and humidity. The results showed that the most dominant herbal plants in the lambanapu plantation were red spinach and kates mas.
草药植物是可以用作药物的植物，无论是故意种植的还是野生的。草本植物的益处在社区中混合，作为药物治疗疾病，具有一定的生物学功能，利用人工地作为土地种植草本植物可以获得许多益处。本研究的目的是确定东松巴县兰巴纳普人工林的草本植物类型。这项研究于2022年4月25日星期一进行，该研究位于东松巴县SMP N. 1 Kambera的Lambanapu种植园前面。采用路径/样条法，观测地块面积为6.25 x 3.75 m。环境因素也被测量，包括空气温度、土壤pH值和湿度。结果表明，蓝巴纳普人工林草本植物中最具优势的是红菠菜和红花。
{"title":"KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN HERBAL DI PERKEBUNAN LAMBANAPU KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR","authors":"Jelita M.R. Kalli, Netri R. Sida, Kartini R. Ndai, Yesti R.Y. Danga, Ferdi U.H. Hamataka, Yubinanto Konda Meha, Anita Tamu Ina","doi":"10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.56425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.56425","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicinal plants are plants that can be used as medicine, either intentionally planted or growing wild. The benefits of herbal plants among the community to be mixed and served as medicine to cure diseases, perform certain biological functions with many benefits that can be obtained from herbal plants by utilizing plantation land as land to grow herbal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of herbal plants in the Lambanapu plantation area, East Sumba Regency. This research was carried out on Monday, April 25, 2022, which is located in the front of the Lambanapu plantation at SMP N. 1 Kambera, East Sumba Regency. The method used is the path/transect method with an observation plot measuring 6.25 x 3.75 m. Environmental factors are also measured including air temperature, soil pH and humidity. The results showed that the most dominant herbal plants in the lambanapu plantation were red spinach and kates mas.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.55875
Eka Mardianti, Wolly Candramila, Laili Fitri Yeni
Students' knowledge of the diversity of sharks and rays needs to be known as a conservation effort. One of the fishing locations for sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) in West Kalimantan, especially Pontianak, is the TPI Sungai Kakap. This study aims to determine the category of knowledge of SUPM Negeri Pontianak students about the diversity of sharks and rays in Indonesia and West Kalimantan based on data from the catch of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) at TPI Sungai Kakap in October 2021. This study used a survey method by conducting inventory and identification of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) caught by fishermen in the Sungai Kakap TPI. Then the research instrument was made in the form of a questionnaire from the results of the identification carried out. The results of the identification of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) obtained were 9 species, 4 families and 340 individuals. The questionnaire consists of 17 questions with 2 components, namely characteristics and diversity of species and aspects of conservation. The questionnaire made was validated and tested first. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 30 students of class XI SUPM Negeri Pontianak. The knowledge of the SUPM Negeri Pontianak students is at a value of 34 which has a medium category, meaning that their knowledge must be improved again.
学生们对鲨鱼和鳐鱼多样性的了解需要被视为一种保护努力。在西加里曼丹，特别是Pontianak，鲨鱼和鳐鱼(亚纲Elasmobranchii)的捕捞地点之一是TPI Sungai Kakap。本研究旨在根据2021年10月在TPI Sungai Kakap捕获的鲨鱼和鳐鱼(亚纲Elasmobranchii)的数据，确定SUPM Negeri Pontianak学生对印度尼西亚和西加里曼丹鲨鱼和鳐鱼多样性的知识类别。本研究采用调查方法，对渔民在Sungai Kakap TPI捕获的鲨鱼和鳐(亚纲Elasmobranchii)进行了调查和鉴定。然后以调查问卷的形式对研究工具的结果进行了鉴定。获得的鲨鱼和鳐(鳃亚纲)鉴定结果为4科9种340只。调查问卷由17个问题组成，分为物种特征和多样性以及保护方面两个部分。首先对所制作的问卷进行验证和测试。本研究采用问卷调查的方式，对30名新加坡国立高等专科学校西班学生进行问卷调查。内杰里pontiak SUPM学生的知识值为34，属于中等类别，这意味着他们的知识必须再次提高。
{"title":"PENGETAHUAN SISWA SUPM NEGERI PONTIANAK TENTANG KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN IKAN HIU DAN PARI","authors":"Eka Mardianti, Wolly Candramila, Laili Fitri Yeni","doi":"10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.55875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26418/edunaturalia.v3i2.55875","url":null,"abstract":"Students' knowledge of the diversity of sharks and rays needs to be known as a conservation effort. One of the fishing locations for sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) in West Kalimantan, especially Pontianak, is the TPI Sungai Kakap. This study aims to determine the category of knowledge of SUPM Negeri Pontianak students about the diversity of sharks and rays in Indonesia and West Kalimantan based on data from the catch of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) at TPI Sungai Kakap in October 2021. This study used a survey method by conducting inventory and identification of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) caught by fishermen in the Sungai Kakap TPI. Then the research instrument was made in the form of a questionnaire from the results of the identification carried out. The results of the identification of sharks and rays (Subclass Elasmobranchii) obtained were 9 species, 4 families and 340 individuals. The questionnaire consists of 17 questions with 2 components, namely characteristics and diversity of species and aspects of conservation. The questionnaire made was validated and tested first. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 30 students of class XI SUPM Negeri Pontianak. The knowledge of the SUPM Negeri Pontianak students is at a value of 34 which has a medium category, meaning that their knowledge must be improved again.","PeriodicalId":53348,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Biologi Udayana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81474669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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