Fuelwood collection is one of the main human activities threatening giant pandasâ habitats. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of fuelwood consumption by households inside and around Chinaâs panda nature reserves. Finding these determinants is not only useful in understanding energy consumption behavior, but also for creating more effective policy to protect giant pandasâ habitats. We conducted a questionnaire survey in the Qinling mountain areas of Shaanxi province; 187 effective questionnaires from 16 villages in five nature reserves were collected and analyzed using a Tobit model. The results show that the average fuelwood consumption per household around panda nature reserves was 1.22 t in year 2017, and that there was no significant difference in fuelwood consumption between households inside or outside the nature reserves. Apart from household income, both the number of household members and ownership of energy-saving stoves show significant effects on fuelwood consumption. We conclude that the establishment of these nature reserves has not contributed towards decreasing fuelwood consumption inside the nature reserves, but it has transferred the harvesting location for fuelwood from inside the nature reserve to the outside. Since the increase in household income can significantly reduce the fuelwood consumption, policymakers should focus on how to increase rural household incomes to decrease fuelwood consumption. However, providing rural households around nature reserves with energy-saving stoves tends not to be an effective measure for reducing the fuelwood consumption.
{"title":"Determinants of Household Fuelwood Consumption in Giant Panda Nature Reserves","authors":"Wenhui Chen, Zhonggong Yang, Yijing Zhang","doi":"10.1561/112.00000528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000528","url":null,"abstract":"Fuelwood collection is one of the main human activities threatening giant pandasâ habitats. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of fuelwood consumption by households inside and around Chinaâs panda nature reserves. Finding these determinants is not only useful in understanding energy consumption behavior, but also for creating more effective policy to protect giant pandasâ habitats. We conducted a questionnaire survey in the Qinling mountain areas of Shaanxi province; 187 effective questionnaires from 16 villages in five nature reserves were collected and analyzed using a Tobit model. The results show that the average fuelwood consumption per household around panda nature reserves was 1.22 t in year 2017, and that there was no significant difference in fuelwood consumption between households inside or outside the nature reserves. Apart from household income, both the number of household members and ownership of energy-saving stoves show significant effects on fuelwood consumption. We conclude that the establishment of these nature reserves has not contributed towards decreasing fuelwood consumption inside the nature reserves, but it has transferred the harvesting location for fuelwood from inside the nature reserve to the outside. Since the increase in household income can significantly reduce the fuelwood consumption, policymakers should focus on how to increase rural household incomes to decrease fuelwood consumption. However, providing rural households around nature reserves with energy-saving stoves tends not to be an effective measure for reducing the fuelwood consumption.","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of Gender and Risk Preference on Forest Management Decisions of Rural Households in China: Evidence from Giant Panda Nature Reserves
性别和风险偏好对中国农户森林经营决策的影响——来自大熊猫自然保护区的证据
{"title":"Impact of Gender and Risk Preference on Forest Management Decisions of Rural Households in China: Evidence\u0000from Giant Panda Nature Reserves","authors":"Yijing Zhang, N. Hogarth, W. Duan","doi":"10.1561/112.00000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000529","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of Gender and Risk Preference on Forest Management Decisions of Rural Households in China: Evidence from Giant Panda Nature Reserves","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":"141-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Satellite-Based Weather Index Insurance Hedge the Mortality Risk of Pine Stands?","authors":"W. Kölle, M. Buchholz, O. Musshoff","doi":"10.1561/112.00000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67077774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin-tong Li, Fatemeh Mokhtarzadeh, G. C. van Kooten
{"title":"A Gravity Model of Softwood Lumber Trade: An Application to the Canada-U.S. Trade Dispute","authors":"Xin-tong Li, Fatemeh Mokhtarzadeh, G. C. van Kooten","doi":"10.1561/112.00000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67078626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Trade Flows: Evidence from the U.S.-Canada Trade in Forest Products","authors":"Jiangqin Xu, Jungho Baek","doi":"10.1561/112.00000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67079208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Delacote, A. Lobianco, S. Caurla, J. Bontemps, Anna Lungarska, P. Mérian, M. Riviere, A. Barkaoui
{"title":"The Loop Effect: How Climate Change Impacts the Mitigation Potential of the French Forest Sector","authors":"P. Delacote, A. Lobianco, S. Caurla, J. Bontemps, Anna Lungarska, P. Mérian, M. Riviere, A. Barkaoui","doi":"10.1561/112.00000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67077762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Li, Xiao Li, Zongli Zhang, Guangsheng Zhang, Min Gong
Furniture is large-volume durable goods, and the furniture purchase behavior is featured by live experience, large payment for a single purchase, and low frequency of purchase. We selected consumers who accept online furniture shopping behavior. This study on the online furniture purchase behavior of these potential customers would facilitate precise marketing activities for furniture e-commerce and build a full-line e-commerce model for large-volume durable goods. The revised UTAUT2 (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) model was used to design a questionnaire on the intention for online furniture purchase. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data obtained from the responses to questionnaires distributed among 277 Chinese consumers. By order of importance, the price value, performance expectancy, and social influence exerted a significant positive impact on online furniture purchase intention, while the perceived risk exerted a significant negative impact on consumersâ online purchase intention. Although the facilitating conditions exerted no significant impact on online shopping intention, they had a significant positive impact on the acceptance of online furniture shopping, just like purchase intention. Furthermore, gender, online shopping years, and online furniture purchasing experience exhibited a partial moderating effect on consumersâ online purchases of furniture. Thus, sellers can effectively promote consumersâ online furniture purchase by promotions, pricing, and service.
家具是大批量耐用品，家具购买行为表现为现场体验、单次购买支付金额大、购买频率低。我们选择了接受网上家具购物行为的消费者。通过对这些潜在客户的网上家具购买行为的研究，可以为家具电商的精准营销活动提供帮助，构建大批量耐用品的全线电商模式。采用修订后的UTAUT2 (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology)模型设计网上家具购买意向问卷。本文采用结构方程模型(SEM)对277名中国消费者的问卷调查结果进行了分析。按重要性排序，价格价值、性能期望和社会影响对消费者网上家具购买意愿产生显著的正向影响，而感知风险对消费者网上家具购买意愿产生显著的负向影响。便利条件虽然对网上购物意愿没有显著影响，但与购买意愿一样，对网上家具购物接受度有显著的正向影响。此外，性别、网上购物年限和网上家具购买经验对消费者网上购买家具表现出部分调节作用。因此，卖家可以通过促销、定价和服务等方式有效地促进消费者在网上购买家具。
{"title":"Understanding Consumers Online\u0000Furniture Purchase Behavior: An\u0000Updated UTAUT Perspective","authors":"Ying Li, Xiao Li, Zongli Zhang, Guangsheng Zhang, Min Gong","doi":"10.1561/112.00000516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000516","url":null,"abstract":"Furniture is large-volume durable goods, and the furniture purchase behavior is featured by live experience, large payment for a single purchase, and low frequency of purchase. We selected consumers who accept online furniture shopping behavior. This study on the online furniture purchase behavior of these potential customers would facilitate precise marketing activities for furniture e-commerce and build a full-line e-commerce model for large-volume durable goods. The revised UTAUT2 (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) model was used to design a questionnaire on the intention for online furniture purchase. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data obtained from the responses to questionnaires distributed among 277 Chinese consumers. By order of importance, the price value, performance expectancy, and social influence exerted a significant positive impact on online furniture purchase intention, while the perceived risk exerted a significant negative impact on consumersâ online purchase intention. Although the facilitating conditions exerted no significant impact on online shopping intention, they had a significant positive impact on the acceptance of online furniture shopping, just like purchase intention. Furthermore, gender, online shopping years, and online furniture purchasing experience exhibited a partial moderating effect on consumersâ online purchases of furniture. Thus, sellers can effectively promote consumersâ online furniture purchase by promotions, pricing, and service.","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"267-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47079475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Ismailova, Xiaoli L. Etienne, Shishir Shakya, F. Mattos
The impact of information release from public report announcements has been widely investigated in many commodity markets, but little attention has been paid to the lumber market. In this paper, we use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to examine the effect of two housing market reports, namely the New Residential Construction (Housing Starts) and the New Residential Sales reports, on the U.S. lumber futures market from 2000 to 2017. Our results suggest that the housing starts report indeed affects lumber market volatility, while the new home sales report exerts a minor impact. We further find that the effect of the two reports decreases with inventory levels and differs depending on the nature of the news. When the level of inventory is low, larger-than-expected housing starts has a more substantial effect than lower-than-expected housing starts. During periods of abundant stocks, however, lower-than-expected housing starts increase the volatility more than larger-than-expected news. For the new home sales reports, we find that while lower-than-expected sales do not affect lumber price volatility, larger-than-expected sales do increase the volatility.
{"title":"Quantifying the Announcement Effects\u0000in the U.S. Lumber Futures Market","authors":"Z. Ismailova, Xiaoli L. Etienne, Shishir Shakya, F. Mattos","doi":"10.1561/112.00000519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000519","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of information release from public report announcements has been widely investigated in many commodity markets, but little attention has been paid to the lumber market. In this paper, we use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to examine the effect of two housing market reports, namely the New Residential Construction (Housing Starts) and the New Residential Sales reports, on the U.S. lumber futures market from 2000 to 2017. Our results suggest that the housing starts report indeed affects lumber market volatility, while the new home sales report exerts a minor impact. We further find that the effect of the two reports decreases with inventory levels and differs depending on the nature of the news. When the level of inventory is low, larger-than-expected housing starts has a more substantial effect than lower-than-expected housing starts. During periods of abundant stocks, however, lower-than-expected housing starts increase the volatility more than larger-than-expected news. For the new home sales reports, we find that while lower-than-expected sales do not affect lumber price volatility, larger-than-expected sales do increase the volatility.","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"375-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47672070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural disasters such as a hurricane can result in massive timber loss in a forested region. Timber prices in the affected region can drop sharply at the beginning and then recover gradually. In this study, the determinants of timber price recovery and the magnitudes of their contributions are analyzed through a partial equilibrium displacement model. Hurricane Hugo of 1989 is used to calibrate the model for pine sawtimber and pulpwood markets separately in South Carolina, USA. The amount of timber inventory loss and intensity of salvage harvests are found to be the leading determinants behind timber price recovery, and they can explain the recovery thoroughly if the uncertainty of model inputs is also considered simultaneously. The impact of curve rotation (i.e., the change in demand or supply elasticity across the quarters) is small and hardly separable from that of model input uncertainty. A potential trade between the damaged and surrounding regions after the hurricane can be used to explain some of the price recoveries, but the amount of trade is likely to be small, especially for pulpwood.
{"title":"Timber Price Dynamics After a Natural Disaster: A Reappraisal","authors":"Changyou Sun","doi":"10.1561/112.00000520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000520","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters such as a hurricane can result in massive timber loss in a forested region. Timber prices in the affected region can drop sharply at the beginning and then recover gradually. In this study, the determinants of timber price recovery and the magnitudes of their contributions are analyzed through a partial equilibrium displacement model. Hurricane Hugo of 1989 is used to calibrate the model for pine sawtimber and pulpwood markets separately in South Carolina, USA. The amount of timber inventory loss and intensity of salvage harvests are found to be the leading determinants behind timber price recovery, and they can explain the recovery thoroughly if the uncertainty of model inputs is also considered simultaneously. The impact of curve rotation (i.e., the change in demand or supply elasticity across the quarters) is small and hardly separable from that of model input uncertainty. A potential trade between the damaged and surrounding regions after the hurricane can be used to explain some of the price recoveries, but the amount of trade is likely to be small, especially for pulpwood.","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"397-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forest-based sectors are in a period of significant transition due to climate change mitigation efforts, changes in forest products demand and other external mega-trends. This study applies a three-step Delphi process to identify the main drivers and formulate possible scenarios for the development of the Norwegian forest sector towards 2040. The impacts of these scenarios are analyzed with a partial equilibrium forest sector model covering the Nordic countries. Experts in the sectors expected a further decrease in demand for printing and writing paper, but a significant increase in wood-based biofuel production. A âconservativeâ scenario, with a prolongation of current trends and no wood-based biofuel production, leads to declining wood prices but still slightly increased harvest levels in the Nordic countriesâespecially in Norway, due to increased timber volumes available for harvest. In a âgreenâ scenario, the production of wood-based biofuels and new forest products increased, leading to higher wood prices from the end of the next decade. This will further decrease the production of printing paper.
{"title":"Prospects for the Norwegian Forest\u0000Sector: A Green Shift to Come?","authors":"E. Trømborg, E. Jåstad, T. Bolkesjø, P. Rørstad","doi":"10.1561/112.00000517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/112.00000517","url":null,"abstract":"The forest-based sectors are in a period of significant transition due to climate change mitigation efforts, changes in forest products demand and other external mega-trends. This study applies a three-step Delphi process to identify the main drivers and formulate possible scenarios for the development of the Norwegian forest sector towards 2040. The impacts of these scenarios are analyzed with a partial equilibrium forest sector model covering the Nordic countries. Experts in the sectors expected a further decrease in demand for printing and writing paper, but a significant increase in wood-based biofuel production. A âconservativeâ scenario, with a prolongation of current trends and no wood-based biofuel production, leads to declining wood prices but still slightly increased harvest levels in the Nordic countriesâespecially in Norway, due to increased timber volumes available for harvest. In a âgreenâ scenario, the production of wood-based biofuels and new forest products increased, leading to higher wood prices from the end of the next decade. This will further decrease the production of printing paper.","PeriodicalId":54831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"305-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46418479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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