Human Movement Science最新文献_第8页

Skill level influences the learning of a taekwondo-based serial task 技能水平影响跆拳道系列任务的学习

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103355

Cláudio Manoel Ferreira Leite , Marcelo da Silva Januário , Edson Filho , Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes , Leonardo Luiz Portes , Leszek Antoni Szmuchrowski , Rodolfo Novellino Benda

We investigated the influence of skill level on the learning of a new serial task in Taekwondo, along with the underlying aspects of the learning processes. Two groups of Taekwondo athletes, skilled and beginners, practiced a serial task based on basic TKD fighting movements on the first intervention day and were tested for retention in the following day. We recorded temporal elements of the task: response time (RespT), reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and the time interval between task components (TITC) to analyze performance throughout the acquisition phase and in the retention test, chunking, and the informational aspects related to task performance. Additionally, we investigated online and offline learning processes. Both groups learned the task, but the skilled participants exhibited greater improvements in performance, particularly in the retention test. Best performance of skilled participants appear to be linked to the benefits of chunking in serial tasks. Moreover, skilled participants required less information processing to complete the task, indicating automaticity effects related to chunking. Despite these differences, especially in terms of informational demands, both groups learned predominantly through online learning process. Increasing skill level enhances performance, and influences the learning of new motor skills in a specific sports domain. This advantage may be explained by the superior chunking ability demonstrated by skilled performers, likely resulting from larger experiences within Taekwondo, which facilitated the recombination of previously learned motor skills. The relationship between motor learning and skillfulness warrants further investigation for understanding motor learning itself, but can also assist professionals in organizing practice schedules in sports contexts.

我们研究了技术水平对跆拳道新系列任务学习的影响，以及学习过程的潜在方面。两组跆拳道运动员，熟练和初学者，在干预的第一天练习了一系列基于基本TKD格斗动作的任务，并在第二天进行了记忆力测试。我们记录了任务的时间要素：反应时间（RespT）、反应时间（RT）、移动时间（MT）和任务组件之间的时间间隔（TITC），以分析在整个习得阶段和在保留测试、分块和与任务性能相关的信息方面的表现。此外，我们还调查了在线和离线学习过程。两组都学会了任务，但熟练的参与者表现出更大的进步，特别是在记忆测试中。熟练参与者的最佳表现似乎与在连续任务中分块的好处有关。此外，熟练的参与者需要较少的信息处理来完成任务，这表明与分块相关的自动化效应。尽管存在这些差异，尤其是在信息需求方面，但两组学生都主要通过在线学习过程学习。提高技能水平可以提高表现，并影响特定运动领域新运动技能的学习。这种优势可以解释为熟练的表演者表现出的优越的分块能力，这可能是由于在跆拳道中有更大的经验，这有助于以前学过的运动技能的重组。运动学习和技能之间的关系值得进一步研究，以理解运动学习本身，但也可以帮助专业人士在运动环境中组织练习时间表。

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引用次数: 0

Mutual avoidance behaviours of two pedestrians passing through an aperture 两名行人通过缝隙时的相互回避行为

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103352

T.A. Holloway, M.E. Cinelli

Humans use visual information to safely guide locomotion to avoid collisions with objects or other people within cluttered environments. The purpose of the current study was to examine head-on mutual avoidance behaviours of two young adults when approaching an aperture from opposite sides. It was hypothesized that when two young adults are on a collision course, both pedestrians would accurately perceive the difference in arrival time between one another to predict and maintain passing order through an aperture. Nineteen young adults (

\bar{x} = 21.35 \pm 0.49

years, 9 males and 10 females) participated in the study and interacted with a female research assistant (RA) (22 years, 157.5 cm). Starting at one of two locations on opposite sides of a 10 m pathway, the participant and the RA were instructed to approach one another, and mutually decide who would pass first through an aperture located halfway (5 m) along the path. Kinematic trunk data was collected from both the participant and the RA using the Optotrak motion analysis system. The results revealed that the walkers were able to accurately perceive and maintain the predicted order of crossing (i.e., predicted order matched their observed crossing order) on 90.9 % of the trials. This finding indicate that individuals are in-tune to the visual information necessary in determining and maintaining crossing order, such that the walker passing second (P2) slowed down and deviated from the path to allow the other walker (P1) to pass through the doorway first. Additionally, it was revealed that individuals distribute their gaze fixations equally between the aperture and the approaching person prior to crossing the aperture. The results suggest that when two young adults are approaching a doorway from opposite sides, they may rely on the coupling of two optical expansion rates, or tau-coupling, to determine crossing order as indicated by the low number of inversions. While gaze behaviours are coupled with locomotion to maintaining path trajectory and determining crossing order.

在混乱的环境中，人类使用视觉信息来安全地引导运动，以避免与物体或其他人发生碰撞。当前研究的目的是检查两个年轻人在从相反的方向接近一个孔时正面相互回避的行为。假设当两个年轻人处于碰撞过程时，两个行人都能准确地感知到彼此到达时间的差异，从而预测和维持通过缝隙的通行秩序。19名年轻成人（x¯=21.35±0.49岁，男9名，女10名）参与了研究，并与一名女性研究助理（RA）（22岁，157.5 cm）进行了互动。从10米路径两侧的两个位置中的一个开始，参与者和RA被指示彼此接近，并相互决定谁将首先通过位于路径中间（5米）的孔。使用Optotrak运动分析系统收集参与者和RA的运动学主干数据。结果显示，在90.9%的试验中，步行者能够准确地感知并保持预测的穿越顺序（即预测顺序与他们观察到的穿越顺序相匹配）。这一发现表明，个体对决定和维持穿越顺序所必需的视觉信息是一致的，例如，经过第二步行者（P2）的步行者会放慢速度并偏离路径，让另一个步行者（P1）先通过门口。此外，研究还发现，在穿过光圈之前，个体在光圈和接近的人之间平均分配了他们的注视。结果表明，当两个年轻的成年人从相对的两侧接近门口时，他们可能依赖于两个光学膨胀率的耦合，或tau耦合，以确定交叉顺序，这表明反转的数量较少。而注视行为则与运动相结合，以维持路径轨迹和确定交叉顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of posterior parietal cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on ankle tracking visuomotor control in healthy young adults 后顶叶阳极经颅直流电刺激对健康青年踝关节追踪视觉运动控制的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103351

I-Fei Cho , Chi-Chao Chao , Ta-Te Lin , Yuan Yang , Pei-Fang Tang

Ankle motor control is crucial for balance maintenance and fall prevention. Neurocomputational models of motor control suggest that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a critical role in estimating body and environmental states, a process fundamental to motor control. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) has been shown to modulate cortical excitability and alter behaviors accordingly. This study explored the impact of atDCS over the PPC on ankle tracking visuomotor control using a motor adaptation research paradigm in healthy young adults. Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an atDCS or sham control group. All participants completed an ankle tracking experiment divided into three phases: pre-adaptation, adaptation, and re-adaptation, with each phase comprising eight blocks of five trials. During the experiment, each participant wore a sensor on the non-dominant foot and performed continuous dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements to track a target cursor on a screen. Visual feedback of the foot position was provided, with a 1:1 feedback ratio in the pre- and re-adaptation phases and a 2.5:1 ratio in the adaptation phase to promote visual-motor remapping. The atDCS group received 20 min of 2 mA atDCS over the PPC during the adaptation phase. Tracking performance on each trial was measured as the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the target and actual movement trajectories. Both groups showed similar RMSEs in the pre-adaptation phase (p > 0.05). However, in the adaptation phase, the atDCS group demonstrated a significant reduction from block 1 to block 2 (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.86) and maintained this improved performance in the following blocks, while the sham group showed no significant changes throughout this phase (p > 0.05). In the re-adaptation phase, both groups quickly returned to their pre-adaptation performance levels. These findings indicate that neither the atDCS nor the sham group adapted to the high visual feedback ratio. However, the early reduction in RMSE observed in the atDCS group suggests that atDCS over the PPC may transiently enhance ankle tracking visuomotor control under the heightened visual feedback ratio condition, resulting in short-term improvements. Future research is warranted to explore whether multiple atDCS sessions over the PPC could provide long-term benefits for lower extremity visuomotor control.

踝关节运动控制对保持平衡和防止跌倒至关重要。运动控制的神经计算模型表明，后顶叶皮层（PPC）在估计身体和环境状态方面起着关键作用，这是运动控制的基础过程。阳极经颅直流电刺激（atDCS）已被证明可以调节皮质兴奋性并相应地改变行为。本研究采用运动适应研究范式，探讨了atDCS与PPC对健康年轻人踝关节跟踪视觉运动控制的影响。38名参与者被随机分配到atDCS组或假对照组。所有参与者都完成了脚踝跟踪实验，实验分为三个阶段：预适应、适应和再适应，每个阶段包括8个区块，共5个试验。在实验过程中，每个参与者在非优势足上佩戴传感器，并进行连续的背屈和跖屈运动，以跟踪屏幕上的目标光标。提供足部位置的视觉反馈，预适应和再适应阶段的反馈比例为1:1，适应阶段的反馈比例为2.5:1，以促进视觉-运动重映射。在适应阶段，atDCS组在PPC上接受20分钟的2 mA atDCS。每次试验的跟踪性能以目标与实际运动轨迹之间的均方根误差（RMSE）来衡量。两组在预适应阶段rmse相似(p >；0.05)。然而，在适应阶段，atDCS组表现出从第1块到第2块的显著降低（p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.86），并在接下来的块中保持这种改善的表现，而假手术组在整个阶段没有显着变化(p >；0.05)。在再适应阶段，两组都迅速恢复到适应前的表现水平。这些发现表明，atDCS组和假手术组都不适应高视觉反馈比。然而，在atDCS组中观察到的RMSE的早期降低表明，在视觉反馈比升高的情况下，atDCS优于PPC可能会短暂地增强踝关节跟踪视觉运动控制，从而导致短期改善。未来的研究需要探索在PPC上进行多次atDCS会话是否可以为下肢视觉运动控制提供长期益处。

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引用次数: 0

How do the motor efficiency and visuo-spatial skills of primary school children relate to their teachers' evaluation of visuo-spatial skills? 小学生的运动效率和视觉空间技能与教师的视觉空间技能评价有何关系？

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103342

Maria Chiara Fastame , Micaela Porta , Bruno Leban , Federico Arippa , Giulia Casu , Massimiliano Pau

This study mainly intended to examine whether the objective motor and visuospatial measures assessed in school-aged children predicted the evaluations expressed by their teachers. Moreover, it was investigated whether the pupils identified by their teachers as those with the poorest visuospatial skills also exhibited the worst performance in an instrumentally administered functional mobility task using wearable inertial sensors. Non-verbal fluid reasoning, visuospatial fluency, spatial understanding, and mobility (i.e., the instrumented Timed Up and Go test, iTUG) were assessed in 116 children (M_age = 105.4 months, SD = 16.4 months) attending several Italian primary schools, whereas their teachers completed the visuospatial subtest of the Shortened Visuospatial questionnaire for teachers (i.e., SVS-vs). Statistically significant associations were found between the SVS-vs score, certain psychological measures, and the time required to perform the intermediate and final 180° turn in the iTUG task. Then, approximately 30 % of the variance in the SVS-vs condition was predicted by non-verbal reasoning, spatial understanding, and the time required to perform the final 180° turn in the iTUG task. Finally, children who reported the lowest SVS-vs scores were slower in performing the 180° intermediate turn of the iTUG test than the group who exhibited the highest SVS-vs scores.

本研究旨在探讨学龄儿童的客观运动和视觉空间测量是否能预测其教师的评价。此外，研究人员还调查了被老师认为视觉空间技能最差的学生，是否在使用可穿戴惯性传感器的工具管理的功能性移动任务中表现最差。对在意大利几所小学上学的116名儿童（Mage = 105.4个月，SD = 16.4个月）进行了非语言流体推理、视觉空间流畅性、空间理解和移动性（即仪器Timed Up and Go测试，iTUG）的评估，而他们的老师则完成了教师缩短视觉空间问卷的视觉空间子测试（即SVS-vs）。统计上发现，在SVS-vs得分、某些心理测量和完成iTUG任务的中间和最后180°转弯所需的时间之间存在显著的关联。然后，通过非语言推理、空间理解和完成iTUG任务中最后180°转弯所需的时间来预测svs条件中大约30%的方差。最后，报告SVS-vs得分最低的儿童在执行iTUG测试的180°中间转弯时比表现出SVS-vs得分最高的组慢。

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引用次数: 0

Association between fine motor function and fundamental cooking skills in preschool-aged children 学龄前儿童精细运动功能与基本烹饪技能的关系

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340

Rachael Harmon, Matthew Beerse, Diana Cuy Castellanos

Background

Early exposure to performing cooking skills at a young age might have the dual capability to improve nutrition behavior and fine motor function. While some evidence has demonstrated the positive benefits for nutrition behavior, there is a paucity of evidence relating cooking skills to fine motor function.

Research question

Is better cooking skills (CS) performance associated with better fine motor skills (FMS) in preschool-aged children and what are the shoulder and elbow joint control strategies employed during cooking skill performance?

Methods

We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of preschool-aged children. Thirty-eight participants aged 3–5 years (17 males, 20 females; mean age = 3.89 years, sd = 0.7 years) were recruited through non-randomized, convenience sampling. Participants completed the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and Circle Drawing Test to assess fine motor skills, and four CS: stirring, mashing, spooning, and spreading. A piloted criterion-based test was implemented to score both the outcome and movement performance of each CS. Total CS ability was calculated as the summed total of each CS composite score. An inertial measurement unit motion capture system registered elbow and shoulder joint kinematics during the performance of the cooking skills.

Results and significance

Correlation analyses indicated that better NHPT performance was associated with higher total CS score, mashing performance, and spreading performance. In general, children that demonstrated better fine motor function via the NHPT maintained a more anatomically neutral shoulder joint position and faster average joint velocities during the performance of CS. Independent t-tests indicated that there were no sex differences between male and female children on the CS nor FMS performance. Our results demonstrated preliminary evidence suggesting an association between cooking skills performance and fine motor function, as well as initial characterization of cooking skill movement patterns associated with more adept fine motor control.

背景从小接触烹饪技巧可能具有改善营养行为和精细运动功能的双重能力。虽然有一些证据表明烹饪对营养行为有积极的好处，但很少有证据表明烹饪技能与精细运动功能有关。研究问题：学龄前儿童更好的烹饪技能（CS）表现是否与更好的精细运动技能（FMS）相关？烹饪技能表现中采用的肩关节和肘关节控制策略是什么？方法对学龄前儿童进行观察性横断面研究。参与者38人，年龄3-5岁(男17人，女20人；平均年龄= 3.89岁（sd = 0.7岁），采用非随机、方便抽样方法招募。参与者完成了九孔钉测试（NHPT）和画圈测试，以评估精细运动技能，以及四个CS：搅拌，捣碎，舀和摊开。采用一种基于标准的试验来对每个CS的结果和运动表现进行评分。总CS能力计算为各CS综合得分的总和。惯性测量单元运动捕捉系统记录了烹饪技能表演期间肘关节和肩关节的运动学。结果与显著性相关分析表明，较好的NHPT成绩与较高的CS总分、捣碎成绩和传播成绩相关。一般来说，通过NHPT表现出更好的精细运动功能的儿童在进行CS时保持了更解剖中性的肩关节位置和更快的平均关节速度。独立t检验表明，男女儿童在CS和FMS成绩上没有性别差异。我们的研究结果证明了初步证据，表明烹饪技能表现与精细运动功能之间存在关联，以及烹饪技能运动模式与更熟练的精细运动控制相关的初步表征。

{"title":"Association between fine motor function and fundamental cooking skills in preschool-aged children","authors":"Rachael Harmon, Matthew Beerse, Diana Cuy Castellanos","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early exposure to performing cooking skills at a young age might have the dual capability to improve nutrition behavior and fine motor function. While some evidence has demonstrated the positive benefits for nutrition behavior, there is a paucity of evidence relating cooking skills to fine motor function.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is better cooking skills (CS) performance associated with better fine motor skills (FMS) in preschool-aged children and what are the shoulder and elbow joint control strategies employed during cooking skill performance?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of preschool-aged children. Thirty-eight participants aged 3–5 years (17 males, 20 females; mean age = 3.89 years, sd = 0.7 years) were recruited through non-randomized, convenience sampling. Participants completed the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and Circle Drawing Test to assess fine motor skills, and four CS: stirring, mashing, spooning, and spreading. A piloted criterion-based test was implemented to score both the outcome and movement performance of each CS. Total CS ability was calculated as the summed total of each CS composite score. An inertial measurement unit motion capture system registered elbow and shoulder joint kinematics during the performance of the cooking skills.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>Correlation analyses indicated that better NHPT performance was associated with higher total CS score, mashing performance, and spreading performance. In general, children that demonstrated better fine motor function via the NHPT maintained a more anatomically neutral shoulder joint position and faster average joint velocities during the performance of CS. Independent <em>t</em>-tests indicated that there were no sex differences between male and female children on the CS nor FMS performance. Our results demonstrated preliminary evidence suggesting an association between cooking skills performance and fine motor function, as well as initial characterization of cooking skill movement patterns associated with more adept fine motor control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of robot-assisted gait training on trunk symmetry improvement in patients with chronic hemiplegia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial 机器人辅助步态训练对慢性偏瘫患者躯干对称性改善的影响：一项随机、单盲临床试验

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103339

Young Hyoun Rha , Jun Bum Shin , Jee Hwan Choi , Sang Min Im , Im Kyoung Shin

Background

Stroke-induced gait impairments often result in asymmetrical trunk alignment, affecting mobility and quality of life of patients. This randomized, single-blind clinical trial investigated the efficacy of robot-assisted gait training in addressing this issue and explored its impact on lower limb functions.

Methods

Fifty patients with chronic stroke were included in this study, with one group receiving traditional rehabilitation therapy and the other receiving additional robot-assisted gait training session. Participants in the robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) group underwent 30-min session, thrice per week for 4 weeks, totaling 12 sessions, in addition to traditional rehabilitation therapy. All participants underwent preintervention assessments, with reassessments at 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention. We assessed trunk symmetry and gait parameters, including step time, step length, separation line, and foot force, along with knee joint extensor muscle strength and stiffness.

Findings

Significant improvements in trunk symmetry were observed in the RAGT group (F(2,46) = 35.52, p < 0.001, η² = 0.607). Changes in step length asymmetry were significant for both groups (p < 0.000 each) without intergroup differences, whereas paralyzed knee extensor strength showed greater improvement in the RAGT group (p < 0.001).

Interpretation

The study findings revealed significant improvements in trunk symmetry and muscle strength among patients receiving RAGT. These results underscore the promising role of RAGT in stroke rehabilitation. Thus, proper gait patterns may contribute to maintaining a healthy posture.

中风引起的步态障碍常导致躯干排列不对称，影响患者的活动能力和生活质量。这项随机、单盲临床试验研究了机器人辅助步态训练在解决这一问题方面的效果，并探讨了其对下肢功能的影响。方法50例慢性脑卒中患者，一组接受传统康复治疗，另一组接受机器人辅助步态训练。机器人辅助步态训练（RAGT）组的参与者在传统康复治疗的基础上进行30分钟的训练，每周三次，共12次，持续4周。所有参与者都进行了干预前评估，并在干预后2周和4周进行了重新评估。我们评估了躯干对称性和步态参数，包括步长、步长、分离线和足力，以及膝关节伸肌力量和刚度。结果：RAGT组躯干对称性显著改善(F(2,46) = 35.52, p <；0.001, η2 = 0.607)。两组患者步长不对称性变化均显著(p <；0.000每个)没有组间差异，而瘫痪膝伸肌力量在RAGT组有更大的改善(p <；0.001)。研究结果显示，接受RAGT治疗的患者躯干对称性和肌肉力量有显著改善。这些结果强调了RAGT在脑卒中康复中的重要作用。因此，适当的步态模式可能有助于保持健康的姿势。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic balance of persons with unilateral upper limb absence when responding to a walking disturbance 单侧上肢缺失者对行走障碍的动态平衡反应

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103338

Clare Severe , Jenny A. Kent , Paul Hammond II , Matthew J. Major

Background

A high prevalence of falls has been reported in individuals with upper limb absence (ULA). This prevalence is increased in upper limb prosthesis users. It is possible that ULA and prosthesis use may alter recovery mechanisms in response to a perturbation.

Research question

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reactive response of individuals with unilateral transradial ULA to perturbations during walking compared to control participants, and to determine the effect of prosthesis use on perturbation response strategies and resultant dynamics.

Methods

10 upper limb prosthesis users and 10 matched able-bodied control participants completed two walking treadmill tasks: 1) a steady-state walking baseline trial at 1.0 m/s, and 2) 12 perturbation trials containing an unexpected, rapid treadmill belt acceleration and deceleration while walking. Six perturbations were delivered to each leg during single limb stance. Prosthesis users completed both tasks with and without their customary prosthesis.

Whole-body angular momentum ranges (L_range) in each plane during baseline and perturbation response were compared between prosthesis users and controls using one-sided independent t-tests. A two-way repeated measures ANCOVA, with years of prosthesis use modeled as a covariate, assessed the main and interaction effects of prosthesis use and perturbation side of L_range in three planes, and shoulder add-abduction and flexion-extension ranges in prosthesis users.

Results and significance

Prosthesis users exhibited greater L_range than controls during baseline and perturbation response, in the sagittal-plane only. L_range during perturbation response was significantly greater when the prosthesis was not worn, also in the sagittal-plane only. Perturbations may present a greater recovery challenge to people with transradial ULA partially due to a mass and inertia imbalance between the sound and impaired limbs when not wearing a prosthesis. Holistic rehabilitation regimes including both prosthesis and balance training should be considered for ULA populations.

背景：据报道，上肢缺失（ULA）患者的跌倒发生率很高。在上肢假体使用者中患病率增加。这是可能的ULA和假体的使用可能会改变恢复机制，以响应扰动。研究问题：本研究的目的是研究单侧经桡骨ULA患者在行走过程中对摄动的反应性反应，并确定假体使用对摄动反应策略和结果动力学的影响。方法10名上肢假肢使用者和10名匹配的健全对照者完成了两项跑步机行走任务：1)1.0 m/s的稳态行走基线试验，2)12项摄动试验，其中包括行走时意外的快速跑步机带加速和减速。在单肢站立时，对每条腿进行6次扰动。假体使用者使用和不使用他们习惯的假体完成了两项任务。采用单侧独立t检验比较假体使用者和对照组在基线和扰动反应期间每个平面的全身角动量范围（Lrange）。采用双向重复测量ANCOVA，将假体使用年限建模为协变量，评估假体使用和Lrange摄动侧在三个平面上的主效应和交互效应，以及假体使用者肩部外展和屈伸范围。结果和意义假体使用者在基线和摄动反应中表现出比对照组更大的Lrange，仅在矢状面。当假体未被磨损时，摄动响应期间的Lrange明显更大，也仅在矢状面。摄动可能会给桡骨侧ULA患者带来更大的恢复挑战，部分原因是当不佩戴假体时，声音和受损肢体之间的质量和惯性不平衡。对于ULA人群，应考虑包括假体和平衡训练在内的整体康复制度。

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引用次数: 0

Collision avoidance behaviours in chronic non-specific low back pain participants: A prospective cohort study 慢性非特异性腰痛参与者的避碰行为：一项前瞻性队列研究

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335

Agathe Bilhaut , Mathieu Ménard , Olivier Roze , Simon Ozan , Rébecca Crolan , Phillippe Carson-Jouzel , Armel Crétual , Anne-Hélène Olivier

Objective

Chronic non-specific low back pain (cNSLBP) is a leading cause of disability, influenced by bio-psycho-social factors. However, its impact on everyday activities such as navigating streets and interacting with other pedestrians remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the effect of cNSLBP on perceptual-motor processes in a pedestrian crossing task, focusing on 1) collision avoidance behaviours, 2) the walker's role in avoiding collisions, and 3) the influence of pain perception.

Methods

Seventeen asymptomatic adults (AA, 11 females, 46.4 ± 12.8 years) and seventeen cNSLBP participants (10 females, 47.9 ± 12.7 years) performed a task involving crossing paths at a 90° angle with another walker. Participants interacted in three groups pairings: AA-AA, AA-cNSLBP, and cNSLBP-cNSLBP. Key metrics included crossing order inversion, collision risk threshold informing movement adaptation, crossing distance, and the walker's contribution (speed/orientation).

Results and discussion

No significant differences were observed between groups for the collision risk threshold (≈0.93 m) or crossing distance (≈0.8 m). However, cNSLBP participants exhibited distinct avoidance strategies, especially in cNSLBP-cNSLBP interactions, which showed more frequent inversions. When crossing first, cNSLBP participants contributed less, whereas when crossing second, they contributed more, primarily by adjusting their speed. A significant negative correlation emerged between depression scores and the level of contribution when cNSLBP participants crossed second.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that pain perception may influence collision avoidance behaviours. Further research, potentially incorporating virtual reality, is needed to control environmental factors and deepen our understanding of these interactions.

目的慢性非特异性腰痛（cNSLBP）是导致残疾的主要原因，受生物、心理和社会因素的影响。然而，它对日常活动的影响，如导航街道和与其他行人的互动，仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估cNSLBP对行人过马路任务中感知-运动过程的影响，重点关注1)避碰行为，2)步行者在避碰中的作用，以及3)疼痛感知的影响。方法17名无症状成人（AA， 11名女性，46.4±12.8岁）和17名cNSLBP参与者（10名女性，47.9±12.7岁）与另一名步行者以90°角穿过路径的任务。参与者以三组配对进行互动：AA-AA、AA-cNSLBP和cNSLBP-cNSLBP。关键指标包括交叉顺序反转、碰撞风险阈值、交叉距离和步行者的贡献（速度/方向）。结果与讨论碰撞风险阈值（≈0.93 m）和穿越距离（≈0.8 m）两组间无显著差异，但cNSLBP参与者表现出不同的回避策略，特别是在cNSLBP-cNSLBP相互作用中，表现出更频繁的反转。当第一次穿越时，cNSLBP参与者的贡献较少，而当第二次穿越时，他们的贡献更多，主要是通过调整速度。当cNSLBP参与者过秒时，抑郁得分与贡献水平呈显著负相关。结论疼痛感知对避碰行为有影响。需要进一步的研究，包括潜在的虚拟现实，来控制环境因素并加深我们对这些相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

External versus internal focus enhances motor performance and learning in children with different visuospatial working memory capacities 外部焦点与内部焦点对不同视觉空间工作记忆能力儿童的运动表现和学习能力有促进作用

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103327

Saeed Nazari Kakvandi , Hesam Ramezanzade , Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah , Yousri Elghoul , Reza Abdollahipour

Research has shown that external focus (EF) instructions—directing attention to intended movement effects (e.g., ball's or dart's path)—are more effective for enhancing motor performance and learning than internal focus (IF) instructions, which focus on body movements (e.g., arm or foot motion). Nonetheless, the impact of visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC) in this context, especially among children, has been less investigated. This research sought to examine the effects of EF compared to IF on the skill acquisition and motor learning of a dart-throwing task among children with both high and low visuospatial WMC. Forty-eight boys aged 9–11 (Mage: 9.67 ± 0.76 years) were grouped by high or low WMC based on spatial span and memory tests, then assigned to receive either EF or IF instructions. The experiment comprised three stages: practice, retention, and two transfer tests, including throwing from a longer distance and a dual-task scenario with added cognitive load (tone counting). Results showed that EF outperformed IF at all stages. While WMC did not affect performance during practice and retention, children with low WMC performed better than those with high WMC during the longer distance test. In dual-task conditions, an EF continued to surpass an IF, whilst the WMC exerted no significant impact. The present findings suggest that an EF relative to an IF promotes more automatic movement and enhanced multitasking, while the impact of visuospatial WMC was less than expected, highlighting the benefits of EF in teaching motor skills to children, regardless of visuospatial WMC.

研究表明，外部焦点（EF）指令-将注意力引导到预期的运动效果（例如，球或飞镖的路径）-比内部焦点（IF）指令（专注于身体运动（例如，手臂或脚的运动））对提高运动表现和学习更有效。然而，在这种情况下，视觉空间工作记忆容量（WMC）的影响，特别是在儿童中，研究较少。本研究旨在检验在高、低视觉空间WMC儿童中，EF与IF对掷飞镖任务技能习得和运动学习的影响。选取48名年龄在9-11岁（年龄：9.67±0.76岁）的男孩，根据空间广度和记忆测试的WMC高低分组，分别接受EF或IF指令。实验包括三个阶段：练习、保持和两个转移测试，包括从更远的距离投掷和增加认知负荷的双任务场景（音调计数）。结果显示，EF在各阶段均优于IF。WMC不影响练习和记忆的表现，但低WMC的儿童在长距离测试中的表现优于高WMC的儿童。在双任务条件下，EF继续超过IF，而WMC没有显著影响。目前的研究结果表明，EF相对于IF能促进更多的自动运动和增强的多任务处理，而视觉空间WMC的影响比预期的要小，这突出了EF在教授儿童运动技能方面的好处，无论视觉空间WMC如何。

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引用次数: 0

Acute effects of voluntary breathing patterns on postural control during walking 行走时自主呼吸模式对姿势控制的急性影响。

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103326

Dimitris N. Karagiannakis, Dimitris G. Mandalidis

Introduction

Breathing and postural control is reported to be both neuromuscularly and mechanically interdependent. To date, the effects of voluntary abdominal and thoracic breathing (VAB and VTB) on the EMG activity of muscles involved in both respiratory and postural functions, as well as gait biomechanics related to these breathing patterns, have not been investigated in young, healthy adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the EMG responses of neck and trunk muscles, as well as the kinematic, stability, and kinetic parameters of gait induced by VAB and VTB compared to involuntary breathing (INB).

Methods

Twenty-four healthy, physically active participants (12 men and 12 females) were required to complete three two-minute walking sessions on an instrumented treadmill (e.g. devices with capacitive sensors embedded beneath the running belt) at 5.0 km h⁻¹, first with INB and then alternatively with VAB and VTB. A respiratory inductive plethysmography unit was used to provide real-time visual feedback of the breathing pattern performed by each participant. The EMG activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius (UT), thoracic and lumbar erector spinae (TES and LES), as well as spatiotemporal (step width, stride length, stride time, stance phase, swing phase, and cadence), stability (anteroposterior and mediolateral center of pressure trajectory), and dynamic gait parameters (vertical ground reaction forces, vGRF) were recorded during each testing condition.

Results

Our findings revealed that both voluntary breathing patterns significantly affected the EMG activity of the SCM (p < 0.01) and UT (p < 0.05), with the activity between these muscles, as expressed by the SCM:UT ratio, being more balanced during VAB (0.94) and VTB (1.05) compared to INB (0.73). Additionally, VAB walking led to a narrower step width (p < 0.01) and reduced vGRF over the forefoot (p < 0.01) compared to INB walking. Neither VAB nor VTB influenced the activation levels of the LES and TES, nor did they affect other spatiotemporal, stability, or dynamic gait parameters (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that certain gait parameters (e.g. step width, forefoot vGRFs) are primarily influenced by VAB compared to INB, likely due to the more balanced activation of the SCM and UT muscles. This balanced activation may enhance head stability and control during walking, thereby contributing to improved postural control.

简介：据报道，呼吸和姿势控制是神经肌肉和机械相互依赖的。迄今为止，尚未在年轻健康成人中研究自主腹胸呼吸（VAB和VTB）对参与呼吸和姿势功能的肌肉肌电图活动的影响，以及与这些呼吸模式相关的步态生物力学。本研究的目的是评估颈部和躯干肌肉的肌电反应，以及与不自主呼吸（INB）相比，VAB和VTB诱导的步态的运动学、稳定性和动力学参数。方法：24名身体健康、身体活跃的参与者（12名男性和12名女性）被要求在跑步机上以5.0 km h-1的速度（例如，在跑步带下面嵌入电容式传感器的装置）完成3次两分钟的步行，首先使用INB，然后交替使用VAB和VTB。使用呼吸感应容积描记仪提供每个参与者呼吸模式的实时视觉反馈。记录各测试工况下胸锁乳突肌（SCM）、上斜方肌（UT）、胸腰椎竖脊肌（TES和LES）的肌电活动，以及时空（步宽、步幅、步幅时间、站立相位、摆动相位、节奏）、稳定性（前后、中外侧压力中心轨迹）和动态步态参数（垂直地反力，vGRF）。结果：我们的研究结果显示，两种自主呼吸方式均显著影响SCM的肌电图活动（p < 0.05）。结论：我们的研究结果表明，与INB相比，VAB主要影响某些步态参数（例如步宽，前足vgrf），可能是由于SCM和UT肌肉的激活更为平衡。这种平衡的激活可以增强行走时头部的稳定性和控制力，从而有助于改善姿势控制。

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引用次数: 0