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Designing the Kè Symbol from the Chinese Bagua Symbol: The Case of the Bamilekes of Western Cameroon 从中国八卦图设计Kè符号——以喀麦隆西部巴米勒克人为例
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.11648/J.ELLC.20210602.12
Djoukwo Tsanetse Majolie Carine, Aihong Wang, Elise Limunga Linda
Among the Bamileke tribe in the West region of Cameroon, is a unique phenomenon known as Ke. That is a demonstration of spiritual, philosophical, religious, and magical concepts. A similar concept exists in China, expressed by the divinatory symbol of "Bagua," or "eight figures of divination." It is a basic philosophical idea from ancient China that was incorporated into "Taoism," "Yi Jing," "Feng Shui," martial arts, and navigation. The Chinese term denotes an octagonal diagram incorporating a "trigram" different from each side, representing the different aspects of the "Yin" and "Yang". Inspired by this concept of duality, we have set up a method of artistic creation allowing both juxtapose and merging the symbolic elements of the local Bamileke culture, especially those involved during Ke ceremonies. The method consists of associating the signs and symbols relating to the man and the woman concerning Yin and Yang and merging the local signs regarding trigrams. The goal is to translate the idea of complementarity that emerges from the Chinese symbol using the elements of the Bamileke crop. These multiple compositions lead to a series of figures that are similar to the Bagua symbol in their central parts. As for the four branches that contain mergers, they are inspired by the Bamileke divinatory symbol which is none other than a stylized Mygale spider. Because of their structures, these different proposals reflect the concept of Ke in the Bamileke and can validly represent it. It can therefore be appreciated on different objects and other supports put to contribution for the smooth running of the related festivities.
在喀麦隆西部地区的巴米莱克部落中,有一种被称为Ke的独特现象。这是精神、哲学、宗教和魔法概念的展示。在中国也有类似的概念,用占卜符号“八卦”或“占卜的八个数字”来表达。它是中国古代的一种基本哲学思想,被“道教”、“易经”、“风水”、武术和航海学所融合。这个中国术语指的是一个八角形的图表,每边都有一个不同的“三角”,代表“阴”和“阳”的不同方面。受这种二元概念的启发,我们建立了一种艺术创作方法,允许将当地巴米勒克文化的象征元素,特别是在克仪式中涉及的符号元素并列和融合。该方法包括将与阴阳有关的男人和女人的标志和符号联系起来,并合并有关八卦的当地标志。我们的目标是用巴米勒克作物的元素来翻译中国符号中出现的互补性的概念。这些多重构图导致了一系列与八卦符号在其中心部分相似的人物。至于包含合并的四个分支,它们的灵感来自巴米莱克占卜符号,这正是一个风格化的Mygale蜘蛛。由于它们的结构不同,这些不同的提案反映了巴米莱克的“克”概念,并能有效地代表它。因此,它可以在不同的对象和其他支持上得到赞赏,为相关庆祝活动的顺利进行做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Illness Narrative Tactics and Eco-philosophy in Rick Bass’s Nature Stories 巴斯《自然故事》中的疾病叙事策略与生态哲学
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.ELLC.20210602.11
Long Yanxia
Rick Bass’s nature stories are the stories of people adventuring in the wilderness. It is different from the traditional nature works mainly focusing on nature or animals to show the de-anthropocentric thoughts straightforward. In Bass’s nature works, ill people exist in most of his stories. The narrative tactics of ill people and their diseases play an important role in expressing Rick Bass’s ecological thoughts. In some stories, the description of ill people is long and complicated, but the narrative of animals is short; and in some other stories, the narrative of ill people is simple, but the narrative of animals is long and detailed. With such imbalanced narrative, Rick Bass shows the imbalanced situation between human beings and non-human beings in his stories to reflect and respond to the imbalanced situation between human beings and non-human beings in reality directly, and convey his ecological philosophy: On one side, in the short and simple narrative of ill people, he let readers understand the helpless situation of non-humans at the moment by empathy, which conveys his de-anthropocentric thoughts; and on the other hand, in the long and complicated description of ill people, he has revealed the therapy function of illness narrative, and the way to improve the relationship between human beings.
里克·巴斯的自然故事是人们在荒野中冒险的故事。与传统的以自然或动物为主的自然作品不同,它将去人类中心主义的思想表现得直白明了。在巴斯的自然作品中,他的大部分故事中都有坏人。病人及其疾病的叙事策略在表达瑞克·巴斯的生态思想中发挥了重要作用。在一些故事中,对病人的描述冗长而复杂,但对动物的叙述却很短;在其他一些故事中,对病人的叙述很简单,但对动物的叙述却很长很详细。通过这种不平衡的叙事,里克·巴斯在他的故事中展现了人类与非人类之间的不平衡状况,直接反映和回应现实中人类与非人类之间的不平衡状况,传达了他的生态哲学:一方面,在对病人的简短而简单的叙述中,他让读者通过同理心来理解非人类此刻的无助处境,传达了他去人类中心主义的思想;另一方面,在对病人冗长而复杂的描述中,他揭示了疾病叙事的治疗功能,以及改善人与人之间关系的途径。
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引用次数: 0
On Translation and Dissemination Mode of Chinese Original COVID-19 Picture Books in the Era of Digital Globalization 数字全球化时代中国原创COVID-19绘本的翻译与传播模式
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.11648/J.ELLC.20210601.13
Shi Ying
In the era of digital globalization, multimedia technology is changing children's reading habits and accelerating the pace of translation and publication of picture books. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, the program “Picture Books about COVID-19 for Children Around the World” has been launched. This program appeals for Chinese publishing houses to donate picture books’ international copyright and volunteers to offer free translation. Consequently, 11 Chinese original COVID-19 picture books have been translated into foreign languages and published online for free reading within weeks. An innovative mode of translation and dissemination have been adopted in the program. The paper examines three important factors related to its mode, namely what to translate, who translate, the means to promote translation. Then it proposes to seize translation and dissemination opportunities, adopt multi-modal and multi-dimensional transmission routes and through innovative promotion and marketing channels to enhance translation efficiency and expand influence of Chinese picture books in foreign markets.
在数字全球化时代,多媒体技术正在改变儿童的阅读习惯,加快绘本翻译出版的步伐。自2020年初新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,启动了“面向全球儿童的新冠肺炎绘本”项目。该项目呼吁中国出版社捐赠绘本国际版权,并呼吁志愿者无偿翻译绘本。因此,在几周内,11本中国原创新冠肺炎绘本被翻译成外语并在网上免费阅读。该项目采用了创新的翻译和传播模式。本文探讨了影响翻译模式的三个重要因素:翻译什么、翻译谁、促进翻译的手段。在此基础上,提出抓住翻译和传播机遇,采用多模式、多维度的传播路径,通过创新的推广和营销渠道,提高中国绘本的翻译效率,扩大中国绘本在国外市场的影响力。
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引用次数: 0
New Quality Criteria for TV Channels and TV Narrative 电视频道与电视叙事质量新标准
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.11648/J.ELLC.20210601.11
V. Fuenzalida
Why we need a Children’s TV channel in Chile and Latin America? This question seems idle in its apparent obviousness. Nevertheless, several responses have been offered, depending first on how child is considered. So, who is the child? Most often, children appear to be the subject of adult actions; these actions are intended to reinforce children’s curricular learning and cognitive development in school, using television to ensure their cultural integration with the country, or to convey to them the idea that they are the recipients of public policy benefits. Others see the child audience as consumer of commercial products and thus a target for advertising in audio-visual programs. The second question to answer is what quality TV for children is? Quality TV is a very ambiguous expression. In this article, I discuss that quality TV for the specific children audience can be described with some new quality indicators afforded by child neuroscience and child epigenetic development; there is a reappreciation of the ludic and emotional genetic abilities of child brain to enjoy and comprehend ludic narrative fiction. But also, from a systemic view of the TV communication process; quality on children’s TV depends not only on the program content but on the broadcast and on the reception. A review of children's TV channels, and a few dozen of the new programs broadcast, allows us to find several new criteria regarding the quality of children's TV and audio-visual content.
为什么我们在智利和拉丁美洲需要一个儿童电视频道?这个问题显而易见,但似乎毫无意义。然而,已经提出了几种回答,首先取决于如何考虑儿童。那么,这个孩子是谁?大多数情况下,儿童似乎是成人行为的主体;这些行动旨在加强儿童在学校的课程学习和认知发展,利用电视确保他们与国家的文化融合,或向他们传达他们是公共政策利益接受者的想法。另一些人则把儿童观众视为商业产品的消费者,因此是视听节目广告的目标受众。第二个要回答的问题是,儿童电视的质量如何?高质量电视是一个非常模棱两可的表达。在本文中,我讨论了儿童神经科学和儿童表观遗传发展提供的一些新的质量指标可以描述特定儿童观众的电视质量;这是对儿童大脑享受和理解滑稽叙事小说的滑稽和情感遗传能力的重新认识。同时,从系统的角度审视电视传播过程;儿童电视节目的质量不仅取决于节目内容,而且取决于播出和接收。通过对儿童电视频道和几十个新节目的回顾,我们发现了一些关于儿童电视和视听内容质量的新标准。
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引用次数: 0
Technology-Enhanced Course in English Theoretical Grammar and Phonetics at Tertiary Level 高等教育英语理论语法和语音技术强化课程
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22364/bjellc.11.2021.06
Jana Kuzmina, Zigrīda Vinčela
The advancement of technologies and the recently forced lockdown by Covid-19 are bringing changes to the organisation of the learning process by accelerating the introduction of e-learning to create a learner-centred technology-based approach to English studies, thus stepping towards digital humanities. These trends initiated the institutional project Mobile and Desktop Software Integration in Bachelor and Master Study Programmes. The present study, using a questionnaire, elicits university students’ attitudes to the mobile applications and speech analysis software-based seminar activities in Moodle e-course in accordance with the blended learning model selected for the studies of theoretical grammar and phonetics. It is a cross-sectional, focused, and exploratory case study, comprising a description of factors, contributing to the problem of blended learning model selection. The yielded data demonstrate that students do not possess extensive prior experience with the use of software and mobile applications to study English grammar and phonetics. After completing seminar tasks, they favourably account for the integrated blended learning materials and consider that those facilitate their learning process.
科技的进步和最近因新冠肺炎疫情而被迫封锁的情况正在改变学习过程的组织方式,加速引入电子学习,以创建以学习者为中心的基于技术的英语学习方法,从而迈向数字人文学科。这些趋势引发了大学项目移动和桌面软件集成学士和硕士学习课程。本研究采用问卷调查的方式,根据理论语法和语音学研究选择的混合学习模式,了解大学生对Moodle电子课程中基于移动应用程序和语音分析软件的研讨会活动的态度。这是一个横向的、集中的、探索性的案例研究,包括对混合学习模式选择问题的因素的描述。所得数据表明,学生在使用软件和移动应用程序学习英语语法和语音方面没有丰富的经验。在完成研讨会任务后,他们对综合混合学习材料持积极态度,并认为这些材料有助于他们的学习过程。
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引用次数: 1
From Defoe to Coetzee’s Foe/Foe through Authorship 从笛福到库切的《敌人/敌人
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22364/bjellc.11.2021.08
Andreia-Irina Suciu, Mihaela Culea
The article investigates the concept of authorship in the works of two authors separated by three centuries, namely, Daniel Defoe and J. M. Coetzee, both concerned, in different ways, with aspects regarding the origin and originators of literary works or with the act of artistic creation in general. After a brief literature review, the article focuses on Coetzee’s contemporary revisitation of the question of authorship and leaps back and forth in time from Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) to Coetzee’s Foe (1986). The purpose is that of highlighting the multiple perspectives (and differences) regarding the subject of authorship, including such notions and aspects as: canonicity related to the act of writing and narrating, metafiction, self-reflexivity and intertextuality, silencing and voicing, doubling, bodily substance and the substance of a story, authenticity, (literary) representation and the truth, authoring, the author’s powers, the relation between author and character or between narrator and story, authorial self-consciousness, agency, or ambiguity. The findings presented in the article show that both works are seminal in their attempts to define and redefine the notion of authorship, one (Defoe) concerned with the first literary endeavours of establishing the roles of professional authorship in England, while the other (Coetzee), intervenes in existing literary discussions of the late twentieth century concerning the postmodern author and (the questioning of or liberation of the text from) his powers.
本文考察了相隔三个世纪的两位作家——丹尼尔·笛福和j·m·库切的作品中作者身份的概念,他们都以不同的方式关注文学作品的起源和发起人,或者一般的艺术创作行为。在简要的文献回顾之后,本文将重点放在库切当代对作者身份问题的重新审视上,并在笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》(1719)和库切的《敌人》(1986)之间进行时间的跳跃。其目的是强调关于作者身份主题的多种观点(和差异),包括以下概念和方面:与写作和叙述行为相关的正规性,元小说,自我反思和互文性,沉默和发声,双重,身体物质和故事的物质,真实性,(文学)表现和真相,创作,作者的权力,作者和角色之间或叙述者和故事之间的关系,作者的自我意识,代理或模糊性。文章中提出的研究结果表明,这两部作品在定义和重新定义作者身份的概念方面都具有开创性,其中一部(笛福)关注的是在英国建立专业作者角色的第一次文学努力,而另一部(库切)则介入了20世纪后期关于后现代作家及其权力(对文本的质疑或解放)的现有文学讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Intertextuality and Arthurian Women in David Lodge’s Small World (1984) 大卫·洛奇《小世界》中的互文性与亚瑟王女性
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22364/bjellc.11.2021.07
A. Ropa
The present article analyses intertextual references in David Lodge’s Small World. An Academic Romance (1984), focusing on allusions to the corpus of medieval and twentieth-century Arthuriana in the representation of women characters. An analysis of Arthurian allusions in the portrayal of women characters shows that Lodge introduces Arthurian women to his academic ‘Camelot’ in response to medieval and post-medieval literature about King Arthur and the Grail quest. In this respect, his representation of academic women in Small World is different from the way they are described in Lodge’s other academic novels, Changing Places and Nice Work. Lodge rarely recasts Arthurian women characters as his heroines with the exception of Prof Fulvia Morgana, who is modelled on the Arthurian sorceress Morgane/Morgause. Nevertheless, in Small World, women appear in the traditional roles of being the object of a ‘knight’s’ quest, such as Persse’s beloved Angelica and Swallow’s lover Joy, and wise advisors (Miss Maiden). Alternatively, women are portrayed as antagonistic or negative characters, the so-called ‘whores’ or ‘demonic temptresses’: such are Angelica’s twin sister Lily and the lusty Fulvia Morgana.
本文分析了大卫·洛奇的《小世界》中的互文引用。《学院派罗曼史》(1984),着重于对中世纪和二十世纪亚瑟王的语料库的典故,以表现女性角色。通过分析亚瑟王对女性角色的描写,洛奇将亚瑟王的女性引入了他的学术著作《卡米洛特》,以回应中世纪和后中世纪关于亚瑟王和圣杯探索的文学作品。在这方面,他在《小世界》中对学术女性的描绘不同于洛奇在其他学术小说《换地方》和《漂亮的工作》中对她们的描述。洛奇很少重新塑造亚瑟王时期的女性角色,除了富尔维亚·莫甘娜教授,她以亚瑟王时期的女巫莫甘娜为原型。尽管如此,在《小世界》中,女性还是以传统角色出现,成为“骑士”追求的对象,比如珀尔斯心爱的安吉莉卡和燕子的情人乔伊,以及明智的顾问(少女小姐)。另外,女性被描绘成敌对或消极的角色,即所谓的“妓女”或“恶魔诱惑者”:安吉莉卡的双胞胎妹妹莉莉和精力充沛的富尔维亚·莫甘娜就是这样。
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引用次数: 0
Language as a Value in a Pragmatic World: Global and National Approach 语言在语用世界中的价值:全球与国家视角
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22364/bjellc.11.2021.03
I. Druviete
The article deals with the perception of language and languages in the economy-oriented contemporary world and its specific features in such language-centered countries as Latvia. Two main levels could be discussed concerning the ‘intellectual’, ‘symbolic’ and practical treatment of language: a global (supra-national) and a national one. In majority of countries special laws have been adopted or national level programs have been enacted in order to protect the most significant elements of respective national identities – folklore, traditional ways of life, beliefs and languages in particular. At the beginning of the 21st century, economic and political goals of the European Union have been associated with the ideas of European culture and European identity. At the same time, the popularization of the languages, histories, and traditions of the member states have also been emphasized. The Republic of Latvia belongs to the countries where the diversity of thoughts and viewpoints on language are ever present and intense in both the political debates and even in many informal conversations. The paper gives an insight in Latvian language policy against the background of global and European sociolinguistic processes and wide usage of so-called international languages, English in particular.
本文论述了以经济为导向的当代世界对语言和语言的感知,以及拉脱维亚等以语言为中心的国家对语言和语言的感知的具体特征。关于语言的“知识”、“符号”和实践处理,可以讨论两个主要层面:全球(超国家)和国家层面。大多数国家都通过了专门的法律或制定了国家一级的计划,以保护各自民族特征中最重要的元素,特别是民间传说、传统生活方式、信仰和语言。在21世纪初,欧盟的经济和政治目标已经与欧洲文化和欧洲认同的想法联系在一起。与此同时,各成员国的语言、历史和传统的普及也得到了重视。拉脱维亚共和国属于这样的国家,在政治辩论中,甚至在许多非正式谈话中,对语言的思想和观点的多样性始终存在和强烈。本文给出了一个洞察拉脱维亚的语言政策对全球和欧洲的社会语言学进程和广泛使用的所谓的国际语言,特别是英语的背景下。
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引用次数: 0
Mythologizing the Narrative: An Analytical Study of Turnage/Berkoff’s Greek (1989) and the Nature of Operatic Narrative 叙事的神话化:特纳奇/伯克夫的《希腊文》(1989)与歌剧叙事的本质分析
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ellc.20210603.15
Alexander Chih-Yuan Mai
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引用次数: 0
Time Deixis in Engineering Discourse 工程语篇中的时间指示
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22364/bjellc.11.2021.02
Jekaterina Čerņevska
Nowadays, it has become commonly accepted that the meaning of linguistic elements is interconnected with the context of their use. Deixis is one of the classical pragmatic phenomena that illustrates that context-dependence is inherent in language as meaning of deictic expressions cannot be constructed without the identification of the speech event where these expressions occurred. The present article discusses cases of time deixis in the context of engineering discourse. The goal of the research is to demonstrate how the deictic expression use in different genres of professional discourse impacts meaning construction. The study deals with the data obtained from scientific articles, encyclopaedia chapters and coursebooks. The findings indicate that temporal deictic expressions can be utilized both deictically and non-deictically and their frequency may depend on the genre within each professional discourse. Further research can be conducted to investigate the use of other categories of deictic expressions in engineering discourse.
如今,人们普遍认为语言元素的意义与其使用的语境是相互联系的。指示语是一种经典的语用现象,它说明语言中固有的语境依赖性,因为如果不确定指示语所发生的言语事件,就无法构建指示语的意义。本文讨论了工程语篇语境中的时间指示语。本研究旨在探讨不同类型的专业语篇中指示语的使用对意义建构的影响。这项研究处理了从科学文章、百科全书章节和教科书中获得的数据。研究结果表明,时间指示语既可以作为指示语使用,也可以作为非指示语使用,其使用频率可能取决于每个专业语篇中的类型。我们可以进一步研究指示语在工程语篇中的使用情况。
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引用次数: 0
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Baltic Journal of English Language Literature and Culture
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