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Silver and Hematite Nanoparticles Had a Limited Effect on the Bacterial Community Structure in Soil Cultivated with Phaseolus vulgaris L. 纳米银和赤铁矿对菜豆栽培土壤细菌群落结构的影响有限。
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092341
Karla E. Zarco-González, J. D. Valle-García, Yendi E. Navarro-Noya, Fabián Fernández-Luqueño, Luc Dendooven
The amount of nanoparticles that enters the environment has increased substantially in the last years. How they might affect plant characteristics and the bacterial community structure when they enter the soil, however, is still debated, as there is a continuous interaction between them. In this study, we determined the effect of silver (Ag-NPs) and hematite (α-Fe2O3-NPs) nanoparticles (0.15 g kg−1) on the characteristics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere and uncultivated soil bacterial community. The application of Ag-NPs or α-Fe2O3-NPs did not affect plant growth but changed the amount of some heavy metals in the roots and aerial parts. The application of nanoparticles had a limited effect on the diversity, structure and functional profile of the soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities, but they were altered by cultivation of the bean plants and changed over time. It was found that application of Ag-NPs or α-Fe2O3-NPs had no effect on bean plant growth and only a small effect on the bacterial community structure and its putative metabolic functions. These findings show that in a complex system, such as a soil, different factors might affect the bacterial community structure and alter the possible effect of nanoparticles on it.
在过去的几年里,进入环境的纳米颗粒的数量大幅增加。然而,当它们进入土壤时,它们如何影响植物特性和细菌群落结构,仍然存在争议,因为它们之间存在持续的相互作用。研究了银(Ag-NPs)和赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3-NPs)纳米颗粒(0.15 g kg−1)对菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)及根际、非根际和未开垦土壤细菌群落特征的影响。Ag-NPs和α-Fe2O3-NPs的施用不影响植株生长,但改变了根系和地上部分重金属的含量。施用纳米颗粒对土壤和根际细菌群落的多样性、结构和功能特征的影响有限,但它们会随着豆类植物的种植而改变,并随着时间的推移而改变。结果表明,施用Ag-NPs或α-Fe2O3-NPs对大豆植株生长无明显影响,对细菌群落结构及其代谢功能影响较小。这些发现表明,在土壤等复杂系统中,不同的因素可能会影响细菌群落结构,并改变纳米颗粒对其可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Parameter Optimization of a Negative-Pressure Peanut Fruit-Soil Separating Device 负压花生果土分离装置的设计与参数优化
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092338
Mingyang Qin, Yu Jin, Mingzhu Cao, Feng Wu, Weiwen Luo, Kai Guo, Hongbo Xu, Fengwei Gu, Zhichao Hu
This study proposes a negative-pressure fruit-soil separating device for peanuts cultivated in hilly and mountainous areas after combined harvesting, and the mechanism of the movement of the material in the process of material screening, fruit-soil separating, and pneumatic conveying of the device was analyzed. In addition, a four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken regression design test was used to explore the optimum operating parameters of the peanut fruit-soil separation device. The results showed that the best fruit-soil separation effect was achieved when the wind speed of the blower was 13.58 m/s, the height of the suction nozzle from the screen surface was 27 mm, the length of the suction port was 64 mm, and the feeding rate was 600 kg/h. Validation tests demonstrated that the impurity rate of 0.16% and the peanut pod loss rate of 0.2% exceeded the industry standard, indicating superior performance.
本研究提出了一种适用于丘陵山区复合收获花生的负压果土分离装置,并分析了该装置在物料筛选、果土分离和气力输送过程中物料的运动机理。此外,采用四因素三水平Box-Behnken回归设计试验,探讨了花生果土分离装置的最佳操作参数。结果表明,当鼓风机的风速为13.58m/s,吸嘴距筛网表面的高度为27mm,吸口的长度为64mm,进料速率为600kg/h时,果土分离效果最佳。验证试验表明,该产品的杂质率为0.16%,花生荚损失率为0.2%,均超过行业标准,性能优越。
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引用次数: 0
Tomato Recognition and Localization Method Based on Improved YOLOv5n-seg Model and Binocular Stereo Vision 基于改进YOLOv5n-seg模型和双目立体视觉的番茄识别定位方法
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092339
Shuhe Zheng, Yang Liu, Wuxiong Weng, Xuexin Jia, Shilong Yu, Zuoxun Wu
Recognition and localization of fruits are key components to achieve automated fruit picking. However, current neural-network-based fruit recognition algorithms have disadvantages such as high complexity. Traditional stereo matching algorithms also have low accuracy. To solve these problems, this study targeting greenhouse tomatoes proposed an algorithm framework based on YOLO-TomatoSeg, a lightweight tomato instance segmentation model improved from YOLOv5n-seg, and an accurate tomato localization approach using RAFT-Stereo disparity estimation and least squares point cloud fitting. First, binocular tomato images were captured using a binocular camera system. The left image was processed by YOLO-TomatoSeg to segment tomato instances and generate masks. Concurrently, RAFT-Stereo estimated image disparity for computing the original depth point cloud. Then, the point cloud was clipped by tomato masks to isolate tomato point clouds, which were further preprocessed. Finally, a least squares sphere fitting method estimated the 3D centroid co-ordinates and radii of tomatoes by fitting the tomato point clouds to spherical models. The experimental results showed that, in the tomato instance segmentation stage, the YOLO-TomatoSeg model replaced the Backbone network of YOLOv5n-seg with the building blocks of ShuffleNetV2 and incorporated an SE attention module, which reduced model complexity while improving model segmentation accuracy. Ultimately, the YOLO-TomatoSeg model achieved an AP of 99.01% with a size of only 2.52 MB, significantly outperforming mainstream instance segmentation models such as Mask R-CNN (98.30% AP) and YOLACT (96.49% AP). The model size was reduced by 68.3% compared to the original YOLOv5n-seg model. In the tomato localization stage, at the range of 280 mm to 480 mm, the average error of the tomato centroid localization was affected by occlusion and sunlight conditions. The maximum average localization error was ±5.0 mm, meeting the localization accuracy requirements of the tomato-picking robots. This study developed a lightweight tomato instance segmentation model and achieved accurate localization of tomato, which can facilitate research, development, and application of fruit-picking robots.
水果的识别和定位是实现水果自动采摘的关键组成部分。然而,目前基于神经网络的水果识别算法存在复杂度高的缺点。传统的立体匹配算法也存在精度低的问题。为了解决这些问题,本研究针对温室番茄提出了一种基于YOLO-TomatoSeg的算法框架,一种在YOLOv5n-seg基础上改进的轻量级番茄实例分割模型,以及一种使用RAFT立体视差估计和最小二乘点云拟合的精确番茄定位方法。首先,使用双目摄像系统拍摄了番茄的双目图像。左图像由YOLO TomatoSeg处理,以分割番茄实例并生成遮罩。同时,RAFT Stereo估计了用于计算原始深度点云的图像视差。然后,用番茄掩模对点云进行裁剪,分离出番茄点云,并对其进行进一步的预处理。最后,最小二乘球面拟合方法通过将番茄点云拟合到球形模型来估计番茄的三维质心坐标和半径。实验结果表明,在番茄实例分割阶段,YOLO TomatoSeg模型用ShuffleNetV2的构建块取代了YOLOv5n-seg的骨干网络,并引入了SE注意力模块,在提高模型分割精度的同时降低了模型复杂度。最终,YOLO TomatoSeg模型在仅2.52MB的大小下实现了99.01%的AP,显著优于主流实例分割模型,如Mask R-CNN(98.30%AP)和YOLACT(96.49%AP)。与最初的YOLOv5n-seg模型相比,模型尺寸减小了68.3%。在番茄定位阶段,在280mm至480mm的范围内,番茄质心定位的平均误差受到遮挡和阳光条件的影响。最大平均定位误差为±5.0mm,满足番茄采摘机器人的定位精度要求。本研究开发了一个轻量级的番茄实例分割模型,实现了番茄的精确定位,有助于水果采摘机器人的研究、开发和应用。
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引用次数: 1
Straw Mulching Combined with Phosphorus Fertilizer Increases Fertile Florets of Wheat by Enhancing Leaf Photosynthesis and Assimilate Utilization 秸秆覆盖与磷肥联合施用提高小麦叶片光合作用和同化物利用率增加其繁殖力
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092342
Wei Xie, Peng He, Hongliang Ma, Xiulan Huang, Gaoqiong Fan, Hongkun Yang
Lack of soil moisture and phosphorus deficiency limits wheat grain yield in dryland areas. However, the moisture-conserving effect of straw mulching combined with phosphor fertilization on fertile florets per spike (FFS) and grain yield remains unclear. During the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons, we investigated the combined effects of straw mulching (0 and 8000 kg ha−1) and phosphorus fertilization (0, 75, and 120 kg P2O5 ha−1) on spike development, assimilates’ availability, and the photosynthetic properties of flag leaves by conducting a field experiment. Compared with no straw mulch control, straw mulching increased fertile spike, grain number per spike (15.6%), and grain yield (22.6%), and grain number per spike was the most important contribution to increasing wheat grain yield (46%). An increase in grain number per spike is associated with FFS. Compared with no straw mulch control, straw mulching increased FFS by 19.5%, and it increased with increasing phosphorus fertilization levels. Moreover, straw mulching combined with phosphorus fertilization promoted the light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Chl b, and the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of flag leaves to produce carbohydrates. Our study has shown that the primary factor for the divergence in FFS under straw mulching and phosphorus application was the efficiency of assimilate utilization in the spike, which ultimately led to increased grain number per spike and grain yield.
干旱地区缺乏土壤水分和缺磷限制了小麦的产量。然而,秸秆覆盖结合磷肥对每穗可育小花(FFS)和粮食产量的保水效果尚不清楚。在2020-2021和2021-2022生长季节,我们通过田间试验研究了秸秆覆盖(0和8000 kg ha−1)和磷施肥(0、75和120 kg P2O5 ha−1。与无秸秆覆盖对照相比,秸秆覆盖增加了可育穗数、穗粒数(15.6%)和粮食产量(22.6%),穗粒数对小麦产量的贡献最大(46%)。每穗粒数的增加与自由流速度有关。与无秸秆覆盖对照相比,秸秆覆盖使FFS增加了19.5%,并且随着施磷水平的增加而增加。此外,秸秆覆盖与磷肥相结合促进了旗叶的光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素b和光系统II最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)产生碳水化合物。我们的研究表明,秸秆覆盖和施磷条件下自由流速度差异的主要因素是穗部同化物利用效率,这最终导致穗粒数和产量的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Compost Tea as Organic Fertilizer and Plant Disease Control: Bibliometric Analysis 堆肥茶作为有机肥与植物病害防治:文献计量学分析
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092340
Ricardo Israel Ramírez-Gottfried, P. Preciado-Rangel, Mario García Carrillo, Alain Buendía García, Gabriela González-Rodríguez, Bernardo Espinosa-Palomeque
A variety of research reports that compost tea controls plant pathogens and improves plant nutrition and plant growth. Therefore, it can be used to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The aim of the study was to characterize and quantify the scientific production in the SCOPUS database on compost tea using bibliometric indicators. A total of 285 published papers related to compost tea were identified. The results show a general increasing trend from 2001 to 2023, with the highest number of publications occurring in 2021. Most of the publications were in the form of original articles, and English was the main language of publication. The top 10 countries with the highest scientific productivity were the United States, Egypt, Spain, Canada, Italy, India, China, Australia, Iran and Malaysia. Zaccardelli, M. and Pane, C. were the authors with the highest productivity with nine articles. In the co-authorship networks, two main networks were registered: the first with Diáñez F., together with Gea F. J., Navarro M.Y. and Santo M., and the second with Zaccardelli M., Celono G., and Pane C. Therefore, the need to adapt more resilient agricultural production systems allows for the consideration of compost tea as an alternative to mitigate environmental problems and soil degradation.
各种研究报告表明,堆肥茶可以控制植物病原体,改善植物营养和植物生长。因此,它可以用来减少合成肥料和杀虫剂的使用。本研究的目的是使用文献计量指标对SCOPUS数据库中堆肥茶的科学生产进行表征和量化。共鉴定出285篇已发表的与堆肥茶有关的论文。结果显示,从2001年到2023年,总体呈增长趋势,2021年的出版物数量最高。大多数出版物都是以原创文章的形式出版的,英语是主要的出版语言。科学生产力最高的前10个国家是美国、埃及、西班牙、加拿大、意大利、印度、中国、澳大利亚、伊朗和马来西亚。Zaccadelli,M.和Pane,C.是生产力最高的作者,共有9篇文章。在合作网络中,注册了两个主要网络:第一个是Diáñez F.,以及Gea F.J.、Navarro M.Y.和Santo M.,第二个是Zaccadelli M.、Celono G.和Pane C.。因此,需要适应更具弹性的农业生产系统,可以考虑将堆肥茶作为缓解环境问题和土壤退化的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
A New Strategy of Cross-Protection Based on Attenuated Vaccines: RNA Viruses Are Used as Vectors to Control DNA Viruses 基于减毒疫苗的交叉保护新策略:以RNA病毒为载体控制DNA病毒
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092334
Mingjing Zhu, Shanshan Liu, Zhao Wang, Chengming Yu, Xuefeng Yuan
Plant viruses can infect various types of plants, including food and oil crops, and ornamental flowers, threatening agricultural production and food supply. Cross-protection is an efficient strategy against severe viral strains. Due to distinct infection mechanisms, cross-protection cases involving RNA viruses and DNA viruses often rely on the utilization of corresponding attenuated strains for control purposes. In this study, we utilized cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a member of the RNA virus group, as the foundational framework for developing attenuated vaccines. We developed four vaccines by inserting relevant sequences from tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a DNA virus. All vaccines demonstrated effective prevention against TYLCV infection, with relative control efficacies exceeding 80%. Subsequently, we evaluated the preventive effects of these vaccines on mixed infections of CMV and TYLCV. Our findings demonstrated that CMV (R2-2bPTI-TYC1C4), CMV (R2-2bPTII-TYC1C4), and CMV (R2-2bPTIII-TYRep) displayed significant efficacy in preventing mixed infections. Following pre-inoculation with these vaccines, the disease index of tomato plants decreased from 100 to 56. This work provides theoretical foundations and tangible resources for controlling TYLCV through cross-protection while suggesting a feasible strategy for utilizing weak RNA virus vaccines to control DNA viruses.
植物病毒可以感染各种类型的植物,包括粮食和油料作物以及观赏花卉,威胁农业生产和粮食供应。交叉保护是对抗严重病毒株的有效策略。由于感染机制不同,涉及RNA病毒和DNA病毒的交叉保护病例往往依赖于使用相应的减毒株进行控制。在本研究中,我们利用RNA病毒组成员黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)作为开发减毒疫苗的基础框架。我们通过插入番茄黄卷叶病毒(TYLCV) DNA病毒的相关序列,开发了四种疫苗。所有疫苗均显示可有效预防TYLCV感染,相对控制效率超过80%。随后,我们评估了这些疫苗对巨细胞病毒和TYLCV混合感染的预防作用。我们的研究结果表明,CMV (R2-2bPTI-TYC1C4)、CMV (R2-2bPTI-TYC1C4)和CMV (r2 - 2bptiiii - tyrep)在预防混合感染方面表现出显著的疗效。预接种后,番茄植株的病害指数由100降至56。本研究为通过交叉保护控制TYLCV提供了理论基础和物质资源,同时为利用弱RNA病毒疫苗控制DNA病毒提供了可行的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Overexpression of the Peanut AhDGAT3 Gene Increases the Oil Content in Soybean 花生AhDGAT3基因的过表达增加了大豆的含油量
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092333
Yang Xu, Fan Yan, Zhengwei Liang, Ying Wang, Jingwen Li, Lei Zhao, Xuguang Yang, Qingyu Wang, Jingya Liu
Soybean (Glycine max) is the main oilseed crop that provides vegetable oil for human nutrition. The main objective of its breeding research is to increase the total oil content. In the Kennedy pathway, Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a rate-limiting enzyme that converts diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG). Here, the AhDGAT3 gene was cloned from peanut and overexpressed in the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis. The total fatty acid content in T3AhDGAT3 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds was 1.1 times higher on average than that of the WT. Therefore, AhDGAT3 was transferred into the WT (JACK), and four T3 transgenic soybean lines were obtained, which proved to be positive using molecular biological detection. Specific T-DNA insertion region location information was also obtained via genome re-sequencing. The results of high-performance gas chromatography showed that the contents of oleic acid (18:1) composition and total fatty acids in transgenic soybean plants were significantly higher than that of the WT. However, linoleic acid (18:2) was much lower compared to the WT. The agronomic trait survey showed that the quantitative and yield traits of AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean were better than those of the WT. These results suggest that fatty acids in transgenic soybeans, especially oleic acid and total fatty acid, are enhanced by the over-expression of AhDGAT3.
大豆(Glycine max)是为人类提供植物油的主要油料作物。其育种研究的主要目的是提高总含油量。在肯尼迪途径中,二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)是一种将二酰甘油(DAG)转化为三酰甘油(TAG)的限速酶。在这里,AhDGAT3基因从花生中克隆并在野生型(WT)拟南芥中过表达。T3AhDGAT3转基因拟南芥种子中的总脂肪酸含量平均是WT的1.1倍。因此,将AhDGAT3。还通过基因组重新测序获得了特异性T-DNA插入区位置信息。高效气相色谱分析结果表明,转基因大豆植株的油酸(18:1)组成和总脂肪酸含量均显著高于WT,而亚油酸(18:2)含量远低于WT。农艺性状调查表明,AhDGAT3转基因大豆的数量性状和产量性状均优于WT。这些结果表明,转基因大豆中的脂肪酸,特别是油酸和总脂肪酸,因其过表达而增强。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Potassium Content in Rice Leaves Based on Spectral Features and Random Forests 基于光谱特征和随机森林的水稻叶片钾含量预测
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092337
Yue Yu, Haiye Yu, Xiaokai Li, Lei Zhang, Yuanyuan Sui
The information acquisition about potassium, which affects the quality and yield of crops, is of great significance for crop nutrient management and intelligent decision making in smart agriculture. This article proposes a method for predicting the rice leaf potassium content (LKC) using spectral characteristics and random forests (RF). The method screens spectral characteristic variables based on the linear correlation analysis results of rice LKC and four transformed spectra (original reflectance (R), first derivative reflectance (FDR), continuum-removed reflectance (CRR), and normalized reflectance (NR)) of leaves and the PCA dimensionality reduction results of vegetation indices. Following a second screening of the correlated single band and vegetation index variables of the four transformed spectra, the RF is used to obtain the mixed variable (MV), and regression models are developed to achieve an accurate prediction of rice LKC. Additionally, the effect of potassium spectral sensitivity bands, indices, spectral transformation form, and different modeling methods on rice LKC prediction accuracy is assessed. The results showed that the mixed variable obtained with the second screening using the random forest feature selection method could effectively improve the prediction accuracy of rice LKC. The regression models based on the single band variables (BV) and the vegetation index variables (IV), FDR–RF and IV–RF, with R2 values of 0.62301 and 0.7387 and RMSE values of 0.24174 and 0.15045, respectively, are the best models. In comparison to the previous two models, the MV–RF validation had a higher R2 and a lower RMSE, reaching 0.77817 and 0.14913, respectively. It can be seen that the RF has a better processing ability for the MV that contains vegetation indices and IV than for the BV. Furthermore, the results of different variable screening and regression analyses also revealed that the single band’s range of 1402–1428 nm and 1871–1907 nm, as well as the vegetation indices constituted of reflectance 1799–1881 nm and 2276–2350 nm, are of great significance for predicting rice LKC. This conclusion can provide a reference for establishing a universal vegetation index related to potassium.
钾的信息获取对作物的品质和产量有重要影响,对智慧农业中的作物养分管理和智能决策具有重要意义。本文提出了一种利用光谱特征和随机森林预测水稻叶片钾含量的方法。该方法基于水稻LKC的线性相关分析结果和叶片的原始反射率(R)、一阶导数反射率(FDR)、连续去除反射率(CRR)、归一化反射率(NR) 4种变换光谱以及植被指数的PCA降维结果筛选光谱特征变量。通过对4个转换光谱的相关单波段和植被指数变量进行二次筛选,利用RF获得混合变量(MV),并建立回归模型,实现水稻LKC的准确预测。此外,还评估了钾光谱敏感性波段、指标、光谱变换形式和不同建模方法对水稻LKC预测精度的影响。结果表明,采用随机森林特征选择方法进行二次筛选得到的混合变量能够有效提高水稻LKC的预测精度。基于单波段变量(BV)和植被指数变量(IV)、FDR-RF和IV - rf的回归模型的R2值分别为0.62301和0.7387,RMSE值分别为0.24174和0.15045,是最佳模型。与前两种模型相比,MV-RF验证具有更高的R2和更低的RMSE,分别达到0.77817和0.14913。可以看出,RF对包含植被指数和IV的MV的处理能力优于对BV的处理能力。此外,不同变量筛选和回归分析结果也表明,1402 ~ 1428 nm和1871 ~ 1907 nm的单波段范围以及反射率1799 ~ 1881 nm和2276 ~ 2350 nm的植被指数对水稻LKC的预测具有重要意义。该结论可为建立与钾有关的通用植被指数提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Soil Moisture Management Using Waste Green Algae-Derived Polymers: Optimization of Application Rate and Mixing Depth 利用废弃绿藻衍生聚合物增强土壤水分管理:施用速率和混合深度的优化
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092335
Zijian He, Jiaping Liang, Yanwei Lu, Qiliang Yang, Chengmei Lu, Die Wu
Water scarcity poses a formidable challenge to agricultural productivity in arid regions, and water retention agents offer promising potential in this regard. Therefore, this study proposes developing and preparing polymers with water retention properties using waste green algae as raw material to explore the effectiveness of enhanced water infiltration and reduce evaporation at different use levels (0%, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60%) and maximum mixing depths (10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm) and determine the optimum management. The results demonstrate that the synthesized polymers exhibited a remarkable swelling rate of 143.6 g/g, along with reusability and excellent temperature stability. The polymer application rate was positively correlated with infiltration duration, with an increase from 161 min to 750 min as the application rate rose from 0% to 0.60%. Concurrently, cumulative infiltration increased from 22.6 cm to 31.1 cm, showcasing the benefits of the polymer in enhancing water retention. Intriguingly, cumulative evapotranspiration initially decreased and then increased with increasing polymer application rates. Moreover, increasing the maximum mixing depth from 10 to 50 cm while maintaining the 0.3% application rate increased the cumulative infiltration (from 22.6 cm to 31.1 cm) and infiltration rate (from 0.03 cm/min to 0.08 cm/min) while decreasing the cumulative evaporation (from 44.4 mm to 31.7 mm). Considering the cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate and evapotranspiration characteristics, an optimized polymer application rate of 0.27% at a mixing depth of 0–50 cm was recommended for efficient soil moisture management. This study highlights the potential of green algae-derived biodegradable polymers as a win–win strategy for achieving waste alleviation of water scarcity in drylands, particularly for maize and wheat cultivation in northern China.
缺水对干旱地区的农业生产力构成了巨大挑战,保水剂在这方面具有很好的潜力。因此,本研究建议以废弃绿藻为原料开发和制备具有保水性能的聚合物,以探索在不同使用水平(0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%和0.60%)和最大混合深度(10cm、20cm、30cm、40cm和50cm)下增强水渗透和减少蒸发的有效性,并确定最佳管理。结果表明,合成的聚合物具有143.6g/g的显著溶胀率、可重复使用性和优异的温度稳定性。聚合物的施用量与渗透时间呈正相关,随着施用量从0%增加到0.60%,从161分钟增加到750分钟。同时,累积渗透量从22.6厘米增加到31.1厘米,表明聚合物在提高保水性方面的优势。有趣的是,累积蒸散量最初随着聚合物施用量的增加而减少,然后增加。此外,将最大混合深度从10厘米增加到50厘米,同时保持0.3%的施用率,增加了累积渗透(从22.6厘米增加到31.1厘米)和渗透速率(从0.03厘米/分钟增加到0.08厘米/分钟),同时减少了累积蒸发(从44.4毫米减少到31.7毫米)。考虑到累积入渗、入渗速率和蒸散特性,建议在0–50 cm的混合深度下,聚合物的最佳施用率为0.27%,以实现有效的土壤水分管理。这项研究强调了绿藻衍生的可生物降解聚合物作为一种双赢战略的潜力,可以缓解旱地缺水的浪费,特别是在中国北方的玉米和小麦种植中。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-Wide Identification of Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR) Transporters in Salix purpurea and Expression Analysis in Response to Various Heavy Metal Stresses 杨柳多酚耐药转运蛋白的全基因组鉴定及对重金属胁迫的表达分析
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092330
Shuxin Chen, Juanjuan Chen, Zhuchou Lu, Yuhan Jia, Yuying Yang, R. Zhuo, Xiaojiao Han
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters, which are part of the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, have been found to be involved in heavy metal tolerance. Salix species (willow) is widely regarded as a perfect candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metals because of its substantial biomass, strong tolerance, and remarkable capacity to accumulate heavy metals. However, the phylogeny and mechanisms underlying the response to heavy metals within the PDR family in willow have yet to be determined. In this study, we discovered and valuated a total of 21 PDR genes in the genome of Salix purpurea. The phylogenetic relationships of these genes were used to classify them into five major clades. The SpPDRs exhibited variations in exon-intron distribution patterns and gene lengths across different branches. Cis-acting elements linked to stress response, drought induction, low temperature, and defense response were discovered in the promoters of PDRs. Significant variations in the transcription levels of various PDR genes were observed across different tissues under heavy metal stress, with distinct heavy metals regulating different PDR members. In roots, PDR4 and PDR21 exhibited high expression levels. Meanwhile, PDR7 and PDR17 showed similar transcription patterns across all analyzed tissues. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between PDR5 and PDR16, whereas a significant and negative correlation was detected between PDR3 and PDR9, suggesting that the response of PDR members to heavy metals is complex and multifaceted. These findings will establish a vital basis for comprehending the biological functionalities of PDR genes, specifically their involvement in the regulation of willow’s tolerance to heavy metals.
多效耐药(PDR)转运体是atp结合盒转运体ABCG亚家族的一部分,已被发现参与重金属耐受。柳属植物(柳树)生物量大、耐受性强、重金属积累能力强,被广泛认为是植物修复重金属的理想候选者。然而,柳树中PDR家族对重金属反应的系统发育和机制尚未确定。在本研究中,我们发现并评估了紫荆柳基因组中共21个PDR基因。利用这些基因的系统发育关系将它们划分为5个主要分支。SpPDRs在不同分支上的外显子-内含子分布模式和基因长度存在差异。在pdr启动子中发现了与胁迫反应、干旱诱导、低温和防御反应相关的顺式作用元件。重金属胁迫下,不同组织中PDR基因转录水平存在显著差异,不同重金属调控不同PDR成员。在根中,PDR4和PDR21表现出高表达水平。同时,PDR7和PDR17在所有被分析的组织中显示出相似的转录模式。此外,PDR5和PDR16之间存在显著的正相关,而PDR3和PDR9之间存在显著的负相关,这表明PDR成员对重金属的反应是复杂和多方面的。这些发现将为理解PDR基因的生物学功能,特别是它们参与柳树对重金属耐受性的调控奠定重要基础。
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Agronomy-Basel
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