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2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)最新文献

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Analysis of Transition Metal Oxides based Heterojunction Solar Cells with S-shaped J-V curves 过渡金属氧化物异质结太阳能电池的s型J-V曲线分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241142
D. Scire, Marco Bonadonna, Yifeng Zhao, P. Procel, O. Isabella, M. Zeman, R. Macaluso, M. Mosca, I. Crupi
The use of transition metal oxides for the selective carrier contact in the crystalline silicon solar cells technology is rising to interest for the excellent optoelectrical properties of these materials whose implementation, however, can result in lousy performing cells due to an S-shaped electrical characteristic. In this paper, we fabricated solar cells showing S-shaped J-V curve and carried out an analysis of the reasons of such behavior using a model involving the series of a standard cell equivalent circuit with a Schottky junction in order to explain these atypical performances. A good matching between the experimental measurements and the adopted theoretical model was obtained. The extracted parameters are listed and analyzed to shade light on the reasons behind the low-performance cells.
在晶体硅太阳能电池技术中,使用过渡金属氧化物作为选择性载流子接触,由于这些材料具有优异的光电性能而引起人们的兴趣,然而,由于s型电学特性,这些材料的实现可能导致性能不佳的电池。在本文中,我们制造了具有s形J-V曲线的太阳能电池,并使用涉及具有肖特基结的标准电池等效电路系列的模型对这种行为的原因进行了分析,以解释这些非典型性能。实验结果与理论模型吻合较好。将提取的参数列出并进行分析,以揭示性能低下的电池背后的原因。
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引用次数: 2
Digital Multi-Loop Control of a 3-Level Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers 电动汽车超高速电池充电器三电平整流器的数字多环控制
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241196
D. Cittanti, M. Gregorio, R. Bojoi
This paper proposes a digital multi-loop control strategy for a 3-level unidirectional rectifier specifically targeted to electric vehicle (EV) ultra-fast charging applications. The basic operation of a 3-level rectifier is described and the state-space model of the complete system is explained, with particular focus on the mid-point current generation process. By means of an appropriate modeling of the delays and the discretization introduced by the digital control implementation, four controllers (i.e. dq-currents, DC-link voltage and mid-point voltage balancing loops) are analytically designed in the continuous time domain with conventional techniques. Ultimately, the proposed controller design procedure is tested on a 50 kW, 20kHzT-type rectifier, both in simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environments, verifying the dynamical performance of all control loops.
针对电动汽车超快充电应用,提出了一种3电平单向整流器的数字多环控制策略。描述了3电平整流器的基本操作,并解释了整个系统的状态空间模型,特别关注中点电流产生过程。通过适当的延迟建模和数字控制实现引入的离散化,用传统技术在连续时域解析设计了4个控制器(即dq电流、直流链路电压和中点电压平衡回路)。最后,在50kw, 20khzt型整流器上对所提出的控制器设计过程进行了仿真和硬件在环(HIL)环境测试,验证了所有控制回路的动态性能。
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引用次数: 7
Laboratory Ageing Thermal Cycles of MV Cable Joints: results of different diagnostic techniques 中压电缆接头老化热循环:不同诊断技术的结果
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241197
J. Borghetto, A. Contin, A. Morotti, A. Pegoiani, G. Pirovano, Danilo Sirtori, C. Tornelli
The article reports the results of a multi-year experimentation in progress at the RSE laboratories and aimed at an in-depth diagnostic analysis of the causes of failure responsible for the out-of-services which affect MV cable joints of most of the urban network in the summer periods. To this aim an experimental set-up consisting of twelve cables equipped with different types of joints were connected together to form a ring in short-circuit. The ring was energized at rated voltage and current cycles were applied by means of external coils in order to reproduce the daily load variation typical of a MV cable network. Felts were wrapped around the cables to simulate the reduced thermal conductivity of the soil during summer periods. Continuous monitoring of the degradation of the joints was carried out by Partial Discharge (PD, on-line and off-line) measurements, together with Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy (FDS) and Dissipation Factor (DF) - measurements. Results of the experimentation are presented and discussed.
本文报告了在RSE实验室进行的一项多年实验的结果,旨在对夏季影响大多数城市网络中压电缆接头的故障原因进行深入的诊断分析。为了达到这个目的,一个实验装置由12根不同类型接头的电缆连接在一起,形成一个短路环。该环在额定电压下通电,并通过外部线圈施加电流循环,以重现中压电缆网络的典型日负载变化。电缆周围包裹着毛毡,以模拟夏季土壤导热系数降低的情况。通过局部放电(PD,在线和离线)测量,以及频率介电光谱(FDS)和耗散因子(DF)测量,对接头的退化进行了连续监测。给出了实验结果并进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
On the Impact of Heat Pumps Electric Load on the Power Consumption of Lampedusa 兰佩杜萨岛热泵电负荷对耗电量的影响
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241146
M. Bonomolo, M. Ippolito, G. Leone, R. Musca, Vincenzo Porgi, G. Zizzo, A. Cagnano, E. D. Tuglie
The present paper reports the results of a simulation study regarding the impact of the adoption of heat pumps for domestic hot water production in the island of Lampedusa (Italy). In the study, it has been assumed to replace electric storage water heaters with heat pumps at every dwelling of the about four thousand domestic end-users of the island and, in addition, to control the heat pump operation in order to enhance some parameters that characterize the quality of the generation and distribution system of the island (power peak, energy losses and voltage drop). According to the results of the simulations, while the replacement of electric storage water heaters with heat pumps is able to positively impact the island power system, the control of heat pumps, even if in great number, does not generate any evident additional advantage for the power system operation. These results are significant for better understanding potentiality and limits of Demand Response and Aggregation in the presence of high-efficiency devices.
本文件报告了关于在兰佩杜萨岛(意大利)采用热泵生产家庭热水的影响的模拟研究结果。在这项研究中,假定在岛上大约4 000名家庭最终用户的每户住宅用热泵取代蓄电热水器,此外,还要控制热泵的运行,以提高一些参数,这些参数反映了岛上发电和配电系统的质量(功率峰值、能量损失和电压下降)。模拟结果表明,用热泵代替蓄电式热水器对海岛电力系统有积极影响,而热泵的控制即使数量很大,也不会对电力系统运行产生明显的额外好处。这些结果对于更好地理解在高效设备存在下需求响应和聚合的潜力和限制具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of V2G Profitability with Robust Optimization and Bidding Price Heuristics 基于鲁棒优化和竞价启发式的V2G盈利能力研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241171
R. Vignali, L. Pellegrino, A. Gatti, S. Canevese
Over the last years the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has been growing more than expected, and a massive growth is foreseen for the next decade. An increase of consumption due to EV charging is then expected, with possible drawbacks, like undesired peaks, for distribution and transmission system operators. However, EVs are indeed storage systems, and, therefore, they can be employed to provide flexibility to the power system: this is known as the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept. This paper aims at investigating a V2G control strategy for the EV charging stations in a public or private parking lot, in order to provide flexibility services by participating in the Ancillary Service Market (ASM).The energy to be exchanged on the ASM, and also on the Day-Ahead Market (DAM), is obtained by solving an optimal control problem that maximizes the EV charging station operator’s daily profit while ensuring the desired minimum State of Charge (SoC) of each EV at the end of the recharge. The cycling aging of EV batteries is considered in particular via the price of the discharged energy. The problem is formulated in a robust way to take into account uncertainties on ASM bid acceptance. The bidding prices on the ASM act as problem inputs, and therefore have to be suitably chosen. The different heuristic strategies proposed here for this choice are based on an analysis performed on one-year data of the Italian ASM. The mixed heuristic and robust approach yields different economic results, depending on the adopted bidding price strategy. The results provide interesting input for further developments of business cases for V2G applications.
在过去几年中,电动汽车(ev)的数量增长超过了预期,预计未来十年将出现大幅增长。预计电动汽车充电会增加用电量,但对于配电和输电系统运营商来说,可能存在一些缺点,比如不希望出现峰值。然而,电动汽车实际上是存储系统,因此,它们可以用来为电力系统提供灵活性:这就是所谓的车辆到电网(V2G)概念。本文旨在研究公共或私人停车场电动汽车充电站的V2G控制策略,以便通过参与辅助服务市场(ASM)来提供灵活的服务。通过求解一个最优控制问题,使电动汽车充电站运营商的日利润最大化,同时保证充电结束时每辆电动汽车的期望最小充电状态(SoC),从而获得在ASM和日前市场(DAM)上交换的能量。特别是通过放电能量的价格来考虑电动汽车电池的循环老化问题。考虑ASM投标接受的不确定性,以稳健的方式提出了该问题。ASM上的投标价格作为问题输入,因此必须适当选择。本文针对这一选择提出了不同的启发式策略,这些策略基于对意大利ASM一年期数据的分析。采用不同的出价策略,混合启发式和鲁棒性方法产生了不同的经济结果。这些结果为V2G应用程序的业务案例的进一步开发提供了有趣的输入。
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引用次数: 3
Control and Protection Strategies for a Universal Power Quality SMES Compensator 通用电能质量中小型补偿器的控制与保护策略
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241122
D. Raggini, R. Chiumeo, A. Clerici, C. Gandolfi, Daniele Gargantini
The paper describes the control and protection strategies of a device conceived to improve Power Quality in Low Voltage (LV) electrical distribution grid. The device, studied in the frame of the research project “DRYSMES4GRID”, acts as an active filter, compensating load harmonics and network disturbances (voltage dips and micro-interruptions) thanks to a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system (SMES).The control logics are presented with a particular focus on detecting and overcoming overload or internal and external fault condition. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies has been investigated in ATPdraw simulation environment, using a detailed network and device model.
本文介绍了一种改善低压配电网电能质量的装置的控制和保护策略。该装置是在研究项目“DRYSMES4GRID”的框架下研究的,作为有源滤波器,补偿负载谐波和网络干扰(电压下降和微中断),这要感谢超导磁储能系统(SMES)。控制逻辑的提出特别侧重于检测和克服过载或内部和外部故障条件。利用详细的网络和设备模型,在ATPdraw仿真环境中研究了所提出的控制策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Economic analysis of a Power-to-Gas pilot plant within the Italian energy transition framework 意大利能源转型框架内电力转气试点工厂的经济分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241156
Corine Nsangwe Businge, P. Grisi, A. Gelmini
This work aims at evaluating the economic sustainability of a power-to-gas pilot plant, with reference to the Italian context and to the medium-long term. The study is based on the energy scenarios of the Italian National Climate and Energy Plan (NECP) and assumes that the plant participates in the ancillary services markets. The study assesses the economic barriers and the main factors affecting the competitiveness of power-to-gas. The results show that, while power-to-gas being a technically feasible solution to support the flexibility of the power system, the economics of the pilot plant are heavily affected by the cost of components and operating cost. The results also highlight the need for suitable policies and financial support aiming at enhancing favourable operating conditions for pilot applications of the technology.
这项工作的目的是根据意大利的情况和中长期情况,评估电力制气试点工厂的经济可持续性。该研究基于意大利国家气候和能源计划(NECP)的能源情景,并假设电厂参与了辅助服务市场。本研究评估了影响电改气竞争力的经济障碍和主要因素。结果表明,虽然电转气是一种技术上可行的解决方案,以支持电力系统的灵活性,但中试工厂的经济性受到组件成本和运行成本的严重影响。研究结果还强调需要适当的政策和财政支持,旨在为该技术的试点应用改善有利的操作条件。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Power Generation and Load Change Under the Influence of Lockdown Based on COVID-19 Epidemic 基于新冠肺炎疫情的封锁影响下发电负荷变化分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241106
Yao Lu, Ruchang Zhou, Jie Wang
The wide spread of COVID-19 is seriously affecting countries around the world. The lockdown policy has facilitated a profound impact on the power industry. Specifically, the article takes China as an example to explain the development of COVID-19 epidemic. Then it analyzes the influence and specific reasons of energy and fuel provision under lockdown. The article focuses on the changes of generation, load and stability of power system with causes. Furthermore, it looks forward to the impacts of lockdown policy on the power industry in the future.
新冠肺炎疫情广泛蔓延,给世界各国带来严重影响。封锁政策对电力行业产生了深远影响。具体来说,文章以中国为例来解释COVID-19疫情的发展。然后分析了封锁下能源和燃料供应的影响和具体原因。本文着重分析了电力系统发电量、负荷和稳定性的变化及其原因。此外,展望未来封锁政策对电力行业的影响。
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引用次数: 6
New flexibility services and technologies: ENEL experiences in Italy 新的灵活性服务和技术:ENEL在意大利的经验
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241153
G. Campagna, Alessandro Landini, D. Stefanelli, V. Tommasi, Bernardo Bernabei, M. Cantu, A. Giovannelli, F. Giancola
The achievement of the objectives set by the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference and the National Energy and Climate Plan entails a strong shift in the paradigm of electricity generation as well as supply of ancillary services necessary to guarantee the stability of the electrical system. To meet these needs, globally several initiatives are underway with the aim of identifying a series of potential solutions, already in place or that can be adopted in the near future. The article presents Enel’s involvement and the projects the company is working on.
要实现2015年联合国气候变化大会和国家能源与气候计划设定的目标,就必须大力转变发电模式,并提供必要的辅助服务,以保证电力系统的稳定性。为了满足这些需求,全球正在采取若干举措,目的是确定一系列已经到位或在不久的将来可以采用的潜在解决方案。这篇文章介绍了Enel的参与以及该公司正在进行的项目。
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引用次数: 2
Consumption based-only load forecasting for individual households in nanogrids: a case study 纳米电网中单个家庭仅基于消费的负荷预测:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241127
M. Caliano, A. Buonanno, G. Graditi, A. Pontecorvo, Gianluca Sforza, M. Valenti
Electricity load forecasting plays an important role in planning and a vital role in the operational management of an electric power system based on smart grids. In this work, several data-driven approaches are used to forecast the individual electricity demand for the subsequent hour of three Italian households in a nanogrid context. For each user, the tested prediction models exploit only the historic series of total electricity consumption. The results show similar performances in all models implemented. Despite a widespread delay, the predictions follow the measurement trend well, while also highlighting the particular difficulty of predicting peak values.
基于智能电网的电力系统负荷预测在规划和运行管理中具有重要作用。在这项工作中,使用了几种数据驱动的方法来预测三个意大利家庭在纳米电网环境下随后一小时的个人电力需求。对于每个用户,测试的预测模型只利用总用电量的历史序列。结果表明,在实现的所有模型中,性能相似。尽管存在广泛的延迟,但预测结果很好地遵循了测量趋势,同时也突出了预测峰值的特殊困难。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)
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