Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23035
D. DiAngelo, Weiqiang Liu, B. Kelly, K. Foley
Anterior cervical discectomy with or without graft fusion is an acceptable surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis or other spinal disc diseases. A graft-alone or graft with supplemental spinal instrumentation may be used to immobilize the operated/injured region to promote bony fusion. Graft fusion with instrumentation is intended to restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine and decrease graft complications. Although the surgical procedure should restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine, little is known of the load-sharing mechanics of single-level grafted constructs. We have previously shown that anterior instrumentation reverses the loading mechanics of a multi-level cervical strut-graft tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions (DiAngelo et al., 2000). We hypothesize that a single-level anterior cervical plate will function in a similar manner. That is, a single-level anterior cervical plate will reverse the loads on the graft by loading the graft in extension and unloading the graft in flexion. We also hypothesize that a graft-alone construct does not provide adequate stabilization comparable to that of the graft-plated condition tested in flexion and extension. The objective of the study was to determine the biomechanical stability of four different spine conditions tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions. They included the harvested, discectomized, graft-alone, and graft with single-level anterior cervical plate.
{"title":"Effects of Anterior Spinal Instrumentation on Single-Level Cervical Graft Mechanics","authors":"D. DiAngelo, Weiqiang Liu, B. Kelly, K. Foley","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Anterior cervical discectomy with or without graft fusion is an acceptable surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis or other spinal disc diseases. A graft-alone or graft with supplemental spinal instrumentation may be used to immobilize the operated/injured region to promote bony fusion. Graft fusion with instrumentation is intended to restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine and decrease graft complications. Although the surgical procedure should restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine, little is known of the load-sharing mechanics of single-level grafted constructs. We have previously shown that anterior instrumentation reverses the loading mechanics of a multi-level cervical strut-graft tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions (DiAngelo et al., 2000). We hypothesize that a single-level anterior cervical plate will function in a similar manner. That is, a single-level anterior cervical plate will reverse the loads on the graft by loading the graft in extension and unloading the graft in flexion. We also hypothesize that a graft-alone construct does not provide adequate stabilization comparable to that of the graft-plated condition tested in flexion and extension. The objective of the study was to determine the biomechanical stability of four different spine conditions tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions. They included the harvested, discectomized, graft-alone, and graft with single-level anterior cervical plate.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80410404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23124
D. Tang, Chun Yang, S. Kobayashi
There has been increasing evidence that severe stenosis may cause artery compression and plaque cap rupture leading to heart attack and stroke. The physiological conditions under which that may occur and mechanisms involved are not well understood. It has been known that severe stenosis causes critical flow and wall mechanical conditions such as flow limitation, flow separation, low and oscillating shear stress distal to the stenosis, high shear stress and low or even negative flow pressure at the throat of stenosis, artery compression or even collapse. Those conditions are related to limitation of blood supply, intimal thickening and thrombosis formation, endothelism damage, platelet activation and aggregation, plaque cap rupture (for review, see [1,2]). Due to the complexity of the problem and lack of experimental data for mechanical properties of arteries under both expansion and compression, previous models were limited primarily to flow behaviors and with various limitations (axisymmetry, rigid wall, small strain, small pressure gradient). In this paper, experimental data for artery mechanical properties under physiological conditions were measured and a 3-d computational model is introduced to investigate flow behaviors and wall stress and strain distributions with fluid-structure interactions to better understand the mechanism involved in artery compression and plaque cap rupture.
{"title":"3-D Simulation for Blood Flow and Artery Compression in Asymmetric Stenotic Arteries With Axial Stretch","authors":"D. Tang, Chun Yang, S. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There has been increasing evidence that severe stenosis may cause artery compression and plaque cap rupture leading to heart attack and stroke. The physiological conditions under which that may occur and mechanisms involved are not well understood. It has been known that severe stenosis causes critical flow and wall mechanical conditions such as flow limitation, flow separation, low and oscillating shear stress distal to the stenosis, high shear stress and low or even negative flow pressure at the throat of stenosis, artery compression or even collapse. Those conditions are related to limitation of blood supply, intimal thickening and thrombosis formation, endothelism damage, platelet activation and aggregation, plaque cap rupture (for review, see [1,2]). Due to the complexity of the problem and lack of experimental data for mechanical properties of arteries under both expansion and compression, previous models were limited primarily to flow behaviors and with various limitations (axisymmetry, rigid wall, small strain, small pressure gradient). In this paper, experimental data for artery mechanical properties under physiological conditions were measured and a 3-d computational model is introduced to investigate flow behaviors and wall stress and strain distributions with fluid-structure interactions to better understand the mechanism involved in artery compression and plaque cap rupture.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86159085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23094
S. Frank, E. Seibel
There are over 14 million people in the United States who are classified as ‘low vision’, with visual acuity no better than 20/40 with best correction in their best eye. Of these, over 3 million are classified as ‘legally blind’, with visual acuity no better than 20/200 with the best correction in the better eye [1]. All of these people suffer from an inability to perform some or all of the simple daily tasks that the majority of ‘normal sighted’ people take for granted. These include, but are not limited to, navigating in- and outdoors; reading a newspaper or medicine bottles; recognizing faces. Helping as many of these people as possible perform these tasks is a daunting task, and requires an interactive system capable of extracting pertinent data from the environment, enhancing the data, and then presenting it to the user in a form that is well understood and relevant to the user’s task. A lightweight, small, inexpensive, and bright display device with a large field of view and high resolution is a key component of such a system.
{"title":"Design of a Vibrating Fiber Display for a Wearable Low Vision Aid","authors":"S. Frank, E. Seibel","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are over 14 million people in the United States who are classified as ‘low vision’, with visual acuity no better than 20/40 with best correction in their best eye. Of these, over 3 million are classified as ‘legally blind’, with visual acuity no better than 20/200 with the best correction in the better eye [1]. All of these people suffer from an inability to perform some or all of the simple daily tasks that the majority of ‘normal sighted’ people take for granted. These include, but are not limited to, navigating in- and outdoors; reading a newspaper or medicine bottles; recognizing faces. Helping as many of these people as possible perform these tasks is a daunting task, and requires an interactive system capable of extracting pertinent data from the environment, enhancing the data, and then presenting it to the user in a form that is well understood and relevant to the user’s task. A lightweight, small, inexpensive, and bright display device with a large field of view and high resolution is a key component of such a system.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73237419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23125
B. Simon, P. Rigby, S. K. Williams
Porohyperelastic (PHE) finite element models (FEMs) have been useful in vascular biomechanics to study the coupled structural response and mobile fluid flux in arterial wall tissues for steady state and cyclic pressures. Previous papers [1,2,3] described PHE FEMs, which determined fluid transport response to representative pulsatile pressures. Those FE analyses have been extended and additional results are given here for cyclic (pulsatile) pressurization of rabbit aortas. The ABAQUS program and a PHE material model were used to simulate fluid transport for “intact” and “de-endothelialized” aortas subjected to “normal” and “hypertensive” pulsatile pressures at heart rates (HRs) of 60 and 120 BPM.
{"title":"ABAQUS Finite Element Models of Convective Transport in the Walls of Arteries Subjected to Steady and Pulsatile Pressure","authors":"B. Simon, P. Rigby, S. K. Williams","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Porohyperelastic (PHE) finite element models (FEMs) have been useful in vascular biomechanics to study the coupled structural response and mobile fluid flux in arterial wall tissues for steady state and cyclic pressures. Previous papers [1,2,3] described PHE FEMs, which determined fluid transport response to representative pulsatile pressures. Those FE analyses have been extended and additional results are given here for cyclic (pulsatile) pressurization of rabbit aortas. The ABAQUS program and a PHE material model were used to simulate fluid transport for “intact” and “de-endothelialized” aortas subjected to “normal” and “hypertensive” pulsatile pressures at heart rates (HRs) of 60 and 120 BPM.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76530768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23090
T. McGloughlin
Wear behaviour of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert in tibial components of total knee implants is believed to be influenced by the contact conditions occurring at the femoro-tibial interface. The wear debris which is generated in the vicinity of the implant is known to evoke undesirable effects and limits the long term survival rates of total knee replacement Mc Gloughlin et al [1].
{"title":"Metal Trays in Tibial Components of Knee Implants; Contact Stress and Deflection Behaviour","authors":"T. McGloughlin","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wear behaviour of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert in tibial components of total knee implants is believed to be influenced by the contact conditions occurring at the femoro-tibial interface. The wear debris which is generated in the vicinity of the implant is known to evoke undesirable effects and limits the long term survival rates of total knee replacement Mc Gloughlin et al [1].","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77851460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23072
K. Moglo, A. Shirazi-Adl
The human knee joint is a multi-body complex system that experiences relatively large loads and displacements during normal daily activities. The joint stability is provided by its articular surfaces, menisci, ligaments and muscles. An injury to a component is expected to influence the joint normal kinematics/kinetics with liklihood to initiate/accelerate joint instability and degeneration. In this work, a validated nonlinear 3-D model of the human knee joint [1,2] is further refined and applied to the analysis of the tibiofemoral joint in passive flexion under 100N anterior or posterior horizontal preload. Attention is focused on the global (primary and coupled) motions, ligament forces and load transmission via articular surfaces. The effect of ligament initial strain on the response is also investigated.
{"title":"Response Analysis of Passive Human Knee Joint in Flexion Under Anterior-Posterior Loads","authors":"K. Moglo, A. Shirazi-Adl","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The human knee joint is a multi-body complex system that experiences relatively large loads and displacements during normal daily activities. The joint stability is provided by its articular surfaces, menisci, ligaments and muscles. An injury to a component is expected to influence the joint normal kinematics/kinetics with liklihood to initiate/accelerate joint instability and degeneration. In this work, a validated nonlinear 3-D model of the human knee joint [1,2] is further refined and applied to the analysis of the tibiofemoral joint in passive flexion under 100N anterior or posterior horizontal preload. Attention is focused on the global (primary and coupled) motions, ligament forces and load transmission via articular surfaces. The effect of ligament initial strain on the response is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81394594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23027
D. Vashishth
Application of fracture mechanics to bone was undertaken to provide a better estimate of bone’s resistance to fracture as traditional strength of materials tests failed to provide a realistic measure due to the presence of inherent flaws and fatigue microcracks in bone (1). Consequently, over the last decade a number of fracture mechanics studies have characterized bone’s resistance to fracture in terms of critical stress intensity factor and critical strain energy release rate measured at the onset of a fracture crack (1–3). These studies, although useful, provide a limited insight into fracture behavior of bone as, unlike classical brittle materials, bone is a microcracking solid that derives its resistance to fracture during the process of crack propagation from microfracture mechanisms occurring behind the advancing crack front (4). More significantly age and disease-related alterations in the content and arrangement of bone, that cause reduced post-yield properties, are unlikely to be realized from initiation tests as such tests are limited to events at yielding.
{"title":"Rising Crack-Growth-Resistance Behavior in Cortical Bone: Implications for Toughness Measurements","authors":"D. Vashishth","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Application of fracture mechanics to bone was undertaken to provide a better estimate of bone’s resistance to fracture as traditional strength of materials tests failed to provide a realistic measure due to the presence of inherent flaws and fatigue microcracks in bone (1). Consequently, over the last decade a number of fracture mechanics studies have characterized bone’s resistance to fracture in terms of critical stress intensity factor and critical strain energy release rate measured at the onset of a fracture crack (1–3). These studies, although useful, provide a limited insight into fracture behavior of bone as, unlike classical brittle materials, bone is a microcracking solid that derives its resistance to fracture during the process of crack propagation from microfracture mechanisms occurring behind the advancing crack front (4). More significantly age and disease-related alterations in the content and arrangement of bone, that cause reduced post-yield properties, are unlikely to be realized from initiation tests as such tests are limited to events at yielding.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85522035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23096
E. Seibel, S. Frank, K. Kloeckner, T. Furness
The design of a wearable low vision aid (WLVA) encompasses a wide range of design variables and made more complex by rapidly changing camera, micro-display, and computer technologies, and with the unique needs of the partially sighted user. Many of the WLVA design challenges have been documented by Massof [1] using miniature cathode ray tube (CRT) displays. Our goal.is to develop new scanning light micro-displays for low-cost WLVAs. Originally proposed by Peli [2], we are designing WLVAs that scan light from a laser or light emitting diode (LED), directly toward the eye. As the light beam raster scans across the retina, the mind perceives it as a full image. This display technology is called retinal light scanning, which produces images of high brightness from the laser or LED source and great depth-of-focus because of the narrow beam of light. A recent reading performance study demonstrated significantly higher reading rates of a minority of partially sighted individuals using a retinal scanning Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) versus a CRT [3]. We are in the process of researching low-cost optical scanners [4], novel human interface designs [5], and a computer-aided, decision-based design process to aid in the development of WLVAs. The initial results from our computer-aided design process are presented here.
{"title":"Decision-Based Design of a Wearable Low Vision Aid","authors":"E. Seibel, S. Frank, K. Kloeckner, T. Furness","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The design of a wearable low vision aid (WLVA) encompasses a wide range of design variables and made more complex by rapidly changing camera, micro-display, and computer technologies, and with the unique needs of the partially sighted user. Many of the WLVA design challenges have been documented by Massof [1] using miniature cathode ray tube (CRT) displays. Our goal.is to develop new scanning light micro-displays for low-cost WLVAs. Originally proposed by Peli [2], we are designing WLVAs that scan light from a laser or light emitting diode (LED), directly toward the eye. As the light beam raster scans across the retina, the mind perceives it as a full image. This display technology is called retinal light scanning, which produces images of high brightness from the laser or LED source and great depth-of-focus because of the narrow beam of light. A recent reading performance study demonstrated significantly higher reading rates of a minority of partially sighted individuals using a retinal scanning Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) versus a CRT [3]. We are in the process of researching low-cost optical scanners [4], novel human interface designs [5], and a computer-aided, decision-based design process to aid in the development of WLVAs. The initial results from our computer-aided design process are presented here.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"62 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88678871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23081
T. Doehring, L. Gilbertson, James D. Kang
Control of biomechanical experiments, especially those involving musculoskeletal joints such as the knee or spine, is a complicated problem because of the highly nonlinear kinematic, structural, and material properties of the tissue. Historically, materials testing machines with one or two degrees of freedom (DOF) (e.g. biaxial Instron, MTS) have been used. However, these devices, originally designed for testing of “standardized” engineering materials, are limited in two critical areas: 1) The number of DOF, and 2) The control system, which restricts the experiment to either “force control” or “displacement control” methods.
{"title":"Simulation and Control of a Robotic/UFS Testing System With Application to Lumbar Spine Biomechanics","authors":"T. Doehring, L. Gilbertson, James D. Kang","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Control of biomechanical experiments, especially those involving musculoskeletal joints such as the knee or spine, is a complicated problem because of the highly nonlinear kinematic, structural, and material properties of the tissue. Historically, materials testing machines with one or two degrees of freedom (DOF) (e.g. biaxial Instron, MTS) have been used. However, these devices, originally designed for testing of “standardized” engineering materials, are limited in two critical areas: 1) The number of DOF, and 2) The control system, which restricts the experiment to either “force control” or “displacement control” methods.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90637633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-11DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/bed-23135
C. Egelhoff, R. Budwig, J. K. Foster, B. L. Hansen
The motivation for the present study is to better understand the hemodynamics that may be involved with the onset of Myocardial Infarction (MI). We know the sequence of events is plaque rupture followed by thrombogenesis and then MI. There are several theories about the cause of rupture and fluid mechanics is cited as a possible theory.
{"title":"Investigation of Coronary Artery Stenosis Hemodynamics Using Experimental and Computational Models: Influence of Flowrate, Size, Symmetry and Wall Roughness","authors":"C. Egelhoff, R. Budwig, J. K. Foster, B. L. Hansen","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/bed-23135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The motivation for the present study is to better understand the hemodynamics that may be involved with the onset of Myocardial Infarction (MI). We know the sequence of events is plaque rupture followed by thrombogenesis and then MI. There are several theories about the cause of rupture and fluid mechanics is cited as a possible theory.","PeriodicalId":7238,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91180366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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