Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00242-z
Bahadır Utku Kesgin, Uğur Teğin
Machine learning studies need colossal power to process massive datasets and train neural networks to reach high accuracies, which have become gradually unsustainable. Limited by the von Neumann bottleneck, current computing architectures and methods fuel this high power consumption. Here, we present an analog computing method that harnesses chaotic nonlinear attractors to perform machine learning tasks with low power consumption. Inspired by neuromorphic computing, our model is a programmable, versatile, and generalized platform for machine learning tasks. Our mode provides exceptional performance in clustering by utilizing chaotic attractors’ nonlinear mapping and sensitivity to initial conditions. When deployed as a simple analog device, it only requires milliwatt-scale power levels while being on par with current machine learning techniques. We demonstrate low errors and high accuracies with our model for regression and classification-based learning tasks. Bahadır Utku Kesgin and Uğur Teğin propose using a Lorenz attractor as a nonlinear transfer function for neural network nodes. They design a power-efficient electrical circuit and use them for regression and classification test tasks.
机器学习研究需要巨大的能量来处理海量数据集和训练神经网络，以达到较高的精确度，这已逐渐变得难以为继。受限于冯-诺依曼瓶颈，当前的计算架构和方法助长了这种高能耗。在此，我们提出一种模拟计算方法，利用混沌非线性吸引子以低功耗执行机器学习任务。受神经形态计算的启发，我们的模式是一个可编程、多功能和通用的机器学习任务平台。我们的模式利用混沌吸引子的非线性映射和对初始条件的敏感性，在聚类方面提供了卓越的性能。当作为一个简单的模拟设备部署时，它只需要毫瓦级的功率，同时与当前的机器学习技术相当。我们展示了我们的模型在回归和分类学习任务中的低误差和高准确度。Bahadır Utku Kesgin 和 Uğur Teğin 建议使用洛伦兹吸引子作为神经网络节点的非线性传递函数。他们设计了一种高能效电路，并将其用于回归和分类测试任务。
{"title":"Implementing the analogous neural network using chaotic strange attractors","authors":"Bahadır Utku Kesgin, Uğur Teğin","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00242-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00242-z","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning studies need colossal power to process massive datasets and train neural networks to reach high accuracies, which have become gradually unsustainable. Limited by the von Neumann bottleneck, current computing architectures and methods fuel this high power consumption. Here, we present an analog computing method that harnesses chaotic nonlinear attractors to perform machine learning tasks with low power consumption. Inspired by neuromorphic computing, our model is a programmable, versatile, and generalized platform for machine learning tasks. Our mode provides exceptional performance in clustering by utilizing chaotic attractors’ nonlinear mapping and sensitivity to initial conditions. When deployed as a simple analog device, it only requires milliwatt-scale power levels while being on par with current machine learning techniques. We demonstrate low errors and high accuracies with our model for regression and classification-based learning tasks. Bahadır Utku Kesgin and Uğur Teğin propose using a Lorenz attractor as a nonlinear transfer function for neural network nodes. They design a power-efficient electrical circuit and use them for regression and classification test tasks.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00242-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00241-0
Mohammad Askari, Michele Benciolini, Hoang-Vu Phan, William Stewart, Auke J. Ijspeert, Dario Floreano
Perching with winged Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has often been solved by means of complex control or intricate appendages. Here, we present a method that relies on passive wing morphing for crash-landing on trees and other types of vertical poles. Inspired by the adaptability of animals’ and bats’ limbs in gripping and holding onto trees, we design dual-purpose wings that enable both aerial gliding and perching on poles. With an upturned nose design, the robot can passively reorient from horizontal flight to vertical upon a head-on crash with a pole, followed by hugging with its wings to perch. We characterize the performance of reorientation and perching in terms of impact speed and angle, pole material, and size. The robot robustly reorients at impact angles above 15° and speeds of 3 m ⋅ s−1 to 9 m ⋅ s−1, and can hold onto various pole types larger than 28% of its wingspan in diameter. We demonstrate crash-perching on tree trunks with an overall success rate of 73%. The method opens up new possibilities for the use of aerial robots in applications such as inspection, maintenance, and biodiversity conservation. Mohammad Askari and colleagues report a strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to perch on vertical poles and trees upon crash landing. An upturned nose passively reorients the robot, while dual-purpose wings secure the robot using an enveloping grasp, not unlike a hug.
{"title":"Crash-perching on vertical poles with a hugging-wing robot","authors":"Mohammad Askari, Michele Benciolini, Hoang-Vu Phan, William Stewart, Auke J. Ijspeert, Dario Floreano","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00241-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00241-0","url":null,"abstract":"Perching with winged Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has often been solved by means of complex control or intricate appendages. Here, we present a method that relies on passive wing morphing for crash-landing on trees and other types of vertical poles. Inspired by the adaptability of animals’ and bats’ limbs in gripping and holding onto trees, we design dual-purpose wings that enable both aerial gliding and perching on poles. With an upturned nose design, the robot can passively reorient from horizontal flight to vertical upon a head-on crash with a pole, followed by hugging with its wings to perch. We characterize the performance of reorientation and perching in terms of impact speed and angle, pole material, and size. The robot robustly reorients at impact angles above 15° and speeds of 3 m ⋅ s−1 to 9 m ⋅ s−1, and can hold onto various pole types larger than 28% of its wingspan in diameter. We demonstrate crash-perching on tree trunks with an overall success rate of 73%. The method opens up new possibilities for the use of aerial robots in applications such as inspection, maintenance, and biodiversity conservation. Mohammad Askari and colleagues report a strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to perch on vertical poles and trees upon crash landing. An upturned nose passively reorients the robot, while dual-purpose wings secure the robot using an enveloping grasp, not unlike a hug.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00241-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00245-w
Kaicong Sun, Yuanwang Zhang, Jiameng Liu, Ling Yu, Yan Zhou, Fang Xie, Qihao Guo, Han Zhang, Qian Wang, Dinggang Shen
Brain disease diagnosis using multiple imaging modalities has shown superior performance compared to using single modality, yet multi-modal data is not easily available in clinical routine due to cost or radiation risk. Here we propose a synthesis-empowered uncertainty-aware classification framework for brain disease diagnosis. To synthesize disease-relevant features effectively, a two-stage framework is proposed including multi-modal feature representation learning and representation transfer based on hierarchical similarity matching. Besides, the synthesized and acquired modality features are integrated based on evidential learning, which provides diagnosis decision and also diagnosis uncertainty. Our framework is extensively evaluated on five datasets containing 3758 subjects for three brain diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and O[6]-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status for glioblastoma, achieving 0.950 and 0.806 in area under the ROC curve on ADNI dataset for discriminating AD patients from normal controls and progressive MCI from static MCI, respectively. Our framework not only achieves quasi-multimodal performance although using single-modal input, but also provides reliable diagnosis uncertainty. Kaicong Sun and colleagues design a generative uncertainty-aware AI framework to facilitate brain disease diagnosis using single-modal input. Validated on five datasets comprising thousands of subjects, this approach shows promising results close to using multi-modal input across three types of brain disease.
{"title":"Achieving multi-modal brain disease diagnosis performance using only single-modal images through generative AI","authors":"Kaicong Sun, Yuanwang Zhang, Jiameng Liu, Ling Yu, Yan Zhou, Fang Xie, Qihao Guo, Han Zhang, Qian Wang, Dinggang Shen","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00245-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00245-w","url":null,"abstract":"Brain disease diagnosis using multiple imaging modalities has shown superior performance compared to using single modality, yet multi-modal data is not easily available in clinical routine due to cost or radiation risk. Here we propose a synthesis-empowered uncertainty-aware classification framework for brain disease diagnosis. To synthesize disease-relevant features effectively, a two-stage framework is proposed including multi-modal feature representation learning and representation transfer based on hierarchical similarity matching. Besides, the synthesized and acquired modality features are integrated based on evidential learning, which provides diagnosis decision and also diagnosis uncertainty. Our framework is extensively evaluated on five datasets containing 3758 subjects for three brain diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and O[6]-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status for glioblastoma, achieving 0.950 and 0.806 in area under the ROC curve on ADNI dataset for discriminating AD patients from normal controls and progressive MCI from static MCI, respectively. Our framework not only achieves quasi-multimodal performance although using single-modal input, but also provides reliable diagnosis uncertainty. Kaicong Sun and colleagues design a generative uncertainty-aware AI framework to facilitate brain disease diagnosis using single-modal input. Validated on five datasets comprising thousands of subjects, this approach shows promising results close to using multi-modal input across three types of brain disease.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00245-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00240-1
Beatriz J. Barros, João P. S. Cunha
Diagnosis of health disorders relies heavily on detecting biological data and accurately observing pathological changes. A significant challenge lies in detecting targeted biological signals and developing reliable sensing technology for clinically relevant results. The combination of data analytics with the sensing abilities of Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFT) provides a high-capability, multifunctional biosensing approach for biophotonic tools. In this work, we introduced phase as a new domain to obtain light patterns in OFT back-scattering signals. By applying a multivariate data analysis procedure, we extract phase spectral information for discriminating micro and nano (bio)particles. A newly proposed method—Hilbert Phase Slope—presented high suitability for differentiation problems, providing features able to discriminate with statistical significance two optically trapped human tumoral cells (MKN45 gastric cell line) and two classes of non-trapped cancer-derived extracellular nanovesicles – an important outcome in view of the current challenges of label-free bio-detection for multifunctional single-molecule analytic tools. The light patterns in backscattering signals of Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFT) has been demonstrated able to discriminate a wide range of microparticles. Barros and Cunha take this a step further by extracting the phase spectral information from OFT backscattering signals. This approach allows for the detection and identification of tumoral cell and extracellular nanovesicle features in complex biological media.
健康疾病的诊断在很大程度上依赖于检测生物数据和准确观察病理变化。检测目标生物信号和开发可靠的传感技术以获得临床相关结果是一项重大挑战。数据分析与光纤镊子（OFT）的传感能力相结合，为生物光子工具提供了一种高能力、多功能的生物传感方法。在这项工作中，我们引入了相位这一新领域，以获取 OFT 背散射信号中的光模式。通过应用多元数据分析程序，我们提取了相位光谱信息，用于区分微米和纳米（生物）颗粒。一种新提出的方法--希尔伯特相位斜率--非常适用于区分问题，它提供的特征能够以统计学意义区分两种光学捕获的人类肿瘤细胞（MKN45 胃细胞系）和两类非捕获的癌症衍生细胞外纳米颗粒--鉴于目前多功能单分子分析工具在无标记生物检测方面面临的挑战，这是一项重要成果。光导纤维镊子（OFT）反向散射信号中的光型已被证明能够区分各种微颗粒。Barros 和 Cunha 在此基础上更进一步，从光纤镊反向散射信号中提取了相位光谱信息。这种方法可以检测和识别复杂生物介质中的肿瘤细胞和细胞外纳米微粒特征。
{"title":"Single-cell and extracellular nano-vesicles biosensing through phase spectral analysis of optical fiber tweezers back-scattering signals","authors":"Beatriz J. Barros, João P. S. Cunha","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00240-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00240-1","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis of health disorders relies heavily on detecting biological data and accurately observing pathological changes. A significant challenge lies in detecting targeted biological signals and developing reliable sensing technology for clinically relevant results. The combination of data analytics with the sensing abilities of Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFT) provides a high-capability, multifunctional biosensing approach for biophotonic tools. In this work, we introduced phase as a new domain to obtain light patterns in OFT back-scattering signals. By applying a multivariate data analysis procedure, we extract phase spectral information for discriminating micro and nano (bio)particles. A newly proposed method—Hilbert Phase Slope—presented high suitability for differentiation problems, providing features able to discriminate with statistical significance two optically trapped human tumoral cells (MKN45 gastric cell line) and two classes of non-trapped cancer-derived extracellular nanovesicles – an important outcome in view of the current challenges of label-free bio-detection for multifunctional single-molecule analytic tools. The light patterns in backscattering signals of Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFT) has been demonstrated able to discriminate a wide range of microparticles. Barros and Cunha take this a step further by extracting the phase spectral information from OFT backscattering signals. This approach allows for the detection and identification of tumoral cell and extracellular nanovesicle features in complex biological media.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00240-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00238-9
Chengcheng Zhao, Leiliang Zheng Kobayashi, Awad Bin Saud Alquaity, Jean-Christophe Monfort, Emre Cenker, Noliner Miralles, S. Mani Sarathy
With heavy reliance on fossil fuels, countries like Saudi Arabia face challenges in reducing carbon emissions from urban bus transportation. Herein, we address the gaps in evaluating proton-exchange membrane fuel cell buses and develop a globally relevant life-cycle assessment model using Saudi Arabia as a case study. We consider various bus propulsion technologies, including fuel cell buses powered by grey and blue hydrogen, battery electric buses, and diesel engines, and include the shipping phase, air conditioning load, and refuelling infrastructure. The assessment illustrates fuel cell buses using blue hydrogen can reduce emissions by 53.6% compared to diesel buses, despite a 19.5% increase in energy use from carbon capture and storage systems. Battery electric buses are affected by the energy mix and battery manufacturing, so only cut emissions by 16.9%. Sensitivity analysis shows climate benefits depend on energy sources and efficiencies of carbon capture and hydrogen production. By 2030, grey and blue hydrogen-powered fuel cell buses and battery electric buses are projected to reduce carbon emissions by 19.3%, 33.4%, and 51% respectively, compared to their 2022 levels. Fully renewable-powered battery electric buses potentially achieve up to 89.6% reduction. However, fuel cell buses consistently exhibit lower environmental burdens compared to battery electric buses. Chengcheng Zhao and co-authors study the potential of battery electric buses and hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell buses. They analyse their usage in urban transport and quantify the environmental impact.
{"title":"Solutions for decarbonising urban bus transport: a life cycle case study in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Chengcheng Zhao, Leiliang Zheng Kobayashi, Awad Bin Saud Alquaity, Jean-Christophe Monfort, Emre Cenker, Noliner Miralles, S. Mani Sarathy","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00238-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00238-9","url":null,"abstract":"With heavy reliance on fossil fuels, countries like Saudi Arabia face challenges in reducing carbon emissions from urban bus transportation. Herein, we address the gaps in evaluating proton-exchange membrane fuel cell buses and develop a globally relevant life-cycle assessment model using Saudi Arabia as a case study. We consider various bus propulsion technologies, including fuel cell buses powered by grey and blue hydrogen, battery electric buses, and diesel engines, and include the shipping phase, air conditioning load, and refuelling infrastructure. The assessment illustrates fuel cell buses using blue hydrogen can reduce emissions by 53.6% compared to diesel buses, despite a 19.5% increase in energy use from carbon capture and storage systems. Battery electric buses are affected by the energy mix and battery manufacturing, so only cut emissions by 16.9%. Sensitivity analysis shows climate benefits depend on energy sources and efficiencies of carbon capture and hydrogen production. By 2030, grey and blue hydrogen-powered fuel cell buses and battery electric buses are projected to reduce carbon emissions by 19.3%, 33.4%, and 51% respectively, compared to their 2022 levels. Fully renewable-powered battery electric buses potentially achieve up to 89.6% reduction. However, fuel cell buses consistently exhibit lower environmental burdens compared to battery electric buses. Chengcheng Zhao and co-authors study the potential of battery electric buses and hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell buses. They analyse their usage in urban transport and quantify the environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00238-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00244-x
Steven Sachio, Adam Ward, Ronny Pini, Maria M. Papathanasiou
Dispatchable low-carbon power underpins the transition to a sustainable energy system, providing balancing load for the integration of intermittent renewable power. In such load-following operation, the post-combustion carbon capture process must be capable of highly transient operation. Here we have developed a computational framework that integrates process design, operability and techno-economic assessment of a pressure-vacuum swing adsorption process for CO2 capture. We demonstrate that the cost-optimal design has limited process flexibility, challenging reactiveness to disturbances in the flue gas conditions. Flexibility can be introduced by relaxing the CO2 recovery constraint on the operation, albeit at the expense of the capture efficiency of the process. We discover that adsorption-based processes can be designed to enhance flexibility, while improving performance with respect to the operational constraints on CO2 recovery and purity. The results herein demonstrate a trade-off between process economics and process operability, which must be rationalised to integrate CO2 capture units in low-carbon energy systems. Drs Papathanasiou & Pini, and colleagues present a model-based approach for efficient design of sorbent-based post-combustion carbon capture. They quantify operability-cost trade-offs and identify suitable candidate designs that satisfy CO2 purity and recovery constraints.
{"title":"Operability-economics trade-offs in adsorption-based CO2 capture processes","authors":"Steven Sachio, Adam Ward, Ronny Pini, Maria M. Papathanasiou","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00244-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00244-x","url":null,"abstract":"Dispatchable low-carbon power underpins the transition to a sustainable energy system, providing balancing load for the integration of intermittent renewable power. In such load-following operation, the post-combustion carbon capture process must be capable of highly transient operation. Here we have developed a computational framework that integrates process design, operability and techno-economic assessment of a pressure-vacuum swing adsorption process for CO2 capture. We demonstrate that the cost-optimal design has limited process flexibility, challenging reactiveness to disturbances in the flue gas conditions. Flexibility can be introduced by relaxing the CO2 recovery constraint on the operation, albeit at the expense of the capture efficiency of the process. We discover that adsorption-based processes can be designed to enhance flexibility, while improving performance with respect to the operational constraints on CO2 recovery and purity. The results herein demonstrate a trade-off between process economics and process operability, which must be rationalised to integrate CO2 capture units in low-carbon energy systems. Drs Papathanasiou & Pini, and colleagues present a model-based approach for efficient design of sorbent-based post-combustion carbon capture. They quantify operability-cost trade-offs and identify suitable candidate designs that satisfy CO2 purity and recovery constraints.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00244-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00237-w
Charles J. Carver, Xia Zhou
Wide-scale sensing of natural and human-made events is critical for protecting against environmental disasters and reducing the monetary losses associated with telecommunication service downtime. However, achieving dense sensing coverage is difficult, given the high deployment overhead of modern sensor networks. Here we offer an in-depth exploration of state-of-polarization sensing over fiber-optic networks using unmodified optical transceivers to establish a strong correlation with ground truth distributed acoustic sensing. To validate our sensing methodology, we collect 85 days of polarization and distributed acoustic sensing measurements along two colocated, 50 km fiber-optic cables in Southern California. We then examine how polarization sensing can improve network reliability by accurately modeling overall network health and preemptively detecting traffic loss. Finally, we explore the feasibility of wide-scale seismic monitoring with polarization sensing, showcasing the polarization perturbations following low-intensity earthquakes and the potential to more than double seismic monitoring coverage in Southern California alone. Carver and Zhou demonstrate the potential of state-of polarization sensing when applied to unmodified, terrestrial fiber-optic networks. This type of sensing is shown to detect events of both anthropic and seismic origin.
{"title":"Polarization sensing of network health and seismic activity over a live terrestrial fiber-optic cable","authors":"Charles J. Carver, Xia Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00237-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00237-w","url":null,"abstract":"Wide-scale sensing of natural and human-made events is critical for protecting against environmental disasters and reducing the monetary losses associated with telecommunication service downtime. However, achieving dense sensing coverage is difficult, given the high deployment overhead of modern sensor networks. Here we offer an in-depth exploration of state-of-polarization sensing over fiber-optic networks using unmodified optical transceivers to establish a strong correlation with ground truth distributed acoustic sensing. To validate our sensing methodology, we collect 85 days of polarization and distributed acoustic sensing measurements along two colocated, 50 km fiber-optic cables in Southern California. We then examine how polarization sensing can improve network reliability by accurately modeling overall network health and preemptively detecting traffic loss. Finally, we explore the feasibility of wide-scale seismic monitoring with polarization sensing, showcasing the polarization perturbations following low-intensity earthquakes and the potential to more than double seismic monitoring coverage in Southern California alone. Carver and Zhou demonstrate the potential of state-of polarization sensing when applied to unmodified, terrestrial fiber-optic networks. This type of sensing is shown to detect events of both anthropic and seismic origin.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00237-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00243-y
Liam Cronin, Soheil Sadeghi Eshkevari, Thomas J. Matarazzo, Sebastiano Milardo, Iman Dabbaghchian, Paolo Santi, Shamim N. Pakzad, Carlo Ratti
Structural information deficits about aging bridges have led to several avoidable catastrophes in recent years. Data-driven methods for bridge vibration monitoring enable frequent, accurate structural assessments; however, the high costs of widespread deployments of these systems make important condition information a luxury for bridge owners. Smartphone-based monitoring is inexpensive and has produced structural information, i.e., modal frequencies, in crowdsensing applications. Even so, current methods cannot extract spatial vibration characteristics with uncontrolled datasets that are needed for damage identification. Here we present an extensive real-world study with crowdsourced smartphone-vehicle trips within motor vehicles in which we estimate absolute value mode shapes and simulate damage detection capabilities. Our method analyzes over 800 trips across four road bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 1300 m in length, representing about one-quarter of bridges in the United States. We demonstrate a bridge health monitoring platform compatible with ride-sourcing data streams that check conditions daily. The result has the potential to commodify data-driven structural assessments globally. Liam Cronin and colleagues develop an end-to-end approach for crowdsourcing vibration data from cell phones in vehicles to extract bridge vibration characteristics known to be sensitive to structural damage.
{"title":"Bridging the Gap: commodifying infrastructure spatial dynamics with crowdsourced smartphone data","authors":"Liam Cronin, Soheil Sadeghi Eshkevari, Thomas J. Matarazzo, Sebastiano Milardo, Iman Dabbaghchian, Paolo Santi, Shamim N. Pakzad, Carlo Ratti","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00243-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00243-y","url":null,"abstract":"Structural information deficits about aging bridges have led to several avoidable catastrophes in recent years. Data-driven methods for bridge vibration monitoring enable frequent, accurate structural assessments; however, the high costs of widespread deployments of these systems make important condition information a luxury for bridge owners. Smartphone-based monitoring is inexpensive and has produced structural information, i.e., modal frequencies, in crowdsensing applications. Even so, current methods cannot extract spatial vibration characteristics with uncontrolled datasets that are needed for damage identification. Here we present an extensive real-world study with crowdsourced smartphone-vehicle trips within motor vehicles in which we estimate absolute value mode shapes and simulate damage detection capabilities. Our method analyzes over 800 trips across four road bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 1300 m in length, representing about one-quarter of bridges in the United States. We demonstrate a bridge health monitoring platform compatible with ride-sourcing data streams that check conditions daily. The result has the potential to commodify data-driven structural assessments globally. Liam Cronin and colleagues develop an end-to-end approach for crowdsourcing vibration data from cell phones in vehicles to extract bridge vibration characteristics known to be sensitive to structural damage.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00243-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00239-8
Chul Kim, Kwang Soo Bae, Gunhee Kim, Dae-Young Lee, Gyeongub Moon, Dongwook Yang, Hyeonjun Lee, Jongyeop An, Jungwoo Park, Seokgyu Yoon, Cheol Gon Lee, Mu Kyung Jeon, Sanghwan Cho, Sunghan Kim, Yongjo Kim, Changhee Lee
Display has been evolving its role as a conventional optical output device into an user interactive input and output device by harnessing various sensors and taking full advantage of its user interaction friendly nature. To demonstrate this phenomenon, here we report a full organic photodiode embedded organic light-emitting diode display as multiple objects sensing platform which identifies the user’s physiological data based on the obtained photoplethysmography signal and also detects a fingerprint for an authentication concurrently in a single device. This paper introduces the technical breakthroughs to solve the complex technical challenges due to the crosstalks induced within the shared common layers during the full integration of the two conflicting devices and also the method made possible for the multiple objects sensing with the measurement results. Consequently, we believe it could prove a progression of display to a fully bidirectional innovative smart user interactive device and also could take a role as a sophisticated future display beyond organic light-emitting diode display. Chul Kim and colleagues show a sensor display which is able to capture biometric data. In one device, they combine fingerprint identification and biomarker estimation while maintaining the same display quality.
通过利用各种传感器并充分利用其用户交互友好的特性，显示器已从传统的光学输出设备发展成为用户交互式输入和输出设备。为了展示这一现象，我们在此报告了一种全有机光电二极管嵌入式有机发光二极管显示屏，作为多物体传感平台，该显示屏可根据获得的光电血压信号识别用户的生理数据，还可在单一设备中同时检测用于身份验证的指纹。本文介绍了在技术上的突破，以解决在两个相互冲突的设备完全集成过程中由于共享共用层内的串扰而产生的复杂技术难题，并介绍了利用测量结果实现多目标传感的方法。因此，我们相信它可以证明显示屏向完全双向创新智能用户交互设备的发展，也可以作为未来超越有机发光二极管显示屏的复杂显示屏发挥作用。Chul Kim 及其同事展示了一种能够捕捉生物特征数据的传感器显示器。在一个设备中，他们将指纹识别和生物标记估计结合在一起，同时保持了相同的显示质量。
{"title":"Sensor organic light-emitting diode display, combining fingerprint and biomarker capturing","authors":"Chul Kim, Kwang Soo Bae, Gunhee Kim, Dae-Young Lee, Gyeongub Moon, Dongwook Yang, Hyeonjun Lee, Jongyeop An, Jungwoo Park, Seokgyu Yoon, Cheol Gon Lee, Mu Kyung Jeon, Sanghwan Cho, Sunghan Kim, Yongjo Kim, Changhee Lee","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00239-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00239-8","url":null,"abstract":"Display has been evolving its role as a conventional optical output device into an user interactive input and output device by harnessing various sensors and taking full advantage of its user interaction friendly nature. To demonstrate this phenomenon, here we report a full organic photodiode embedded organic light-emitting diode display as multiple objects sensing platform which identifies the user’s physiological data based on the obtained photoplethysmography signal and also detects a fingerprint for an authentication concurrently in a single device. This paper introduces the technical breakthroughs to solve the complex technical challenges due to the crosstalks induced within the shared common layers during the full integration of the two conflicting devices and also the method made possible for the multiple objects sensing with the measurement results. Consequently, we believe it could prove a progression of display to a fully bidirectional innovative smart user interactive device and also could take a role as a sophisticated future display beyond organic light-emitting diode display. Chul Kim and colleagues show a sensor display which is able to capture biometric data. In one device, they combine fingerprint identification and biomarker estimation while maintaining the same display quality.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00239-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00233-0
Mengjia He, Dilara Faderl, Neil MacKinnon, Yen-Tse Cheng, Dominique Buyens, Mazin Jouda, Burkhard Luy, Jan G. Korvink
One approach to increasing nuclear magnetic resonance measurement sample throughput is to implement multiple, independent detection sites. However, the presence of radio frequency interference poses a challenge in multi-detector systems, particularly in unshielded coil arrays lacking sufficient electrical isolation. This issue can lead to unwanted coupling of inductive coils, resulting in excitation pulse interference and signal transfer among multiple detection sites. Here we propose a theoretical framework that combines electromagnetic simulation with spin-dynamic calculations. This framework enables the evaluation of coil coupling effects, the design of parallel pulse sequences to mitigate inter-channel coupling, and the separation of composite free induction decays obtained from multiple detectors. The parallel pulse compensation scheme was validated by a 2-channel parallel spectroscopy experiment. These results provide valuable insights for the design of parallel nuclear magnetic resonance hardware and for exploring the limits of parallelization capacity within a fixed magnet system. Mengjia He and colleagues mitigate unwanted interference between inductive coils in multi-detector nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their framework enables a compensation mechanism and enhances the parallelisation capacity.
{"title":"A digital twin for parallel liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Mengjia He, Dilara Faderl, Neil MacKinnon, Yen-Tse Cheng, Dominique Buyens, Mazin Jouda, Burkhard Luy, Jan G. Korvink","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00233-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00233-0","url":null,"abstract":"One approach to increasing nuclear magnetic resonance measurement sample throughput is to implement multiple, independent detection sites. However, the presence of radio frequency interference poses a challenge in multi-detector systems, particularly in unshielded coil arrays lacking sufficient electrical isolation. This issue can lead to unwanted coupling of inductive coils, resulting in excitation pulse interference and signal transfer among multiple detection sites. Here we propose a theoretical framework that combines electromagnetic simulation with spin-dynamic calculations. This framework enables the evaluation of coil coupling effects, the design of parallel pulse sequences to mitigate inter-channel coupling, and the separation of composite free induction decays obtained from multiple detectors. The parallel pulse compensation scheme was validated by a 2-channel parallel spectroscopy experiment. These results provide valuable insights for the design of parallel nuclear magnetic resonance hardware and for exploring the limits of parallelization capacity within a fixed magnet system. Mengjia He and colleagues mitigate unwanted interference between inductive coils in multi-detector nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their framework enables a compensation mechanism and enhances the parallelisation capacity.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00233-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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