Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00209-0
Syed Tariq Shah, Mahmoud A. Shawky, Jalil ur Rehman Kazim, Ahmad Taha, Shuja Ansari, Syed Faraz Hasan, Muhammad Ali Imran, Qammer H. Abbasi
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces have recently emerged as a revolutionary next-generation wireless networks paradigm that harnesses engineered electromagnetic environments to reshape radio wave propagation. Pioneering research presented in this article establishes the viability of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enhanced indoor localisation and charts a roadmap for its integration into next-generation wireless network architectures. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental analysis of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enabled indoor localisation scheme that evaluates the localisation accuracy of different machine learning algorithms under varying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces states, antenna types, and communication setups. The results indicate that incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces can significantly enhance indoor localisation accuracy, achieving an impressive 82.4% success rate. Moreover, this study delves into system performance across varied communication modes and subcarrier configurations. This research is poised to lay the groundwork for implementing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-empowered joint sensing and communications in future next-generation wireless networks. Syed Tariq Shah and colleagues use multi-antenna reconfigurable surfaces to maximise the accuracy of wireless indoor localisation. They study the achievable performance improvement using pre-trained machine learning techniques.
可重构智能表面（Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces）是最近出现的一种革命性的下一代无线网络范例，它利用工程电磁环境重塑无线电波传播。本文介绍的开创性研究确立了可重构智能表面增强室内定位功能的可行性，并为将其集成到下一代无线网络架构中描绘了路线图。在此，我们对可重构智能表面支持的室内定位方案进行了全面的实验分析，评估了不同机器学习算法在不同的可重构智能表面状态、天线类型和通信设置下的定位精度。结果表明，采用可重构智能表面可显著提高室内定位精度，成功率高达 82.4%。此外，这项研究还深入探讨了不同通信模式和子载波配置下的系统性能。这项研究为在未来下一代无线网络中实现可重构智能表面驱动的联合传感和通信奠定了基础。Syed Tariq Shah 及其同事利用多天线可重构表面最大限度地提高了无线室内定位的准确性。他们研究了使用预训练机器学习技术可实现的性能改进。
{"title":"Coded environments: data-driven indoor localisation with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces","authors":"Syed Tariq Shah, Mahmoud A. Shawky, Jalil ur Rehman Kazim, Ahmad Taha, Shuja Ansari, Syed Faraz Hasan, Muhammad Ali Imran, Qammer H. Abbasi","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00209-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00209-0","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces have recently emerged as a revolutionary next-generation wireless networks paradigm that harnesses engineered electromagnetic environments to reshape radio wave propagation. Pioneering research presented in this article establishes the viability of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enhanced indoor localisation and charts a roadmap for its integration into next-generation wireless network architectures. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental analysis of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enabled indoor localisation scheme that evaluates the localisation accuracy of different machine learning algorithms under varying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces states, antenna types, and communication setups. The results indicate that incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces can significantly enhance indoor localisation accuracy, achieving an impressive 82.4% success rate. Moreover, this study delves into system performance across varied communication modes and subcarrier configurations. This research is poised to lay the groundwork for implementing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-empowered joint sensing and communications in future next-generation wireless networks. Syed Tariq Shah and colleagues use multi-antenna reconfigurable surfaces to maximise the accuracy of wireless indoor localisation. They study the achievable performance improvement using pre-trained machine learning techniques.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00209-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140949342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00215-2
Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg, Nicole C. A. Rabou, Constantinos Goulas, Wytze C. Duinmeijer, Frank R. Halfwerk, Jutta Arens, Roger Lomme, Veronika Magdanz, Anke Klingner, Emily A. M. Klein Rot, Colin H. E. Nijland, Dorothee Wasserberg, H. Remco Liefers, Pascal Jonkheijm, Arturo Susarrey-Arce, Michiel Warlé, Islam S. M. Khalil
Intravascular surgical instruments require precise navigation within narrow vessels, necessitating maximum flexibility, minimal diameter, and high degrees of freedom. Existing tools often lack control during insertion due to undesirable bending, limiting vessel accessibility and risking tissue damage. Next-generation instruments aim to develop hemocompatible untethered devices controlled by external magnetic forces. Achieving this goal remains complex due to testing and implementation challenges in clinical environments. Here we assess the operational effectiveness of hemocompatible untethered magnetic robots using an ex vivo porcine aorta model. The results demonstrate a linear decrease in the swimming speed of untethered magnetic robots as arterial blood flow increases, with the capability to navigate against a maximum arterial flow rate of 67 mL/min. The untethered magnetic robots effectively demonstrate locomotion in a difficult-to-access target site, navigating through the abdominal aorta and reaching the distal end of the renal artery. Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg and colleagues report an X-ray guided platform for the wireless teleoperation of hemocompatible, untethered magnetic robots. The approach will enable clinicians to reach and treat vascular diseases within the body where alternative tethered flexible surgical instruments offer more limited control.
血管内手术器械需要在狭窄的血管内精确导航，因此需要最大的灵活性、最小的直径和高自由度。现有工具在插入过程中往往因弯曲不理想而缺乏控制，从而限制了血管的通达性，并有可能造成组织损伤。下一代器械的目标是开发血液兼容的、由外部磁力控制的无系绳装置。由于临床环境中的测试和实施挑战，实现这一目标仍然很复杂。在这里，我们使用体外猪主动脉模型评估了血液兼容非系留磁性机器人的操作效果。结果表明，随着动脉血流量的增加，非系留磁性机器人的游动速度呈线性下降，能够在最大动脉血流量为 67 毫升/分钟的情况下航行。无系绳磁性机器人有效地展示了在难以进入的目标部位的运动能力，可穿过腹主动脉并到达肾动脉远端。Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg 及其同事报告了一个 X 射线引导平台，用于无线远程操作血液兼容的无系磁性机器人。这种方法将使临床医生能够到达并治疗体内的血管疾病，而替代的系绳柔性外科器械提供的控制能力较为有限。
{"title":"Ex vivo validation of magnetically actuated intravascular untethered robots in a clinical setting","authors":"Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg, Nicole C. A. Rabou, Constantinos Goulas, Wytze C. Duinmeijer, Frank R. Halfwerk, Jutta Arens, Roger Lomme, Veronika Magdanz, Anke Klingner, Emily A. M. Klein Rot, Colin H. E. Nijland, Dorothee Wasserberg, H. Remco Liefers, Pascal Jonkheijm, Arturo Susarrey-Arce, Michiel Warlé, Islam S. M. Khalil","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00215-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00215-2","url":null,"abstract":"Intravascular surgical instruments require precise navigation within narrow vessels, necessitating maximum flexibility, minimal diameter, and high degrees of freedom. Existing tools often lack control during insertion due to undesirable bending, limiting vessel accessibility and risking tissue damage. Next-generation instruments aim to develop hemocompatible untethered devices controlled by external magnetic forces. Achieving this goal remains complex due to testing and implementation challenges in clinical environments. Here we assess the operational effectiveness of hemocompatible untethered magnetic robots using an ex vivo porcine aorta model. The results demonstrate a linear decrease in the swimming speed of untethered magnetic robots as arterial blood flow increases, with the capability to navigate against a maximum arterial flow rate of 67 mL/min. The untethered magnetic robots effectively demonstrate locomotion in a difficult-to-access target site, navigating through the abdominal aorta and reaching the distal end of the renal artery. Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg and colleagues report an X-ray guided platform for the wireless teleoperation of hemocompatible, untethered magnetic robots. The approach will enable clinicians to reach and treat vascular diseases within the body where alternative tethered flexible surgical instruments offer more limited control.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00215-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140953243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00207-2
Daniel Perez Lopez is Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at iPronics, a company dedicated to the development and commercialization of integrated programmable photonic circuits. His company focuses both on hardware advances for novel circuit and component architectures as well as software advances leading to the creation of fault-tolerant automated routines enabling advanced optical networking and processing, specially for AI infrastructure and intra-datacenter communications. As a young entrepreneur, Daniel shares with us his experiences and insights of the academia-industry transition and building a spin-out company from his university research.
Daniel Perez Lopez 是 iPronics 公司的联合创始人兼首席技术官，该公司致力于集成可编程光子电路的开发和商业化。他的公司既注重新型电路和组件架构的硬件开发，也注重软件开发，以创建容错自动例程，实现先进的光网络和处理，特别是用于人工智能基础设施和数据中心内部通信。作为一名年轻的创业者，丹尼尔与我们分享了他在学术界向产业界转型以及从大学研究中分拆公司的经验和见解。
{"title":"Industry-academia interface: building a spin-out","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00207-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00207-2","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Perez Lopez is Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at iPronics, a company dedicated to the development and commercialization of integrated programmable photonic circuits. His company focuses both on hardware advances for novel circuit and component architectures as well as software advances leading to the creation of fault-tolerant automated routines enabling advanced optical networking and processing, specially for AI infrastructure and intra-datacenter communications. As a young entrepreneur, Daniel shares with us his experiences and insights of the academia-industry transition and building a spin-out company from his university research.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00207-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00211-6
Yibo Dong, Dajun Lin, Long Chen, Baoli Li, Xi Chen, Qiming Zhang, Haitao Luan, Xinyuan Fang, Min Gu
Artificial intelligence applications in extreme environments place high demands on hardware robustness, power consumption, and speed. Recently, diffractive neural networks have demonstrated superb advantages in high-throughput light-speed reasoning. However, the robustness and lifetime of existing diffractive neural networks cannot be guaranteed, severely limiting their compactness and long-term inference accuracy. Here, we have developed a millimeter-scale and robust bilayer-integrated diffractive neural network chip with virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The two diffractive layers with binary phase modulation were engraved on both sides of a quartz wafer. Optical inference of handwritten digital recognition was demonstrated. The results showed that the chip achieved 82% recognition accuracy for ten types of digits. Moreover, the chip demonstrated high-performance stability at high temperatures. The room-temperature lifetime was estimated to be 1.84×1023 trillion years. Our chip satisfies the requirements for diffractive neural network hardware with high robustness, making it suitable for use in extreme environments. Yibo Dong et al. implement a compact and robust diffractive neural network chip with a virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The chip demonstrates high accuracy and high stability even after high temperature aging, aiming at applications in extreme environments.
{"title":"Compact eternal diffractive neural network chip for extreme environments","authors":"Yibo Dong, Dajun Lin, Long Chen, Baoli Li, Xi Chen, Qiming Zhang, Haitao Luan, Xinyuan Fang, Min Gu","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00211-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00211-6","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence applications in extreme environments place high demands on hardware robustness, power consumption, and speed. Recently, diffractive neural networks have demonstrated superb advantages in high-throughput light-speed reasoning. However, the robustness and lifetime of existing diffractive neural networks cannot be guaranteed, severely limiting their compactness and long-term inference accuracy. Here, we have developed a millimeter-scale and robust bilayer-integrated diffractive neural network chip with virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The two diffractive layers with binary phase modulation were engraved on both sides of a quartz wafer. Optical inference of handwritten digital recognition was demonstrated. The results showed that the chip achieved 82% recognition accuracy for ten types of digits. Moreover, the chip demonstrated high-performance stability at high temperatures. The room-temperature lifetime was estimated to be 1.84×1023 trillion years. Our chip satisfies the requirements for diffractive neural network hardware with high robustness, making it suitable for use in extreme environments. Yibo Dong et al. implement a compact and robust diffractive neural network chip with a virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The chip demonstrates high accuracy and high stability even after high temperature aging, aiming at applications in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00211-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140819063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00212-5
Aasish Boora, Bharatha Kumar Thangarasu, Kiat Seng Yeo
Despite the enormous potential of energy-efficient receivers for wireless sensor networks, the large power consumption or limited data rate support impedes its extensive applications. Here, we present an energy-efficient, ultra-low power, higher data rate supporting, completely on-chip radio-frequency receiver frontend for on-off keying modulated signals in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. This compact-sized receiver is achieved by implementing temperature-resilient oscillator, pseudo-differential mixer, and a wideband detector while avoiding bulky external components such as bulk-acoustic wave resonators, crystal oscillators. Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed on-off keying receiver can decode low power level radio-frequency signals up to 5 Mbps data rate while consuming only 178 µW power. This work also demonstrates support for lower data rates at reduced power. Since the proposed receiver operates in different power modes, it can be integrated in diverse applications including internet-of-things devices and continuously monitoring biomedical/wearable implants. Aasish Boora and colleagues implement low-power on-chip radio frequency receiver for high data rate Internet of Things applications. Their device can be reconfigurable to adjust power consumption to the data rate aiming at energy-efficient operation.
{"title":"Ultra-low power, high-data rate, fully on-chip radio frequency on-off keying receiver for internet-of-things applications","authors":"Aasish Boora, Bharatha Kumar Thangarasu, Kiat Seng Yeo","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00212-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00212-5","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the enormous potential of energy-efficient receivers for wireless sensor networks, the large power consumption or limited data rate support impedes its extensive applications. Here, we present an energy-efficient, ultra-low power, higher data rate supporting, completely on-chip radio-frequency receiver frontend for on-off keying modulated signals in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. This compact-sized receiver is achieved by implementing temperature-resilient oscillator, pseudo-differential mixer, and a wideband detector while avoiding bulky external components such as bulk-acoustic wave resonators, crystal oscillators. Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed on-off keying receiver can decode low power level radio-frequency signals up to 5 Mbps data rate while consuming only 178 µW power. This work also demonstrates support for lower data rates at reduced power. Since the proposed receiver operates in different power modes, it can be integrated in diverse applications including internet-of-things devices and continuously monitoring biomedical/wearable implants. Aasish Boora and colleagues implement low-power on-chip radio frequency receiver for high data rate Internet of Things applications. Their device can be reconfigurable to adjust power consumption to the data rate aiming at energy-efficient operation.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00212-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140819073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00203-6
Alexander Blömeke, Hendrik Zappen, Florian Ringbeck, Fabian Frie, David Wasylowski, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Active dissipative balancing systems are essential in battery systems, particularly for compensating the leakage current differences in battery cells. This study focuses on using balancing resistors to stimulate battery cells for impedance measurement. The value of impedance spectroscopy for in-depth battery cell diagnostics, such as temperature or aging, is currently being demonstrated and recognized by vehicle manufacturers, chip producers, and academia. Our research systematically explores the feasibility of using existing balancing resistors in battery management systems and identifies potential limitations. Here we propose a formula to minimize hardware requirements through signal processing techniques. A quadrupling of the sampling rate, number of averaging values, or the size of the fast Fourier transform is equivalent, concerning the signal-to-noise ratio, to increasing the analog resolution by one bit or reducing the input filter bandwidth by a quarter. Alexander Blömeke and colleagues investigate the conditions under which the balancing resistors in battery systems can be used for impedance measurements. This helps to improve state estimation and results in safer and more sustainable battery systems.
{"title":"Balancing resistor-based online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in battery systems: opportunities and limitations","authors":"Alexander Blömeke, Hendrik Zappen, Florian Ringbeck, Fabian Frie, David Wasylowski, Dirk Uwe Sauer","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00203-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00203-6","url":null,"abstract":"Active dissipative balancing systems are essential in battery systems, particularly for compensating the leakage current differences in battery cells. This study focuses on using balancing resistors to stimulate battery cells for impedance measurement. The value of impedance spectroscopy for in-depth battery cell diagnostics, such as temperature or aging, is currently being demonstrated and recognized by vehicle manufacturers, chip producers, and academia. Our research systematically explores the feasibility of using existing balancing resistors in battery management systems and identifies potential limitations. Here we propose a formula to minimize hardware requirements through signal processing techniques. A quadrupling of the sampling rate, number of averaging values, or the size of the fast Fourier transform is equivalent, concerning the signal-to-noise ratio, to increasing the analog resolution by one bit or reducing the input filter bandwidth by a quarter. Alexander Blömeke and colleagues investigate the conditions under which the balancing resistors in battery systems can be used for impedance measurements. This helps to improve state estimation and results in safer and more sustainable battery systems.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00203-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140550257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00208-1
Florian Thieben, Fynn Foerger, Fabian Mohn, Niklas Hackelberg, Marija Boberg, Jan-Philipp Scheel, Martin Möddel, Matthias Graeser, Tobias Knopp
{"title":"Author Correction: System characterization of a human-sized 3D real-time magnetic particle imaging scanner for cerebral applications","authors":"Florian Thieben, Fynn Foerger, Fabian Mohn, Niklas Hackelberg, Marija Boberg, Jan-Philipp Scheel, Martin Möddel, Matthias Graeser, Tobias Knopp","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00208-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00208-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00208-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140550236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00204-5
Tim Sonnemann, Jan Dettmer, Charles W. Holland, Stan E. Dosso
Knowledge of sub-seabed geoacoustic properties, for example depth dependent sound speed and porosity, is of importance for a variety of applications. Here, we present a semi-automated geoacoustic inversion method for autonomous underwater vehicle data that objectively adapts model inference to seabed structure. Through parallelized trans-dimensional Bayesian inference, we infer seabed properties along a 12 km survey track on the scale of about 10 cm and 50 m in the vertical and horizontal, respectively. The inferred seabed properties include sound speed, attenuation, density, and porosity as a function of depth from acoustic reflection coefficient data. Parameter uncertainties are quantified, and the seabed properties agree closely with core samples at two control points and the layering structure with an independent sub-bottom seismic survey. Recovering high resolution seabed properties over large areas is shown to be feasible, which could become an important tool for marine industries, navies and oceanic research organizations. Sonnemann and colleagues use Bayesian inference to obtain seabed geoacoustic properties. Their method allows resolving up to 10 cm thin sediment layers over wide areas.
{"title":"Meso-scale seabed quantification with geoacoustic inversion","authors":"Tim Sonnemann, Jan Dettmer, Charles W. Holland, Stan E. Dosso","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00204-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00204-5","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of sub-seabed geoacoustic properties, for example depth dependent sound speed and porosity, is of importance for a variety of applications. Here, we present a semi-automated geoacoustic inversion method for autonomous underwater vehicle data that objectively adapts model inference to seabed structure. Through parallelized trans-dimensional Bayesian inference, we infer seabed properties along a 12 km survey track on the scale of about 10 cm and 50 m in the vertical and horizontal, respectively. The inferred seabed properties include sound speed, attenuation, density, and porosity as a function of depth from acoustic reflection coefficient data. Parameter uncertainties are quantified, and the seabed properties agree closely with core samples at two control points and the layering structure with an independent sub-bottom seismic survey. Recovering high resolution seabed properties over large areas is shown to be feasible, which could become an important tool for marine industries, navies and oceanic research organizations. Sonnemann and colleagues use Bayesian inference to obtain seabed geoacoustic properties. Their method allows resolving up to 10 cm thin sediment layers over wide areas.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00204-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00205-4
Md Nasful Huda Prince, Benjamin Garcia, Cory Henn, Yating Yi, Etsuo A. Susaki, Yuki Watakabe, Tomomi Nemoto, Keith A. Lidke, Hu Zhao, Irene Salinas Remiro, Sheng Liu, Tonmoy Chakraborty
Axially swept light-sheet microscope in conjunction with tissue clearing enables three-dimensional morphological investigation of millimeter-scaled tissues at isotropic sub-micron resolution. However, these microscopes suffer from low detection signal and slow imaging speed. Here we report a simple and efficient imaging platform that employs precise control of two fixed distant light-sheet foci for axial sweeping. This enables full field of view imaging at 40 frames per second, a four-fold improvement over the current state-of-the-art. In addition, in a particular frame rate, our method doubles the signal compared to the existing techniques. To augment the overall imaging performance, we also developed a deep learning based tissue information classifier that enables faster determination of tissue boundary. We demonstrated the performance of our imaging platform on various cleared tissue samples and delineated its robustness over a wide range of clearing protocols. Md Nasful Huda Prince and colleagues propose a tissue imaging system with isotropic sub-micron resolution. The method intelligently delineates tissue borders and captures images faster and with enhanced signal quality.
轴向扫描光片显微镜与组织清除技术相结合，能够以各向同性的亚微米分辨率对毫米级组织进行三维形态学研究。然而，这些显微镜存在检测信号低和成像速度慢的问题。在此，我们报告了一种简单而高效的成像平台，它采用精确控制两个固定的远距离光片焦点来进行轴向扫描。这样就能以每秒 40 帧的速度进行全视场成像，比目前最先进的技术提高了四倍。此外，与现有技术相比，我们的方法在特定帧频下可将信号增加一倍。为了提高整体成像性能，我们还开发了基于深度学习的组织信息分类器，能够更快地确定组织边界。我们在各种清除过的组织样本上演示了我们的成像平台的性能，并描述了它在各种清除协议中的稳健性。Md Nasful Huda Prince 及其同事提出了一种具有各向同性亚微米分辨率的组织成像系统。该方法能智能地划定组织边界，捕捉图像的速度更快，信号质量更高。
{"title":"Signal improved ultra-fast light-sheet microscope for large tissue imaging","authors":"Md Nasful Huda Prince, Benjamin Garcia, Cory Henn, Yating Yi, Etsuo A. Susaki, Yuki Watakabe, Tomomi Nemoto, Keith A. Lidke, Hu Zhao, Irene Salinas Remiro, Sheng Liu, Tonmoy Chakraborty","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00205-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00205-4","url":null,"abstract":"Axially swept light-sheet microscope in conjunction with tissue clearing enables three-dimensional morphological investigation of millimeter-scaled tissues at isotropic sub-micron resolution. However, these microscopes suffer from low detection signal and slow imaging speed. Here we report a simple and efficient imaging platform that employs precise control of two fixed distant light-sheet foci for axial sweeping. This enables full field of view imaging at 40 frames per second, a four-fold improvement over the current state-of-the-art. In addition, in a particular frame rate, our method doubles the signal compared to the existing techniques. To augment the overall imaging performance, we also developed a deep learning based tissue information classifier that enables faster determination of tissue boundary. We demonstrated the performance of our imaging platform on various cleared tissue samples and delineated its robustness over a wide range of clearing protocols. Md Nasful Huda Prince and colleagues propose a tissue imaging system with isotropic sub-micron resolution. The method intelligently delineates tissue borders and captures images faster and with enhanced signal quality.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00205-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00206-3
Hichem Guerboukha, Bin Zhao, Zhaoji Fang, Edward Knightly, Daniel M. Mittleman
A key challenge in millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless networks is blockage of the line-of-sight path between a base station and a user. User and environmental mobility can lead to blockage of highly directional beams by intervening people or objects, yielding link disruptions and poor quality of service. Here, we propose a solution to this problem which leverages the fact that, in such scenarios, users are likely to be located within the electromagnetic near field of the base station, which opens the possibility to engineer wave fronts for link maintenance. We show that curved beams, carrying data at high bit rates, can realize a link by curving around an intervening obstacle. We develop a model to analyze and experimentally evaluate the bandwidth limitations imposed by the use of self accelerating beams. We also demonstrate that such links employ the full aperture of the transmitter, even those portions which have no direct line of sight to the receiver, emphasizing that ray optics fails to capture the behavior of these near-field wave fronts. This approach, which is ideally suited for use at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies, opens vast new possibilities for wave front management in directional wireless networks. Hichem Guerboukha and colleagues present a reliable high-data-rate THz communications system when the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver is blocked. They design the near-field wavefront to generate a curved trajectory.
{"title":"Curving THz wireless data links around obstacles","authors":"Hichem Guerboukha, Bin Zhao, Zhaoji Fang, Edward Knightly, Daniel M. Mittleman","doi":"10.1038/s44172-024-00206-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44172-024-00206-3","url":null,"abstract":"A key challenge in millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless networks is blockage of the line-of-sight path between a base station and a user. User and environmental mobility can lead to blockage of highly directional beams by intervening people or objects, yielding link disruptions and poor quality of service. Here, we propose a solution to this problem which leverages the fact that, in such scenarios, users are likely to be located within the electromagnetic near field of the base station, which opens the possibility to engineer wave fronts for link maintenance. We show that curved beams, carrying data at high bit rates, can realize a link by curving around an intervening obstacle. We develop a model to analyze and experimentally evaluate the bandwidth limitations imposed by the use of self accelerating beams. We also demonstrate that such links employ the full aperture of the transmitter, even those portions which have no direct line of sight to the receiver, emphasizing that ray optics fails to capture the behavior of these near-field wave fronts. This approach, which is ideally suited for use at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies, opens vast new possibilities for wave front management in directional wireless networks. Hichem Guerboukha and colleagues present a reliable high-data-rate THz communications system when the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver is blocked. They design the near-field wavefront to generate a curved trajectory.","PeriodicalId":72644,"journal":{"name":"Communications engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-024-00206-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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