Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110010
Jiawen Li , Junjie Gu , Yuhuan Yang, Qingwen Zhou, Changqing Ye
This study reports the development of a magnetic aluminum-iron bimetallic biochar (PPB-Al-500Fe) derived from pomelo peel waste via a two-step solvothermal-pyrolysis strategy for sustainable fluoride removal. The composite achieved an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 37.84 mg·g−1 at neutral pH and exhibited rapid magnetic recovery (97.45 % within 30 s) with a saturation magnetization of 14.57 emu·g−1. It maintained over 80 % removal efficiency across a broad pH range (3−9) and after two regeneration cycles, indicating good operational stability. Mechanistic analyses confirmed a synergistic adsorption process dominated by electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and coordination complexation at Al-Fe active sites. Compared with previously reported Al/Fe3O4/CMRB (36.56 mg·g−1), PPB-Al-500Fe exhibited a slightly higher capacity with improved pH adaptability and magnetic separability, demonstrating its engineering advantages rather than a record-breaking performance. This work provides a sustainable route for transforming agricultural residues into efficient, magnetically recoverable adsorbents, contributing to the circular economy and clean water technologies.
{"title":"Sustainable fluoride removal from water using magnetic Al-Fe biochar derived from pomelo peel via solvothermal-pyrolysis","authors":"Jiawen Li , Junjie Gu , Yuhuan Yang, Qingwen Zhou, Changqing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the development of a magnetic aluminum-iron bimetallic biochar (PPB-Al-500Fe) derived from pomelo peel waste via a two-step solvothermal-pyrolysis strategy for sustainable fluoride removal. The composite achieved an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 37.84 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> at neutral pH and exhibited rapid magnetic recovery (97.45 % within 30 s) with a saturation magnetization of 14.57 emu·g<sup>−1</sup>. It maintained over 80 % removal efficiency across a broad pH range (3−9) and after two regeneration cycles, indicating good operational stability. Mechanistic analyses confirmed a synergistic adsorption process dominated by electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and coordination complexation at Al-Fe active sites. Compared with previously reported Al/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CMRB (36.56 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>), PPB-Al-500Fe exhibited a slightly higher capacity with improved pH adaptability and magnetic separability, demonstrating its engineering advantages rather than a record-breaking performance. This work provides a sustainable route for transforming agricultural residues into efficient, magnetically recoverable adsorbents, contributing to the circular economy and clean water technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110009
Karla Cruz-Torres, Martín Barragán-Trinidad, Dulce María Arias-Lizárraga
Although often classified as low-volume waste, the accumulation of dog feces in urban environments poses a significant public and environmental health challenge, underscoring the need for effective disposal strategies. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology for waste treatment and energy recovery and has been previously applied to canine feces. To enhance energy yields, this study explores the potential of integrating acid hydrolysis and a coupled acidogenic fermentation–anaerobic digestion (AF–AD) system. The central hypothesis is that dog feces, when processed through one- or two-stage AD systems, with or without acid pretreatment, can serve as a viable substrate for decentralized bioenergy production, yielding competitive volumes of biogas under economically feasible conditions. To test this, the study evaluated the technical and economic performance of single- and dual-stage AD configurations using wet dog feces. Results indicate that single-stage AD using untreated wet feces offers the most favorable balance between energy recovery and economic viability. However, low biogas yields may be linked to insufficient inoculum acclimatization, suggesting that process stability and microbial adaptation require further investigation. For a more robust assessment, future studies should incorporate life cycle analysis to quantify environmental impacts and explore the use of advanced tools, such as artificial intelligence and metaverse-based simulation platforms, to enhance process modeling and decision-making through more dynamic and accurate representations.
{"title":"Dual biofuel recovery from low-volume organic waste: A two-stage strategy for biohydrogen and methane production using dog feces hydrolysates","authors":"Karla Cruz-Torres, Martín Barragán-Trinidad, Dulce María Arias-Lizárraga","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although often classified as low-volume waste, the accumulation of dog feces in urban environments poses a significant public and environmental health challenge, underscoring the need for effective disposal strategies. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology for waste treatment and energy recovery and has been previously applied to canine feces. To enhance energy yields, this study explores the potential of integrating acid hydrolysis and a coupled acidogenic fermentation–anaerobic digestion (AF–AD) system. The central hypothesis is that dog feces, when processed through one- or two-stage AD systems, with or without acid pretreatment, can serve as a viable substrate for decentralized bioenergy production, yielding competitive volumes of biogas under economically feasible conditions. To test this, the study evaluated the technical and economic performance of single- and dual-stage AD configurations using wet dog feces. Results indicate that single-stage AD using untreated wet feces offers the most favorable balance between energy recovery and economic viability. However, low biogas yields may be linked to insufficient inoculum acclimatization, suggesting that process stability and microbial adaptation require further investigation. For a more robust assessment, future studies should incorporate life cycle analysis to quantify environmental impacts and explore the use of advanced tools, such as artificial intelligence and metaverse-based simulation platforms, to enhance process modeling and decision-making through more dynamic and accurate representations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The food chain and agricultural ecosystems are seriously threatened by heavy metal contamination, especially that of cadmium (Cd). This study investigated the bioremediation capability of a Bacillus flexus M2 (MT459138), a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium capable of tolerating Cd concentrations up to 1000 µM and withstanding high pH (up to 9.0), high temperatures (up to 45°C), and salt stress (up to 5 % NaCl). Various instrumentation analyses demonstrated that the strain M2 effectively immobilizes the Cd through biosorption and bioaccumulation ability. B. flexus M2 exhibited notable plant growth-promoting traits under Cd stress, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, extracellular polymeric substances, and siderophore, and phosphate solubilization. Pot experiments with Brassica juncea revealed significant improvements in root (69 %) and shoot (52 %) length, chlorophyll content (59 %), and carotenoid levels (50 %) under Cd stress following B. flexus M2 inoculation. Furthermore, the strain mitigated Cd-induced stress markers, such as proline, hydrogen peroxide, phenolics, and malondialdehyde, while enhancing enzymatic antioxidant activity and reducing Cd bioaccumulation in plant tissues. This study highlights the multi-stress tolerance and exceptional Cd bioremediation capabilities of B. flexus M2, offering a sustainable solution for Cd contaminated agricultural soils while promoting plant growth and environmental health.
{"title":"Biomining cadmium-tolerant potential of Bacillus flexus M2: A multi-stress-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria’s influence on cadmium bioremediation","authors":"Manoj Srinivas Ravi , Dineshkumar Chandran , Krishnaveni Anbalagan , Indra Arulselvi Padikasan","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The food chain and agricultural ecosystems are seriously threatened by heavy metal contamination, especially that of cadmium (Cd). This study investigated the bioremediation capability of a <em>Bacillus flexus</em> M2 (MT459138), a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium capable of tolerating Cd concentrations up to 1000 µM and withstanding high pH (up to 9.0), high temperatures (up to 45°C), and salt stress (up to 5 % NaCl). Various instrumentation analyses demonstrated that the strain M2 effectively immobilizes the Cd through biosorption and bioaccumulation ability. <em>B. flexus</em> M2 exhibited notable plant growth-promoting traits under Cd stress, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, extracellular polymeric substances, and siderophore, and phosphate solubilization. Pot experiments with <em>Brassica juncea</em> revealed significant improvements in root (69 %) and shoot (52 %) length, chlorophyll content (59 %), and carotenoid levels (50 %) under Cd stress following <em>B. flexus</em> M2 inoculation. Furthermore, the strain mitigated Cd-induced stress markers, such as proline, hydrogen peroxide, phenolics, and malondialdehyde, while enhancing enzymatic antioxidant activity and reducing Cd bioaccumulation in plant tissues. This study highlights the multi-stress tolerance and exceptional Cd bioremediation capabilities of <em>B. flexus</em> M2, offering a sustainable solution for Cd contaminated agricultural soils while promoting plant growth and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110006
Tianpeng Ma , Pan Feng , Yang Xu , Xuan Guo , Meng Wang , Fenghui Ye , Yunming Fang
Microbial cell factories have emerged as green and sustainable alternatives to chemical synthesis of β-farnesene, while facing the challenge of the lack of efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) and rapid detection methods for strain development and bioprocess optimization. For the first time, an integrated fluorescence-based rapid detection platform was established, streamlining the entire biosynthesis process development for β-farnesene—from HTS of ultraviolet mutagenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants to rapid product monitoring during scale-up 5/30 L fermentations. A bioorthogonal turn on fluorescent probe, N-methyl-4-nitrosophthalimide (4-NP), was employed, undergoing a Diels-Alder reaction with β-farnesene to activate fluorescence, with the activation mechanism elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This integrated platform has shown promising feasibility, efficiency and accuracy in practical β-farnesene quantification, demonstrating a strong linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and β-farnesene titer and yielding a 128-fold improvement in screening and quantification efficiency. It not only accelerates the development of efficient β-farnesene producers but also provides a generalizable framework for the rapid screening of other industrially relevant sesquiterpenes.
{"title":"Screening of high-yielding β-farnesene Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and quantification of fermentation processes: A new fluorescence-based high-throughput screening and quantification platform","authors":"Tianpeng Ma , Pan Feng , Yang Xu , Xuan Guo , Meng Wang , Fenghui Ye , Yunming Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial cell factories have emerged as green and sustainable alternatives to chemical synthesis of β-farnesene, while facing the challenge of the lack of efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) and rapid detection methods for strain development and bioprocess optimization. For the first time, an integrated fluorescence-based rapid detection platform was established, streamlining the entire biosynthesis process development for β-farnesene—from HTS of ultraviolet mutagenized <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> mutants to rapid product monitoring during scale-up 5/30 L fermentations. A bioorthogonal turn on fluorescent probe, N-methyl-4-nitrosophthalimide (4-NP), was employed, undergoing a Diels-Alder reaction with β-farnesene to activate fluorescence, with the activation mechanism elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This integrated platform has shown promising feasibility, efficiency and accuracy in practical β-farnesene quantification, demonstrating a strong linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and β-farnesene titer and yielding a 128-fold improvement in screening and quantification efficiency. It not only accelerates the development of efficient β-farnesene producers but also provides a generalizable framework for the rapid screening of other industrially relevant sesquiterpenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethanol-packed membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was applied for denitrification in a closed aquarium system (214,000 L total seawater volume) at Tokyo Sea Life Park. The MBfR consisted of double-layered square bag modules (700 mm × 650 mm); the inner bag supplied ethanol, and the outer bag supported denitrifying biofilm formation. These modules were installed in underutilized filter tanks without major structural modifications. After 28 days of acclimation, the MBfR-equipped tanks were integrated into the publicly operated aquarium and continuously operated under aerobic conditions over 21 months without operational issues. The MBfR effectively prevented nitrate accumulation, maintaining nitrate concentration below 20 mg-N/L in the recirculating seawater. The MBfR achieved an average areal denitrification rate of 0.49 g-N/m²/day and a volumetric rate of 20 g-N/m³ /day, with an average COD/N ratio: 15.2. Consequently, the average monthly volume of fresh seawater required for replacement and maintenance decreased from 320,500 L to 75,979 L (a 77.3 % reduction), despite a 1.7-fold increase in nitrogen load from feeding. Dissolved oxygen levels in the denitrifying tanks were maintained above 5.5 mg/L through aeration. The effluent water quality from the MBfR tanks was comparable to that of the fish tank, except for nitrate concentration, allowing direct return without additional treatment. This study demonstrates MBfR’s long-term stability and provides a practical solution for denitrification in large-scale closed seawater systems.
{"title":"Denitrification using ethanol-packed membrane biofilm reactor aerobically operated in a large-scale seawater aquarium system at Tokyo Sea Life Park","authors":"Hiroaki Uemoto , Chikane Okamoto , Hidenori Satou , Tomohiro Okamoto , Hiroshi Nakamura , Takashi Kifune , Ryousuke Komi","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ethanol-packed membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was applied for denitrification in a closed aquarium system (214,000 L total seawater volume) at Tokyo Sea Life Park. The MBfR consisted of double-layered square bag modules (700 mm × 650 mm); the inner bag supplied ethanol, and the outer bag supported denitrifying biofilm formation. These modules were installed in underutilized filter tanks without major structural modifications. After 28 days of acclimation, the MBfR-equipped tanks were integrated into the publicly operated aquarium and continuously operated under aerobic conditions over 21 months without operational issues. The MBfR effectively prevented nitrate accumulation, maintaining nitrate concentration below 20 mg-N/L in the recirculating seawater. The MBfR achieved an average areal denitrification rate of 0.49 g-N/m²/day and a volumetric rate of 20 g-N/m³ /day, with an average COD/N ratio: 15.2. Consequently, the average monthly volume of fresh seawater required for replacement and maintenance decreased from 320,500 L to 75,979 L (a 77.3 % reduction), despite a 1.7-fold increase in nitrogen load from feeding. Dissolved oxygen levels in the denitrifying tanks were maintained above 5.5 mg/L through aeration. The effluent water quality from the MBfR tanks was comparable to that of the fish tank, except for nitrate concentration, allowing direct return without additional treatment. This study demonstrates MBfR’s long-term stability and provides a practical solution for denitrification in large-scale closed seawater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.109994
Budi Mandra Harahap , Birgitte K. Ahring
In chain elongation (CE) to produce medium chain carboxylic acid (MCCA), key parameters such as short chain carboxylic acid (SCCA) composition, ethanol concentration, nutrient supplementation, pH, and the presence of undesired microorganisms plays a critical role in determining both process performance and cost. This study aims to evaluate the effect of these key parameters on MCCA production by Clostridium kluyveri during CE with SCCAs as electron acceptors (EA) and ethanol as electron donor (ED). The economic assessment focused on the cost per kg of MCCA and the partial profit. Results demonstrated that sterilization and supplementation of the growth medium with nutrients in the form of corn steep liquor (CSL) significantly increased caproic and valeric acid production from 5.0 to 7.1 g/L and from 3.5 to 4.8 g/L, respectively. Economic calculations show that using sterile arrested anaerobic digestion (AAD) effluent supplemented with 0.5 g/L CSL at neutral pH (7.0–7.3) with 15 g/L ethanol added improved the economics. In bioreactors, the addition of propionic and butyric acids slightly reduced caproic acid production while increasing total MCCA production and significantly lowering the cost per kg of MCCA. These findings emphasize that controlling substrate composition, sterilization, and pH not only improves CE performance but also plays an essential role in enhancing the scalability and economic feasibility of MCCA production in industrial applications.
{"title":"Chain elongation for production of medium chain carboxylic acids from green waste: Process and economic impacts of substrate composition, sterilization, and pH","authors":"Budi Mandra Harahap , Birgitte K. Ahring","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In chain elongation (CE) to produce medium chain carboxylic acid (MCCA), key parameters such as short chain carboxylic acid (SCCA) composition, ethanol concentration, nutrient supplementation, pH, and the presence of undesired microorganisms plays a critical role in determining both process performance and cost. This study aims to evaluate the effect of these key parameters on MCCA production by <em>Clostridium kluyveri</em> during CE with SCCAs as electron acceptors (EA) and ethanol as electron donor (ED). The economic assessment focused on the cost per kg of MCCA and the partial profit. Results demonstrated that sterilization and supplementation of the growth medium with nutrients in the form of corn steep liquor (CSL) significantly increased caproic and valeric acid production from 5.0 to 7.1 g/L and from 3.5 to 4.8 g/L, respectively. Economic calculations show that using sterile arrested anaerobic digestion (AAD) effluent supplemented with 0.5 g/L CSL at neutral pH (7.0–7.3) with 15 g/L ethanol added improved the economics. In bioreactors, the addition of propionic and butyric acids slightly reduced caproic acid production while increasing total MCCA production and significantly lowering the cost per kg of MCCA. These findings emphasize that controlling substrate composition, sterilization, and pH not only improves CE performance but also plays an essential role in enhancing the scalability and economic feasibility of MCCA production in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110005
Nadeem A. Khan , Duduku Saidulu , Majed Alsubih , Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado , Marcelinus Christwardana , José Trinidad López-Maldonado , Simranjeet Singh , Praveen C. Ramamurthy , Abhradeep Majumder
Over the years, the inadequate performance of standalone wastewater treatment units under variable hydraulic and organic loading has necessitated the hybridization of technologies. Amongst, augmenting sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and membrane bioreactors has gained significant attention, but issues such as membrane fouling, biomass loss, and poor effluent quality persist. In this context, the current study uses Chlorella vulgaris coated on ZIF-67/PVA nanofibers cellulose membrane for a microalgae-based membrane bioreactor (MMBR) following an SBR to treat real wastewater treatment. The system performance was monitored at varying operating conditions, involving varying influent concentrations and operating parameters. The study was carried out over 68 days in 6 different modes of operation. The SBR-MBR system could provide more than 97 %, 99 %, and 98 % removal for ammonia, phosphate, and COD, respectively, at an SBR cycle time of 6 h and an aeration rate of 0.75 L/h. The experimental results were modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) to understand the interactive effects of different operating parameters and wastewater characteristics on overall contaminant removal efficiency and membrane fouling. The ANN model achieved an overall R value of 0.94, and sensitivity analysis indicated that wastewater parameters played a crucial role in the system performance. The findings of the study demonstrate the feasibility of integrating biological pretreatment with membrane-assisted algal polishing for enhanced wastewater reclamation.
{"title":"Application of hybrid SBR-microalgae-based-MBR for real wastewater treatment: Insights into role of operational parameters on system performance","authors":"Nadeem A. Khan , Duduku Saidulu , Majed Alsubih , Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado , Marcelinus Christwardana , José Trinidad López-Maldonado , Simranjeet Singh , Praveen C. Ramamurthy , Abhradeep Majumder","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the years, the inadequate performance of standalone wastewater treatment units under variable hydraulic and organic loading has necessitated the hybridization of technologies. Amongst, augmenting sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and membrane bioreactors has gained significant attention, but issues such as membrane fouling, biomass loss, and poor effluent quality persist. In this context, the current study uses Chlorella vulgaris coated on ZIF-67/PVA nanofibers cellulose membrane for a microalgae-based membrane bioreactor (MMBR) following an SBR to treat real wastewater treatment. The system performance was monitored at varying operating conditions, involving varying influent concentrations and operating parameters. The study was carried out over 68 days in 6 different modes of operation. The SBR-MBR system could provide more than 97 %, 99 %, and 98 % removal for ammonia, phosphate, and COD, respectively, at an SBR cycle time of 6 h and an aeration rate of 0.75 L/h. The experimental results were modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) to understand the interactive effects of different operating parameters and wastewater characteristics on overall contaminant removal efficiency and membrane fouling. The ANN model achieved an overall R value of 0.94, and sensitivity analysis indicated that wastewater parameters played a crucial role in the system performance. The findings of the study demonstrate the feasibility of integrating biological pretreatment with membrane-assisted algal polishing for enhanced wastewater reclamation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.109996
Irfanul Haq Faridi , Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair , Md Khushdil Alam , Mohammad Shameem , Nafees Ahmad , Hina Younus
Laccases are multi-copper oxidase enzymes that are used significantly in many different biotechnological fields. However, the free enzymes have limited industrial utility because of their low stability. There is a need to develop efficient methods to maintain and enhance enzymatic activity which is a prerequisite for their optimal utilization. In the present study, Trametes versicolor laccase was immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fabricated by using bark extract of Terminalia arjuna. Positively charged cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to immobilize laccase through electrostatic interactions. The immobilized enzyme exhibited good activity [effectiveness factor (η): 0.72], and displayed high thermal and storage stability as compared to the free form of the enzyme. The immobilized laccase exhibited better reusability, maintaining 48 % activity after 12 cycles. 17β-estradiol is an estrogenic pollutant that causes prostate cancer. The immobilized enzyme efficiently degraded 17β-estradiol. MTT assay showed dose dependent cytotoxicity of AuNP-PEI-laccase on prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Therefore, laccase immobilized on green synthesized AuNPs exhibits enhanced stability and in vitro cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells.
{"title":"Polyethyleneimine functionalized green synthesized gold nanoparticles for laccase immobilization: Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol and in vitro cytotoxicity against prostate cancer PC-3 cells","authors":"Irfanul Haq Faridi , Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair , Md Khushdil Alam , Mohammad Shameem , Nafees Ahmad , Hina Younus","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laccases are multi-copper oxidase enzymes that are used significantly in many different biotechnological fields. However, the free enzymes have limited industrial utility because of their low stability. There is a need to develop efficient methods to maintain and enhance enzymatic activity which is a prerequisite for their optimal utilization. In the present study, <em>Trametes versicolor</em> laccase was immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fabricated by using bark extract of <em>Terminalia arjuna.</em> Positively charged cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to immobilize laccase through electrostatic interactions. The immobilized enzyme exhibited good activity [effectiveness factor (η): 0.72], and displayed high thermal and storage stability as compared to the free form of the enzyme. The immobilized laccase exhibited better reusability, maintaining 48 % activity after 12 cycles. 17β<em>-</em>estradiol is an estrogenic pollutant that causes prostate cancer. The immobilized enzyme efficiently degraded 17β<em>-</em>estradiol. MTT assay showed dose dependent cytotoxicity of AuNP-PEI-laccase on prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Therefore, laccase immobilized on green synthesized AuNPs exhibits enhanced stability and <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 109996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110004
Yuanshan Wang , Lang Wang , Liangzhuang Tan , Yihang Wu , Chunyue Weng , Yuke Cen , Zhiqiang Liu , Yuguo Zheng
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a crucial phytohormone involved in plant growth regulation with widespread applications in agriculture and other fields. In this study, GA3 synthesis in an industrial GA3 producer F. fujikuroi strain FF00 was improved with a strategy by reprogramming the regulatory network and overexpressing key genes. Three positive regulators AreA (the nitrogen regulator), Lae1 (the velvet complex component), and Hat1 (the histone modification regulator) were identified by screening regulators affecting GA3 biosynthesis. Mutant FF18–4 with GA3 titer of 2.61 g/L in shake-flask fermentation was constructed by co-overexpressing AreA, Lae1, and Hat1 in strain FF00. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that reprogramming of the regulatory network resulted in the down-regulation of two key genes (Ggs2 and Cps/Ks) in the GA3 biosynthetic pathway which reduced the supply of GA3 precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Ggs2 and Cps/Ks genes were further co-overexpressed to enhance metabolic flux for GA3 biosynthesis. The GA3 titer of the resulting mutant FF19–5 reached 2.73 g/L, which was 49.2 % higher than that of strain FF00. Therefore, the GA3 biosynthesis of strain FF00 was significantly improved by metabolic network reprogramming and metabolic balance. The established strategy provided the basis for GA3 over-producer construction and may be helpful for the synthesis of other chemicals with microbial cell factories.
{"title":"Enhancing gibberellic acid production in Fusarium fujikuroi through regulatory factors optimization and overexpression of key genes","authors":"Yuanshan Wang , Lang Wang , Liangzhuang Tan , Yihang Wu , Chunyue Weng , Yuke Cen , Zhiqiang Liu , Yuguo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) is a crucial phytohormone involved in plant growth regulation with widespread applications in agriculture and other fields. In this study, GA<sub>3</sub> synthesis in an industrial GA<sub>3</sub> producer <em>F. fujikuroi</em> strain FF00 was improved with a strategy by reprogramming the regulatory network and overexpressing key genes. Three positive regulators <em>AreA</em> (the nitrogen regulator), <em>Lae1</em> (the <em>velvet</em> complex component), and <em>Hat1</em> (the histone modification regulator) were identified by screening regulators affecting GA<sub>3</sub> biosynthesis. Mutant FF18–4 with GA<sub>3</sub> titer of 2.61 g/L in shake-flask fermentation was constructed by co-overexpressing <em>AreA</em>, <em>Lae1</em>, and <em>Hat1</em> in strain FF00. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that reprogramming of the regulatory network resulted in the down-regulation of two key genes (<em>Ggs2</em> and <em>Cps/Ks</em>) in the GA<sub>3</sub> biosynthetic pathway which reduced the supply of GA<sub>3</sub> precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. <em>Ggs2</em> and <em>Cps/Ks</em> genes were further co-overexpressed to enhance metabolic flux for GA<sub>3</sub> biosynthesis. The GA<sub>3</sub> titer of the resulting mutant FF19–5 reached 2.73 g/L, which was 49.2 % higher than that of strain FF00. Therefore, the GA<sub>3</sub> biosynthesis of strain FF00 was significantly improved by metabolic network reprogramming and metabolic balance. The established strategy provided the basis for GA<sub>3</sub> over-producer construction and may be helpful for the synthesis of other chemicals with microbial cell factories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.110003
Meijing Liu , Shiye Cai , C. Srinivasakannan , Gang Xue , Li Wang , Yaping Wang , Xinhui Duan
The presence of tetracycline (TC) in aquatic environments poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise for TC removal, their powdery nature limits their application in water treatment. This study developed a hierarchical porous ZIF-67/cellulose aerogel composite (ZIF-67/CA) through crosslinking and in-situ growth. The composite exhibits a high specific surface area of 346 m2/g and large pore volume of 1.13 cm3/g, with its hierarchical pore architecture contributing to a remarkable TC adsorption capacity of 961.54 mg/g and rapid kinetics following the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorbent maintained over 61 % of its initial capacity after five regeneration cycles via H2O2-induced degradation. Combined with comprehensive mechanistic analysis, these findings demonstrate ZIF-67/CA as an efficient and reusable solution for antibiotic-contaminated water treatment.
Synopsis
The ZIF-67/CA composite synthesized via in-situ growth demonstrates efficient adsorption of TC through multiple synergistic adsorption mechanisms.
{"title":"In-situ synthesis of regenerable ZIF-67/cellulose aerogel composites for rapid and high-capacity tetracycline adsorption","authors":"Meijing Liu , Shiye Cai , C. Srinivasakannan , Gang Xue , Li Wang , Yaping Wang , Xinhui Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.110003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of tetracycline (TC) in aquatic environments poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise for TC removal, their powdery nature limits their application in water treatment. This study developed a hierarchical porous ZIF-67/cellulose aerogel composite (ZIF-67/CA) through crosslinking and in-situ growth. The composite exhibits a high specific surface area of 346 m<sup>2</sup>/g and large pore volume of 1.13 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, with its hierarchical pore architecture contributing to a remarkable TC adsorption capacity of 961.54 mg/g and rapid kinetics following the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorbent maintained over 61 % of its initial capacity after five regeneration cycles via H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced degradation. Combined with comprehensive mechanistic analysis, these findings demonstrate ZIF-67/CA as an efficient and reusable solution for antibiotic-contaminated water treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>The ZIF-67/CA composite synthesized via in-situ growth demonstrates efficient adsorption of TC through multiple synergistic adsorption mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 110003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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