Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.013
A. Awasthi, Rajvardhan Sisodia, P. Rishi
During routine dissection of a human cadaver, the costocoracoid ligament was observed as a thick, fibrous band extending from the ventral surface of the costal cartilage of the 1 rib to the coracoid process. It is part of the clavipectoral fascia and lies close to the costoclavicular space of the superior thoracic aperture, consequently affecting structures passing through it like the subclavian vessels and the brachial plexus. Abnormalities in the costocoracoid ligament may therefore result in clinical conditions, surgical complications and/or cosmetic deformities.This is one of the few papers describing the anatomy of the costocoracoid ligament in a cadaver, and aims to provide a better understanding of the topic. A better understanding of the anatomy and practical significance of the costocoracoid ligament could aid in better understanding of the anatomy of the surrounding region and improve the course of healthcare for relevant cases.
{"title":"The costocoracoid ligament: A case report","authors":"A. Awasthi, Rajvardhan Sisodia, P. Rishi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"During routine dissection of a human cadaver, the costocoracoid ligament was observed as a thick, fibrous band extending from the ventral surface of the costal cartilage of the 1 rib to the coracoid process. It is part of the clavipectoral fascia and lies close to the costoclavicular space of the superior thoracic aperture, consequently affecting structures passing through it like the subclavian vessels and the brachial plexus. Abnormalities in the costocoracoid ligament may therefore result in clinical conditions, surgical complications and/or cosmetic deformities.This is one of the few papers describing the anatomy of the costocoracoid ligament in a cadaver, and aims to provide a better understanding of the topic. A better understanding of the anatomy and practical significance of the costocoracoid ligament could aid in better understanding of the anatomy of the surrounding region and improve the course of healthcare for relevant cases.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44084058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.004
S. Jan
The patella is an important bone in the knee joint, and its morphology can vary between different populations. The present study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of dry human patellae from the Kashmiri population to determine their anatomical features and to compare them with Indian and global studies.The study included 40 dry human patellae (20 right and 20 left) from the Kashmiri population. Various parameters such as patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length and width were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The mean values of these parameters, along with their standard deviations, minimum and maximum values were calculated. The t-value and p-value were also calculated to determine the significance of any differences observed between the two sides.The results showed no significant differences between the right and left patellae for most of the parameters analyzed, including patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length. However, there was a significant difference in the medial articular facet width (p=0.136) and lateral articular facet width (p=0.318) between the two sides. The mean values for all parameters were within the range of values reported in previous studies of patellar morphology in different populations.The present study provides important information about the morphometric features of patellae in the Kashmiri population. The findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the morphological features of the patellae between the right and left sides, except for the medial and lateral articular facet widths.
{"title":"Anatomic differences in patellar dimensions: A comparative study of left and right sides","authors":"S. Jan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"The patella is an important bone in the knee joint, and its morphology can vary between different populations. The present study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of dry human patellae from the Kashmiri population to determine their anatomical features and to compare them with Indian and global studies.The study included 40 dry human patellae (20 right and 20 left) from the Kashmiri population. Various parameters such as patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length and width were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The mean values of these parameters, along with their standard deviations, minimum and maximum values were calculated. The t-value and p-value were also calculated to determine the significance of any differences observed between the two sides.The results showed no significant differences between the right and left patellae for most of the parameters analyzed, including patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length. However, there was a significant difference in the medial articular facet width (p=0.136) and lateral articular facet width (p=0.318) between the two sides. The mean values for all parameters were within the range of values reported in previous studies of patellar morphology in different populations.The present study provides important information about the morphometric features of patellae in the Kashmiri population. The findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the morphological features of the patellae between the right and left sides, except for the medial and lateral articular facet widths.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.008
S. Jan
The pterion is an important boane marker due to its frequent proximity to Broca's Area and the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery. The aim of the study was to examine the different types of pterions and gauge the distance between bony landmarks on the skull and the midpoint of the pterion. The study used 30 adult dried human skulls of undetermined age and sex. Bilateral observation of pterion types and locations was made. The fronto-zygomatic suture, the center of the zygomatic arch, the tip of the mastoid process, the glabella, the anterosuperior edge of the external auditory meatus, and the asterion were all measured using a digital Vernier caliper. A total of five varieties of pterions were observed; Spheno-parietal, frontotemporal, stellate, epipteric, and atypical pterion. Bilaterally Sphenoparietal was the most prevalent form of skull among those examined. The mean distances from the midpoint of the pterion to the fronto-zygomatic suture were 30.99±5.48 mm and 30.21±5.72 mm, respectively. The average distances to the middle of the zygomatic arch were 37.77± 3.61 mm and 37.94±3.89 mm, respectively. The average distances to the asterion were 82.54±7.18 mm and 84.43±6.78 mm. The mean distances to the external acoustic meatus were 50.70±3.18 mm and 51.35±3.37 mm; to the glabella, it was 78.01±6.15 mm and 75.66±6.73mm; to the tip of the mastoid process, it was 80.27±6.20 mm on the right side and 78.98±5.45 mm on the left side. The pterion is the most popular surface landmark. Neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists, and forensic pathologists will benefit from the study's findings about the classification of pterion.
{"title":"Pterion topography in dry human skulls: A comprehensive institutional analysis from Kashmir valley, Northern India","authors":"S. Jan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":" The pterion is an important boane marker due to its frequent proximity to Broca's Area and the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery. The aim of the study was to examine the different types of pterions and gauge the distance between bony landmarks on the skull and the midpoint of the pterion. The study used 30 adult dried human skulls of undetermined age and sex. Bilateral observation of pterion types and locations was made. The fronto-zygomatic suture, the center of the zygomatic arch, the tip of the mastoid process, the glabella, the anterosuperior edge of the external auditory meatus, and the asterion were all measured using a digital Vernier caliper. A total of five varieties of pterions were observed; Spheno-parietal, frontotemporal, stellate, epipteric, and atypical pterion. Bilaterally Sphenoparietal was the most prevalent form of skull among those examined. The mean distances from the midpoint of the pterion to the fronto-zygomatic suture were 30.99±5.48 mm and 30.21±5.72 mm, respectively. The average distances to the middle of the zygomatic arch were 37.77± 3.61 mm and 37.94±3.89 mm, respectively. The average distances to the asterion were 82.54±7.18 mm and 84.43±6.78 mm. The mean distances to the external acoustic meatus were 50.70±3.18 mm and 51.35±3.37 mm; to the glabella, it was 78.01±6.15 mm and 75.66±6.73mm; to the tip of the mastoid process, it was 80.27±6.20 mm on the right side and 78.98±5.45 mm on the left side. The pterion is the most popular surface landmark. Neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists, and forensic pathologists will benefit from the study's findings about the classification of pterion.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.002
Suma H Y, Jayasree Srinivasan, Y. Sontakke
Leptin is a polypeptide hormone, mainly secreted by the adipocytes that regulates the energy expenditure of the body. Since its discovery, various researches have been conducted to find out about its role in human body. Leptin receptor (Ob-R) is a membrane spanning receptor with six different isoforms. The long isoform of leptin receptor is the major form found in various tissues of the human body such as brain, lymphocytes, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver and placenta. This article discusses about the structure of leptin receptor, its various locations in the human body, effects due to the deficiency of leptin receptors and its evolving therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Leptin and its receptor – A review","authors":"Suma H Y, Jayasree Srinivasan, Y. Sontakke","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin is a polypeptide hormone, mainly secreted by the adipocytes that regulates the energy expenditure of the body. Since its discovery, various researches have been conducted to find out about its role in human body. Leptin receptor (Ob-R) is a membrane spanning receptor with six different isoforms. The long isoform of leptin receptor is the major form found in various tissues of the human body such as brain, lymphocytes, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver and placenta. This article discusses about the structure of leptin receptor, its various locations in the human body, effects due to the deficiency of leptin receptors and its evolving therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.011
Swetha B, Hema N
Multigravida, 26 years old lady with 21 weeks gestation came with complaint of abdominal pain diagnosed as Omphalocele major with spine deformity. Due to associated anomalies, the pregnancy was terminated with parental consent. On dissection, it was observed that liver and small intestine protruded from right and left side respectively through the defect. Acute angulation of the Spine was observed. There was a privilege of intervention of omphalocele of various clinical presentations. Here is an attempt made to describe in this case which will be helpful to paediatric surgeons for interventions.
{"title":"Omphalocele major with spine deformity, a congenital anomaly","authors":"Swetha B, Hema N","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"Multigravida, 26 years old lady with 21 weeks gestation came with complaint of abdominal pain diagnosed as Omphalocele major with spine deformity. Due to associated anomalies, the pregnancy was terminated with parental consent. On dissection, it was observed that liver and small intestine protruded from right and left side respectively through the defect. Acute angulation of the Spine was observed. There was a privilege of intervention of omphalocele of various clinical presentations. Here is an attempt made to describe in this case which will be helpful to paediatric surgeons for interventions.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45546700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.006
S. Saleem, S. Jan
The human ear is an important organ that serves as a sensory input for sound and balance. Ear morphology can vary greatly between individuals and can be influenced by various factors such as age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate ear dimensions and anthropometry of a sample of Indian college students.A total of 100 Indian college students were included in this cross-sectional study. Ear measurements including total ear height (TEH), ear width (EW), lobule height (LH), and lobule width (LW) were obtained using digital calipers. Lobule index (LI) and ear index (EI) were calculated using the following formula: LI = LH/TEH x 100 and EI = EW/TEH x 100. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests.The mean values for TEH, EW, LH, and LW increased with increasing age for both the right and left ears. Male participants had significantly greater TEH and EW compared to females for both the right and left ears. There were significant differences in lobule height (right ear) and lobule index (right and left ear) between males and females, with males having slightly larger measurements than females.Our study provides valuable information on ear dimensions and anthropometry in a sample of Indian college students. The findings of our study are consistent with previous studies conducted worldwide, as well as in India. Our study highlights the importance of considering gender and age when investigating ear dimensions and anthropometry.
人的耳朵是一个重要的器官，作为声音和平衡的感觉输入。耳朵的形态在个体之间会有很大的差异，并且会受到各种因素的影响，如年龄、性别、遗传和环境因素。本研究旨在调查印度大学生的耳朵尺寸和人体测量样本。本横断面研究共纳入100名印度大学生。耳部测量包括总耳高(TEH)、耳宽(EW)、小叶高度(LH)和小叶宽度(LW)使用数字卡尺。小叶指数(LI)和耳指数(EI)的计算公式如下:LI = LH/TEH × 100, EI = EW/TEH × 100。数据分析采用描述性统计和独立样本t检验。左右耳TEH、EW、LH和LW的平均值均随年龄的增长而增加。男性参与者的左右耳TEH和EW明显高于女性。雌雄小叶高度(右耳)和小叶指数(左右耳)差异有统计学意义，雌雄小叶测量值略大于雌雄。我们的研究为印度大学生的耳朵尺寸和人体测量提供了有价值的信息。我们的研究结果与之前在世界各地以及印度进行的研究一致。我们的研究强调了在调查耳朵尺寸和人体测量时考虑性别和年龄的重要性。
{"title":"Ear morphology and anthropometry: gender and age differences in Indian college students","authors":"S. Saleem, S. Jan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"The human ear is an important organ that serves as a sensory input for sound and balance. Ear morphology can vary greatly between individuals and can be influenced by various factors such as age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate ear dimensions and anthropometry of a sample of Indian college students.A total of 100 Indian college students were included in this cross-sectional study. Ear measurements including total ear height (TEH), ear width (EW), lobule height (LH), and lobule width (LW) were obtained using digital calipers. Lobule index (LI) and ear index (EI) were calculated using the following formula: LI = LH/TEH x 100 and EI = EW/TEH x 100. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests.The mean values for TEH, EW, LH, and LW increased with increasing age for both the right and left ears. Male participants had significantly greater TEH and EW compared to females for both the right and left ears. There were significant differences in lobule height (right ear) and lobule index (right and left ear) between males and females, with males having slightly larger measurements than females.Our study provides valuable information on ear dimensions and anthropometry in a sample of Indian college students. The findings of our study are consistent with previous studies conducted worldwide, as well as in India. Our study highlights the importance of considering gender and age when investigating ear dimensions and anthropometry.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.003
Mehak Mahajan, Youshita Mahajan
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become most common problem worldwide. Yoga provides best means of self-improvement and gaining full potential of one’s body, mind & soul. It has been proved that pranayama and certain Asana’s help in lowering blood glucose, balancing blood pressure and calms nervous system. The asanas improve the sensitivity of β-cells to glucose, improves insulin secretion, and improves glucose uptake. Hence, Yogic asanas are important for preventing and curing many ailments. The effect of yogic practices in diabetics has to be investigated well. To assess the effect of yoga on blood glucose levels and anthropometric parameters before and after doing yoga in T2DMpatients. A total of 100 T2DM diabetic patients in age group 30-60 years were taken. Effect of Yoga on fasting Blood glucose (FBG), Post prandial blood glucose (PPBG), HbA1c levels and serum insulin were assessed. Anthropometric parameters like BMI and waist hip ratio were also assessed. There was significant decrease in FBG, PPBG and HbA1c levels with p value<0.001 after doing yoga. There was also significant improvement in serum insulin levels and decrease in BMI & waist hip ratio. A significant improvement in the blood glucose levels occurred in subjects who practiced Yoga. There was also lowering of the drug requirement.
{"title":"Role of yoga in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Mehak Mahajan, Youshita Mahajan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become most common problem worldwide. Yoga provides best means of self-improvement and gaining full potential of one’s body, mind & soul. It has been proved that pranayama and certain Asana’s help in lowering blood glucose, balancing blood pressure and calms nervous system. The asanas improve the sensitivity of β-cells to glucose, improves insulin secretion, and improves glucose uptake. Hence, Yogic asanas are important for preventing and curing many ailments. The effect of yogic practices in diabetics has to be investigated well. To assess the effect of yoga on blood glucose levels and anthropometric parameters before and after doing yoga in T2DMpatients. A total of 100 T2DM diabetic patients in age group 30-60 years were taken. Effect of Yoga on fasting Blood glucose (FBG), Post prandial blood glucose (PPBG), HbA1c levels and serum insulin were assessed. Anthropometric parameters like BMI and waist hip ratio were also assessed. There was significant decrease in FBG, PPBG and HbA1c levels with p value<0.001 after doing yoga. There was also significant improvement in serum insulin levels and decrease in BMI & waist hip ratio. A significant improvement in the blood glucose levels occurred in subjects who practiced Yoga. There was also lowering of the drug requirement.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MBBS in a multilingual world: An age-old concept with new beginning","authors":"Anubha Sharma, Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Achintya Tyagi, Arnav Mokta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45931827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.007
M. Sinha, S. Sahay
: Menstruation is an important physiological process in females of the reproductive age group. Society needs to be educated by competent person time to time. The study was aimed to determine the knowledge of reproductive tract anatomy and pubertal changes in young adolescent girls and to create awareness about pubertal changes and health and hygiene among adolescent girls.: The questionnaire-based study in which the participants were adolescent girls. After filling in basic socio-demographic information, the first questionnaire (pre-test) was to be filled which assessed their existing knowledge regarding the reproductive tract anatomy and pubertal changes. This was followed by a health education talk using audio-visual aids (PowerPoint presentation). Post-tests were organized to know the response.: From a total of 480 adolescent school girls, more than half of the girls (57.08%) do not know the normal anatomy of the female genital tract. Knowledge of signs of pubertal changes was known by 2.29% which was improved to 80% after the talk ie in the post-test. Mother was the main source of information about the menstrual cycle 76%. Many had poor knowledge of menstrual hygiene.: Awareness programs improve knowledge as well as behaviors. So this program, society needs from time to time. Certain facts each girl in society should know for a better understanding of her health.
{"title":"Health and hygiene in pubertal girls of Chhattisgarh: Knowledge, attitude, and practices","authors":"M. Sinha, S. Sahay","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":": Menstruation is an important physiological process in females of the reproductive age group. Society needs to be educated by competent person time to time. The study was aimed to determine the knowledge of reproductive tract anatomy and pubertal changes in young adolescent girls and to create awareness about pubertal changes and health and hygiene among adolescent girls.: The questionnaire-based study in which the participants were adolescent girls. After filling in basic socio-demographic information, the first questionnaire (pre-test) was to be filled which assessed their existing knowledge regarding the reproductive tract anatomy and pubertal changes. This was followed by a health education talk using audio-visual aids (PowerPoint presentation). Post-tests were organized to know the response.: From a total of 480 adolescent school girls, more than half of the girls (57.08%) do not know the normal anatomy of the female genital tract. Knowledge of signs of pubertal changes was known by 2.29% which was improved to 80% after the talk ie in the post-test. Mother was the main source of information about the menstrual cycle 76%. Many had poor knowledge of menstrual hygiene.: Awareness programs improve knowledge as well as behaviors. So this program, society needs from time to time. Certain facts each girl in society should know for a better understanding of her health.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.005
Raj Narnaware, S. Cuschieri
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically disrupted medical, allied health, and nursing education worldwide. It has created challenges for students and educators by requiring a sudden shift to online teaching and learning activities from didactic, passive teaching and learning. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of these modes of teaching and learning before, during, and after the transition through COVID-19 on the class average and Grade Point Average (GPA) of nursing students taking anatomy and physiology in the first year of nursing. Using the virtual teaching and learning modality, the present study demonstrated that the mean class average of anatomy and physiology midterms and final examinations during COVID-19 (synchronous online teaching) was significantly higher (P<0.001) compared with the pre-COVID-19 (face-to-face (F2F) teaching) class average. However, the class average and GPA were not different between pre-COVID-19 (F2F teaching) and post-COVID-19 (hybrid/flex teaching). Virtual teaching of these subjects also significantly (P<0.001) increased the students’ GPA in anatomy and physiology during COVID-19 compared to before and after the stability of COVID-19. Students’ perspectives on teaching and learning these courses using these teaching modalities indicated that nursing students prefer a synchronous, hybrid mode of learning in anatomy and physiology. The present study demonstrates nursing students’ preference for a synchronous, online and hybrid mode of teaching and learning anatomy and physiology in case of the re-emergence of a new strain of coronavirus after Omicron variant in future lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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