Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"The relation between bimanual coordination, lesion timing, and corticospinal tract wiring pattern in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","authors":"Charlotte Lambrechts, Alexandra Kalkantzi, Lisa Decraene, Lize Kleeren, Monica Crotti, Katrijn Klingels, Els Ortibus, Hilde Feys, Lisa Mailleux","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.138","url":null,"abstract":"In children with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP), it is well-described that the corticospinal tract (CST) wiring pattern and lesion timing are strongly related to unimanual upper limb function.1 Remarkably, the relation between those neurological factors and bimanual coordination is not yet thoroughly examined, while most daily life activities require the integrated use of both hands. Does bimanual coordination differ depending on the CST-wiring pattern and lesion timing in children with uCP? Bimanual coordination was assessed in 29 children with uCP (12.1 y±2.7 y) using the ball-on-bar task on the Kinarm robotic exoskeleton.2 This task consists of two levels of increasing difficulty, during which participants move a ball to a target while balancing it on a bar through two-dimensional virtual reality visual guidance. Eight parameters of each level were included. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, the participants were classified into two groups according to their CST-wring pattern: the contralateral (N=10) versus the reorganized ipsilateral or bilateral (N=3/7) CST-wiring. In 9 children, this assessment was not feasible. Based on magnetic resonance imaging, the participants were classified according to their lesion timing in predominant white matter (PWM) lesions (N=16) versus predominant grey matter (PGM) lesions (N=5). In 8 children, brain imaging was missing. Between-group comparisons were calculated with ANCOVA or the non-parametric Quade’s Rank (p<0.05), with age as covariate. Effect sizes were calculated using partial eta squared (np2) and interpreted as: ηp2=0.01 small effect, ηp2=0.06 medium effect, ηp2=0.14 large effect Between the CST-wiring groups, a significant difference was found for hand speed difference in level 2 (F=4.876, p=0.04, ηp2=0.22), indicating a better hand synchrony in children with a contralateral CST-wiring compared to children with a reorganized CST-wiring. Between the lesion timing groups, a significant difference was found for bar tilt standard deviation (SD) in level 1 (F=7.679, p=0.01, ηp2=0.29), reflecting a more stable maintenance of the bar by the PGM-group compared to the PWM-group. Interestingly, a significant group*age interaction was found for level 2 of this parameter (p=0.03), revealing more variability of the bar tilt in the PGM-group with increasing age, in contrast to the PWM-group, which had less variability (Fig. 1).Download : Download high-res image (49KB)Download : Download full-size image Our findings are partially in line with current literature suggesting that children with a contralateral wiring have a better motor function. However, in contrast to previous studies, our results suggest worse bimanual coordination in children with PWM-lesions, which could be explained by the higher incidence of bilateral lesions in PWM-lesions compared to PGM-lesions.3 Nevertheless, future research with larger samples accounting for age interactions is warranted.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"104-B 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee flexion while walking versus knee contractures in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy","authors":"Cecilia Lidbeck, Bartonek Åsa","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.141","url":null,"abstract":"Flexed knee is a multidimensional kinematic walking pattern in children with bilateral spastic CP that has been described to develop as gait matures, particularly at higher GMFCS levels (1). One cause might be limited knee extension that have been described to lead to significant disability with a flexed knee gait posture during walking (2). The aim of this study was to compare knee position during walking with passive knee extension in an unloaded body position, and with respect to functional mobility during walking. Gait in 30 children with bilateral spastic CP (13 females) median [min, max] age 11.3 [7.6, 17.1] years and 22 typical developing (TD) children (11 females) median [min-max] age 8.9 [6.5-16.9], was assessed with 3D-motion analysis (Vicon MX40®). Joint contractures in ankle, knee and hip, defined from a neutral joint position, were assessed through goniometric measurement of passive hip extension, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion with extended knee in supine position. Orthopaedic lower limb surgeries were documented. Functional mobility was measured with the time up and go test (TUG). Non-parametric statistics were used (p<0.05). Knee contractures were greater at GMFCS III than at GMFCS I and in the TD group (p=0.046 and p= 0.002). During walking, knee angle at initial contact (KneeAngleIC) was greater than peak knee extension in stance (MinKneeFlexSt) in the TD group and at GMFCS I, II, and III (p=0.008, p=0.043, 0.005, and p=0.002) respectively. MinKneeFlexSt exceeded maximum passive knee extension at GMFCS levels II (p=0.004), and III (p=0.002). Both KneeAngleIC and MinKneeFlexSt were greater at GMFCS II and III, than at GMFCS I and the TD group (Fig. 1). TUG took longer for GMFCS II and GMFCS III compared to TD (p<.001 and p<.001) and GMFCS I (p= 0.001 and p<0.001), and longer for GMFCS III compared to GMFCS II (p<0.001). Fig. 1 Light bars represent KneeAngleIC and dark bars MinKneeFlexSt. (+) indicates knee flexion, brackets above the boxes: differences at KneeAngleIC, and below: differences at MinKneeFlexSt.Download : Download high-res image (58KB)Download : Download full-size image This study found that knee flexion in stance was significantly greater than knee contractures at GMFCS levels II and III with no difference in occurrence of orthopaedic surgery. Furthermore, walking ability took longer at GMFCS level III compared to at level II at similar knee flexion contracture. The discrepancy in knee position in weight-bearing versus passive knee extension in the unloaded position at GMFCS II and III, and the large difference in TUG between children at GMFCS level III and those in the other groups, are likely explained by the effort to overcome motor disorders such as spasticity, however, may also be explained by the commonly occurring sensorimotor disorders (4).","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of spine structure, mobility, and competency in dentists with and without low back pain","authors":"Merve Keskin, Mehmet Irfan Karadede, Derya Ozer Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.120","url":null,"abstract":"Dental practices can cause musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction due to cumulative microtrauma and inappropriate working positions (1). The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dentists was declared between 64% and 93% (2). The prevalence of low back pain in dentists was reported as 47.6% as the most common musculoskeletal dysfunction (3,4). Is there a difference in spine structure, mobility, and competency of dentists with low back pain compared to those without low back pain? In the study, 65 dentists with low back pain (40 females, 25 males, age: 25.57±2.83 years, weight: 67.64±13.20 kg, height: 171.72±8.46 cm, BMI, 22.75±3.25 kg/m2) and 57 pain-free matched control group (30 females, 27 males, age: 26.36±3.94 years, weight: 69.05±13.00 kg, height: 170.53±7.78 cm, BMI, 23.64±3.52 kg/m2) were included. Spine structure, mobility, and competency in the sagittal and frontal planes were evaluated with the Valedo®Shape device (Idiag, Fehraltorf, Switzerland). Parameters were obtained in degrees: thoracic, lumbar, sacral/hip angle, and trunk inclination angle (angle between straight line from T1 to S1 and vertical line). After the spinous processes of the spine were marked as reference points, the Valedo®Shape device was moved down by the evaluator over all the spinous processes starting from the C7 spinous process to approximately the S3 spinous process. The response of the spine to loading was evaluated using weight for competency measurement. After measuring before the weight, the participant was asked to wait for 30 seconds with the weights in hand, and the measurement was repeated (6). The normality distributions of the data were determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. In the comparison of the data, the independent sample t-test was used in those with normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for those that were not normally distributed. In patients with low back pain, in the sagittal plane, the inclination angle decreased (p=0.045), there was a shift in the sacral angle with loading (p=0.037). In the sagittal and frontal planes, there was no significant difference in thoracic region angles (p=0.292;0.074) and in the lumbar region angles (p=0.369; p=0.781). In participants with low back pain, the angle of inclination decreased in the sagittal plane and a lateral shift response occurred in the sacrum with loading. It is known that the angles of the lumbopelvic region are directly related to the curvature of the spine and compensatory mechanisms against spinal deformities in the sagittal plane in this region (7). In a previous study, a shift in the inclination angle was reported by dentists with low back pain (8). The changes in the spine in dentists may be seen in the occurrence of low back pain. This should be considered for the assessment and treatment of low back pain.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of a novel assessment protocol for the knee joint velocity proprioceptive sense to investigate motor learning abilities","authors":"Anthi Kellari, Eumorphia Papapostolou, Euaggelia Papadimou, Zacharias Dimitriadis, Eleni Kapreli, George Koumantakis, Nikolaos Strimpakos, Asimakis Kanellopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.118","url":null,"abstract":"Proprioception is a significant factor in balance, coordination, joint stability and movement acuity (1). Among proprioception’s components, joint position sense (JPS) and movement detection have been mostly assessed whereas little is known about the joint velocity proprioceptive sense (2). Finding the joint angular velocity(-ies) that is more comprehensible by the human’s brain, and therefore more accurately reproduced, could be used, among others, in motor learning rehabilitation protocols. To investigate the knee angular velocities envelope inside which the joint can be moved with the most accuracy, depending on the task. 48 subjects (23 men and 25 women) without knee pathology participated in the study (age 21.4 ±3.85). Velocity replication (VR) was assessed in a spectrum of 5 different and randomly chosen low velocities (2°/s, 5°/s, 10°/s, 20°/s and 30°/s) by using concentric quadriceps contraction in an Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex System3 Pro). During the procedure the subjects were blindfolded, and the examiners were blind regarding the results.The passive demonstrations of each joint angular velocity were followed by active velocity replications. The number of passive demonstrations and active replications were adapted for each velocity in such a way, that each subject would stay almost the same amount of time, and therefore having the same effect or effort, in all of them. The knee angular velocities of 2°/s and 5°/s had the bigger mean percentage replication errors (68.2% and 29.0%) but the smallest mean errors in absolute value (1.4°/s for both the velocities). In the velocities of 10°/s, 20°/s and 30°/s the mean percentage replication errors were 26.3%, 26.1% and 29.0% respectively, while the mean errors in absolute value were 2.6°/s, 5.5°/s and 8.6°/s respectively. According to the present research, the knee joint can achieve a maximal precision of 1.4°/s angular velocity error, appear in joint velocities below 5°/s. Rehabilitation protocols require precision should focus is this kinematic envelope as, above this threshold, the angular velocity error increases gradually, as the joint velocity increases. For gross motor activities, where percentage joint angular velocity errors are more meaningful than the absolute error values, the kinematic envelope between 10°/s - 20°/s seem to be the ideal for motor learning tasks. According to our knowledge, this is the first attempt in the literature to investigate the knee angular velocity proprioception, and further investigation is needed on the velocity proprioceptive behavior of other joints, as well as any deviations in pathologies or trauma.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does using the hip joint distance (x-ray) as an input change the kinematic, kinetic output and is this clinically relevant?","authors":"Andreas Kranzl, Groblschegg Leonore, Attwenger Bernhard, Durstberger Sebastian, Koppenwallner Laurin Xaver, Unglaube Fabian","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.130","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of methods for determining the centre of the hip joint (HJ). The most common are regression equations or functional methods. In individual cases, however, we do not know how well the HJ centre is actually determined. Several papers present Harrington's regression formula as the best choice (Harrington et al., 2007; Kainz et al., 2015; Peters et al., 2012). If an image of the pelvis is available, the HJCD can be determined from it, and this can be used to optimise the determination of the joint centre in the regression formula. Does using the hip joint distance (x-ray) as an input change the joint parameters? A retrospective analysis of the gait laboratory database identified patients who had a calibrated radiograph and a 3D gait analysis. The calculated HJCD from the gait data was compared with that from the radiograph. In addition, the ASIS distance was calculated using the hip joint distance from the radiograph, and again the HJ position was determined using the newly obtained ASIS distance in the Harrington formula. The gait data were statistically compared using SPM analysis and the maximum distance between the two methods was determined over all curves. This was compared with the minimal detectable changes (MDC) (Wilken et al., 2012). Data from 349 patients (legs n=698, age: 4-22 years) with anterior knee malalignment without neuromuscular disease were analysed. HJCD correlations between radiographs and 3DGA values were 0.662 (p<0.001) using the Harrington method. The Bland-Altman plots for HJCD showed minimal differences using the Harrington regression formula. However, there were differences of up to 40 mm between the two methods of determining the HJCD. A comparison of the gait results with the two calculated equations shows significant differences (SPM). In most cases the differences between the two methods were negligible, but in some patients (legs) they were above the MDC value.Download : Download high-res image (85KB)Download : Download full-size image On average, the HJ distance from the radiograph and the gait analysis data were in good agreement, but not in every patient (up to 40 mm). The gait curves show significantly different results according to SPM analysis. In most cases the differences are below the MDC, but in individual patients there may well be clinically relevant differences in the results. Therefore, if pelvic imaging is available, we recommend using it to calculate the HJ centre.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backward and forward walking and its association with falls and fear of falling in people with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Heidi Stölzer-Hutsch, Dirk Schriefer, Katrin Trentzsch, Tjalf Ziemssen","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.238","url":null,"abstract":"Common symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are walking limitations that can reduce the quality of life and lead to an increased risk of falling and fear of falling [1,2]. Instrumented gait analysis on a walkway with integrated pressure sensors can be used for assessment of both forward and backward walking. Walking backwards has been established as a more sensitive parameter to detect fallers, compared to walking forwards [3]. It is unknown whether fear of falling can be already detected by walking backwards. For possible interventions, it is important to identify patients with falls resp. fear of falling as early as possible. Is there an association between forward and backward walking and falls resp. fear of falling in pwMS? 705 pwMS (71.6% female, 82.1% with relapsing remitting MS) completed three test conditions on an eight-meter pressor sensor walking way (GAITRite® System) without shoes: (i) walking forwards at a self-selected normal speed, (ii) walking forwards at fast speed and (iii) walking backwards at the highest possible speed. In addition, fall history and fear of falling in the previous month were assessed. Velocity, step length and stance phase of gait cycle were determined in all test conditions. In walking backwards condition, time for 3-meter backward walking test (3MBWT) was additionally included in the analysis. Multiple logistic regressions adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were applied. Of 705 pwMS, 10.6% were fallers (n=75; age: 46.52 ±10.79; BMI: 26.05 ±5.66; EDSS median: 3.5), while 31.9% presented with fear of falling (n=225; age: 47.58 ±11,29; BMI: 25.73 ±5.01; EDSS median: 3.5). Step length during fast walking (odds ratio (OR) 0.982; CI 0.966-0.998) and velocity during walking backwards proved to be significant indicators of falls with an OR of 0.982 (CI 0.970-0.995). All parameters of walking backwards (velocity, step length, stance of cycle and 3MBWT) and stance of cycle in normal walking could be proven as an indicator of fear of falling (see Fig. 1). In addition to identifying patients at risk of falling [3], the results suggest that walking backwards also can identify pwMS presenting with fear of falling. Longitudinal analyses will be performed to validate the clinical utility of walking backwards. Fig. 1.Download : Download high-res image (111KB)Download : Download full-size image","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with pre-obesity exhibit a more asymmetrical gait pattern","authors":"Halit Selçuk, Hilal Keklicek","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.223","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that obesity impairs body biomechanics (1-3). However, no study has been found examining the gait of individuals who are not obese but have an above-normal BMI and were considered pre-obese. Does pre-obesity affect the symmetry of the angular values of the lower extremity during walking? Thirteen individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) (21.53±2.05 kg/m) and eight individuals with pre-obesity (28.52±2.21 kg/m) were recruited for the study. Participants walked at their self-paced speed for 4-5 minutes (4) on a motorized treadmill and the data of lower limb angles were collected with inertial measurement units (Xsens Technologies B.V.). Minimum, maximum, and average values of stance and swing phase of the participants for the whole series of the ankle, knee, and hip angles, as well as; the series at heel strike and foot release phase were recorded. Differences between right and left joints were calculated to examine gait symmetry. Symmetry in ankle angles was similar between groups (p>0.05). In the pre-obese group; minimum(p=0.011) and maximum (p=0.007) knee angles were more asymmetrical in the stance phase than in the normal-weight group. Also, the minimum knee angle in the swing phase was more asymmetrical (p=0.043) in the pre-obese group. In addition, it was determined that the pre-obese group exhibited more asymmetrical knee angles at heel strike (p=0.032) and foot release (p=0.017). The maximum hip angle of the pre-obese group was more asymmetrical in the stance phase (p=0.003) and swing phase (p= 0.006). Also, in the heel strike, the hip angle (p=0.009) was found to be more asymmetrical than the normal-weight group. No difference was observed between the groups for all other measurements (p>0.05). The results of the study showed that individuals with pre-obesity level BMI exhibited a more asymmetrical gait pattern in the proximal joints during walking. It was observed that the increase in BMI negatively affected gait even if below the level of obesity.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"53 83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying morphological changes in middle trapezius with ultrasound scanning and a novel histogram matching algorithm","authors":"Fraser Philp, Erik Meilak, Tracey Willis, Naomi Winn, Anand Pandyan","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.197","url":null,"abstract":"Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) can affect upper-limb function through muscle degeneration, fatty infiltration and oedema. Muscle echogenicity, measured using ultrasound, could be used as a biomarker for muscular changes and disease progression [1–3]. Histogram-matching may be instrumental in overcoming existing shortcomings that prevent us from using such images to extract clinically useful information [4,5]. Can histogram-matching of muscle ultrasound images be used to extract clinically relevant measures to quantify the muscle morphological changes in people with FSHD (pwFSHD)? Participants attended a single motion analysis session for upper-limb 2D-ultrasound imaging and 3D-movement analysis. Stratified sampling by arm function was used for pwFSHD. Controls were age and sex matched. Middle trapezius measurement was taken at the midpoint of a line between C7 and ACJ. Six total measurements were taken (3-longitudinal and 3-transverse views) using an Esoate MyLab-Gamma device and linear probe (3-13 MHz). Muscle thickness measurements were carried using ImageJ 1.53t. Histogram-matching was carried out as described by Bottenus et al. [4]. All images were matched to a single reference image from a control group participant. Manual segmentation of the subcutaneous fat layer was carried out and used as the region-of-interest for histogram-matching across all images. Using full histogram-matching, the monotonic transformation was applied across the entire image. The trapezius muscle was segmented to determine mean grayscale values (echogenicity). The student t-test was used for evaluating between group differences and the relationship between echogenicity values and muscle thickness was investigated. Data was collected for 14 participants (7 pwFSHD (2 F:5 M) and 7 sex- and age-matched controls (2 F:5 M). PwFSHD had mean (SD) age, height and weight values of 41.9-years (17.1), 176 cm (8.8) and 90.6 kg (24.8) respectively. The control group had age, height and weight values of 41.4-years (15.5), 176.4 cm (5.7) and 77.1 kg (11.2) respectively. Group echogenicity values are presented in Fig. 1. Download : Download high-res image (106KB)Download : Download full-size image Mean (SD) echogenicity values for pwFSHD were higher than the control group (96.5 (30.3) vs 32.2 (11.2) respectively) with statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Mean (SD) trapezius muscle thickness was higher in the control group 1.48 cm (0.27) vs 0.74 cm (0.45) respectively. Mean echogenicity scores accounted for 82% of the variance in mean muscle thickness values (R2=0.824). PwFSHD demonstrated higher echogenicity values and smaller muscle thicknesses indicative of degenerative muscle structure changes associated with the disease. Preliminary results suggest that post capture processing of ultrasound images using histogram matching can provide quantifiable differences in people with and without FSHD. This could facilitate clinically feasible bedside methods for assessing","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articular ankle joint loading during dynamic activities","authors":"Barbara Postolka, Bryce A. Killen, Hannelore Boey, Jos Vander Sloten, Ilse Jonkers","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.202","url":null,"abstract":"Increased joint contact stress can lead to cartilage degeneration and thus the development of osteoarthritis. While articular knee joint loading is well studied [1], less is known about other joints despite them being at risk of the disease as well. In particular, structural deformities of the foot-ankle complex such as flat feet are known to increase the risk for developing osteoarthritis at the hind- and midfoot joints [2]. The aim of this project was to combine state of the art in vivo kinematics with dynamic musculoskeletal simulations using an extended foot-ankle model including contact modelling to estimate ankle articular joint loading in healthy subjects during different gait activities. 6 healthy subjects (4 female, 2 male; 23.8±3.0 years; BMI 23.2±2.4 kg/m²) with no history of foot-ankle injuries participated in this study. Whole body kinematics were measured for each subject during three gait cycles of walking and running using a full body and extended foot skin marker system [3]. Cartilage contact between the tibia and talus were added to a foot-ankle model [4] to allow estimation of articular joint mechanics using an elastic foundation model based on cartilage stiffness and mesh penetration [1]. Generic models were scaled for each individual and kinematics calculated for every trial. Based on subject-specific kinematics, articular joint mechanics were estimated using the OpenSim joint and articular mechanics (JAM) tool [1]. To investigate articular joint loading, contact area as well as mean and peak pressure at the ankle joint were analysed during the stance phase. Mean and peak cartilage contact pressure were comparable at heel strike and toe off, but substantially differed throughout the stance phases of walking and running (Fig. 1A). During walking, cartilage contact pressure showed a double peak with the higher peak around contralateral heel strike (peak pressure: 5.96±1.66 MPa) whereas during running cartilage contact pressure showed a single peak during mid-stance (peak pressure: 9.61±2.41 MPa) (Fig. 1A&B). Although similar cartilage contact locations were found for walking and running, contact area was considerably larger during running (1.39±0.15 cm²) then walking (0.96±0.19 cm²) (Fig. 1B).Download : Download high-res image (119KB)Download : Download full-size image This study showed a first analysis of ankle mechanics during multiple gait cycles of walking and running. Using a detailed musculoskeletal foot-ankle model combined with recently developed methods to estimate cartilage contact mechanics, this study allowed novel insights on the location and magnitude of articular joint loading. While this study provided important findings on the ankle joint, further developments are needed to also estimate cartilage contact mechanics at the subtalar joint. In addition, analysis of pathological cohorts such as subjects with chronic ankle instability or flat feet, will help to understand changes in articular mechanics and how they ","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between measurement of scapular asymmetry and working posture in dentists","authors":"Merve Keskin, Derya Ozer Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.121","url":null,"abstract":"Dentists are at risk due to adverse conditions they are exposed to, such as improper working posture, repetitive movements, long-term static positions, excessive effort with frequent use of small muscles, tight grip of materials, using vibrating instruments, and holding their arms high for long periods of time (1). Does the scapular asymmetry distance increase as the working posture of dentists worsens? In the study, 122 volunteers (52 males, 70 females, age: 25.94±3.40 years) from dentists who have been active in the clinic for at least 6 months were included. The Lateral Scapular Slide Test was used to measure scapular asymmetry. Measurement was performed in 4 positions: in a neutral position of the glenohumeral joint with arms at both sides in a free-standing position, shoulders at 45° abduction and 90° abduction (2), and the arms were in 90° abduction holding 2.3 kg (5 lb) for those with a body weight of 68.1 kg and above, and 1.4 kg (3 lb) for those with a body weight of less than 68.1 kg. The distance between the inferior end of the scapula and the spinous process of the nearest thoracic vertebra was measured in all four positions. Working posture was evaluated during the study by observation with the REBA whole-body assessment method. The risk levels of the scoring results were made according to the REBA method; 1 point was classified as “negligible, 2-3 points as “low”, 4-7 points as “moderate”, 8-10 as “high” and 11-15 as “very high” (3,4). According to the REBA score risk classification, 36.1% of the participants were included between 4-7 “medium risk”, 56.6% 8-10 “high risk”, and 7.4% 11-15 “very high risk” group. The mean REBA score was found to be 6.48±0.73 in the intermediate-risk group, 8.72±0.73 in the high-risk group, and 11.00±0.00 in the very high-risk group. A positive correlation was found between the REBA score and dominant side lateral scapular slide test with neutral, 45°, 90° and weights (r=0.325, p<0.001; r=0.268, p=0.003; r=0.267, p=0.003; r=0.265, p=0.003). In the results, it was seen that the working posture of the dentists was risky and there was no participant in the risk-free group. The scapular asymmetry distance increased as the risk in the working posture of the dentists increased. In a previous study, interns and 1-year dentists were compared for the lateral scapular slide test, and, scapular asymmetry distance was found to be higher in 1-year dentists. (5). It has been observed that the exposure may increase as the exposure to the working posture increases. Risky postures may be related to scapular asymmetry those may further develop dysfunctions.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}