Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3377330
{"title":"IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3377330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3377330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10487135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3405815
Tyler Hack;Joel Bisarra;Saeromi Chung;Shekher Kummari;Drew A. Hall
Opioid tampering and diversion pose a serious problem for hospital patients with potentially life-threatening consequences. The ongoing opioid crisis has resulted in medications used for pain management and anesthesia, such as fentanyl and morphine, being stolen, substituted with a different substance, and abused. This work aims to mitigate tampering and diversion through analytical verification of the administered drug before it enters the patient. We present an electrochemical-based sensor and miniaturized wireless potentiostat that enable real-time intravenous (IV) monitoring of opioids, specifically fentanyl and morphine. The proposed system is connected to an IV drip system during surgery or post-operation recovery. Measurement results of two opioids are presented, including calibration curves and data on the sensor performance concerning pH, temperature, interference, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Finally, we demonstrate real-time fluidic measurements connected to a flow cell to simulate IV administration and a blind study classified using a machine-learning algorithm. The system achieves limits of detection (LODs) of 1.26 µg/mL and 2.75 µg/mL for fentanyl and morphine, respectively, while operating with >1-month battery lifetime due to an optimized ultra-low power 36 µA sleep mode.
{"title":"Mitigating Medication Tampering and Diversion via Real-Time Intravenous Opioid Quantification","authors":"Tyler Hack;Joel Bisarra;Saeromi Chung;Shekher Kummari;Drew A. Hall","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3405815","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3405815","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid tampering and diversion pose a serious problem for hospital patients with potentially life-threatening consequences. The ongoing opioid crisis has resulted in medications used for pain management and anesthesia, such as fentanyl and morphine, being stolen, substituted with a different substance, and abused. This work aims to mitigate tampering and diversion through analytical verification of the administered drug before it enters the patient. We present an electrochemical-based sensor and miniaturized wireless potentiostat that enable real-time intravenous (IV) monitoring of opioids, specifically fentanyl and morphine. The proposed system is connected to an IV drip system during surgery or post-operation recovery. Measurement results of two opioids are presented, including calibration curves and data on the sensor performance concerning pH, temperature, interference, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Finally, we demonstrate real-time fluidic measurements connected to a flow cell to simulate IV administration and a blind study classified using a machine-learning algorithm. The system achieves limits of detection (LODs) of 1.26 µg/mL and 2.75 µg/mL for fentanyl and morphine, respectively, while operating with >1-month battery lifetime due to an optimized ultra-low power 36 µA sleep mode.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 4","pages":"756-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401335
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401339
{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 3","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401823
{"title":"Together, We are advance technology","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 3","pages":"716-716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401337
{"title":"IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 3","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401821
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3401821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 3","pages":"714-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10540338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3380055
Shuenn-Yuh Lee;Zhan-Xian Liao;I-Ting Feng;Hao-Yun Lee;Chou-Ching Lin
This study proposes a charge-mode neural stimulator for electrical stimulation systems that utilizes a capacitor-reuse technique with a residual charge detector and achieves active charge balancing simultaneously. The design is mainly used for epilepsy suppression systems to achieve real-time symptom relief during seizures. A charge-mode stimulator is adopted in consideration of the complexity of circuit design, the high voltage tolerance of transistors, and system integration requirements in the future. The residual charge detector allows users to understand the current stimulus situation, enabling them to make optimal adjustments to the stimulation parameters. On the basis of the information on actual stimulation charge, active charge balancing can effectively prevent the accumulation of mismatched charges on electrode impedance. The capacitor- and phase-reuse techniques help realize high integration of the overall stimulator circuit in consideration of the commonality of the use of a capacitor and charging/discharging phase in the stimulation circuit and charge detector. The proposed charge-mode neural stimulator is implemented in a TSMC 0.18 µm 1P6M CMOS process with a core area of 0.2127 mm 2 . Measurement results demonstrate the accuracy of the stimulation’s functionality and the programmable stimulus parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed charge-mode neural stimulator for epileptic seizure suppression is verified through animal experiments.
{"title":"Charge-Mode Neural Stimulator With a Capacitor-Reuse Residual Charge Detector and Active Charge Balancing for Epileptic Seizure Suppression","authors":"Shuenn-Yuh Lee;Zhan-Xian Liao;I-Ting Feng;Hao-Yun Lee;Chou-Ching Lin","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3380055","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3380055","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a charge-mode neural stimulator for electrical stimulation systems that utilizes a capacitor-reuse technique with a residual charge detector and achieves active charge balancing simultaneously. The design is mainly used for epilepsy suppression systems to achieve real-time symptom relief during seizures. A charge-mode stimulator is adopted in consideration of the complexity of circuit design, the high voltage tolerance of transistors, and system integration requirements in the future. The residual charge detector allows users to understand the current stimulus situation, enabling them to make optimal adjustments to the stimulation parameters. On the basis of the information on actual stimulation charge, active charge balancing can effectively prevent the accumulation of mismatched charges on electrode impedance. The capacitor- and phase-reuse techniques help realize high integration of the overall stimulator circuit in consideration of the commonality of the use of a capacitor and charging/discharging phase in the stimulation circuit and charge detector. The proposed charge-mode neural stimulator is implemented in a TSMC 0.18 µm 1P6M CMOS process with a core area of 0.2127 mm\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000. Measurement results demonstrate the accuracy of the stimulation’s functionality and the programmable stimulus parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed charge-mode neural stimulator for epileptic seizure suppression is verified through animal experiments.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 5","pages":"1065-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3379208
Kai Cui;Xiaoya Fan;Yanzhao Ma
This paper presents an energy-efficient wireless power receiver for implantable electrical stimulation applications, which can achieve one-step adiabatic bipolar-supply that is generated by a hybrid single-stage dual-output regulating (SSDOR) rectifiers. The structure using only four switches overcomes the disadvantages that the two output voltage values in the traditional dual-output rectifiers are close to each other. A constant-current (CC) controlled adiabatic dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique is proposed to minimize the voltage headroom of the stimulating drivers and improve the stimulation efficiency significantly. In addition, the receiver adopts only one general constant on-time (COT) low-frequency control to adjust the stimulation current, reducing both the power consumption and the complexity of the control circuits. The proposed receiver has been fabricated in a 0.18 $mu$ m BCD process with $pm$ 6 V voltage compliance and 2.5 mA maximum stimulating current. With a current range from $pm$ 1.5 mA to $pm$ 2.5 mA, the measured maximum average headroom voltage is only 80 mV and the peak total efficiency of the receiver is 85.6 $%$ . The functionalities of the proposed receiver have been successfully verified through $in ,vitro$ experiments.
本文介绍了一种用于植入式电刺激应用的高能效无线电源接收器，该接收器可通过混合式单级双输出调节（SSDOR）整流器实现一步绝热双极供电。这种仅使用四个开关的结构克服了传统双输出整流器两个输出电压值相互接近的缺点。此外，还提出了一种恒流（CC）控制绝热动态电压缩放（DVS）技术，以最大限度地减少激励驱动器的电压净空，显著提高激励效率。此外，接收器只采用一个通用的恒定导通时间（COT）低频控制来调节激励电流，从而降低了功耗和控制电路的复杂性。该接收器采用 0.18 μm BCD 工艺制造，电压符合±6 V 标准，最大刺激电流为 2.5 mA。在 ±1.5 mA 至 ±2.5 mA 的电流范围内，测得的最大平均净空电压仅为 80 mV，接收器的峰值总效率为 85.6%。拟议接收器的功能已通过体外实验成功验证。
{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Wireless Power Receiver With One-Step Adiabatic-Bipolar-Supply Generating for Implantable Electrical Stimulation Applications","authors":"Kai Cui;Xiaoya Fan;Yanzhao Ma","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3379208","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3379208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an energy-efficient wireless power receiver for implantable electrical stimulation applications, which can achieve one-step adiabatic bipolar-supply that is generated by a hybrid single-stage dual-output regulating (SSDOR) rectifiers. The structure using only four switches overcomes the disadvantages that the two output voltage values in the traditional dual-output rectifiers are close to each other. A constant-current (CC) controlled adiabatic dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique is proposed to minimize the voltage headroom of the stimulating drivers and improve the stimulation efficiency significantly. In addition, the receiver adopts only one general constant on-time (COT) low-frequency control to adjust the stimulation current, reducing both the power consumption and the complexity of the control circuits. The proposed receiver has been fabricated in a 0.18 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m BCD process with \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00006 V voltage compliance and 2.5 mA maximum stimulating current. With a current range from \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00001.5 mA to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00002.5 mA, the measured maximum average headroom voltage is only 80 mV and the peak total efficiency of the receiver is 85.6\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The functionalities of the proposed receiver have been successfully verified through \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$in ,vitro$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 experiments.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 5","pages":"1112-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3378973
Yuming He;Stan van der Ven;Hua-Peng Liaw;Chengyao Shi;Pietro Russo;Marios Gourdouparis;Mario Konijnenburg;Stefano Traferro;Martijn Timmermans;Carolina Mora Lopez;Pieter Harpe;Eugenio Cantatore;Elisabetta Chicca;Yao-Hong Liu
Intracortical brain-computer interfaces offer superior spatial and temporal resolutions, but face challenges as the increasing number of recording channels introduces high amounts of data to be transferred. This requires power-hungry data serialization and telemetry, leading to potential tissue damage risks. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an event-based neural compressive telemetry (NCT) consisting of 8 channel-rotating Δ-ADCs, an event-driven serializer supporting a proposed ternary address event representation protocol, and an event-based LVDS driver. Leveraging a high sparsity of extracellular spikes and high spatial correlation of the high-density recordings, the proposed NCT achieves a compression ratio of >11.4×, while consumes only 1 µW per channel, which is 127× more efficient than state of the art. The NCT well preserves the spike waveform fidelity, and has a low normalized RMS error <23% even with a spike amplitude down to only 31 µV.
{"title":"An Event-Based Neural Compressive Telemetry With >11× Loss-Less Data Reduction for High-Bandwidth Intracortical Brain Computer Interfaces","authors":"Yuming He;Stan van der Ven;Hua-Peng Liaw;Chengyao Shi;Pietro Russo;Marios Gourdouparis;Mario Konijnenburg;Stefano Traferro;Martijn Timmermans;Carolina Mora Lopez;Pieter Harpe;Eugenio Cantatore;Elisabetta Chicca;Yao-Hong Liu","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3378973","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3378973","url":null,"abstract":"Intracortical brain-computer interfaces offer superior spatial and temporal resolutions, but face challenges as the increasing number of recording channels introduces high amounts of data to be transferred. This requires power-hungry data serialization and telemetry, leading to potential tissue damage risks. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an event-based neural compressive telemetry (NCT) consisting of 8 channel-rotating Δ-ADCs, an event-driven serializer supporting a proposed ternary address event representation protocol, and an event-based LVDS driver. Leveraging a high sparsity of extracellular spikes and high spatial correlation of the high-density recordings, the proposed NCT achieves a compression ratio of >11.4×, while consumes only 1 µW per channel, which is 127× more efficient than state of the art. The NCT well preserves the spike waveform fidelity, and has a low normalized RMS error <23% even with a spike amplitude down to only 31 µV.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 5","pages":"1100-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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